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This paper presents a study on the perceptions of primary school teachers regarding their knowledge, usefulness, and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education. Likewise, the relationship between sex, age, working time and the educational center in which it is found with the perceptions about ICT is obtained. To answer these questions, a battery of 14 categorical closed questions is designed, divided into four blocks: socio-demographic information; knowledge of ICT; usefulness of ICT; and use of ICT. In the context of measuring the knowledge, usefulness and use of ICT in education, the novelty of this work relies on the design of an indicator for each of the ICT-related blocks following the methodology of Human Development Indicators created by the United Nations Development Program. In this research, 119 teachers from Spanish primary schools were chosen as the study sample to answer the questions' battery. The results show a direct relationship between knowledge, usefulness, and use, although not significant. Although teachers are aware of the usefulness of ICT, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of technological tools for planning teaching in blended or distance learning lessons, this does not mean teachers have a greater knowledge of ICT. In addition, the findings indicate a greater knowledge by teachers in public schools, which contrasts with the finding that teachers in grant-assisted schools make the most use of ICT and find it the most useful. Finally, it is also suggested that the study's methodology and approach could be applied to other contexts or countries.

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study. In 2021, the C118Y strain was detected in the Northern production area, and was predominant in 2022. However, in 2023, the C118Y strain was unexpectedly detected in fewer spotted wilt samples from resistant varieties. This was due to emergence of the T120N RB strain, previously known to occur in Spain. A specific RT-PCR test was developed and used to show that the T120N RB strain was predominant in Colusa and Sutter counties (detected in 75-80% of samples), and detected in ~50% of samples from Yolo County. Pathogenicity tests confirmed California isolates of the T120N strain infected Sw-5b tomato varieties and induced severe symptoms. Another RB strain, C118F, was associated with spotted wilt samples of Sw-5 varieties from fresh market tomato production in southern California. Phylogenetic analyses with complete NSm sequences revealed that the C118Y and T120N RB strains infecting resistant processing tomato in California emerged locally, whereas those from fresh market production were more closely related to isolates from Mexico. Thus, widespread deployment of this single dominant resistance gene in California has driven the local emergence of multiple RB strains in different tomato production areas and types. These results further emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring for RB strains, and identification of sources of resistance to these strains.

Scaling up the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) for autism across service sectors and regions has presented a considerable challenge indicating a clear need for continued development. The California Autism Professional Training and Information Network (CAPTAIN) integrates implementation drivers into specific procedures and methodology as an implementation strategy to support statewide scale up. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of CAPTAIN on provider-level outcomes including attitude toward, and knowledge, fidelity and use of autism EBPs, and overall classroom quality. Overall, results indicated variability across measures, with some significant differences between CAPTAIN-trained and non-CAPTAIN-trained providers. CAPTAIN-trained providers reported more openness to EBP. Significantly more CAPTAIN-trained direct service providers reported collecting fidelity of implementation data (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1515) = 10.95, p = 0.004), collecting student data (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1509) = 14.19, p = 0.001), and reported using their primary EBP with "most or all students" (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1514) = 11.41, p = 0.003) than providers not trained by CAPTAIN. In summary, these preliminary findings show promise for the efficacy of the CAPTAIN model to increase dissemination and implementation of EBP at the classroom level.

The Philippines has imported 93% (550,000 MT) of its annual salt requirement in 2020. Such heavy reliance on salt importation may be attributed to the two decades of neglect and steady downward production trend of the local salt industry. There is a need to increase local salt production because Filipinos consume salt on a daily basis for over 14,000 uses, ranging from being a household commodity to being utilized for agricultural and industrial processes. It is therefore imperative to increase the number of areas allocated for local salt production. In this study, a suitability analysis for solar salt farm operations in Pangasinan was conducted using geospatial data and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Physical land variables (slope, land cover, distance from coastline, distance from river, and soil texture) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed) were considered to assess the suitability of an area for salt production. Results showed that meteorological factors (62.5%) outweigh the physical land variables (37.5%) by a 25% margin, suggesting the heavy influence of climate on salt production. 4629.88 km2 (or 86.6% of the total land area of Pangasinan) was identified to be suitable for salt production with 496.01 km2 (9.5%) being moderately suitable and 3800.87 km2 (77.1%) being rated as low. The moderately suitable areas were validated using existing salt farm locations in two sites, Dasol and Alaminos City, and showed 62.13% and 28.06% overlapping areas, respectively. The main explanation for these relatively low percentage figures is the gaps in the output suitability map due to the slope and soil datasets. The concentration of the moderately suitable areas is situated along coastal municipalities of Pangasinan including Bolinao, Dasol, Alaminos City, Sual, Agno, Labrador, Infanta, San Fabian, Anda, and Bani. The findings of this study can help policymakers, relevant government agencies and stakeholders in the planning process of revitalizing the salt industry by expanding existing salt farms or constructing new ones in Pangasinan.

La capacidad de innovación de un país contribuye a mejorar su posición competitiva, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la capacidad de innovación en México y su posicionamiento a nivel mundial. En metodología se realizó un análisis multivariado de análisis de clúster para clasificar 109 países en función al Índice de Competitividad Global, posteriormente a través del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se diseñó un modelo estadístico de la relación funcional de México con respecto al constructo de capacidad de innovación. Los resultados derivan en una contribución significativa porque se realiza un mapeo de las economías clasificándolas en cinco clústeres y para el caso de México se obtiene un modelo de la capacidad de innovación explicada por cinco variables: población que usa internet, artículos científicos y técnicos, patentes, gasto en investigación y desarrollo en porcentaje del producto interno bruto e Investigadores. En conclusión, este artículo provee un panorama comparativo del desempeño de los países evaluados, además modela la capacidad de innovación de México. Estos hallazgos representan un diagnóstico para el diseño o mejora de las políticas públicas que fomenten la innovación y competitividad.

A partir de estudios previos de investigación, surge la necesidad de aplicar técnicas de simulación de operaciones en las micro rutas de aprovechamiento del servicio público de aseo de Sogamoso. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar las operaciones en el proceso de transporte, selección y clasificación de residuos sólidos aprovechables para estudios posteriores poder evaluar la rentabilidad económica de las micro rutas que optimice el manejo de los residuos desde la fuente hasta los transformadores finales. La gestión sostenible de los residuos, el uso eficiente de los recursos y la participación ciudadana en la prevención y valorización, se alinean con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS 11 y 12). La población de estudio son los recicladores de oficio de la red de aprovechamiento de servicio público de aseo en Sogamoso, quienes conocen la información necesaria de caracterización de las operaciones para apuntar los resultados hacia el aseguramiento de la gestión sostenible de residuos con la participación ciudadana en la prevención y valorización de los residuos que se producen en la ciudad de Sogamoso.

Rhus aromatica inhabits humid oak and oakpine forests in the State of Michoacán (Mexico). The fruit of R. aromatica is edible and is traditionally used in the preparation of soft drinks, ice pops, ice creams and ‘atole’. The objective of the present investigation was to carry out a physical and chemical characterization and analysis of the antioxidant capacity of fruit. For the physical characterization, the equatorial and longitudinal diameter, weight and percentage of pulp were determined. In the chemical characterization, a proximal analysis was carried out, quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids was performed, and the antioxidant capacity was determined. The results showed that the fruit had a longitudinal diameter of 6.58 ± 1.02 mm, an equatorial diameter of 7.17 ± 0.66, a weight of 55.22 ± 5.47 mg, and a 40 % pulp proportion. The chemical characterization analysis indicated 8.7 % moisture, 30.6 % lipids, 8.7 % proteins, 29.4 % total sugars, 3.8 % ashes and 18.7 % crude fibre, 3.1 °Brix, pH 3.1, 1.92 % acidity total and a caloric intake of 4.27 kcal/g. The polyphenol content was higher in 60 % ethanol extracts with 88.6 ± 50.89 mg EAG/g; for flavonoids from extracts with 100 % acetone, it was 26.52 ± 0.65 mg EQ/g, and the total carotenoid content was 46.37 mg/100 g. The total antioxidant activity was higher in extracts with 80 % acetone, with 87.17 % inhibition of the DPPH radical and 90 % inhibition of ABTS without showing a significant difference with the different solvents used. The lowest IC50 values were presented in 100 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts for the DPPH radical and for the ABTS radical were the 80 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts. The lipid, protein, carotenoid, and polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacity of the fruit of R. aromatica were as high as those of other fruits consumed in the human diet.

El presente artículo parte de una petición singular de la Revista Sociología del Trabajo. Se nos propuso a un grupo de sociólogos y sociólogas del trabajo realizar un viaje en el tiempo para observar desde una perspectiva reflexiva el proceso de producción de nuestras tesis doctorales. Esta genial proposición ayudará a esclarecer a nuevas personas que se internen en la investigación social por azar, posibilidad o convencimiento, las dificultades, aprendizajes y, sobre todo, las transformaciones personales y comunitarias que supone tal experiencia vital. El texto que pueden leer a continuación está escrito en primera persona, es un ejercicio de desnudez que parte del convencimiento de la importancia central de comprender la interrelación entre las condiciones de posibilidad, el origen social y el proceso de aprendizaje del autor y el producto científico de su trabajo y dedicación. Se trata de una tesis sobre las estrategias de reproducción social y las condiciones laborales de un territorio del sur de Europa donde la eventualidad laboral y la incertidumbre vital son las normas que condicionan las estrategias de reproducción social de la clase trabajadora. A riesgo de parecer presuntuoso, deseo que esta contribución ayude a seguir creciendo la disciplina de la sociología del trabajo a la que tanto debo.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto del efecto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el comportamiento del crecimiento y la rentabilidad empresarial en Colombia. Para lograrlo, se empleó un método de análisis de datos financieros provenientes de 850 empresas colombianas, utilizando un enfoque de datos panel y aplicando el modelo estadístico de efectos fijos y primeras diferencias. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron la relación existente entre la rentabilidad y el crecimiento empresarial. Además, no se encontraron indicios de una codependencia entre estas variables, ya que tal relación depende de los aspectos particulares de cada contexto. Se observaron impactos tanto positivos como negativos provocados por la COVID-19 en las variables analizadas. Las discusiones posteriores al análisis coinciden con otros estudios al destacar la correspondencia entre la rentabilidad y el crecimiento empresarial. Asimismo, se señala que si bien la mayoría de los impactos de esta pandemia presentan similitudes, varían según el contexto específico de cada empresa. La magnitud de ellos se relaciona con la eficiencia de las respuestas ofrecidas por los gobiernos como por las propias empresas. Estos factores influyen en la interpretación de los resultados y sus implicaciones. En conclusión, este estudio resalta la importancia de profundizar en modelos que permitan cuantificar de manera precisa los impactos de la enfermedad en la rentabilidad y el crecimiento empresarial. Además, se subraya la necesidad de continuar estudiando las tendencias en estas variables, con el objetivo de comprender mejor los efectos a largo plazo en el entorno empresarial colombiano.

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad analizar la figura del peritaje ambiental como herramienta probatoria vinculante a las actuales dinámicas del derecho procesal colombiano como un medio para poder garantizar la sostenibilidad del Estado. Es a partir de esto que se puede comprender que la misma, como un medio de prueba se aleja de la clásica concepción que existe sobre los meros aspectos técnicos que trae consigo un peritaje sobre esta área. Lo anterior debido principalmente a que las bases sobre las que se cimienta el peritaje ambiental son multidisciplinarias y su enfoque busca precisamente primar la sostenibilidad sobre cualquier aspecto, esto debido a que la prueba permite allegar aspectos conexos y transversales al medio ambiente, de manera que le otorgaría a un operador de justicia la información suficiente para que su fallo sea lo menos gravoso posible al entorno, el ambiente y todos los demás elementos que componen la sociedad. Por lo tanto, se llegó a la conclusión que el peritaje ambiental si resulta en un medio idóneo para poder efectivizar la sostenibilidad no solo del medio ambiente en sí, sino también de las propias decisiones judiciales del Estado colombiano.

BackgroundThe increase in the number of autistic children being identified has led to increased demand on public schools to provide high-quality services. Effectively scaling up evidence-based practice (EBP) use for autistic students is challenging, given the complicated organization of special education. Teachers have significant challenges implementing autism EBP with fidelity. Factors such as implementation leadership and climate and attitudes toward EBP are linked to successful EBP use and may vary at different levels of the education system. Examining mechanisms of successful implementation is a critical step to support scale-up.MethodIn this observational study, conducted from September 2018 to March 2020, California school personnel (n = 2273) at multiple levels of the system completed surveys related to implementation climate, leadership, and attitudes toward EBP. Data were collected throughout California at the Special Education Local Plan Areas, County Office of Education, and district and school levels from educators and administrators working in public schools supporting autistic students. Multi-level modeling was conducted to characterize implementation readiness.ResultsOverall, implementation climate and leadership scores are low across levels with regional levels rated more positively than districts or schools. Attitudes toward EBP were moderate, with those working in schools having the poorest ratings and specialists/trainers and related service providers (e.g., speech-language pathologists) having the highest ratings.ConclusionsOutcomes provide a unique opportunity to compare implementation factors across organizational levels with a large, statewide sample. These data provide guidance for developing implementation interventions at multiple levels of the education system to increase readiness for effective scale-up of autism EBP in schools. Personnel and leaders at different organizational levels may need differentiated training targeting improved implementation climate and leadership. Personnel within districts and schools may experience a particular benefit from leadership support for EBP implementation.

Public programs have been charged with implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to improve outcomes for children with autism. However, research indicates that scale-up of EBPs poses challenges. This study identifies perceived variables linked to effective statewide scale-up of EBPs in special education by exploring implementation climate and leadership across special education organization types (e.g., schools, districts, and regional consortiums). A simultaneous QUAL + QUAN mixed methods design was employed with the primary function of convergence and triangulation. Data were drawn from focus groups with 30 special educators and a statewide survey completed by 656 school personnel in one U.S. state. In general, perceptions of implementation climate and leadership are weak in special education organizations, with strengths at regional levels focused on special education and increased challenges at the school and district levels. Implications for practice and future research are identified.

Abstract Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder among people of all ages, with the highest prevalence in the fertile years, and in women. Migraine impacts the quality of life of affected individuals tremendously and, in addition, it is associated with highly prevalent metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction. Also, the clinical response to drugs might be affected in patients with metabolic disease due to body composition and metabolic change. Therefore, the efficacy of antimigraine drugs could be altered in patients with both migraine and metabolic disease. However, knowledge of the pharmacology and the related clinical effects of antimigraine drugs in patients with metabolic disease are limited. Therefore, and given the clinical relevance, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and hypotheses related to the influence of metabolic state and body composition on the action of antimigraine drugs. In addition, the influence of antimigraine drugs on metabolic functioning and, vice versa, the influence of metabolic diseases and its hormonal modulating medication on migraine activity is outlined. Future exploration on personalizing migraine treatment to individual characteristics is necessary to enhance therapeutic strategies, especially given its increasing significance in recent decades.

Micro-earthquakes are frequently associated with volcanic activity and are vital indicators of volcanic processes. These minor seismic events occur within or near volcanic systems, yielding valuable insights into subsurface activities. Geologists meticulously record and analyze these events to monitor volcanoes and forecast eruptions. While recent years have seen several studies proposing automated detection and classification systems of seismic events, approaches based on Manifold Learning techniques could be beneficial in terms of information interpretability and transfer learning to other Machine Learning tasks. This paper presents a novel approach employing audio features and psychoacoustic scales to represent micro-earthquakes at Cotopaxi and Llaima Volcanoes, and these representations are then transformed into low-dimensional latent spaces. We implemented a multi-class classification system for events generated by these volcanoes, incorporating feature selection techniques based on audio-inspired features. This approach enhances the detection of volcanic phenomena triggering eruptions and improves interpretability. Our results indicated high accuracy, with rates of 94.44% for Llaima Volcano and 95.45% for Cotopaxi Volcano when utilizing mutual information to select the most relevant features. Spectral Roll-off Point and Spectral Flux dominate in classifying events for both volcanoes. These findings suggest that low-dimensional latent spaces, particularly when utilizing spectral features, can be a promising foundation for developing transfer learning schemes in general, and new multi-class classification systems in particular, for detecting volcanic micro-earthquakes.

In its construction and exploration of border identities expressed through several tongues Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987) by Gloria Anzaldúa is a ground-breaking text. Anzaldúa’s particular use of multilingualism poses a gripping challenge in terms of translation. 36 years after its publication, the German translation will finally make this text available to readers in German. This article circulates the Translators’ Notes to Borderlands/La Frontera, entitled “Grenzen übersetzen, translatorisches Handeln, Brückensprachen schaffen” [Translating Borders, Translational Agency, Bridging Language”], of our collective translation by Chaka. The objective of this article is two-fold. Firstly, it shows the vitality of the Translators’ Notes as an enunciative device that takes responsibility for the construction of meaning and subjectivity in the translated text. In so doing, the Translators’ Notes expound some of the key processes and concepts involved in conducting our translation while explaining our strategies that seek to undermine homogenizing tendencies by drawing on central features of Anzaldúa’s texts, namely allowing multilingualism, ambiguity and contradictions. Secondly, the article will explore to what extent it is this feature, Anzaldúa’s use of multilingualism, that makes her text such an important contribution to queer theory much before the academic rise of queer studies.

En este trabajo se presenta una investigación cualitativa sobre los contornos de las experiencias de infancias en contextos rural-indígena y urbanos en México, creando relatos en diálogo, producto de diferentes registros gráficos y de infancias evocadas. Nuestra intención se centra en indagar acerca de los procesos de las experiencias rural y urbana a partir de los elementos cualitativos que las configuran, como forma de concebir a los mundos de vida de los niños, desde un análisis procesual contrastivo-comparativo, a partir del análisis de los referentes sobre la naturaleza y la vida (bio/epistémicos), presentes en sus experiencias en tres elementos-indicios-concepciones: visibilidad y sus fronteras: calle y veredas; el agua; el cielo; y, elementos que configuran las experiencias infantiles y que se interrelacionan con procesos de reproducción de patrones moderno-coloniales. Al cierre se invita a una reflexión filosófico-política descolonizadora.

Enhancing the economic and environmental efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) management is crucial for transitioning to a circular economy and achieving cost-efficient and sustainable waste practices. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach to examine the influence of MSW recycling on waste performance over multiple years. We employ a non-parametric method to assess and compare the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) and the Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index (MLPI) across 143 municipalities in Chile from 2015 to 2019. The findings reveal a positive trend in both MPI and MLPI. The average eco-productivity change (MLPI) is relatively lower than the average productivity change (MPI) throughout the evaluated years. The aggregated scores for MPI and MLPI between 2015 and 2019 stand at 2.73 and 1.33, respectively. The primary driver of productivity change is attributed to technical advancements, leading to a shift in the efficient frontier, while eco-productivity change predominantly arises from efficiency enhancements. This implies that municipalities have employed diverse strategies to enhance their economic and environmental performance. The results and implications of this study hold significance for policymakers at regional and local levels, offering valuable insights for optimising MSW management within the context of a circular economy.