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Synthesizing nanopores which mimic the functionality of ion-selective biological channels has been a challenging yet promising approach to advance technologies for precise ion-ion separations. Inspired by the facilitated fluoride (F-) permeation in the biological fluoride channel, we designed a highly fluoride-selective TiO2 film using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The subnanometer voids within the fabricated TiO2 film (4 A < d < 12 A, with two distinct peaks at 5.5 and 6.5 A), created by the hindered diffusion of ALD precursors (d = 7 A), resulted in more than eight times faster permeation of sodium fluoride compared to other sodium halides. We show that the specific Ti-F interactions compensate for the energy penalty of F- dehydration during the partitioning of F- ions into the pore and allow for an intrapore accumulation of F- ions. Concomitantly, the accumulation of F- ions on the pore walls also enhances the transport of sodium (Na+) cations due to electrostatic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations probing the ion concentration and mobility within the TiO2 pore further support our proposed mechanisms for the selective F- transport and enhanced Na+ permeation in the TiO2 film. Overall, our work provides insights toward the design of ion-selective nanopores using the ALD technique.

The sweetness of blueberry fruit increases over time, as acids are converted to sugars, and full flavor development is formed by harvest. We comprehensively analyzed the changes and correlation in physiological and biochemical characteristics of blueberries at different maturity stages, including texture, quality, taste and energy change. Our analysis revealed that total anthocyanin content increased and firmness decreased as fruit ripened. Percent moisture, titratable acid (TA), chlorophyll and carotenoid content also decreased, while total soluble solids (TSS), pH, TSS/TA ratio, vitamin C, soluble proteins, and ethylene production all increased. Antioxidant enzyme activity gradually increased during ripening but energy-related metabolites decreased. The flavor attributes of sweetness, bitterness, and sourness were readily perceived using an electronic tongue and a total of 76 volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS. In summary, the maturation of blueberries was correlated with increases of anthocyanins, nutrients, antioxidant activity, taste and aroma, but negatively correlated with energy metabolism.

More than 70% of the population without access to safe drinking water lives in remote and off-grid areas. Inspired by natural plant transpiration, we designed and tested in this study an array of scalable three-dimensional (3D) engineered trees made of natural wood for continuous water desalination to provide affordable and clean drinking water. The trees took advantage of capillary action in the wood xylems and lifted water more than 1 foot off the ground with or without solar irradiation. This process overcame some major challenges of popular solar-driven water evaporation and water harvesting, such as intermittent operation, low water production rate, and system scaling. The trade-off between energy transfer and system footprint was tackled by optimizing the interspacing between the trees. The scaled system has a ratio of surface area (vapor generation) to project area (water transport) up to 118, significantly higher than the prevailing flat-sheet design. The extensive surface area evaporated water at a temperature cooler than the surrounding air, drawing on multiple environmental energy sources including solar, wind, or ambient heat in the air and realized continuous operation. The total energy for evaporation reached over 300% of the one-sun irradiance, enabling a freshwater production rate of 4.8 L m

The electrochemical formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) has attracted great attention due to its high volumetric energy density and high theoretical efficiency for future portable electronic applications, for which the development of highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is of great significance. In this work, taking single-atom catalysts (SACs) supported on graphitic carbon nitrides (g-CN) as potential catalysts, their catalytic performance for the FAOR was systemically explored by means of density functional theory computations. Our results revealed that the strong hybridization with the unpaired lone electrons of N atoms in the g-CN substrate ensured the high stability of these anchored SACs and endowed them with excellent electrical conductivity. Based on the computed free energy changes of all possible elementary steps, we predicted that a highly efficient FAOR could be achieved on Ru/g-CN with a low limiting potential of −0.15 V along a direct pathway of HCOOH(aq) → HCOOH* → HCOO* → CO2* → CO2(g), in which the formation of HCOO* was identified as the potential-determining step, while the rate-determining step was located at the CO2* formation, with a moderate kinetic barrier of 0.89 eV. Remarkably, the moderate d-band center and polarized charge of the Ru active site caused the Ru/g-CN catalyst to exhibit an optimal binding strength with various reaction intermediates, explaining well its superior FAOR catalytic performance. Hence, the single Ru atom anchored on g-CN could be utilized as a promising SAC for the FAOR, which opens a new avenue to further develop novel catalysts for a sustainable FAOR in formic-acid-based fuel cells.

(Tb0.5Y0.5)2O3 transparent ceramics have been prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation route and flowing H2 atmosphere sintering. The optical quality, microstructure and magneto-optical properties of the ceramics were investigated. No sintering aids or milling were adopted in the ceramic fabrication processing. The cold isostatic pressed green compact could be sintered to be transparent (Tb0.5Y0.5)2O3 ceramic at 1800 ℃ in flowing H2 atmosphere. The mechanical polished ceramic showed the good transmittance from visible to near infrared wavelength, corresponding to a 71.9% transmittance at 1400 nm wavelength. The Verdet constant measured at 632.8 nm of the (Tb0.5Y0.5)2O3 transparent ceramics was -220.19 rad T−1 m-1, which was 1.64 times that of Tb3Ga5O12 single crystal.

Semiconductors of narrow bandgaps and high quantum efficiency have not been broadly utilized for photocatalytic coevolution of H(2) and O(2) via water splitting. One prominent issue is to develop effective protection strategies, which not only mitigate photocorrosion in an aqueous environment but also facilitate charge separation. Achieving local charge separation is especially challenging when these reductive and oxidative sites are placed only nanometers apart compared to two macroscopically separated electrodes in a photoelectrochemical cell. Additionally, the driving force of charge separation, namely the energetic difference in the barrier heights across the two type of sites, is small. Herein, we used conformal coatings attached by nanoscale cocatalysts to transform two classes of tunable bandgap semiconductors, i.e., CdS and GaInP(2), into stable and efficient photocatalysts. We used hydrogen evolution and redox-mediator oxidation for model study, and further constructed a two-compartment solar fuel generator that separated stoichiometric H(2) and O(2) products. Distinct from the single charge-transfer direction reported for conventional protective coatings, the coating herein allows for concurrent injection of photoexcited electrons and holes through the coating. The energetic difference between reductive and oxidative catalytic sites was regulated by selectivity and local kinetics. Accordingly, the charge separation behavior was validated using numerical simulations. Following this design principle, the CdS/TiO(2)/Rh@CrO(x) photocatalysts evolved H(2) while oxidizing reversible polysulfide redox mediators at a maximum rate of 90.6 μmol⋅h(−1)⋅cm(−2) by stacking three panels. Powered by a solar cell, the redox-mediated solar water-splitting reactor regenerated the polysulfide repeatedly and achieved solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 1.7%.

Semiconductors of narrow bandgaps and high quantum efficiency have not been successfully utilised for coevolving photocatalysis despite the widely demonstrated protective coating schemes. Herein, we showcase a general strategy of using conformal coatings and cocatalysts energetic properties to transform CdS powders and GaInP2 films into stable and efficient photocatalysts for coevolution of H2 and reversible redox couples. A scalable redox-mediated solar water-splitting reactor was constructed, regenerating the redox mediators while evolving O2 in a separate compartment. Distinct from the single direction of charge transfer found with conventional photoelectrode stabilisation, the coating herein allows both photo-excited electrons and holes to spatially separate and inject simultaneously to the respective reductive and oxidative sites. With TiO2 stabilisation, CdS particles produced H2 continuously for 150 hours. Under simulated sunlight, solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 5.9% and 9.4% can be achieved for the CdS and GaInP2 panels, respectively, by stacking multiple panels and matching the rate of redox regeneration to that of H2 production.

Background: At present, infliximab(IFX) and adalimumab(ADA) are the classic drugs for the treatment of moderate-severe inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), which prove effective for the disease control. However, the side effects need to be monitored during the therapy process, especially the paradoxical reaction of the skin system such as psoriasis, which could greatly benefit quality of patients’ life.Aim: In order to describe and analyze TNF-antagonist-induced psoriasis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease from the aspects of incidence, pathogenesis, distribution and type of lesions, prognosis and treatment, the incidence of psoriasis induced by Infliximab (IBD) and Adalimumab (ADA) in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disease (IBD) as well as the relationship between sex, smoking and the incidence of psoriasis were investigated.Methods: Literatures in English language meeting the qualifications on Pubmeb, Embase, Web of Science, Google, and Geenmedical databases were searched . More than two co-authors evaluated the quality of the article and extracted the data respectively. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by statistical software of Revman and Stata.Results: 1) The incidence of psoriasis was higher in ADA Group (OR 0.66, P

BACKGROUND Infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) refer to the classic drugs to treat moderate-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which have been proven to be effective to control IBD. However, the side effects exerted by IFX and ADA should be monitored in therapies, especially the paradoxical reaction of the skin system (e.g., psoriasis). Psoriasis is recognized as the most common skin lesion, capable of significantly affecting the quality of patients' life. METHODS This study searched literatures published in English language with the qualifications on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google, and Geenmedical databases. Over 2 co-authors assessed the quality of the articles and extracted the data independently. The data acquired were statistically analyzed with the statistical software of Revman and Stata. RESULTS The ADA Group achieved a higher incidence of psoriasis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.658, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.471-0.919]); Females achieved a higher incidence of psoriasis than males (OR = 1.941, 95%CI [1.326-2.843], P

Ptychopetalum olacoides is a folk medicinal plant for health care in market, especially in Brazil. Fourteen known compounds were isolated from P. olacoides and their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR and HR-ESI-MS. The 14 known compounds were identified as N-trans-feruloyl-3,5-dihydroxyindolin-2-one (1), magnoflorine (2), menisperine (3), 4-coumaroylserotonin (4), moschamine (5), luteolin (6), 4′-methoxyluteolin (7), 3-methoxyluteolin (8), 3, 7-dimethoxyluteolin (9), caffeic acid (10), ferulic acid (11), vanillic acid (12), syringic acid (13) and ginsenoside Re (14). To our knowledge, compounds (1–6, 13–14) were isolated from the plant for the first time. Additionally, quantitative analysis results indicated that calibration equations of compounds (1–3, 6, 9, 11–13) exhibited good linear regressions within the test ranges (R2 ≥ 0.9990) and magnoflorine and menisperine were the major constituents in the barks of P. olacoides. The contents of magnoflorine and menisperine accounted for 75.96% of all analytes. However, the content of phenolic components was smaller and the highest content was no more than 1.04 mg/g. Collectively, these results suggested that alkaloids are the dominant substances in P. olacoides, which can make a difference for the quality control and further use of P. olacoides.

According to the General Office of the State Council of China, tree peony seeds(TPSs, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) are considered an emerging source for edible oil. In Chinese folk medicine, TPSs are used for alleviating waist and leg pain. In the present study, a simple, accurate and rapid fingerprint method based on high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection(HPLC-DAD) was developed and validated to quantify the profiles of ten representative compounds in TPSs. All standard calibration curves exhibited good linearity(R 2>0.9995) in the HPLC-DAD analysis. The recovery of the standards ranged from 96.37% to 102.10%. The results show that stilbenoids are the major constituents in TPSs, and their total content ranges from 25.71 mg/g to 54.03 mg/g. Suffruticosol A, suffruticosol B, trans-e-viniferin, ampelopsin E and paeoniflorin are the major components in methanol-water(80:20, volume ratio) extracts with average contents of 3.962, 12.264, 5.826, 14.060 and 12.755 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, 14 batches of seeds collected from different regions were used to establish a reference fingerprint. Their similarity values were higher than 0.944 except for the sample(0.863) from Linxia. These results collectively indicate that the quantitative HPLC fingerprint method can serve as a prerequisite quality control for TPSs, and is a promising resource for developing new herbal or food products.

Check whether the edgewise crush resistance and bursting strength specified in GB/T6544-2008 meet the two performance indexes of corrugated board produced by Yifeng Weiye Group, which provide the basis for the standard revision. Experiments were carried out to test the edgewise crush resistance and bursting strength of single and double corrugated board, and comparative analysis of these two performance indicators with standard superior products and qualified products. The results show that the proportion of samples with minimum comprehensive quantitative of corrugated board below the standard value is larger. Under the same weight, the edgewise crush resistance is higher than the standard superior products, and the bursting strength is basically between the standard superior products and qualified products. Corrugated board produced by Yifeng Weiye Group develops to low weight and high strength. The minimum comprehensive quantitative range of GB/T6544-2008 is narrow, and the performance indicators are low. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the GB/T6544-2008 to improve the quality of corrugated board.

To study a new type of paper plastic film laminating product based on PVP and PVA and its related properties. L9 (33) orthogonal test was used to prepare PVP adhesives, in which three factors (levels) were PVP (10, 12, 14%), potassium stearate (1, 2, 3%) and glycerol concentration (8, 10, 12%). With the peel strength of PVP and PVA laminating products as the evaluation index, the optimal amount of PVP adhesive raw materials could be obtained. At the same time, the solid content and infrared spectrum of the adhesive and the thermal shrinkage rate of the laminating product were measured. The optimal amount of PVP adhesive for laminating was: 10% for PVP, 3% for potassium stearate and 12% for glycerin. The solid content of 10, 12, and 14% PVP adhesives were 55, 67 and 75%, respectively, satisfying the requirements for adhesives for laminating. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that there were interactions between the PVP molecules and glycerol hydrogen bonds, and the addition of potassium stearate and glycerin improved the performance of the PVP adhesive and enhanced its stability. With being tested by constant temperature and humidity and heat shrinkage, the samples showed no separation, shrinkage, blistering, wrinkling, warping and discoloration, and had excellent stability. In this paper, the optimum raw material dosage of PVP adhesive for laminating was obtained, and paper plastic laminatings based on PVP adhesive and PVA film were prepared.

Ytterbium doped Lu1.5Y1.5Al5O12 (LuYAG) nanocrystalline powders were synthesized by a wet chemical mixed precipitant co-precipitation (MPP) method, and then the mixed crystal of Yb:LuYAG was grown in an optical floating zone (OFZ) furnace at the speed of 6&ndash, 10 mm/h, using a [111] oriented YAG seed crystal. The transmittance of the polished LuYAG crystal is close to the ideal value of LuAG or YAG. The X-ray rocking curve shows complete symmetry and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is 10 arc-second, indicating the good quality of as grown Yb:LuYAG multicomponent garnet crystal. The thermal luminescent spectrum at room temperature shows four deep energy traps at around 1&ndash, 1.3 eV. X-ray excited luminesce (XEL) spectra is measured to characterize the existence of LuAl or YAl shadow defects in the bulk single crystal. The emission peak at around 320 nm indicates that the LuYAG crystal prepared by OFZ have lower concentrations of antisite defects (AD) with respect to its Czochralski counterpart.

Most of current packaging tape are made of non-degradable BOPP film, subsequently rendering carton recycled lose commercial value and causing a great hazard on the living environment. PVA film is known as a type of environmentally friendly material because of its excellent characteristics, e.g. water solubility and degradability. Since PVA film has strong polarity, it is necessary to coat surfactants to reduce the surface tension. In the paper, Span20, Span60, Span80 and Tween60 were coated on the other side of PVA hot-melt adhesive tape by hand. The surface tension was measured under different placement time. It measured the 180° peel strength of PVA hot-melt adhesive tape coated with surfactants in comparison to PVA hot-melt adhesive tape without surfactants and BOPP tape so that appropriate surfactants were chosen. The results show that the surfactants can reduce surface tension of the other side of PVA hot-melt adhesive tape. However, only the mass ratio of Span60 and C2H6O is between 1:5 and 1:10, the 180° peel strength of PVA hot-melt adhesive tape is the best. PVA hot-melt adhesive tape with other surfactants is stuck together when the tape is crimped or its peel strength is too small.

Background As the most frequently occurred tumor in biliary tract, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is mainly characterized by its late diagnosis and poor outcome. It is therefore urgent to identify specific genes and pathways associated with its progression and prognosis. Materials and Methods The differentially expressed genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed to build the co-expression network by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene ontology (GO) as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted for the selected genes. Module–clinical trait relationships were analyzed to explore the association with clinicopathological parameters. Log-rank tests and cox regression were used to identify the prognosis-related genes. Results The most related modules with CCA development were tan module containing 181 genes and salmon module with 148 genes. GO analysis suggested enrichment terms of digestion, hormone transport and secretion, epithelial cell proliferation, signal release, fibroblast activation, response to acid chemical, wnt, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism. KEGG analysis demonstrated 15 significantly altered pathways including glutathione metabolism, wnt, central carbon metabolism, mTOR, pancreatic secretion, protein digestion, axon guidance, retinol metabolism, insulin secretion, salivary secretion, fat digestion. Key genes of SOX2, KIT, PRSS56, WNT9A, SLC4A4, PRRG4, PANX2, PIR, RASSF8, MFSD4A, INS, RNF39, IL1R2, CST1, and PPP3CA might be potential prognostic markers for CCA, of which RNF39 and PRSS56 also showed significant correlation with clinical stage. Discussion Differentially expressed genes and key modules contributing to CCA development were identified by WGCNA. Our results offer novel insights into the characteristics in the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of CCA.

Since compute cloud is the most important part of IAAS applications, there are a number of security issues associated with it, including the threat from untrustworthy administrators who may compromise the users’ system without authorization and escape responsibility by deleting logs. Based on previous publication, ways to prevent destruction from administrators mainly fall into three broad categories: SSO(Single Sign On), administration rights distribution, log analyzing. However, any of these methods have strengths and weaknesses. In this document, we come up with a new method “Sentinel”, which combines double-check and the log mechanism and can ensure the security of the system without weakening administrators’ privileges. In our Sentinel, the administrators can only enter the management domain through a unified entrance. The Sentinel is able to detect and intersect destructive instruction and at the same time keep operation logs which are transparent to the administrators.