Search

Your search keyword '"Melissa Trainer"' showing total 15 results
Start Over Author "Melissa Trainer"
15 results on '"Melissa Trainer"'

1. Science Autonomy and Space Science: Application to the ExoMars Mission

Author

Victoria Da Poian, Eric Lyness, Ryan Danell, Xiang Li, Bethany Theiling, Melissa Trainer, Desmond Kaplan, and William Brinckerhoff

Subjects
science autonomy, planetary science exploration, decision-making, machine learning, data science, exomars, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

A machine learning approach for analyzing data from the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument has been developed in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of this analysis and serves as a case study for the use of machine learning tools for space missions. MOMA is part of the science payload aboard the ExoMars rover, Rosalind Franklin, currently planned to land on Mars in 2023. Most NASA robotic space missions return only one thing: data. Remote planetary missions continue to produce more data as mission ambitions and instrument capabilities grow, yet the investigations are still limited by available bandwidth to transmit data back to Earth. To maximize the value of each bit, instruments need to be highly selective about which data are prioritized for return to Earth, as compression and transmission of the full data volume is often not feasible. The fundamental goal is to enable the concept of science autonomy, where instruments perform selected onboard science data analyses and then act upon those analyses through self-adjustment and tuning of instrument parameters. In this paper, we discuss the motivations, as well as related work on the use of machine learning for space missions. We also present a first step toward this vision of science autonomy for space science missions. This proof-of-concept exercise for the MOMA instrument aims to develop tools, used on Earth, to support Martian operations of the ExoMars mission. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of this implementation, as well as lessons learned and approaches that could be used for future space science missions.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Planetary Mass Spectrometry for Agnostic Life Detection in the Solar System

Author

Luoth Chou, Paul Mahaffy, Melissa Trainer, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Ricardo Arevalo, William Brinckerhoff, Stephanie Getty, Natalie Grefenstette, Victoria Da Poian, G. Matthew Fricke, Christopher P. Kempes, Jeffrey Marlow, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Heather Graham, and Sarah Stewart Johnson

Subjects
mass spectrometry, life detection, agnostic biosignatures, planetary exploration, astrobiology, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

For the past fifty years of space exploration, mass spectrometry has provided unique chemical and physical insights on the characteristics of other planetary bodies in the Solar System. A variety of mass spectrometer types, including magnetic sector, quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap, have and will continue to deepen our understanding of the formation and evolution of exploration targets like the surfaces and atmospheres of planets and their moons. An important impetus for the continuing exploration of Mars, Europa, Enceladus, Titan, and Venus involves assessing the habitability of solar system bodies and, ultimately, the search for life—a monumental effort that can be advanced by mass spectrometry. Modern flight-capable mass spectrometers, in combination with various sample processing, separation, and ionization techniques enable sensitive detection of chemical biosignatures. While our canonical knowledge of biosignatures is rooted in Terran-based examples, agnostic approaches in astrobiology can cast a wider net, to search for signs of life that may not be based on Terran-like biochemistry. Here, we delve into the search for extraterrestrial chemical and morphological biosignatures and examine several possible approaches to agnostic life detection using mass spectrometry. We discuss how future missions can help ensure that our search strategies are inclusive of unfamiliar life forms.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Revealing the Mysteries of Venus: The DAVINCI Mission

Author

James B Garvin, Stephanie A Getty, Giada N Arney, Natasha M Johnson, Erika Kohler, Kenneth O Schwer, Michael Sekerak, Arlin Bartels, Richard S Saylor, Vincent E Elliot, Colby S Goodloe, Matthew B Garrison, Valeria Cottini, Noam Izenberg, Ralph Lorenz, Charles A Malespin, Michael Ravine, Christopher R Webster, David H Atkinson, Shahid Aslam, Sushil Atreya, Brent J Bos, William B Brinckerhoff, Bruce Campbell, David Crisp, Justin R Filiberto, Francois Forget, Martha Gilmore, Nicolas Gorius, David Grinspoon, Amy E Hofmann, Stephen R Kane, Walter Kiefer, Sebastien Lebonnois, Paul R Mahaffy, Alexander Pavlov, Melissa Trainer, Kevin J Zahnle, and Mikhail Zolotov

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging (DAVINCI) mission described herein has been selected for flight to Venus as part of the NASA Discovery Program. DAVINCI will be the first mission to Venus to incorporate science driven flybys and an instrumented descent sphere into a unified architecture. The anticipated scientific outcome will be a new understanding of the atmosphere, surface, and evolutionary path of Venus as a possibly once-habitable planet and analog to hot terrestrial exoplanets. The primary mission design for DAVINCI as selected features a preferred launch in summer/fall 2029, two flybys in 2030, and descent sphere atmospheric entry by the end of 2031. The in situ atmospheric descent phase subsequently delivers definitive chemical and isotopic composition of the Venus atmosphere during an atmospheric transect above Alpha Regio. These in situ investigations of the atmosphere and near infrared descent imaging of the surface will complement remote flyby observations of the dynamic atmosphere, cloud deck, and surface near infrared emissivity. The overall mission yield will be at least 60 Gbits (compressed) new data about the atmosphere and near surface, as well as the first unique characterization of the deep atmosphere environment and chemistry, including trace gases, key stable isotopes, oxygen fugacity, constraints on local rock compositions, and topography of a tessera.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Methane vertical profile in Titan’s atmosphere

Author

Thomas Gautier, Joseph Serigano, Koyena Das, Maélie Coutelier, Sarah Hörst, Sandrine Vinatier, Cyril Szopa, and Melissa Trainer

Abstract

More than a decade after the arrival of the Cassini-Huygens mission in Saturn’s system, data returned by the Huygens probe during its descent remain a unique source of in-situ information on the lower atmosphere of Titan. Among the Huygens instrumental suite was the GCMS (Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer) instrument which returned hundreds of mass spectra acquired in the atmosphere below 145 km of altitude. We will present a reanalysis of GCMS data focusing on the methane vertical profile thanks to recent advances in our knowledge of Titan’s atmosphere and in mass spectrometry data treatment [1-3]. We retrieved methane mixing ratio slightly lower than the one reported by the original team[4] and obtained its profile between 145 km and 30 km of altitude with a kilometric vertical resolution, and a sub-kilometric one between 30 km and the surface. Such a vertical resolution unveiled clear oscillations in the methane mixing ratio in Titan’s troposphere and methane vertical concentration diverging from an ideal adiabat. Such features could for example be a sign of small-scale convective zones in the troposphere which could have triggered the gravity waves detected by Huygens in the stratosphere. We hope that the discovery of previously unnoticed features in GCMS data will also enable the reanalysis of data returned by other Huygens instruments such as HASI and DISR on Titan lower atmosphere. [1] Gautier et al. Decomposition of electron ionization mass spectra for space application using a Monte-Carlo approach. Rapid. Com. Mass Spec. 34(8), e8659 (2020) [2] Serigano et al. Compositional measurements of Saturn’s upper atmosphere and rings from Cassini INMS. JGR:Planets, 125 (8), E006427 (2020) [3] Serigano et al. Compositional Measurements of Saturn’s Upper Atmosphere and Rings from Cassini INMS: An extended Analysis of Measurements from Cassini’s Grand Finale Orbits. JGR:Planets, 127, E007238 (2022) [4] Niemann et al. Composition of Titan’s lower atmosphere and simple surface volatiles as measured by the Cassini-Huygens probe gas chromatograph mass spectrometer experiment. JGR 115, E12006, 2010

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Revealing the Mysteries of Venus: The DAVINCI Mission

Author

James B. Garvin, Stephanie A. Getty, Giada N. Arney, Natasha M. Johnson, Erika Kohler, Kenneth O. Schwer, Michael Sekerak, Arlin Bartels, Richard S. Saylor, Vincent E. Elliott, Colby S. Goodloe, Matthew B. Garrison, Valeria Cottini, Noam Izenberg, Ralph Lorenz, Charles A. Malespin, Michael Ravine, Christopher R. Webster, David H. Atkinson, Shahid Aslam, Sushil Atreya, Brent J. Bos, William B. Brinckerhoff, Bruce Campbell, David Crisp, Justin R. Filiberto, Francois Forget, Martha Gilmore, Nicolas Gorius, David Grinspoon, Amy E. Hofmann, Stephen R. Kane, Walter Kiefer, Sebastien Lebonnois, Paul R. Mahaffy, Alexander Pavlov, Melissa Trainer, Kevin J. Zahnle, and Mikhail Zolotov

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging (DAVINCI) mission described herein has been selected for flight to Venus as part of the NASA Discovery Program. DAVINCI will be the first mission to Venus to incorporate science-driven flybys and an instrumented descent sphere into a unified architecture. The anticipated scientific outcome will be a new understanding of the atmosphere, surface, and evolutionary path of Venus as a possibly once-habitable planet and analog to hot terrestrial exoplanets. The primary mission design for DAVINCI as selected features a preferred launch in summer/fall 2029, two flybys in 2030, and descent sphere atmospheric entry by the end of 2031. The in situ atmospheric descent phase subsequently delivers definitive chemical and isotopic composition of the Venus atmosphere during a cloud-top to surface transect above Alpha Regio. These in situ investigations of the atmosphere and near infrared descent imaging of the surface will complement remote flyby observations of the dynamic atmosphere, cloud deck, and surface near infrared emissivity. The overall mission yield will be at least 60 Gbits (compressed) new data about the atmosphere and near surface, as well as first unique characterization of the deep atmosphere environment and chemistry, including trace gases, key stable isotopes, oxygen fugacity, constraints on local rock compositions, and topography of a tessera., Comment: 41 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Science Autonomy and Intelligent Systems on the ExoMars Mission

Author

Victoria Da Poian, Eric Lyness, Melissa Trainer, Xiang Li, William Brinckerhoff, and Ryan Danell

Abstract

The majority of planetary missions return only one thing: data. The volume of data returned from distant planets is typically minuscule compared to Earth-based investigations, volume decreasing further from more distant solar system missions. Meanwhile, the data produced by planetary science instruments continue to grow along with mission ambitions. Moreover, the time required for decisional data to reach science and operations teams on Earth, and for commands to be sent, also increases with distance. To maximize the value of each bit, within these mission time and volume constraints, instruments need to be selective about what they send back to Earth. We envision instruments that analyze science data onboard, such that they can adjust and tune themselves, select the next operations to be run without requiring ground-in-the-loop, and transmit home only the most interesting or time-critical data. Recent developments have demonstrated the tremendous potential of robotic explorers for planetary exploration and for other extreme environments. We believe that science autonomy has the potential to be as important as robotic autonomy (e.g., roving terrain) in improving the science potential of these missions because it directly optimizes the returned data. On- board science data processing, interpretation, and reaction, as well as prioritization of telemetry, therefore, comprise new, critical challenges of mission design. We present a first step toward this vision: a machine learning (ML) approach for analyzing science data from the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument, which will land on Mars within the ExoMars rover Rosalind Franklin in 2023. MOMA is a dual-source (laser desorption and gas chromatograph) mass spectrometer that will search for past or present life on the Martian surface and subsurface through analysis of soil samples. We use data collected from the MOMA flight-like engineering model to develop mass-spectrometry- focused machine learning techniques. We first apply unsupervised algorithms in order to cluster input data based on inherent patterns and separate the bulk data into clusters. Then, optimized classification algorithms designed for MOMA’s scientific goals provide information to the scientists about the likely content of the sample. This will help the scientists with their analysis of the sample and decision-making process regarding subsequent operations. We used MOMA data to develop initial machine learning algorithms and strategies as a proof of concept and to design software to support intelligent operations of more autonomous systems in development for future exploratory missions. This data characterization and categorization is the first step of a longer-term objective to enable the spacecraft and instruments themselves to make real-time adjustments during operations, thus optimizing the potentially complex search for life in our solar system and beyond.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Reevaluation of Methane vertical profile at Huygens Landing site from Huygens/GCMS measurements

Author

Thomas Gautier, Joseph Serigano, Cyril Szopa, Sarah Hörst, and Melissa Trainer

Abstract

Introduction More than a decade after its descent through Titan’s atmosphere, the data acquired by the instruments on the Huygens Probe remain the only in situ measurements in Titan’s deep atmosphere. Among these, the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) experiment aboard Huygens measured hundreds of mass spectra below 150 km to investigate the atmospheric composition [1,2]. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive attempt to decompose the mass spectra acquired by Huygens in order to extract the identity and abundances of many minor components and refine the retrieved mixing ratios of major atmospheric components (N2, CH4, Ar) Actually, at least 60% of the signal in the GCMS spectra has not been identified yet. As an example, while predicted ethane is strikingly absent from GCMS measurements during its descent [3-5]. The absence of ethane in data near the surface can be explained by its condensation, but its non-detection above 100 km re-mains one of the major discrepancies in our understanding of GCMS measurements. In addition to ethane, many organics predicted both by models and measurements at higher altitude remain unquantified in GCMS. In order to fill this gap, we have developed numerical tools to decompose flight mass spectrometry data, and applied it to conduct an in-depth reanalysis of the GCMS data collected during Huygens’ descent, leveraging recent advances in both knowledge of Titan’s atmosphere and mass spectral deconvolution for organic species. Methods We decompose the mass spectra acquired by GCMS below 146 km using the fragmentation pattern of the molecules detected by the instrument. This approach has been previously applied successfully to INMS data of Titan’s higher atmosphere during Cassini flybys [6]. However, up to now, this decomposition method required extensive knowledge of the instrument calibration data, which was the case for INMS. Such calibration data was unfortunately unavailable for the GCMS instrument. We thus developed a Monte-Carlo approach, simulating the diversity of possible fragmentation for a given molecule in the spectrometer ionization chamber, to handle degeneracy in the mass spectra decomposition. Results We analyzed all GCMS acquired mass spectra, from 135km altitude down to the surface. Between m/z 5 and 50. We thus retrieved the relative abundances of most volatiles species in Titan’s lower atmosphere. We were able to clearly identify and relatively quantify not only CH4, N2 and Ar as in the original GCMS paper [2], but we also identify 8 new species in this mass spectrum, including ethane. By decomposing the mass spectra at every altitude during Huygens descent, we obtained the vertical profile of major volatile species in Titan’s lower atmosphere Figure 1: Preliminary retrieved methane vertical profile above Huygens landing site. Our work is in red, to be compared with the original retrieval (dark blue). Discrepancies appear at altitudes above 80 km which might be able to reconcile GCMS measurements with Cassini CIRS and VIMS observations. Retrieved mixing ratio at high altitude (120 – 135 km) were compared with mixing ratios determined from CIRS or ground based observations and showed an excellent agreement between the methods. This allowed us to carry on at lower altitude and to retrieve volatiles mixing ratios throughout Huygens descent. We will present the retrieved mixing ratios for several minor volatiles species in Titan’s atmosphere, together with their associated probability density function and vertical profiles. Acknowledgements T.G. was supported by the Programme National de Planétologie (PNP) of CNRS/INSU, cofunded by CNES. This work was originally supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under16-CDAP16_2-0087, initially issued through the Cassini Data Analysis Program, and NASA's Planetary Science Division Internal Scientist Funding Program through the Fundamental Laboratory Research (FLaRe) work package to M.G.T. References [1] Owen, T., Planetary science: Huygens rediscovers Titan, Nature 438(7069), pp. 756-757, 2005 [2] Niemann, H. B., S. K. Atreya, S. J. Bauer, G. R. Carignan, J. E. Demick, R. L. Frost, D. Gautier, J. A. Haberman, D. N. Harpold, D. M. Hunten, G. Israel, J. I. Lunine, W. T. Kasprzak, T. C. Owen, M. Paulkovich, F. Raulin, E. Raaen and S. H. Way: The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe, Nature 438(7069), pp. 779-784, 2005 [3] Bézard, B.; Yelle, R.; Nixon, C. A.: The Composition Of Titan's Atmosphere, In Titan: Surface, Atmosphere and Magnetosphere, Eds: I. Muller-Wodarg, C. Griffith, E. Lellouch and T. Cravens, Chap. 6, Cambridge University Press, 2014. [4] Vinatier S., B. Bézard, T. Fouchet, N. A. Teanby, R. de Kok, P.G.J. Irwin, B. J. Conrath, C. A. Nixon, P. N. Romani, F. M. Flasar, A. Coustenis: Vertical abundance profiles of hydrocarbons in Titan's atmosphere at 15° S and 80° N retrieved from Cassini/CIRS spectra, Icarus 188 (1), pp. 120-138, 2007 [5] Lavvas, P., C. A. Griffith and R. V. Yelle: Condensation in Titan’s atmosphere at the Huygens landing site, Icarus 215(2), pp. 732-750, 2011 [6] Gautier, T., Serigano, J., Bourgalais, J., Hörst, S.M., Trainer, M.G., 2020. Decomposition of electron ionization mass spectra for space application using a Monte‐Carlo approach. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 34. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8684 [7] Serigano, J., Hörst, S.M., He, C., Gautier, T., R. V. Yelle, T.T. Koskinen, M. Trainer, 2020 Compositional Measurements of Saturn’s Upper Atmosphere and Rings from Cassini INM. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. [8] Cui, J., R.V. Yelle, V. Vuitton, J.H. Waite, W.T. Kasprzak, D.A. Gell, H.B. Niemann, I.C.F. Muller-Wodarg, N. Borggren, G.G. Fletcher, E. L. Patrick, E. Raaen, B.A. Magee: Analysis of Titan’s neutral upper atmosphere from Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer Measurements, Icarus 200, pp. 581-615, 2009

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Volatiles in Titan's lower atmosphere: Reinterpretation of Huygens-GCMS data

Author

Thomas Gautier, Joseph Serigano, Sarah Hörst, Melissa Trainer, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Gautier, Thomas

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Using a novel approach, we reanalyzed data acquired by the GCMS instrument aboard Huygens during its descent to Titan. We were able to retrieve concentration of several key volatile species in Titan's troposphere and their vertical profiles.

Published
2019

11. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

J. P. Grotzinger, D. Y. Sumner, L. C. Kah, K. Stack, S. Gupta, L. Edgar, D. Rubin, K. Lewis, J. Schieber, N. Mangold, R. Milliken, P. G. Conrad, D. DesMarais, J. Farmer, K. Siebach, F. Calef, J. Hurowitz, S. M. McLennan, D. Ming, D. Vaniman, J. Crisp, A. Vasavada, K. S. Edgett, M. Malin, D. Blake, R. Gellert, P. Mahaffy, R. C. Wiens, S. Maurice, J. A. Grant, S. Wilson, R. C. Anderson, L. Beegle, R. Arvidson, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, M. Rice, J. Bell, J. Griffes, B. Ehlmann, R. B. Anderson, T. F. Bristow, W. E. Dietrich, G. Dromart, J. Eigenbrode, A. Fraeman, C. Hardgrove, K. Herkenhoff, L. Jandura, G. Kocurek, S. Lee, L. A. Leshin, R. Leveille, D. Limonadi, J. Maki, S. McCloskey, M. Meyer, M. Minitti, H. Newsom, D. Oehler, A. Okon, M. Palucis, T. Parker, S. Rowland, M. Schmidt, S. Squyres, A. Steele, E. Stolper, R. Summons, A. Treiman, R. Williams, A. Yingst, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, Jeffrey R. Johnson, David Cremers, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Gerald Weigle, Shuai Li, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Kenneth Farley, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens-Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, David Bish, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Donald Fay, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Arik Posner, Mary Voytek, Andrew Aubrey, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, David Brinza, Lance Christensen, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, Francis Cucinotta, John H. Jones, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, Edward Vicenzi, Mark Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, Victoria Hamilton, Donald Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, Onno Kortmann, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, Sönke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), US Geological Survey [Santa Cruz], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Princeton University, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), State University of New York (SUNY), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Space Remote Sensing Group (ISR-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), NASA Headquarters, Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Hawaii, Brock University [Canada], Cornell University [New York], Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Extraterrestrial Environment, Nitrogen, General Science & Technology, Iron, Curiosity rover, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astrobiology, MSL Science Team, Exobiology, MSL, Martian, Multidisciplinary, fluvial-lacustrine environments, Biosphere, Water, Phosphorus, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Carbon, Oxygen, Planetary science, Bays, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, Sample Analysis at Mars, Sedimentary rock, Oxidation-Reduction, Geology, Sulfur, Hydrogen
Abstract

International audience; The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Mars' surface radiation environment measured with the Mars science laboratory's curiosity rover

Author

Donald M. Hassler, Cary Zeitlin, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Bent Ehresmann, Scot Rafkin, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, David E. Brinza, Gerald Weigle, Stephan Böttcher, Eckart Böhm, Soenke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, Cesar Martin, Guenther Reitz, Francis A. Cucinotta, Myung-Hee Kim, David Grinspoon, Mark A. Bullock, Arik Posner, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Ashwin Vasavada, John P. Grotzinger, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, David Cremers, James F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack Farmer, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Mariek Schmidt, Shuai Li, Ralph Milliken, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Bethany Ehlmann, Kenneth Farley, Jennifer Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Melissa Rice, Kirsten Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward Stolper, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Andrew Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Steven Squyres, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Thomas Berger, Daniel Matthia, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, David Bish, Juergen Schieber, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Sylvestre Maurice, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Oehler, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, Gilles Dromart, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Nicolas Mangold, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Roger C. Wiens, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Allan Treiman, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Kenneth Edgett, Donald Fay, Craig Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Michael Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger Summons, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, David F. Blake, Thomas Bristow, David DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Pamela Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Paul Mahaffy, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Michael Meyer, Mary Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, Andrew Aubrey, Luther W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, Fred Calef, Lance Christensen, Joy A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Joel Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Timothy Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, John H. Jones, Douglas Ming, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, David Vaniman, Rebecca M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, Kevin Lewis, Laurie Leshin, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, John Grant, Edward Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, Victoria Hamilton, Joseph Peterson, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Scott McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ryan B. Anderson, Kenneth Herkenhoff, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, Marisa Palucis, Dawn Y. Sumner, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, David Rubin, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Ralf Gellert, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott Rowland, Hannu Savijärvi, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Horton Newsom, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, Bernard Hallet, Ronald Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Raymond Arvidson, Abigail Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Kiel University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), German Aerospace Center (DLR), University of Nevada [Reno], Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Denver Museum of Nature and Science, NASA Headquarters, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), GeoRessources, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Extraterrestrial Environment, Surface Properties, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Cosmic ray, Radiation Dosage, Exploration of Mars, Astrobiology, Martian surface, Exobiology, galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity rover, Humans, Organic Chemicals, Particle radiation, Martian, Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), Multidisciplinary, Mars Exploration Program, Space Flight, Radiation assessment detector, 13. Climate action, Health threat from cosmic rays, Deinococcus, Cosmic Radiation
Abstract

International audience; The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for similar to 300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the martian atmosphere

Author

Chris R, Webster, Paul R, Mahaffy, Gregory J, Flesch, Paul B, Niles, John H, Jones, Laurie A, Leshin, Sushil K, Atreya, Jennifer C, Stern, Lance E, Christensen, Tobias, Owen, Heather, Franz, Robert O, Pepin, Andrew, Steele, Cherie, Achilles, Christophe, Agard, José Alexandre, Alves Verdasca, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Anderson, Doug, Archer, Carlos, Armiens-Aparicio, Ray, Arvidson, Evgeny, Atlaskin, Andrew, Aubrey, Burt, Baker, Michael, Baker, Tonci, Balic-Zunic, David, Baratoux, Julien, Baroukh, Bruce, Barraclough, Keri, Bean, Luther, Beegle, Alberto, Behar, James, Bell, Steve, Bender, Mehdi, Benna, Jennifer, Bentz, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berger, Daniel, Berman, David, Bish, David F, Blake, Juan J, Blanco Avalos, Diana, Blaney, Jen, Blank, Hannah, Blau, Lora, Bleacher, Eckart, Boehm, Oliver, Botta, Stephan, Böttcher, Thomas, Boucher, Hannah, Bower, Nick, Boyd, Bill, Boynton, Elly, Breves, John, Bridges, Nathan, Bridges, William, Brinckerhoff, David, Brinza, Thomas, Bristow, Claude, Brunet, Anna, Brunner, Will, Brunner, Arnaud, Buch, Mark, Bullock, Sönke, Burmeister, Michel, Cabane, Fred, Calef, James, Cameron, John, Campbell, Bruce, Cantor, Michael, Caplinger, Javier, Caride Rodríguez, Marco, Carmosino, Isaías, Carrasco Blázquez, Antoine, Charpentier, Steve, Chipera, David, Choi, Benton, Clark, Sam, Clegg, Timothy, Cleghorn, Ed, Cloutis, George, Cody, Patrice, Coll, Pamela, Conrad, David, Coscia, Agnès, Cousin, David, Cremers, Joy, Crisp, Alain, Cros, Frank, Cucinotta, Claude, d'Uston, Scott, Davis, Mackenzie, Day, Manuel, de la Torre Juarez, Lauren, DeFlores, Dorothea, DeLapp, Julia, DeMarines, David, DesMarais, William, Dietrich, Robert, Dingler, Christophe, Donny, Bob, Downs, Darrell, Drake, Gilles, Dromart, Audrey, Dupont, Brian, Duston, Jason, Dworkin, M Darby, Dyar, Lauren, Edgar, Kenneth, Edgett, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Edwards, Bethany, Ehlmann, Bent, Ehresmann, Jen, Eigenbrode, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Elliott, Ryan, Ewing, Cécile, Fabre, Alberto, Fairén, Ken, Farley, Jack, Farmer, Caleb, Fassett, Laurent, Favot, Donald, Fay, Fedor, Fedosov, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Feldman, Marty, Fisk, Mike, Fitzgibbon, Melissa, Floyd, Lorenzo, Flückiger, Olivier, Forni, Abby, Fraeman, Raymond, Francis, Pascaline, François, Caroline, Freissinet, Katherine Louise, French, Jens, Frydenvang, Alain, Gaboriaud, Marc, Gailhanou, James, Garvin, Olivier, Gasnault, Claude, Geffroy, Ralf, Gellert, Maria, Genzer, Daniel, Glavin, Austin, Godber, Fred, Goesmann, Walter, Goetz, Dmitry, Golovin, Felipe, Gómez Gómez, Javier, Gómez-Elvira, Brigitte, Gondet, Suzanne, Gordon, Stephen, Gorevan, John, Grant, Jennifer, Griffes, David, Grinspoon, John, Grotzinger, Philippe, Guillemot, Jingnan, Guo, Sanjeev, Gupta, Scott, Guzewich, Robert, Haberle, Douglas, Halleaux, Bernard, Hallet, Vicky, Hamilton, Craig, Hardgrove, David, Harker, Daniel, Harpold, Ari-Matti, Harri, Karl, Harshman, Donald, Hassler, Harri, Haukka, Alex, Hayes, Ken, Herkenhoff, Paul, Herrera, Sebastian, Hettrich, Ezat, Heydari, Victoria, Hipkin, Tori, Hoehler, Jeff, Hollingsworth, Judy, Hudgins, Wesley, Huntress, Joel, Hurowitz, Stubbe, Hviid, Karl, Iagnemma, Steve, Indyk, Guy, Israël, Ryan, Jackson, Samantha, Jacob, Bruce, Jakosky, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Jensen, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnson, Steve, Johnstone, Andrea, Jones, Jonathan, Joseph, Insoo, Jun, Linda, Kah, Henrik, Kahanpää, Melinda, Kahre, Natalya, Karpushkina, Wayne, Kasprzak, Janne, Kauhanen, Leslie, Keely, Osku, Kemppinen, Didier, Keymeulen, Myung-Hee, Kim, Kjartan, Kinch, Penny, King, Laurel, Kirkland, Gary, Kocurek, Asmus, Koefoed, Jan, Köhler, Onno, Kortmann, Alexander, Kozyrev, Jill, Krezoski, Daniel, Krysak, Ruslan, Kuzmin, Jean Luc, Lacour, Vivian, Lafaille, Yves, Langevin, Nina, Lanza, Jeremie, Lasue, Stéphane, Le Mouélic, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lee, David, Lees, Matthew, Lefavor, Mark, Lemmon, Alain, Lepinette Malvitte, Richard, Léveillé, Éric, Lewin-Carpintier, Kevin, Lewis, Shuai, Li, Leslie, Lipkaman, Cynthia, Little, Maxim, Litvak, Eric, Lorigny, Guenter, Lugmair, Angela, Lundberg, Eric, Lyness, Morten, Madsen, Justin, Maki, Alexey, Malakhov, Charles, Malespin, Michael, Malin, Nicolas, Mangold, Gérard, Manhes, Heidi, Manning, Geneviève, Marchand, Mercedes, Marín Jiménez, César, Martín García, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martin, Jesús, Martínez-Frías, Javier, Martín-Soler, F Javier, Martín-Torres, Patrick, Mauchien, Sylvestre, Maurice, Amy, McAdam, Elaina, McCartney, Timothy, McConnochie, Emily, McCullough, Ian, McEwan, Christopher, McKay, Scott, McLennan, Sean, McNair, Noureddine, Melikechi, Pierre-Yves, Meslin, Michael, Meyer, Alissa, Mezzacappa, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Miller, Ralph, Milliken, Douglas, Ming, Michelle, Minitti, Michael, Mischna, Igor, Mitrofanov, Jeff, Moersch, Maxim, Mokrousov, Antonio, Molina Jurado, John, Moores, Luis, Mora-Sotomayor, John Michael, Morookian, Richard, Morris, Shaunna, Morrison, Reinhold, Mueller-Mellin, Jan-Peter, Muller, Guillermo, Muñoz Caro, Marion, Nachon, Sara, Navarro López, Rafael, Navarro-González, Kenneth, Nealson, Ara, Nefian, Tony, Nelson, Megan, Newcombe, Claire, Newman, Horton, Newsom, Sergey, Nikiforov, Brian, Nixon, Eldar, Noe Dobrea, Thomas, Nolan, Dorothy, Oehler, Ann, Ollila, Timothy, Olson, Miguel Ángel, de Pablo Hernández, Alexis, Paillet, Etienne, Pallier, Marisa, Palucis, Timothy, Parker, Yann, Parot, Kiran, Patel, Mark, Paton, Gale, Paulsen, Alex, Pavlov, Betina, Pavri, Verónica, Peinado-González, Laurent, Peret, Rene, Perez, Glynis, Perrett, Joe, Peterson, Cedric, Pilorget, Patrick, Pinet, Jorge, Pla-García, Ianik, Plante, Franck, Poitrasson, Jouni, Polkko, Radu, Popa, Liliya, Posiolova, Arik, Posner, Irina, Pradler, Benito, Prats, Vasily, Prokhorov, Sharon Wilson, Purdy, Eric, Raaen, Leon, Radziemski, Scot, Rafkin, Miguel, Ramos, Elizabeth, Rampe, François, Raulin, Michael, Ravine, Günther, Reitz, Nilton, Rennó, Melissa, Rice, Mark, Richardson, François, Robert, Kevin, Robertson, José Antonio, Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio J, Romeral-Planelló, Scott, Rowland, David, Rubin, Muriel, Saccoccio, Andrew, Salamon, Jennifer, Sandoval, Anton, Sanin, Sara Alejandra, Sans Fuentes, Lee, Saper, Philippe, Sarrazin, Violaine, Sautter, Hannu, Savijärvi, Juergen, Schieber, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Schmidt, Daniel, Scholes, Marcel, Schoppers, Susanne, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Eduardo, Sebastian Martinez, Aaron, Sengstacken, Ruslan, Shterts, Kirsten, Siebach, Tero, Siili, Jeff, Simmonds, Jean-Baptiste, Sirven, Susie, Slavney, Ronald, Sletten, Michael, Smith, Pablo, Sobrón Sánchez, Nicole, Spanovich, John, Spray, Steven, Squyres, Katie, Stack, Fabien, Stalport, Thomas, Stein, Noel, Stewart, Susan Louise Svane, Stipp, Kevin, Stoiber, Ed, Stolper, Bob, Sucharski, Rob, Sullivan, Roger, Summons, Dawn, Sumner, Vivian, Sun, Kimberley, Supulver, Brad, Sutter, Cyril, Szopa, Florence, Tan, Christopher, Tate, Samuel, Teinturier, Inge, ten Kate, Peter, Thomas, Lucy, Thompson, Robert, Tokar, Mike, Toplis, Josefina, Torres Redondo, Melissa, Trainer, Allan, Treiman, Vladislav, Tretyakov, Roser, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Van Beek, Scott, VanBommel, David, Vaniman, Alexey, Varenikov, Ashwin, Vasavada, Paulo, Vasconcelos, Edward, Vicenzi, Andrey, Vostrukhin, Mary, Voytek, Meenakshi, Wadhwa, Jennifer, Ward, Eddie, Weigle, Danika, Wellington, Frances, Westall, Roger Craig, Wiens, Mary Beth, Wilhelm, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Williams, Mike, Wilson, Robert, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Mike, Wolff, Mike, Wong, James, Wray, Megan, Wu, Charles, Yana, Albert, Yen, Aileen, Yingst, Cary, Zeitlin, Robert, Zimdar, and María-Paz, Zorzano Mier

Subjects
Atmosphere, Martian, chemistry.chemical_compound, Multidisciplinary, Meteorite, chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, Sample Analysis at Mars, Carbonate, Mars Exploration Program, Atmosphere of Mars, Astrobiology
Abstract

Mars' Atmosphere from Curiosity The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Curiosity rover that landed on Mars in August last year is designed to study the chemical and isotopic composition of the martian atmosphere. Mahaffy et al. (p. 263 ) present volume-mixing ratios of Mars' five major atmospheric constituents (CO 2 , Ar, N 2 , O 2 , and CO) and isotope measurements of 40 Ar/ 36 Ar and C and O in CO 2 , based on data from one of SAM's instruments, obtained between 31 August and 21 November 2012. Webster et al. (p. 260 ) used data from another of SAM's instruments obtained around the same period to determine isotope ratios of H, C, and O in atmospheric CO 2 and H 2 O. Agreement between the isotopic ratios measured by SAM with those of martian meteorites, measured in laboratories on Earth, confirms the origin of these meteorites and implies that the current atmospheric reservoirs of CO 2 and H 2 O were largely established after the period of early atmospheric loss some 4 billion years ago.

Published
2013

14. The Sample Analysis at Mars Investigation and Instrument Suite

Author

Paul R. Mahaffy, Christopher R. Webster, Michel Cabane, Pamela G. Conrad, Patrice Coll, Sushil K. Atreya, Robert Arvey, Michael Barciniak, Mehdi Benna, Lora Bleacher, William B. Brinckerhoff, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, Daniel Carignan, Mark Cascia, Robert A. Chalmers, Jason P. Dworkin, Therese Errigo, Paula Everson, Heather Franz, Rodger Farley, Steven Feng, Gregory Frazier, Caroline Freissinet, Daniel P. Glavin, Daniel N. Harpold, Douglas Hawk, Vincent Holmes, Christopher S. Johnson, Andrea Jones, Patrick Jordan, James Kellogg, Jesse Lewis, Eric Lyness, Charles A. Malespin, David K. Martin, John Maurer, Amy C. McAdam, Douglas McLennan, Thomas J. Nolan, Marvin Noriega, Alexander A. Pavlov, Benito Prats, Eric Raaen, Oren Sheinman, David Sheppard, James Smith, Jennifer C. Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Douglas W. Ming, Richard V. Morris, John Jones, Cindy Gundersen, Andrew Steele, James Wray, Oliver Botta, Laurie A. Leshin, Tobias Owen, Steve Battel, Bruce M. Jakosky, Heidi Manning, Steven Squyres, Rafael Navarro-González, Christopher P. McKay, Francois Raulin, Robert Sternberg, Arnaud Buch, Paul Sorensen, Robert Kline-Schoder, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, Samuel Teinturier, Curt Baffes, Jason Feldman, Greg Flesch, Siamak Forouhar, Ray Garcia, Didier Keymeulen, Steve Woodward, Bruce P. Block, Ken Arnett, Ryan Miller, Charles Edmonson, Stephen Gorevan, and Erik Mumm

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results