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In the context of the modern industrialisation of poultry farming and the growing global demand for quail products, fnding effective ways to improve bird productivity and health is extremely important. One of the most promising approaches is the use of nanoselenium bio-compounds with probiotics to improve the metabolic parameters of quail. Recent research has focused on the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using probiotics as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods of adding inorganic selenium to quail feed. The advantage of this approach is the production of a biocompatible and bioavailable form of selenium, which provides birds with the ability to effectively absorb and use selenium for various physiological processes. The effect of innovative feed additives, such as selenium nanoconjugates and probiotics, on various metabolic parameters in quail was investigated. These include the activity of antioxidant defence enzymes, indicators of carbonyl oxidative stress, protein carbonyl levels and protein metabolism. By adding selenium nanoconjugates and probiotics to quail feed, an improvement in antioxidant defence mechanisms was observed, leading to a reduction in oxidative stress and an improvement in the overall health of the birds. In addition, improved protein metabolism as a result of these supplements has been shown to have a positive impact on the productivity and quality of quail products. In summary, investing in high quality feed additives such as selenium nanoconjugates and probiotics is a strategic approach to improving the productivity and proftability of poultry production. By taking advantage of the benefts of nanotechnology and probiotics, farmers can optimise the health and productivity of their poultry flocks, meeting the growing demand for quail products on the national market.

The high energy potential of organic waste allows its use in bioconversion technologies, where waste from one production cycle is a raw material for further production to produce environmentally friendly fertilizers, energy carriers and feed additives. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the environmental efficiency of vermiculture on organic waste from livestock, crop production, gardening and forestry under anthropogenic load. It is proved that due to the biological characteristics of vermiculture, which allows to consume a large amount of organic residues, enrich them with its own microflora, enzymes, biologically active substances and release them as processed products (coprolites), this technology to some extent solves the problems of balanced nature management. It has been determined that in the conditions of intensification of production processes, secondary organic raw materials contain a number of pollutants - heavy metals and toxic metals that can accumulate in coprolites (vermicompost). An approach is proposed that solves the problem of pollutant migration and involves the introduction of 3% zeolite from the Sokyrnytsia deposit in the Transcarpathian region into the vermiculture substrate. Experimental and analytical determination of the environmental efficiency of the proposed approach has shown that its practical application in solving the problems of balanced nature management allows to reduce the accumulation of Plumbum by 13.6 % and Cadmium by 22.6 % in vermicompost, which improves the quality of this organic fertilizer and creates prerequisites for obtaining environmentally friendly products.

Робота містить детальний огляд опублікованих в останні роки результатів досліджень гомоперехідних світлодіодів (СД), вирощених на основі твердого розчину GaP і GaAsP, а також гетероперехідних структур InGaN з квантовими ямами (КЯ). Для виявлення причини нестабільності світіння мікроплазми важливо проаналізувати електричні та спектральні характеристики досліджуваних структур. Метою дослідження було виявлення причини, що призводить до відхилення від типових залежностей I(U) та L(I) та виявлення можливих фізичних факторів, які лежать в основі виникнення аномалій світлодіодного випромінювання. Оригінальна частина базується на порівняльному аналізі експериментальних даних, отриманих при дослідженні електрофізичних і спектральних характеристик обох типів світлодіодів. Також наведено результати дослідження впливу радіаційних дефектів, внесених електронами з E = 2 МеВ, на основні та робочі параметри досліджуваних діодів. Збільшення диференціального опору гомоперехідних світлодіодів GaP і GaAsP за рахунок зниження температури і опромінення зумовлено захопленням носіїв струму глибокими домішковими рівнями, а також рівнями радіаційних дефектів. Значення бар’єрного потенціалу діодів при використовуваних дозах (Fmax = 1015 см – 2 для діодів GaP; Fmax = 2,64 см– 2 для діодів GaAsP) практично не змінюється. У гетероструктурних світлодіодах InGaN з квантовими ямами (hν = 505 нм) область НДЦ починається після охолодження до Т ≤ 130 К; його виникнення може бути пов'язане з ефектом резонансного тунелювання носіїв струму. Короткохвильові частини ліній випромінювання світлодіодів GaP, GaAsP і InGaN добре узгоджуються з класичним розподілом Гауса; довгохвильові розтягуються в бік довгохвильових, що зумовлено ефектом хвостів густини станів як у гомо-, так і в гетероперехідних структурах. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to examine the impact of inflation on the real estate market using Polish panel data for the last 13 years. It is based on a panel model, where price changes of one square meter of housing are determined as a function in changes of inflation, the central bank’s base rate, dwellings built, as well as new mortgage loans. The quarterly dynamics of the average price of 1 square meter of housing in Poland’s eight largest cities in the 2009-2021 period was studied. This price was modeled and predicted using one of the Box-Jenkins time series models: the Holt-Winter model of exponential smoothing with a damped trend. The forecasting results showed a small (up to 4%) relative error in comparison with the actual data. In addition, the moment (2017) of the price trend change was found. Therefore, piecewise linear regressions with high regression coefficients were used when modeling the impact of inflation changes on the real estate market indicators under consideration. The results obtained provide valuable insight into the relationship of real estate market indicators, allowing consumers to predict available options and make decisions in accordance with their preferences.

The article focuses on the study of the waiting line theory and application of its methods and principles while analyzing operations with electronic money in cash desks of various establishments, among them commercial enterprises and banks. The work analyzes cashiers' operating results on the basis of data from the real sector of economy. The author proposes a mechanism for analysis of cashiers' work taking into account the factors which have an effect on their operating results reflected in the number of customers served per unit of time. Besides, the author conducted modeling of changes in the indices of the cash desk performance capacity based on the results of replacement of methods that customers use to put money into the cash desk: transition to non-cash transactions by using only bank cards and electronic money. The study proves that decreased amount of time that customers spend on paying for goods or, for example, settling bills in bank cash desks, influences the cashier's operating efficiency by increasing the customer traffic, as well as the quality of customer service and reduction in costs associated with maintenance of the cash operating units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a solution to the problem of counting electronic money in the banks, which is due to the need to establish a proper monitoring system, data sources for the implementation of the economic analysis of electronic money in banks. The concept of counting electronic money is also intended to help users identify the strengths and weaknesses of the financial side of the bank, to assess its liquidity and solvency. In this paper we reviewed some of the provisions of the International Financial Reporting Standards, which reveal the essence of operations with electronic money, and provided the complex financial model of operations with electronic money in banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the audit of the bank's information security when working with electronic money. The author considers main requirements and principles of conducting audit, identifies main directions of the audit, in particular, organisational-technical and legal provision of banks for prevention of violation of integrity, accessibility, confidentiality and observance of information systems, which ensure functioning of the electronic money systems. Moreover, the article pays attention to social engineering and focuses on the necessity to conduct audit of training of bank specialists that deal with electronic money operations and users (owners) of electronic money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial sector, as one of the most sensitive economic sectors, is alert to all trends and changes in the environment. The aim of the article is to study the impact of climate change on the life insurance market using panel data from 28 countries of the European Union (EU) for the last 9 years. This study is based on a panel model, where the amount of premiums under life insurance contracts is defined as a function of the fundamental factor of climate change - greenhouse gas emissions. According to empirical findings, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions per thousand tons leads to an increase in the amount of life insurance premiums by 0.1786 million euros. It has also been found that an increase in greenhouse gas emissions per thousand tons leads to an increase in deaths in the European Union by 1.0442 people, and these consequences are statistically significant. In general, our results suggest that the life insurance market as well as the non-life insurance market is dependent on climate change. The empirical results of this study provide valuable insight into how greenhouse gas emissions affect mortality in the European Union.

The development of financial markets is characterized by the emergence of new financial instruments, in particular derivatives, the risk level analysis of which is complicated. Counterparties are not always fully aware of and do not adequately assess the potential risks of derivatives, which may lead to large financial losses and sometimes bankruptcies. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to regulating derivative markets and analyse the adequacy of regulatory influence to ensure sustainable development of the global financial system. The article analyses the approaches of scientists and regulators of the USA and the EU to the regulation of the derivatives market before and after the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Prior to the crisis, most scholars took a liberal approach to derivatives market regulation and recommended monitoring new instruments and not restricting their circulation in any way, emphasizing that effective counterparty risk management and their propensity for self-preservation can prevent excessive risk-taking. The authors analyse the potential risks of derivatives and conclude that exchange-traded derivatives can cause similar processes of liquidity crisis, and, therefore, need additional regulatory tools to ensure the stability of the financial system

The article identifies methods of analysis of electronic money, formalises its instruments and offers an integral indicator, which should be calculated by issuing banks and those banks, which carry out operations with electronic money, issued by other banks. Calculation of the integral indicator would allow complex assessment of activity of the studied bank with electronic money and would allow comparison of parameters of different banks by the aggregate of indicators for the study of the electronic money market, its level of development, etc. The article presents methods which envisage economic analysis of electronic money in banks by the following directions: solvency and liquidity, efficiency of electronic money issue, business activity of the bank and social responsibility. Moreover, the proposed indicators by each of the directions are offered to be taken into account when building integral indicators, with the help of which banks are studied: business activity, profitability, solvency, liquidity and so on.

The article is devoted to audit and oversight of systems of electronic money on the basis of integrated reporting of banks as main participants of such systems. The author offers for the first time methods of composition of integrated bank reporting – participants of systems of electronic money by parts, on the basis of which the auditors can assess and form opinions on social responsibility of payment organisations, interests of the society, business and state in the process of the use of an individual payment means. The author analyses definitions of oversight (observation) over payment systems and systems of electronic money. Moreover, it offers methods of carrying out an audit of systems of electronic money by data of integrated bank reporting, on the basis of which assessment of influence of the use of this form of money funds upon bank employees, society in general and upon ensuring observation of rules of the current legislation by participants of systems of electronic money is carried out.

In the context of Industry 4.0, one of the most significant challenges is enhancing efficiency in sectors like agriculture by using intelligent sensors and advanced computing. Specifically, the task of fruit detection and counting in orchards represents a complex issue that is crucial for efficient orchard management and harvest preparation. Traditional techniques often fail to provide the timely and precise data necessary for these tasks. With the agricultural sector increasingly relying on technological advancements, the integration of innovative solutions is essential. This study presents a novel approach that combines artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed approach demonstrates superior real-time capabilities in fruit detection and counting, utilizing a combination of AI techniques and multi-UAV systems. The core innovation of this approach is its ability to simultaneously capture and synchronize video frames from multiple UAV cameras, converting them into a cohesive data structure and, ultimately, a continuous image. This integration is further enhanced by image quality optimization techniques, ensuring the high-resolution and accurate detection of targeted objects during UAV operations. Its effectiveness is proven by experiments, achieving a high mean average precision rate of 86.8% in fruit detection and counting, which surpasses existing technologies. Additionally, it maintains low average error rates, with a false positive rate at 14.7% and a false negative rate at 18.3%, even under challenging weather conditions like cloudiness. Overall, the practical implications of this multi-UAV imaging and DL-based approach are vast, particularly for real-time fruit recognition in orchards, marking a significant stride forward in the realm of digital agriculture that aligns with the objectives of Industry 4.0.

The complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of schizophrenia inspires us to look beyond individual risk genes for therapeutic strategies and target their interactive dynamics and convergence. Postsynaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) complexes are a site of such convergence. Src kinase is a molecular hub of NMDAR function, and its protein interaction subnetwork is enriched for risk-genes and altered protein associations in schizophrenia. Previously, Src activity was found to be decreased in post-mortem studies of schizophrenia, contributing to NMDAR hypofunction. PSD-95 suppresses Src via interacting with its SH2 domain. Here, we devised a strategy to suppress the inhibition of Src by PSD-95 via employing a cell penetrating and Src activating PSD-95 inhibitory peptide (TAT-SAPIP). TAT-SAPIP selectively increased post-synaptic Src activity in humans and mice, and enhanced synaptic NMDAR currents in mice. Chronic ICV injection of TAT-SAPIP rescued deficits in trace fear conditioning in Src hypomorphic mice. We propose blockade of the Src-PSD-95 interaction as a proof of concept for the use of interfering peptides as a therapeutic strategy to reverse NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia and other illnesses.

Cognitive deficit remains an intractable symptom of schizophrenia, accounting for substantial disability. Despite this, little is known about the cause of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia patients show several changes in dentate gyrus structure and functional characteristic of immaturity. The immature dentate gyrus (iDG) has been replicated in several mouse models, most notably the CaMKIIα heterozygous mouse (CaMKIIα-hKO). The current study characterizes behavioral phenotypes of CaMKIIα-hKO mice and determines their neurophysiological profile using electroencephalogram (EEG) recording from hippocampus. CaMKIIα-hKO mice were hypoactive in home-cage environment; however, they displayed less anxiety-like phenotype, suggestive of impulsivity-like behavior. In addition, severe cognitive dysfunction was evident in CaMKIIα-hKO mice as examined by novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning. Several EEG phenomena established in both patients and relevant animal models indicate key pathological changes associated with the disease, include auditory event-related potentials and time-frequency EEG oscillations. CaMKIIα-hKO mice showed altered event-related potentials characterized by an increase in amplitude of the N40 and P80, as well as increased P80 latency. These mice also showed increased power in theta range time-frequency measures. Additionally, CaMKIIα-hKO mice showed spontaneous bursts of spike wave activity, possibly indicating absence seizures. The GABAB agonist baclofen increased, while the GABAB antagonist CGP35348 and the T-Type Ca2 + channel blocker Ethosuximide decreased spike wave burst frequency. None of these changes in event-related potentials or EEG oscillations are characteristic of those observed in general population of patients with schizophrenia; yet, CaMKIIα-hKO mice likely model a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia., (Copyright © 2022 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Early life stress may have profound effects on brain health, yielding both short- and long-term cognitive or psychiatric impairment. Early life Social Instability Stress (SIS) in rodents has been used to model the effects of early chronic human stress. While many studies have assessed acute and short-term responses to this stressor, less attention has been paid to the lasting effects of early life stress in rodents., Methods: The current study utilized SIS in young mice to assess the impact of early life adversity over the lifespan. Mice were assessed in adulthood between the ages of 18 to 66 weeks for changes in behaviors associated with anxiety, affect, sociability, aggression, motivation, and recognition memory. Additionally, mice were assessed for changes in glucocorticoid level and hippocampal mRNA expression in a subset of genes that display alterations in humans following exposure to stress (CRHR1, CRHR2, FKBP5, SLC6A4)., Results: Mice exposed to early SIS showed disrupted memory and increased hippocampal expression of FKBP5, CRHR2 and SLC6A4 mRNA compared to non-stressed mice. Importantly, there was a significant association between increased FKBP5 and CRHR2 with reduced recognition memory. Additionally, mice exposed to SIS showed increased responding on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, indicating that reduction in memory performance was not mediated by decreased effort., Conclusions: Ecologically-relevant social stress in mice causes long-term decrements in recognition memory, possibly mediated by persistent changes in moderators of the stress cascade. Additionally, animals exposed to early life stress showed increased motivation for reward, which may contribute to a host of hedonic seeking behaviors throughout life. These data suggest that SIS can be used to evaluate therapeutic interventions to attenuate or reverse lasting effects of early life adversity., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Much evidence suggests that hypofunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) may contribute broadly towards a subset of molecular, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities common among psychiatric and developmental diseases. However, little is known about the specific molecular changes that lead to NMDAR dysfunction. As such, personalized approaches to remediating NMDAR dysfunction based on a specific etiology remains a challenge. Sarcoma tyrosine kinase (Src) serves as a hub for multiple signaling mechanisms affecting GluN2 phosphorylation and can be disrupted by convergent alterations of various signaling pathways. We recently showed reduced Src signaling in post mortem tissue from schizophrenia patients, despite increased MK-801 binding and NMDA receptor complex expression in the postsynaptic density (PSD). These data suggest that Src dysregulation may be an important underlying mechanism responsible for reduced glutamate signaling. Despite this evidence for a central role of Src in NMDAR signaling, little is known about how reductions in Src activity might regulate phenotypic changes in cognition and behavior. As such, the current study sought to characterize behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in mice heterozygous for the Src Acl gene (Src+/- mice). Src+/- mice demonstrated decreased sociability and working memory relative to Src+/+ (WT) mice while no significant differences were seen on locomotive activity and anxiety-related behavior. In relation to WT mice, Src+/- mice showed decreased mid-latency P20 auditory event related potential (aERP) amplitudes, decreased mismatch negativity (MMN) and decreased evoked gamma power, which was only present in males. These data indicate that Src+/- mice are a promising new model to help understand the pathophysiology of these electrophysiological, behavioral and cognitive changes. As such, we propose that Src+/- mice can be used in the future to evaluate potential therapeutic approaches by targeting increased Src activity as a common final pathway for multiple etiologies of SCZ and other diseases characterized by reduced glutamate function., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder associated with profoundly disruptive positive and negative symptomology that result in difficulties building close relationships with others, performing daily tasks and sustaining independent living, resulting in poor social, vocational and occupational attainment (functional outcome). Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is a change in the sensory event-related potential that occurs in response to deviation from an established pattern of stimulation. Patients with schizophrenia show a reduction in MMN that is positively associated with impaired cognition and poor functional outcome. This has led to interest in MMN as a potential clinical and pre-clinical biomarker of fundamental neural processes responsible for reduced functional outcome. To date, relatively few studies have sought to assess MMN in non-human primates or rodents. The validity of these studies will be reviewed using criteria used to identify true deviance detection based MMN responses in human subjects. Although MMN has been difficult to establish in pre-clinical models the weight of evidence suggests that non-human animals show true deviance based MMN., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition resulting from FMR1 gene mutation that leads to intellectual disability, autism-like symptoms, and sensory hypersensitivity. Arbaclofen, a GABA-B agonist, has shown efficacy in some individuals with FXS but has become unavailable after unsuccessful clinical trials, prompting interest in publicly available, racemic baclofen. The present study investigated whether racemic baclofen can remediate abnormalities of neural circuit function, sensory processing, and behavior in Fmr1 knockout mice, a rodent model of fragile X syndrome. Fmr1 knockout mice showed increased baseline and auditory-evoked high-frequency gamma (30-80 Hz) power relative to C57BL/6 controls, as measured by electroencephalography. These deficits were accompanied by decreased T maze spontaneous alternation, decreased social interactions, and increased open field center time, suggestive of diminished working memory, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Abnormal auditory-evoked gamma oscillations, working memory, and anxiety-related behavior were normalized by treatment with baclofen, but impaired sociability was not. Improvements in working memory were evident predominantly in mice whose auditory-evoked gamma oscillations were dampened by baclofen. These findings suggest that racemic baclofen may be useful for targeting sensory and cognitive disturbances in fragile X syndrome.