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Abstract Animal husbandry development is influenced by various factors, with heat stress (HS) being a significant factor. The aim of this experiment was to explore the potential of natural antioxidants such as vitamin C (VITC), vitamin E (VITE), lycopene (LYC), and allicin (AL) in enhancing growth, immune function and maintaining the redox status of fattening rabbits under HS. Male weaning rabbits (n = 150, 5 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to 5 groups. The rabbits were fed a basal diet (control group) or supplemented with 40 mg of vitamin E (VE40), 5 mg of vitamin C (VC5), 150 mg of lycopene (LYC150), or 150 mg of allicin (AL150) per kg of diet, respectively, under summer Egyptian conditions. The overall temperature humidity index (THI) value was 29.76, indicating severe HS during the experimental period. The findings indicated that all dietary supplemented groups showed significant improvements in live body weight at 8 weeks (P 0.05). The AL group had the highest dressing percentage compared to the other groups (P 0.05). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione (GSH) levels were higher in all supplement groups compared to the HS group (P

Background: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a global contagious respiratory disease of ruminants caused by Bovine Herpes virus-1(BoHV-1). It causes substantial financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide and is considered one of the most important causative agents of abortion and reproductive problems in dairy cattle. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of IBR and the related risk factors in the dairy population in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBR in bovine dairy herds in Qutur district, Gharbia governorate, Egypt from March 2023 to February 2024. A total of 12 smallholder farms and six commercial dairy farms that didn't use vaccination protocol against BoHV-1 were randomly selected. Serum samples (n = 400) were collected from 360 cattle and 40 Italian buffaloes and were subjected to evaluation of the serological status of BoHV-1 using indirect ELISA. A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the strength of the risk factors associated with the infection. Results: The overall seroprevalence of IBR was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5% - 26.9%). The prevalence of IBR in animals reared under traditional and commercial systems was 28.04% and 21.06%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of infection with IBR in winter months was significantly higher than in autumn [OR = 5.9, CI 95%: 2.22-16.16]. The seroprevalence of IBR was higher in weaned and yearling calves than in adult cattle (P- value = 0.000). The risk of exposure to IBR infection was higher in free stall houses than in tie stall houses [OR = 3.7, CI 95%: 1.11-12.35]. The risk of seropositivity to IBR was significantly higher in animals with a history of recent respiratory manifestation than those without a history of recent respiratory problems (P- value = 0.000) Conclusion: This research study revealed that IBR is prevalent among dairy cattle reared under both production systems in the Gharbia governorate. Introducing an appropriate vaccination protocol becomes inevitable to protect our dairy industries from potential economic losses due to this disease. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(11.000): 2960-2969]

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex illness that impacts the respiratory system of domestic cattle, resulting in significant financial losses for the agriculture industry. Inactivated or modified live pathogen vaccines are often used as a management tool to prevent and control BRD effectively. Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the cell-mediated immune response (CMI) induced by two commercially available polyvalent vaccines, namely the modified live (Cattle Master Gold FP) and the inactivated (CATTLEWIN-5K) vaccine. Methods: A total of 20 seronegative heifers against 4 BRD viruses, Bovine alphaherpisvirus-1 (BoAHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV BVDV-1: Pesti virus A; BVDV-2: Pesti virus B), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV3) were chosen for this study. The heifers were divided into three groups. The first group (n=6) received no vaccination and was kept as a control. The second and third groups (7 heifers each) were vaccinated twice with either a modified live (MLV) or inactivated vaccine. The gene expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) was measured using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 60th days post-vaccination. The results were compared with the control group to study the effectiveness of the vaccines. Results: There was an upregulation in the expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ in both MLV and inactivated vaccinated groups. The level of IL-6 mRNA expression was statistically increased from the 14th and 28th days post-vaccination in MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The expression level of INF-γ increased significantly from the 2nd and 4th weeks post-vaccination in the MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The mean expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ mRNAs was significantly higher in the MLV vaccine group than in the inactivated vaccine group at each examination time. Conclusion: Both investigated vaccines are efficient in stimulating CMI, particularly with the MLV vaccine showing a higher preponderance in IL-6 and INF-γ. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(8.000): 1921-1927]

The utilization of human cDNA libraries in yeast genetic screens is an approach that has been used to identify novel gene functions and/or genetic and physical interaction partners through forward genetics using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and classical cDNA library screens. Here, we summarize several challenges that have been observed during the implementation of human cDNA library screens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast). Upon the utilization of DNA repair deficient-yeast strains to identify novel genes that rescue the toxic effect of DNA-damage inducing drugs, we have observed a wide range of transcripts that could rescue the strains. However, after several rounds of screening, most of these hits turned out to be false positives, most likely due to spontaneous mutations in the yeast strains that arise as a rescue mechanism due to exposure to toxic DNA damage inducing-drugs.The observed transcripts included mitochondrial hits, non-coding RNAs, truncated cDNAs, and transcription products that resulted from the internal priming of genomic regions. We have also noticed that most cDNA transcripts are not fused with the GAL4 activation domain (GAL4AD), rendering them unsuitable for Y2H screening. Consequently, we utilized Sanger sequencing to screen 282 transcripts obtained from either four different yeast screens or through direct fishing from a human kidney cDNA library. The aim was to gain insights into the different transcription products and to highlight the challenges of cDNA screening approaches in the presence of a significant number of undesired transcription products. In summary, this study describes the challenges encountering human cDNA library screening in yeast as a valuable technique that led to the identification of important molecular mechanisms. The results open research venues to further optimize the process and increase its efficiency.

The nonlinear wave equation with acoustic and fractional boundary conditions, coupled with logarithmic source and delay terms, is notable for its capacity to model complex systems, contribute to the advancement of mathematical theory, and exhibit wide-ranging applicability to real-world problems. This paper investigates the global existence and general decay of solutions to a wave equation characterized by the inclusion of logarithmic source and delay terms, governed by both fractional and acoustic boundary conditions. The global existence of solutions is analyzed under various hypotheses, and the general decay behavior is established through the construction and application of a suitable Lyapunov function.

The results of this study showed that out of 287 individuals (135 males and 152 females) of the spider crab Menaethius monoceros collected from the Red Sea and the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, 15 individuals (6 males and 9 females) were infected with Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen & Boschma, 1925) (Polyascidae: Rhizocephala: Cirripedia: Crustacea). A total of 20 externae were recorded, including 11 singles, three doubles, and only one triple on the infected crab abdomens. The overall infection rate was 5.23% for the combined sexes at all sites, declined to 4.44% in males, but increased to 5.92% in females, reaching a higher rate of 16.07% in the populations of Marsa Alam and Shalateen sectors during summer. The examined externae have variable colors, sizes, and shapes based on their sexual maturity, which has been classified into four stages: immature or virgin, early mature, maturing, and late (spent externae). The largest number of externae was eight extruded on the 3rd abdominal segment, while it decreased to six, two, and one on the 4th, 2nd and 5th segments, respectively. The size of externae varied from 1.3 × 1.0 × 1.0 to 6.3 × 4.5 × 2.5 mm (Breadth × Height × Thickness). These results showed changes in the external secondary sexual characters of the infected males, represented by the remarkable broadness of the abdomen fringed with marginal setae and invagination of the sternum, but were limited in infected females.

Background: An ideal anti-diabetic type-1 pharmacotherapy should combine abrogation of beta cell pyroptosis with enhancement of beta cell mass. Objectives: The study investigated the potential synergism from combining the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine with liraglutide (LIR) and probiotics in mitigating Streptozocin (STZ)-induced Type1diabetes mellitus in albino rats via suppression of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling. Methods: Induction of diabetes was performed by two I.V. injections of 50 mg/kg of STZ in male Wistar rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly allocated into six groups: Normal control group; STZ -diabetic group; BCG group; BCG + LIR group; BCG + probiotic group; BCG + LIR + probiotic group. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: The STZ-diabetic group exhibited significant elevation of fasting blood sugar and HbA1c with remarkably decreased serum insulin along with a considerable increase in pancreatic proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NLRP3, IL-1β, and NFκB) and apoptotic markers (ASK-1, IAPP, TXNIP, and Caspase-3) with prominently compromised oxidative scavenging capacity in addition to structural alteration in the pancreatic histoarchitecture with decreased insulin immunostaining. Conversely, diabetic-treated groups, especially the BCG + LIR + probiotic group, were superior in amelioration of STZ-induced pyroptosis of pancreatic islets evidenced by a significant decline in inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers with a remarkable upgrade in redox balance, Furthermore, the mitigation in the altered histopathological picture of the pancreas with enhanced insulin immunostaining has been was mirrored on the significant improvement of glucose homeostasis parameters. Conclusions: Noteworthy, BCG combination with liraglutide and probiotic might be a promising repurposed therapeutic modality in the management of type-1 diabetes mellites via targeting pancreatic TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Fractional diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) models are used to describe anomalous transport phenomena in fractal porous media, where traditional diffusion models may not be applicable due to the presence of long-range dependencies and non-local behaviors. This study presents an efficient hybrid meshless method to the compute numerical solution of a two-dimensional multiterm time-fractional convection-diffusion equation. The proposed meshless method employs multiquadric-cubic radial basis functions for the spatial derivatives, and the Liouville-Caputo derivative technique is used for the time derivative portion of the model equation. The accuracy of the method is evaluated using error norms, and a comparison is made with the exact solution. The numerical results demonstrate that the suggested approach achieves better accuracy and computationally efficient performance.

The problem of existence and uniqueness of nonlinear Goursat is studied by Claude Wagschal in different spaces: holomorphic spaces, partially holomorphic, continuous-Gevrey and Gevrey-holomorphic. In this paper, we replace the sequence (n!)d−1 in the case Gevery with suitable sequence (Mn) in the case Carleman. After that, we study the problem of existence and uniqueness of nonlinear Goursat problem in Denjoy–Carleman space.

This research aims to study the key productive, economic, and consumption variables that impact the production of fava beans during the period (2000-2021). It also involves comparing the alternative opportunities for fava bean crops with competing crops in the winter season during the period (2019-2021). Additionally, it examines the most important proposals for expanding fava bean cultivation in Egypt. The study includes forecasting to identify the future expectations for the productive and consumption indicators of fava bean crops during the period (2022-2030). It also analyzes the product's price-to-world price ratio and the marketing margin for fava beans during the period (2000-2021. The results indicate that the cultivated area for fava beans reached its maximum of around 334,000 acres in 2001 and its minimum of about 70,000 acres in 2019, which represents a decrease of approximately 264,000 acres, or 78.7% of the maximum, and around 161% of the average, which is 164,000 acres. When comparing the pound return for fava bean crops in Egypt with the main competing crops in the winter season during the period (2019-2021), the results show that the net return for crops such as winter tomatoes, chickpeas, sustainable barley, winter onions, winter garlic, and lentils amounted to 381,237,161,243,224, and 897 Egyptian pounds respectively, as an average during the mentioned period. The expected post-harvest production reached around 309,000 tons, while the projected self-sufficiency rate is expected to be around 44.6.

Abstract Background Sternomental displacement (SMDD) is a surrogate indicator for cervical spine (C-spine) mobility. SMDD revealed good potential to predict difficult airway, but its validity in obese patients is not evident. Therefore, this study assessed the performance of SMDD with neck circumference (NC) in predicting difficult airway in obese surgical patients. The study involved 135 adult patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia with endotracheal tubes (ETT) inserted using Macintosh laryngoscopes. The airway was assessed using SMDD, NC, and modified Mallampati test (MMT). Difficult laryngoscopy view (DLV) was defined as Cormack–Lehane (C-L) grade ≥ 3. The accuracy of the SMDD in predicting DLV was set as the primary endpoint, while the accuracy of the SMDD compared to that of NC, MMT, and NC/SMDD ratio in predicting difficult airway was set as the secondary endpoint. Results The DLV cases were 28 of 135 (20.7%), with a mean BMI of 41.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2. SMDD 43 cm could predict DLV with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.97 and 0.83 respectively. SMDD and NC had a good negative correlation (r = − 0.6; 95% CI = 0.7 to 0.4; p = 0.0001). The NC/SMDD ratio had the best prediction for DLV (AUROC of 0.98 at a cut-off value > 7.8). Conclusions In obese surgical patients, SMDD and NC/SMDD ratios are excellent predictors for DLV when the cut-off values are 7.8, respectively. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04524546. Registered in August 2020.

Phytochemical nanoemulsions, such as thymoquinone nanoemulsions (TQN), are regarded as innovative alternatives to antimicrobials that significantly improve the performance, digestion, antioxidant potential and immunity of rabbits. Thus, the potential effects of TQN on growth, digestibility, antioxidant potential, immunity and resistance against Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) in rabbits were assessed. Herein, 240 rabbits were offered either a basal diet or diets fortified with three TQN-graded concentrations. At 60 days of age, rabbits were challenged with multidrug-resistant (MDR) virulent P. multocida strain. Our outcomes described that dietary inclusion of TQN, especially at higher concentrations, significantly enhanced the growth performance of rabbits, which was supported by increasing the levels of jejunal lipase, amylase and trypsin enzymes. Of note, the levels of muscle and jejunal antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)], serum immunological markers (IgG, IgG, IgM and total Igs) and blood phagocytic percentage were significantly provoked after TQN fortification; meanwhile, the levels of muscle and jejunal MDA, serum biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, TG and LDL), abdominal fat percentage, breast and thigh cholesterol were significantly decreased following TQN supplementations. Our findings showed that TQN protected rabbits against P. multocida experimental challenge as evidenced by reducing P. multocida counts in rabbits’ lungs, downregulating the transcription levels of P. multocida virulence-related genes (ptfA, toxA and nanB) at 48 and 96 h post-infection and ameliorating the expression levels of cytokines-related genes (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, DEFB1, TNF-α, TLR-4 and TLR-2) at 96 h post-infection. Our findings suggest the utilization of TQN in rabbits’ diets due to their stimulating effects on digestibility as well as their growth-promoting, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-virulence and immunostimulant properties, which enhance the rabbits’ P. multocida resistance.

This study aims to investigate the effect of cold (5 ± 2 °C) and ambient (33 ± 2 °C) storage conditions on the storage quality of anchovy fish (Engraulis encrasicolus) sauce. Fish samples were obtained from Qarun Lake, Egypt, during the summer of 2019. They were dry-salted with a salt content of 20% (w/w) and stored at a range of 28–32 °C for 60 days. Plain sauce was treated with 0.1% of garlic (Allium sativum), black seed (Nigella sativa), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) extracts, and stored at different conditions. The results showed that the plain sauce had a pH of 6.17, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) of 72.23 mg/100 ml, free amino nitrogen (FAN) of 12.86 mg/100 ml, acid value (AV) of 0.63 mg KOH/ml oil, and free fatty acids (FFAs) of 0.66 mg/100 ml. Fish sauce with garlic was the best compared to others based on sensory evaluation. With regard to the effect of storage conditions on the efficacy of plant extracts, it was found that at 33 ± 2 °C jojoba, black seed and rosemary extracts controlled most quality indices, whereas at 5 ± 2 °C all extracts were more effective in controlling the quality indices of the anchovy sauce. In conclusion, this study suggests that plant extracts especially under cold storage could improve the storage quality and extended shelf life of anchovy sauce. In general, both storage conditions and periods affected the protein and lipid hydrolysis of the fish sauce samples. Fish sauce is safe for human consumption based on the international permissible values. In addition, the resultant dried cake can be exploited in the field of food industry as a value-added product.

Background Airway assessment before anaesthesia in the elderly is crucial. The delay in endotracheal intubation in this age group can lead to fatal consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of sternomental displacement (SMDD) as a predictor of difficult airway in the elderly and to compare it with the thyromental height test (TMHT).Methods This study included 150 patients aged > 65 years old, ASA i–iii, who were scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation using conventional laryngoscopy. Cormack–lehane grades iii and iv were assigned as difficult laryngoscopy (DL). Difficult intubation (DI) was defined as insertion of endotracheal tube required more than two attempts or 10 minutes. The primary outcome was the AUROC curve for the SMDD as a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy.Results 14% of our patients showed DL, while 4.7% had DI. SMDD was a good predictor for DL with 0.692 AUC (95% ci: 0.611 − 0.765) at a cut-off value of ≤35 mm, with 71.43% sensitivity, 59.69% specificity, 22.4% PPV and 92.8% NPV. TMHT showed good prediction for DL with 0.794 AUC (95% ci: 0.721–0.856) at a cut-off value of ≤ 49.5 mm. For predicting DI, SMDD showed AUROC (95% ci): 0.814 (0.743–0.873) at a cut-off value ≤35 mm and TMHT had AUROC (95% ci): 0.719 (0.640–0.790) at a cut-off value ≤ 49.5 mm.Conclusion SMDD and TMHT are good objective predictors for DL and di in elderly surgical patients.

This work discusses the numerical investigation of dust deposition behaviour on solar PV panels. Moreover, installing vortex generators (VGs) as a passive cleaning method on the PV panels is introduced and analysed. Multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to predict the influence of VGs on both the air flow fields and the dust deposition on the basis of the environmental properties of Cairo, Egypt. The dust deposition reduction is predicted for different dust particle sizes and for different VGs sizes to find the optimum VG size that causes the highest reduction. It is found that installing VGs is effective for dust particles that are smaller than 50 µm. The results show that installing VGs will result in a deposition reduction of about 35%. It is concluded that installing VGs is effective in reducing the dust deposition when wind direction is from north, south, east, or west.