Search

In opdracht van Dhr. R. van der Geest heeft archeologisch onderzoeksbureau IDDS Archeologie op 13 en 14 mei 2020 een Inventariserend Veldonderzoek d.m.v. proefsleuven uitgevoerd aan de Voorstraat 17-23 in Voorschoten, gemeente Voorschoten. De aanleiding voor dit onderzoek is de voorgenomen aanleg van een ondergrondse parkeerkelder. De bovenzijde van de keldervloer is voorzien op ongeveer 3,9 m onder maaiveld. De onderzijde van de vloer zal nog enkele decimeters dieper liggen. Uit het in het plangebied uitgevoerde archeologische vooronderzoek is gebleken dat er sprake is van een drietal archeologisch niveaus, die zich bevinden tussen 1,1 en 2,2 m –mv (-0,2 en -1,9 m NAP). Op basis van deze resultaten is geadviseerd vervolgonderzoek in de vorm van proefsleuven uit te laten voeren indien werkzaamheden reiken tot onder de moderne verstoringen (dieper dan 1,0 m –mv / -0,2 m NAP). Bij de realisatie van de parkeerkelder is dat het geval. De gemeente Voorschoten heeft aangegeven dat er tot op een diepte van ca. 3,8 m –NAP sprake is van een archeologische verwachting. Tijdens het proefsleuvenonderzoek zijn twee archeologische vindplaatsen aangetroffen. De eerste vindplaats betreft een oude sloot of perceelscheiding die vanaf de bebouwing aan de Voorstraat naar een uit historisch kaartmateriaal bekende achtersloot loopt. In deze oorspronkelijke waterloop is in de 19e en 20e eeuw een aantal riolerings- of afwateringssystemen geplaatst. Op het tweede archeologische niveau (de bovenkant van het onverstoorde veen) zijn geen archeologische sporen aangetroffen. Aan de onderkant van het veen zijn ook enkele archeologische resten aangetroffen die KNA-technisch als vindplaats te interpreteren zijn. Deze neolithische vindplaats bestaat uit het restant van een houten paaltje. In de directe nabijheid hiervan zijn twee scherven aardewerk uit de Vlaardingencultuur, een stukje bot en een kiezel aangetroffen. Op het niveau van vlak 3, het duinzand c.q. de strandvlakte, zijn geen aanwijzingen voor een archeologische vindplaats aangetroffen. De boringen die vanaf dit niveau zijn gezet en ook het kijkgat hebben geen aanwijzingen opgeleverd dat er op een dieper niveau nog sprake is van een potentieel archeologisch niveau in de vorm van bijvoorbeeld een vegetatiehorizont.

Under the Paris Agreement (PA), progress of emission reduction efforts is tracked on the basis of regular updates to national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, referred to as bottom-up estimates. However, only top-down atmospheric measurements can provide observation-based evidence of emission trends. Today, there is no internationally agreed, operational capacity to monitor anthropogenic GHG emission trends using atmospheric measurements to complement national bottom-up inventories. The European Commission (EC), the European Space Agency, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and international experts are joining forces to develop such an operational capacity for monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions as a new CO2 service under the EC’s Copernicus program. Design studies have been used to translate identified needs into defined requirements and functionalities of this anthropogenic CO2 emissions Monitoring and Verification Support (CO2MVS) capacity. It adopts a holistic view and includes components such as atmospheric spaceborne and in situ measurements, bottom-up CO2 emission maps, improved modeling of the carbon cycle, an operational data-assimilation system integrating top-down and bottom-up information, and a policy-relevant decision support tool. The CO2MVS capacity with operational capabilities by 2026 is expected to visualize regular updates of global CO2 emissions, likely at 0.05° x 0.05°. This will complement the PA’s enhanced transparency framework, providing actionable information on anthropogenic CO2 emissions that are the main driver of climate change. This information will be available to all stakeholders, including governments and citizens, allowing them to reflect on trends and effectiveness of reduction measures. The new EC gave the green light to pass the CO2MVS from exploratory to implementing phase.

BACKGROUND:Reintroduction of a food after negative food challenge (FC) faces many obstacles. There are no studies available about this subject in adults.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the frequency, reasons and risk factors of reintroduction failure in adults.METHODS:In this prospective study, adult patients received standardized follow-up care after negative FCs including a reintroduction scheme and supportive telephone consultations. Data were collected by telephone interview (2 weeks after FC) and questionnaires (at baseline and 6 months after FC(s)): food habits questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Adult Form and Food Allergy Independent Measure. Frequency and reasons of reintroduction failure were analysed using descriptive statistics and risk factors with univariate analyses.RESULTS:Eighty patients were included with, in total, 113 negative FCs. Reintroduction failed on short-term (2 weeks after FC) in 20% (95% CI: 13%-28%). Common reasons were symptoms upon ingestion during the reintroduction scheme (50%) and no need to eat the food (23%). On the long-term (5-12 months after FC(s)), reintroduction failure increased to 40% (95% CI: 28%-53%). Common reasons were atypical symptoms after eating the food (59%) and fear for an allergic reaction (24%). Five risk factors for long-term reintroduction failure were found: if culprit food was not one of the 13 EU regulated allergens, reintroduction failure at short-term, atypical symptoms during FC, a lower quality of life and a higher state anxiety.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Reintroduction failure after negative FCs in adults is common, increases over time, and is primarily due to atypical symptoms. This stresses the need for more patient-tailored care before and after negative food challenges.cc-by-nc-sa

Self-reported peanut allergy is common and has a major impact on quality of life. It is therefore important to accurately diagnose or exclude peanut allergy. Recent publications have shown that using specific IgE to a peanut component (Ara h 2) can optimize the diagnostic work-up in patients with suspected peanut allergy. In this article, we describe the use of these component-resolved diagnostics in daily practice based on three children with suspected peanut allergy. The presented flowchart based on Ara h 2 can improve the diagnostic flow of children with suspected peanut allergy and prevent unnecessary double blind placebo controlled food challenges.

This is the third report form the CO2 Monitoring Task Force on the multiple input streams of in-situ observations that are requirement for the Copernicus CO2 Monitoring and Verification Support capacity to: (i) calibrated and validate the space component, (ii) assimilate data in the models and integrate information in the core of the system, and (iii) evaluate the output generated by the system for its end users. The availability of sustained in situ networks is currently a significant factor of risk that needs to be mitigated to establish a European CO 2 support capacity which is fit-for-purpose. The current status of existing networks may be the source of large uncertainties in anthropogenic CO2 emission estimates as well as limited capability in meeting the requirements for country, large city and point source scale assessments. This conclusion results from a risk analysis formulated for four scenarios: 1) maintaining the status quo, 2) assuring sustained funding for the status quo, 3) enhancing network capabilities at European scale with sustained funding and 4) with a significantly improved in situ infrastructure in Europe and beyond. This report substantiates the multifaceted needs and requirements of the European CO2 support capacity with respect to in situ observations. The analysis concerns all core elements of the envisaged integrated system with a particular attention on the impact of such observations in achieving the proposed objectives. The specific needs for the validation of products delivered by the space component that is, the Copernicus Sentinels CO2 monitoring constellation, are addressed as another prerequisite for the success of the CO2 support capacity. This European asset will represent a significant contribution to the virtual constellation proposed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and, accordingly, complementary requirements are elaborated in that international frame. The report highlights that although high measurement standards are present within existing networks such as ICOS, in the context of the needs for targeted in situ data for the realization of the operational system, these data are not fully fit-for-purpose. A fundamental prerequisite is to have a good geographical coverage over Europe for evaluating the data assimilation and modeling system over a large variety of environmental conditions such as, for instance, urban areas, agricultural regions, forested zones and industrial complexes. The in situ observations need to be extended under a coordinated European lead with sustained infrastructure and targeted additional and maintained long-term funding. It has been clearly understood from the onset that the international dimension of the European CO2 support capacity would be critical and that these aspects should be developed in parallel to, and in synergy with the definition and implementation of a European contributing system. It was also understood that this international dimension had both strategic, policy relevant and technical dimensions and the Commission and the relevant European institutional partners have started since several years to engage both bilaterally and multilaterally with the relevant stakeholders and counterparts to develop these relations. Specifically, CEOS will undertake, over the next few years, dedicated preparatory work in a coordinated international context, to provide cumulative added value to the specific programmatic activities of their member agencies. Concerted efforts have already begun in the context of the European Commission's Chairmanship of CEOS in 2018. It is recognized in the context of the European efforts, and increasingly by our international counterparts that a broad and holistic system approach is required to address the requirements which are represented by the climate policy, of which the satellite component, whilst important, cannot effectively be developed in isolation. This system indeed includes the satellite observing capability but in addition, the required modelling component and data integration elements, prior information, ancillary data and in situ observations delivered by essential networks. Acknowledging the need for an efficient coordination at international level for instance via the Global Atmosphere Watch programme of the World Meteorological Organisation is a key towards a successful implementation of appropriate actions to ensure the sustainability of essential networks, to enhance current network capabilities with new observations and to propose adequate governance schemes. Such actions to mitigate current network limitations are deemed critical to implementing the Copernicus CO 2 Monitoring & Verification Support capacity in its full strength., JRC.D.6-Knowledge for Sustainable Development and Food Security