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In the teaching of human anatomy various authors have stated that the base knowledge of the human body is the cadaver. Learning anatomy through manipulation of the body contributes greatly to understanding shape, location, relationship, space and distance of various organs and structures of the human body. Faculty of Medicine students of the Universidad de La Frontera in Temuco, Chile have the opportunity to work with cadavers and anatomical models in the laboratory. In order to identify the representation students have while working with both resources, we conducted a qualitative study based on the Natural Semantic Networks technique. The sample consisted of 66 medical degree students, and 40 nutrition and diet degree students. Two sessions were conducted with students of each career. During the first survey they were given a survey form with the stimulus word "Anatomy Cadaver", and in the other session the stimulus word "Anatomy-Model'. In the analysis data technique values were obtained: J, M, SAM and FMG set. For both groups of students the ability to work with the cadaver resource meant: study, body learning and knowledge; furthermore for the group of medical students the meaning of respect, science and dissection work were noted. In reference to the anatomical model resource it also meant: study, surreal, false, invariable and easier. We noted that both resources met the goal of being a tool which allows the students to study, however, with important conceptual differences of both resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidemic development of obesity threatens the world's population, registering alarming rates of children who, depending on the age when developed, have a 25% to 75% chance of being obese in adulthood. This problem is especially important in Chile, which has the highest prevalence level in South America. The impact of obesity on emotional health has been described as harmful medical comorbidities associated with it, studying the association between obesity and depressive symptoms predominantly from school age onwards. This study addressed the relationship between obesity and depressive symptoms in Chilean preschool children, where no significant correlations were found, which is discussed considering the findings of other studies that suggest the presence of psychosocial variables that should be studied in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sprague Dawley rat livers were irradiated with 8 and 16 J/cm² daily doses during 15 days from the AsGA laser. equivalent to 904 rim. Liver samples were surgically removed from rats previously anesthetized, then processed for electronic microscopic transmission and subsequently studied and subjected to morphometric techniques using 8.500 X enlargements with special emphasis on quantifying cellular component volumetric fractions. The result analysis of the hepatocytes irradiated with 8 and 16J/cm² doses revealed that there were marked differences between the volumetric fractions of cellular components that determine cellular functionality and protein synthesis, a quantification that clearly demonstrates that with a dose of 8 J/cm² the optimum stimuli is achieved in order to obtain high functionality, while with a dose of 16 J/cm² a notable reduction of that functionality is noted, concluding that the effects of specific infrared radiation doses provoke a drastic transformation of its components in hepatocytes, and therefore its functionality, activating or inhibiting it, and representing the effect of these stimulations over this elevated metabolism cellular type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver samples were taken from previously anaesthetised Sprague Dawley rats, both normal and irradiated with daily doses of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 J/cm2 applied over 15 days by AsGa laser equivalent to 904 nm. These samples were then processed for optical microscopy. They were studied and subjected to morphometric techniques using 1000X magnification, placing special emphasis on the quantification of the areas of nuclei and nucleoli. An analytic comparison of the results between normal and irradiated hepatocytes reveals the existence of significant differences between both the nuclear and nucleolar areas studied, from which it is concluded that the effect of these doses of infrared radiation is to provoke a drastic transformation in the components of the hepatocytes, and therefore in their functioning, principally with respect to protein synthesis, and that this would be the effect of stimulation of this nature on this type of high-metabolism cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether laser therapy is widely used in healing therapies of injured muscle, there are no reports about its morphological effects on healthy muscle. A morphometrical and stereological study was performed with healthy Sprague Dawley rats, all irradiated with AsGa laser directly on the skin of the gastrocnemius muscle belly area for ten days, using three different daily doses on groups of five rats 0,8 (A1 y A2), 2 (B) y 5 (C) joules/cm² on the left posterior limb. The right limb was no irradiated, so it was used as control. The muscle fiber area was determinate by point counting (morphometry) on group A1. Density of connective tissue contain (Vvtc) was determinate by M42 test (stereology) on A2, B and C group. The analysis of all the 500 fiber areas obtained from Al group muscles and 500 fiber areas from its control muscles show that the mean fiber area was 15 13±376 mm² for laser treated gastrocnemius muscles and 1146±286 mm² for non irradiated control gastrocnemius muscles. Regression analysis showed that the fiber area was higher on treated muscles (p<0,001). Stereological analysis of Vvtc results showed no significance difference between treated and control muscles in none of the used doses (p=0.07). AsGa laser therapy produce morphological effects on healthy muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bifid condylar process is a rare anomaly. Most of the known cases are radiographic findings, mainly in ortopantomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The condition is usually asymptomatic, while in some cases are associated with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. It is reported that the presence of bifid condylar process is not determined by age and gender, but the findings are among the ages of 3 to 67 years, with the average age of 35 years. The present report presents two cases of patients with abnormalities of condylar process detectable through radiographic examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]