Search

Key to species of the subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) from Yunnan and Tibet, China 1 Sternite nine ventrally equipped with a pair of nail-like processes................... T. (V.) lushuiensis sp. nov. ��� Sternite nine without such processes....................... 2 2 Tergite nine distally forming a saucer-shaped plate................................................................................... 4 ��� Tergite nine without saucer-shaped plate................ 3 3 Dorsal portion of tergite nine with lobes on posterior margin...................................................................... 5 ��� Dorsal portion of tergite nine without lobes on posterior margin............................................................... 7 4 Gonocoxite horn-shaped........................................................................... T. (V.) subscripta Edwards, 1928 ��� Gonocoxite triangular.............................................. 6 5 Inner gonostylus with lower beak........................... 8 ��� Inner gonostylus without lower beak............................. T. (V.) butvilai Starkevich, Saldaitis & Men, 2019 6 Inner gonostylus curved in claw shape, without lower beak........................ T. (V.) scandens Edwards, 1928 ��� Inner gonostylus curved in claw shape, with lower beak.......... T. (V.) opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955, Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Starkevich, Pavel, He, Li-Fan, Shi, Jian-Xiong, Shi, Mei-Ying, Zhang, Zhong-Xin, Hu, Jia-Hui, Chen, An & Zhang, Yi-Xue, 2021, Tipula (Vestiplex) from Yunnan and Tibet, China: one new species and redescriptions of five known species (Diptera: Tipulidae), pp. 341-362 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2) on page 360, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2021.020, http://zenodo.org/record/5820916, {"references":["STARKEVICH P., SALDAITIS A. & MEN Q. L. 2019: Tipula (Vestiplex) butvilai sp. nov., a new crane fly (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 869: 91 - 101."]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) auriculatalobata sp. nov. (Figs 28���36) Holotype: Male, China, NW Yunnan, Lijiang / Zhangdian, near Tuguancun, elev. 3200 m, N27��29.700���, E 99��53.700���, 24���25.v.2012, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0418m, wing slide No. PS 0419m (NRC). Paratype: 1 male topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0420m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with yellowish-brown thorax, yellow base and brown tip of abdomen and yellowish-brown wing. Antenna, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 ventrally with a pair of large, heavily sclerotised ear-shaped lobes. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a rounded plate, terminated into dark upper beak, lower beak is surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Gonocoxite subrectangular in outline, unarmed. Sternite 9 with dorsal lobe of A9S short, finger-shaped. Description. Adult (Fig. 28), male (N=2). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 13.0��� 13.2 mm, wing length 15.5���15.7 mm. Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex and occiput darker in coloration with dark brown median line. Rostrum yellow with ventral side darker, nasus yellow. Antenna 13-segmented, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape yellow, elongate, more than four times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brown, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus with basal three segments yellowish-brown, apical segment black. Thorax. Yellowish-brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, slightly darker on ventral side. Mesonotal prescutum with three brown longitudinal stripes, median stripe very broad, expanded apically, lateral stripes elliptical, closely connected with median stripe, with many short and light setae situated between stripes. Stripes nearly cover entire prescutal dorsum. Scutum yellowish-brown with brown marking. Scutellum yellowish-brown, slightly darker medially. Postnotum entirely yellowish. Pleuron yellowish, dorsal side of anepisternum and ventral side of katepisternum suffused with brown. Leg slender, coxa and trochanter yellowish, femur brown with basal 2/5 yellowish-brown, with broad yellowish band before darkened apex, tibia and tarsal segments brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 29) yellowish-brown, semitransparent, pterostigma darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, petiole of cell m 1 subequal in length to discal cell and distinctly shorter than cell m 1 . Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1���4 yellow, lateral margins narrowly suffused with brown, tergites 5���7 brown with yellow margins, sternite 1���4 entirely yellow, sternites 5���7 brown with yellow margins, abdominal segment 8 and hypopygium totally brown. Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 basally confused with sternite 9 in lateral view, entirely divided into two parts in dorsal view. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 shallowly emarginated at hind margin, with long setae on slightly extended lateral corners.Ventral side of tergite 9 with pair of large, heavily sclerotised, densely dotted ear-shaped lobes (Figs 30���32). Gonocoxite broad, subrectangular in outline, unarmed (Fig. 30). Outer gonostylus nearly oval rounded apically (Figs 30, 34). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded plate, terminating into dark upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 33). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area and with swollen area at base. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite well developed (Figs 35, 36). Sternite 9 with ventral lobe of A9S in the shape of roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae. Dorsal lobe of A9S short, finger-shaped, apically obtuse, provided with setae (Fig. 36). Biology and distribution. A total of 2 males were collected during a single cold night on 25 May, 2012 in south-western China, Yunnan province, in a remote area in the Hengduan Shan (mountains) near Lijiang ��� Zhongdian (Fig. 39) on the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. The new species was collected near a small river with valley meadows and dry rocky slopes surrounded by mixed forests and wetlands. The mixed forests were dominated by broad-leaved trees including oaks (Quercus dentata, Q. glauca), poplars (Populus cathayana, P. simonii), elms (Ulmus parvifolia), rhododendrons (Rhododendron brachycarpum, R. dauricum) and pines. Discussion. T. (V.) auriculatalobata sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group on the basis of a combination of characters including unarmed gonocoxite, shape of inner gonostylus and the presence of well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. It can be separated from all known species in this group by large heavily sclerotised ear-shaped ventral lobes of tergite 9. Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin ��� auriculata ��� with ��� lobata ���, referring to the presence of ear-shaped plates on tergite 9., Published as part of Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2019, Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China, pp. 69-86 in Zootaxa 4679 (1) on pages 81-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3470070

Tipula (Vestiplex) maoxianensis sp. nov. (Figs 9–17) Holotype: Male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31°46.310’, E103°42.898’, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0413m (NRC). Paratypes: 3 males, topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0414m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing, spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of a narrowed concave saucer, with main body light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotized, anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border, medially interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch. Description. Adult (Fig. 9), male (N=4). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 11.5–12.5 mm, wing length 13.5–14.5 mm. Head. Brownish-gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownishgray, nasus gray, very short. Antenna 12-segmented, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel brown, very short. Flagellum with first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely brown, subequal in length to second flagellomere, with subsequent flagellomeres changing to brownish-black, lighter at apex and enlarged basally, gradually shorter towards apex, basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker indistinct longitudinal stripes. Median pair narrowly divided by brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral stripes. Scutum dark brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, with latter bearing black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 10) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at origin of Rs and at stigmal area, with diffuse brown patches at distal and middle area of bm, with latter extended along Cu. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal segments 1–3 yellowish-brown, gradually darker starting from segment 4. Dorsal median stripe interrupted at caudal margins of segments. Lateral stripe narrow. Hypopygium. Yellowish-brown. Tergite 9 in the shape of narrowed concave saucer (Fig. 12). The main body of tergal saucer light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotised; lateral angles of tergal saucer obtuse; anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border medially broadly interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth (Figs 11, 14). Outer gonostylus flattened, widest at the middle with apex obtuse (Fig. 15). Inner gonostylus in the shape of large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch (Fig. 16). Adminiculum in shape of triangular groove, broad at base and gradually narrowed to apex in dorsal view, gonapophyses short and wrinkled, adminicular rods long (Figs 13, 17). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 13). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aestiva: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, south shore of Kuku-nor lake, VIII.1901 (Kozlov); paratype, female, topotypic; paratype, male, Sogon-Gomba, I-chu river, up to Yangtze river, VII.1900 (Kozlov); paratype, male, shore of Orin-nor lake, Huang-he Basin, V-VI.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) longitudinalis: 1 male, 2 females, Mongolia, Chövsgöl aimak, N von Somon Chatgal am SW Rand des Sees Chövsgöl nuur, 1650 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, Mannheims det. 1969, 18.VII.1968 (HNHM); 15 males, 1 female, Khentii Aimag, Tsenkhermandal Soum, spring headwaters Tsenkher Gol, 29 km North of Tsenkhermandal, N47.92564, E109.16114, elev. 1589 m, 23.VII.2011 (ANSP); T. (V.) opilionimorpha: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, valley of river Dzagyn-gol, 1–6.VII.1900 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) virgatula: 3 males, Mongolia, Ubruchangaj aimak, Changaj Gebirge, 21 km O von somon Narijnteel, 2080 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 1964, 27.VI.1964 (HNHM); 5 females, Bajanchongor aimak, Changaj Gebirge, Ulaan colon, 18 km S vom Pass Egijn davaa, 2300 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 21.VI.1966 (HNHM); 13 males, Bayankhongor Aimag, Erdenesogt Soum, Shargaljuut Gol, 10 km NE of Shargaljuut Rashaan Hot Spring, jct Ugalzyn Gol, N46.35902, E101.27559, elev. 2186 m, 4.VII.2011 (ANSP). Biology and distribution. Four males were collected during a single rainy night on 20 May, 2017 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Maoxian. The new species was collected at an altitude of 1800 meters in a valley sparsely covered by mixed forests dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Fig. 37). Discussion. The new species is most similar to T. (V.) aestiva but differs by details of tergite 9. Tipula (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. has tergite 9 with lateral corners rounded, while T. (V.) aestiva lateral corners obtuse and distinctly blackened. They can also be separated by antenna reaching the fifth abdominal segment in T. (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. while antenna reach the base of the abdomen in T. (V.) aestiva. Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ maoxian ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species. Tipula ( Vestiplex ) divisotergata species group The divisotergata species group was proposed by Savchenko (1964) based on the shape of the male gonocoxite and tergite 9. A list of species belonging to the divisotergata group is revised and the following species are recognized in China: T. (V.) adungensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) divisotergata Alexander, 1932, T. (V.) nokonis Alexander, 1928, T. (V.) rongtoensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) subapterogyne Alexander, 1920, T. (V.) verecunda Alexander, 1924 and T. (V.) zayulensis Alexander, 1963. The divisotergata species group belongs to the part of T. (Vestiplex) whose males are characterized by tergite 9 divided by a pale membrane. In this part males of the divisotergata species group can be easily recognized by simple unarmed gonocoxite, inner gonostylus has lower beak with roundly swollen area and usually well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. Ventral lobes of tergite 9 appear as small narrow sclerotised plates in T. (V.) verecunda, T. (V.) adungensis, T. (V.) zayulensis, as bilobed foot-shaped structures in T. (V.) divisotergata or as pale rods in T. (V.) rongtoensis (Alexander 1932, 1963).

Tipula (Vestiplex) borthi sp. nov. (Figs 1���8) Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31��46.310���, E103��42.898���, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0411m (NRC). Paratypes: 7 males topotypic, wing slide No. PS0412m; 1 male, China, Qinghai, South from Xining, Laji Shan Mt., elev. 3070 m, N36��22.614���, E101��33.644���, 26���29.V.2017, A. Saldaitis leg.; 5 males, S.W. Gansu, Xiahe (Labrang), elev. 2900 m, N35��11.968���, E102��33.545���, 23.V.2017, A. Saldaitis leg. (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate, with posterior margin blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision; lateral corner obtuse; dorsomedian sclerotised area anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite subtriangular. Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped. Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth. Description. Adult (Fig. 1), male (N=14). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 9.7���11.9 mm, wing length 11.5���13.5 mm. Head. Brownish gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownish, very thinly dusted with gray, nasus gray and relatively short. Antenna 13-segmented, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape brown, gray pruinose, three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically, pedicel brown, thinly gray pruinose, very short. Flagellum with the first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely yellowish-brown, distinctly shorter than next 7 flagellomeres. The second flagellomere bicolorous, with enlarged base dark brown and apical half brown, flagellomeres 2���4 subequal in length, with subsequent flagellomeres gradually shorter apically. Basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker longitudinal stripes, median pair bordered by dark brown. Interspace between median and lateral stripes gray with light and short setae. Scutum brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose. Pleuron brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish-brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments passing into dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 2) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at arcular area, at origin of Rs and at pterostigma area, with brown clouds in middle and distal area of cell bm, later extended along CuA 2 . Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 twice as long as petiole. Halter entirely yellowish-brown, thinly dusted with gray. Abdomen. Yellowish-brown, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, sternites 1���5 entirely yellowishbrown, remaining sternites gradually darker. Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 (Fig. 4) in the shape of shallowly emarginated, pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate. Posterior margin of tergal saucer blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision. Lateral corners of tergal saucer obtuse. A pair of small blackened points near lateral corners. Tergal saucer with specific dorsomedian sclerotised area, anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite short, subtriangular, unarmed (Figs 3, 5). Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped (Fig. 5). Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth (Fig. 7). Adminiculum in the shape of a depressed flattened plate, posterolaterally produced into obtuse projection (Fig. 8). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 5). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aptera: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, Sanka village, Den-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, 17.VI.1901 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 2 males, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) erectiloba: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 11000 feet, 26.V.1938 (Tsen); paratypes, 12 males, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) pauxilla: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Dza-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, IV.1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 2 males, topotypic, V.1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 4 males, Gorin-Chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, V.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) setigera: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, Amdos Highland, Ngvarsi river, Pass Namyn-gyg, altitude 3394 m, 16.V.1885 (Potanin) (ZIN). Biology and distribution. A total of 14 males were collected at the end of May 2017 in remote parts of central and west China including Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu Provinces near the Maoxian, Xining and Xiahe. The new species was collected at altitudes ranging from 1800 to 3000 m in the following mountainous areas: dry valley of mountain river, rarely covered by mixed forest and dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Maoxian, Sichuan) (Fig. 37); narrow and stony river, valley rarely covered by mixed bushes (Xiahe, Gansu); shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (near Xining, Qinghai). Discussion. The new species was compared to all four known species in this group based on type or non-type material, and it is mostly similar to T. (V.) pauxilla in body color, wing venation, shape of tergite 9 and inner gonostylus. T. (V.) borthi sp. nov. can be easily separated by its long antenna almost reaching the end of the abdomen (reaching half of abdomen in T. (V.) pauxilla), yellowish-brown abdomen (distinctly reddish-yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), entirely black palpus (yellowish brown in T. (V.) pauxilla), brown pedicel (pedicel yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), tergite 9 with obtuse lateral corner (distinctly rounded in T. (V.) pauxilla) and inner gonostylus with large rostrum (small in T. (V.) pauxilla). Etymology. The new species is named after our good friend, prominent specialist of genus Catocala (Lepidoptera) Robert Borth. Tipula ( Vestiplex ) virgatula species group The virgatula group was proposed by Savchenko (1960, 1964) with additional discussion in Dia and Theowald (1982). Males of the virgatula group are characterized by large triangular or subrectangular gonocoxite and tergite 9 with weakly modified tergal saucer. An additional feature that characterizes males of the virgatula group is the small gonapophyses (Fig. 17). Females with hypovalvae greatly reduced, tooth-shaped. The virgatula group includes the following species in China: T. (V.) aestiva Savchenko, 1960 (China), T. (V.) opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955 (China) and T. (V.) virgatula (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Mongolia)., Published as part of Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2019, Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China, pp. 69-86 in Zootaxa 4679 (1) on pages 71-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3470070, {"references":["Savchenko, E. N. (1960) A contribution to the taxonomy of crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the subgenus Vestiplex Bezzi of the genus Tipula L. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 47, 143 - 216 [in Russian]","Savchenko, E. N. (1964) Crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae), Subfam. Tipulinae, Genus Tipula L., 2. Fauna USSR, New Series, 89 (Insecta Diptera), 4, 1 - 503. [in Russian]","Dia, A. & Theowald, Br. (1982) Tipula (Vestiplex) relicta nov. spec., ein fruhpleistozanes Relikt aus Libanon (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 9, 21 - 24."]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. (Figs 18–27) Holotype: Male, China, W. Sichuan, near Xinduqiao, elev. 3611 m, N30°04.256’, E101°25.156’, 14.vi.2015, A. Floriani & A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0415m (NRC). Paratypes: 8 males topotypic, genitalia slide No. PS 0416m, wing slide No. PS 0417m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, abdomen basally yellow and apically brown, wing yellowish-brown. Antenna reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Gonocoxite simple, unarmed. Tergite 9 with ventral blackened plates absent, only with pair of membranous lobes on ventral side. Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique. Inner gonostylus rounded, terminated in short black upper beak and lower beak surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle; ventral lobe of A9S roughly rounded sclerite; dorsal lobe of A9S very small, reduced sclerite. Description. Adult (Fig. 18), male (N=9). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 11.3–12.9 mm, wing length 15.0– 17.7 mm. Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex yellow, occiput yellowish-brown, gradually narrowed to vertex, forming median line. Rostrum yellowish-brown, nasus relatively elongate, brown dusted with gray. Antenna 12–segmented, reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brownish-black, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum entirely brownish-gray. Mesonotal prescutum gray pruinose with four distinct longitudinal stripes bordered by dark brown. Median pair narrowly divided by broad brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral gray stripes. Scutum dark brown, thinly gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, former with black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter yellowish-brown, femur yellowish-brown at basal half and gradually darkened to apex, tibia brown with dark brown tip, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple, without tooth. Wing (Fig. 19) yellowishbrown, translucent, pterostigma slightly darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, more than twice as long as petiole of cell m 1 , cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob slightly darker than stem. Abdomen. Basal four segments yellow, gradually suffused with brown apically, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, tergite 1 with broad median stripe. Hypopygium. Brown. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 with deep V-shaped emargination, without pale median membrane, densely covered with many long setae on lateral corners (Fig. 21). Ventral portion with pair of membranous lobes (Fig. 22). Gonocoxite simple, unarmed (Figs 20, 21, 25). Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique (Fig. 23). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded sclerite, terminated into short black upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 24). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area; swollen area basally. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite inconspicuous (Figs 26, 27). Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle (Fig. 20). Ventral lobe of A9S in the shape of a roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae (Figs 25–27). Dorsal lobe of A9S very small, reduced (Figs 26, 27), usually covered by surrounding barely visible sclerites. Comparative material examined: T. (V.) adungensis: Holotype, male, N. E. Burma [Myanmar], Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 10.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246039 and paratype, female BMNH (E)#246040 pinned together; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 9000 feet, 6.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246041; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 26.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246042 (BMNH); T. (V.) divisotergata: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 4500 feet, 17.VII.1929 (Franck); paratype, male, 23.VII.1929, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) zayulensis: Holotype, male, China, S. E. Tibet, Ata Kang, altitude 8000 feet, 29.V.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246045; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 6.VI.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246046; paratype, male, SE Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 3.VI.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246047; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Lepa Chu Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 6.VII.1935 (R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246048 (BMNH); T. (V.) verecunda: Holotype, male, Russia, Sakhalin, Toyohara [= Yuzno-Sakhalinsk], 16.VII.1922 (T. Esaki) (USNM); 3 males, Sakhalin, Kuznecevo, 19.VII.1953 (Violovich) (ZIN); 1 male, 1 female, Kunashir island, 22.VII.1988 (E. Budrys) det. S. Podenas, (MZVU); 1 male, China, Shaanxi, Qinling Mts., Hauzherza vill., elev. 1600 m, N33º52.423’, E107º48.779’, 2–3.VI.2009, Saldaitis & Floriani (NRC); T. (V.) nokonis: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, altitude 9800 feet, 27.VI.1927 (S. Isiki) (USNM); T. (V.) subapterogyne: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, 11.V.1919 (T. Shiraki); paratypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (USNM). Biology and distribution. A total of 9 males were collected during a single cold night on 14 June, 2015 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Xinduqiao. The new species was collected at an altitude of 3600 m in shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (Fig. 38). Discussion. T. (V.) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group based on the unarmed gonocoxite and shape of inner gonostylus. From all other species of divisotergata species group it differs by an absence of ventral sclerotised plates in tergite 9 and an unusually small reduced A9S dorsal lobe. It is mostly similar to T. (V.) rongtoensis whose tergite 9 ventrally has only a pale rod (Alexander 1963). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ xinduqiao ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species.

Tipula (Sivatipula) multidentata Men sp. nov. (Figs. 1–13) Diagnosis. Body yellow in general; thorax yellow with three brownish-yellow stripes on prescutum; wing brownish-yellow with a light brown stigma; abdomen straw-yellow with lateral stripes brown, segments six and seven black, hypopygium straw-yellow; tergite nine emarginated at posterior margin and densely covered with small black teeth, terminated into two horn-shaped processes at lateral corner. Material examined: Type specimens 3 males. Holotype: male, China, Guizhou, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 26°21'N, 108°13'E, 17 May 2016, leg. Qiulei Men. Paratypes: 2 males, Guizhou, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 26°21'N, 108°13'E, 2 June 2015, leg. Guoxi Xue. Description. Adult, length (male): body 14.5–14.7 mm (not including antenna, n = 3); wing 18.6–19.0 mm (n = 3); antenna 18.8–20.0 mm (n = 3). Head. Straw-yellow with rostrum darker in coloration laterally. Nasus straw-yellow densely covered with black setae. Eye black. Vertex lacking of marking (Fig. 1). Antenna: 12-segmented, distinctly longer than body; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow, rest flagellomeres brown, each flagellomere cylindrical, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Head including vertex and rostrum densely covered with black setae. Palpus light brown. Thorax. Pronotum straw-yellow. Prescutum straw-yellow with three stripes slightly darker in coloration (Fig. 2). Scutum, scutellum and postnotum yellow (Fig. 2). Lateral sides of scutum and scutellum covered with black setae. Pleuron entirely bright yellow (Fig. 3). Legs very slender, coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow basally and gradually changed into light brown, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Halter straw-yellow. Wing pale brown, cell sc not darker than ground color, stigma light brown (Fig. 6). Sc slightly longer than R 3 in length, petiole of cell m1 subequal in length to m-m, discal cell narrow (Fig. 6). Abdomen. Segments one to five yellow with black lateral stripes and irregular median stripe, segments six and seven wholly black (Fig. 4). Hypopygium yellow (Figs. 4, 5). Tergite nine emarginated at posterior margin, terminated into a pair of horn-shaped processes at lateral corners, whole posterior margin of tergite nine densely equipped with black teeth, a pair of lobes generated from ventral-lateral portion of tergite nine which densely covered with black teeth apically (Figs. 7, 8). Sternite nine broad with a V-shaped notch medially, with many long setae on its lateral corners (Fig. 9). Outer gonostylus narrowed and curved, equipped with numerous small black teeth at apex (Figs. 7–10). Inner gonostylus expanded apically, forming two beaks at lateral sides (Figs. 7–10). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped (Fig. 11). Posterior immovable apodeme with one median arm and two broad membranous extensions at lateral sides (Fig. 12). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened, expanded and rounded in dorsal view (Figs. 12, 13). Aedeagus elongated, tubular, relatively thick, more than 1.5 times as long as semen pump (Fig. 13). Distribution. China (Guizhou). Remarks. T. (S.) multidentata sp. nov. is mostly similar to T. (S.) similis, a species from Guangxi, China, by the body colours as well as the structure of hypopygium. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the tergite nine which is lacking of finger-shaped processes. The latter species has its tergite nine bearing two finger-shaped processes (Men et al. 2016). There is also a noticeable difference in the shape of the inner gonostylus which is expanded apically in the new species, but broadened at base in T. (S.) similis. Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective made up of the Latin ‘ multi ’ with ‘ dentata ’, referring to the dense dentations on posterior margin of tergite nine, apex of ventral-lateral lobes and outer gonostylus., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Tang, Li, Wu, Li-Mei, Ji, Zhi-Xin & Li, Cong-Hu, 2018, Description of two new species in long-horned crane fly subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) (Diptera: Tipulidae) from China, pp. 195-200 in Zootaxa 4415 (1) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/1241813

Men, Qiu-Lei, Xue, Guo-Xi, Yang, Xue-Meng (2016): Two new species of subgenusSivatipula from China (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (2): 805-811, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5310566, {"references":["ALEXANDER C. P. 1964: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LIII. Philippine Journal of Science 93: 77-130.","ALEXANDER C. P. & BYERS G. W. 1981: Tipulidae. Pp. 153-190. In: McALPINE J. F., PETERSON B. V., SHEWELL G. E., TESKEY H. J., VOCKEROTH J. R. & WOOD D. M. (eds): Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, 674 pp.","FROMMER S. I. 1963: Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin 44: 535-625.","OOSTERBROEK P. 2016: Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: http://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php (accessed 9 May 2016)","XUE G. X. & MEN Q. L. 2016: New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China, with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipula). ZooKeys 563: 33-42."]}

Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis Men, sp. nov. (Figs 1–16) Type locality. China, Yunnan Province, Tongbiguan National Nature Reserve, 24°36′N, 97°36′E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, ‘ China: Yunnan Province, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan National Nature Reserve, 10. V. 2016, Guoxi Xue coll. / HOLOTYPE [red] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis sp. nov. Men det., 2016’. PARATYPE: 1J, same data as the holotype.The paratype bears the following label: ‘ PARATYPE [yellow] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis sp. nov. Men det., 2016’. Diagnosis. General colouration yellow; antenna slightly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes; wing pale brown with a dark brown stigma, cell sc darker than the remaining part of wing; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine terminating into two broad lobes in lateral angles, densely covered with black setae at apex, inner and outer gonostylus relatively small. Description. Male. Length: body 13.2–13.4 mm (not including antenna, n = 2), wing 16.0– 16.2 mm (n = 2), antenna: 14.0– 14.2 mm (n = 2). Head orange-yellow. Rostrum light brown, with a light brown nasus. Vertex unmarked (Fig. 1). Eye black. Antenna: 12-segmented, slightly longer than body; scape light yellow, expanded apically; pedicel light yellow, short; flagellomeres black, each flagellomere cylindrical, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Palpus light brown. Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Prescutum orange-yellow, with three light brown stripes. Scutum, scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Pleuron entirely bright yellow (Fig. 4). Legs slender, coxae and trochanters stramineous, femora stramineous with light brown tip, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Haltere with stem yellow, knob darker in coloration. Wing transparent, pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown. Rs relatively short, slightly shorter than R3, petiole of cell m1 subequal to m-m in length, distinctly shorter than the length of discal cell (Fig. 3). Abdomen bright yellow, segments six and seven black (Fig. 7). Hypopygium orange, broad and compressed in lateral view (Figs 5, 7–8). Tergite nine shallowly emarginated at posterior margin, terminating into two broad lobes in lateral angles, densely covered with black setae at apex (Figs 6, 10). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruded to a membranous extension (Figs 5, 8–9). Outer gonostylus flattened, curved, with many black setae at apex (Figs 9, 12–13). Inner gonostylus flattened, curved, apically produced into a beak in inner side, with many long hairy setae generated from outer side, the longest one longer than the length of inner gonostylus (Figs 11, 14). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arms apically expanded, basally dark in coloration (Figs 15–16). Posterior immovable apodeme with one arm, distinctly longer than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowing towards apex and curved cephalad in lateral view (Fig. 15). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened (Fig. 15). Aedeagus elongate, tubular, apically acute. Differential diagnosis. We compared the new species with all known congeneric species based on published descriptions and illustrations, and found that it is most similar to the Indian species T. (S.) bhishma, by the presence of long lobes on tergite nine. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the shape of outer gonostylus which lacks a finger-like rod and is equipped apically with black setae, as illustrated in Figures 12–13 (produced into a slender finger-like rod in inner margin and without black setae on apex in T. (S.) bhishma as described by ALEXANDER (1964: 105)). Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Chinese spelling ‘ Tongbiguan ’ with Latin suffix ‘- ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species. Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Tipula (Sivatipula) similis Men, sp. nov. (Figs 17���28) Type locality. China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Lianhuashan Mountain, 24��09���N, 110��07���E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, ��� China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Jinxiu County, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Lianhuashan Mountain, 14. V. 2016, Guoxi Xue coll. / HOLOTYPE [red] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) similis sp. nov. Men det., 2016���. PARATYPE: 1J, same data as the holotype except from the collector being Qiulei Men. Paratype bears the following label: ��� PARATYPE [yellow] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) similis sp. nov. Men det., 2016���. Diagnosis. General colouration orange-yellow; antenna distinctly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes; wing pale brown with a dark brown stigma; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine with two finger-like processes medially, ventrolateral portions of tergite nine projected into two lobes, densely covered with black setae, outer gonostylus curved squarely. Description. Male. Length: body 17.4���17.6 mm (not including antenna, n = 2), wing 21.2���21.4 mm (n = 2), antenna 22.0��� 22.1 mm (n = 2). Head stramineous. Rostrum light brown with a light brown nasus. Vertex without marking (Fig. 17). Eye black. Antenna: 12-segmented, distinctly longer than body; scape light yellow, expanded apically; pedicel light yellow; flagellomeres light brown, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Palpus light brown. Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Fig. 18). Prescutum stramineous with three light brown stripes (Fig. 18). Scutum, scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow. Pleuron entirely bright yellow with a black spot (Fig. 20). Legs slender, coxae and trochanters stramineous, femora stramineous with light brown tip, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Haltere with stem yellow, knob brown. Wing pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown. Rs relatively short, subequal to R 3 in length, petiole of cell m1 slightly longer than m-m, slightly shorter than the length of discal cell (Fig. 19). Abdomen bright yellow on basal two segments, gradually changing to light brown on following segments, segments six and seven almost entirely black (Fig. 21). Hypopygium broad, compressed in lateral view (Fig. 22). Tergite nine shallowly emarginated at posterior margin, two finger-like processes arising from the median region, apically provided with many black setae on dorsal side (Figs 23���24); lateral sides of tergite nine with numerous long hairy setae (Figs 23���24); ventrolateral portions of tergite nine projecting into two lobes, densely covered with black setae (Figs 23���24). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruding into a membranous extension (Figs 22���23). Outer gonostylus narrow, flattened, apical one-third curved squarely and gradually narrowed to end, many black setae densely covered on inner side in lateral view (Figs 25���26). Inner gonostylus flattened, narrowed basally, terminating into a small, horn-shaped process (Figs 25���26). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arm expanding apically (Figs 27���28). Posterior immovable apodeme with one arm, gradually narrowing towards apex and curved cephalad in lateral view, the arm deeply grooved in dorsal view (Fig. 27). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened. Aedeagus elongated, tubular, acute apically (Fig. 27). Differential diagnosis. We compared the new species with all known congeneric species, based on published descriptions and illustrations, and found that it is most similar to T. (S.) biprocessa, another species recorded from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, by the color of body and the structures of hypopygium. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the shallowly emarginated posterior margin of tergite nine, which bears two finger-like processes covered with many black setae as illustrated in Figures 23���24 (posterior margin of tergite nine rounded, with two finger-like processes lacking black setae in T. (S.) biprocessa as figured in XUE & MEN (2016: Fig. 18)). There is also a noticeable difference in the shape of outer gonostylus, which is curved squarely on apical one-third in new species, but bent obtusely on apical two-fifths in T. (S.) biprocessa. Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective similis (- is, - e), meaning similar, emphasizing the morphological similarity of the new species and its relatives. Distribution. China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Xue, Guo-Xi & Yang, Xue-Meng, 2016, Two new species of subgenusSivatipula from China (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula), pp. 805-811 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (2) on pages 809-810, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310566, {"references":["XUE G. X. & MEN Q. L. 2016: New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China, with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipula). ZooKeys 563: 33 - 42."]}

Men, Qiu-Lei (2015): Report on crane flies of the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipulinae) from Anhui Province, China. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2): 797-810, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5758020, {"references":["ALEXANDER C. P. 1920: New or little-known crane-flies from Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 46: 1-26.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1921: New species of Japanese crane-flies. Part II. (Diptera, Tipulidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 9: 179-186.","ALEXANDER C. P.1924: New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera).XXV. Palaearctic species.Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 457-477.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1935a: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXIV. Philippine Journal of Science 56: 525-562.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1935b: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXII. Philippine Journal of Science 55: 133-164.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1936: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXVIII. Philippine Journal of Science 58: 385-426.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1937: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern China. Part I. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 4: 1-28.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1953: Records and descriptions of Japanese Tipulidae (Diptera). Part I. The crane-flies of Shikoku. I. Philippine Journal of Science 82: 21-75.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1961: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). L. Philippine Journal of Science 90: 397-445.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1964: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LIII. Philippine Journal of Science 93: 77-130.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1966: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LVI. Philippine Journal of Science 94: 235-286.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1968: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LXI. Philippine Journal of Science 95: 353-400.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1970: New or little-known species of Asiatic Tipulidae (Diptera). III. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 96: 307-352.","ALEXANDER C. P.1971: Undescribed species of Japanese Tipulidae (Dipters). Part IV.Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 11: 1-13.","ALEXANDER C. P. & BYERS G. W. 1981: Tipulidae. Pp. 153-190. In: McALPINE J. F., PETERSON B. V., SHEWELL G. E., TESKEY H. J., VOCKEROTH J. R. & WOOD D. M. (eds.): Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, 674 pp.","DUFOUR C. 1991: The identity of Tipula (Emodotipula) saginata Bergroth and T. (E.) obscuriventris Strobl, and the description of Tipula (E.) leo sp. n. from the Sierra Nevada in Spain (Diptera, Tipulidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 64: 81-91.","DUFOUR C. 2003: Descriptions of four new species of Tipulidae from the Alpes-Maritimes in southern France (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles 126: 69-80.","FROMMER S. I. 1963: Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin 44: 535-625.","MEN Q. L. & YU D. P. 2015: One new species of the subgenus Hexatoma (Eriocera) Macquart (Diptera, Limoniidae) from China with a key to Chinese species. ZooKeys 477: 157-171.","OOSTERBROEK P. 2015: Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World, (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: nlbif.eti.uva.nl/ccw/ (accessed 3 January 2015)","RIBEIRO G. C. 2006: Homology of the gonostylus parts in crane flies, with emphasis on the families Tipulidae and Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipulomorpha). Zootaxa 1110: 47-57.","YOUNG C. W. 2014: First records of crane fly subgenus Emodotipula Alexander (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula) from Taiwan and Thailand, with description of new species. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 82: 231-239."]}

Men, Qiu-Lei, Xue, Guo-Xi, Liu, Yue (2015): A morphological study on reproductive system of Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker (Diptera: Tipulidae). Zoological Systematics 40 (3): 328-338, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150308, URL: http://zoobank.org/5c9fdb0c-553b-463b-9e70-c35345dcfe55

Libnotes (Libnotes) Westwood, 1876 Libnotes (Libnotes) Westwood, 1876. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London, 1876: 505. Type species: Libnotes thwaitesiana Westwood, 1876, by monotypy. Key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Libnotes 1. Pleura variegated by blackened or infuscated areas............................................................................................................................. 3 Pleura without blackened or infuscated areas.......................................................................................................................................2 2. Prescutum unmarked............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Prescutum with stripes.........................................................................................................................................................................5 3. Abdominal tergite with median stripe.................................................................................................................................................. 6 Abdominal tergite without median stripe.............................................................................................................................................7 4. Abdomen orange-yellow, the lateral line narrowly infused; hypopygium dark brown (Alexander, 1923: 468).................................................................................................................................................................. L. (L.) subopaca Alexander, 1923 (China: Taiwan) Abdomen entirely light yellow; hypopygium entirely light yellow (Alexander, 1934: 41)............................................................................................................................................................................................ L. (L.) basistrigata (Alexander, 1934) (China: Fujian) 5. Prescutum with one median stripe (Alexander, 1930: 61)........................... L. (L.) recurvinervis (Alexander, 1930) (China: Sichuan) Prescutum with at least two stripes......................................................................................................................................................8 6. Prescutum with four reddish-brown stripes; femora with tip yellow (Alexander, 1949: 529)................................................................................................................................................................................................ L. (L.) apitata (Alexander, 1949) (China: Fujian) Prescutum without stripe; femora with tip darkened (Alexander, 1921: 180)......................................................................................................................................................................................... L. (L.) longistigma Alexander, 1921 (China: Taiwan; Japan, Russia) 7. Antennae uniformly colored................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Antennae with scape black, flagellum light brown or brown............................................................................................................. 10 8. Antennae black throughout; abdomen brownish-black throughout (Alexander, 1934: 42)................................................................................................................................................................................................ L. (L.) griseola (Alexander, 1934) (China: Taiwan) Antennae brown throughout; abdomen festucine-yellow with tergites narrowly pale in lateral margins (Fig. 5)............................................................................................................................................................................................... L. (L.) pseudonohirai sp. nov. 9. Femora with subterminal ring............................................................................................................................................................ 11 Femora without subterminal ring (Alexander, 1936: 123)........................ L. (L.) quinquecostata (Alexander, 1936) (China: Hainan) 10. Femora with subterminal ring............................................................................................................................................................12 Femora without subterminal ring (Fig. 1)...................................................................................................... L. (L.) wanensis sp. nov. 11. Pleura with a black dot beneath the root of the wing; prescutum without stripe (Edwards, 1916: 355).................................................................................................................................................................... L. (L.) limpid Edwards, 1916 (China: Taiwan; Malaysia) Pleura without black dot; prescutum with a pair of stripes (Alexander, 1935: 141)................................................................................................................................................................................................. L. (L.) comissabunda (Alexander, 1935) (China: Taiwan) 12. Pleura with one narrow brownish-black stripe (Alexander, 1943: 175).......... L. (L.) sappho (Alexander, 1943) (China: Guangdong) Pleura with two narrow dark brown stripes (Alexander, 1949: 530)..................... L. (L.) tszi (Alexander, 1949) (China: Guangdong), Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, 2015, Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species, pp. 79-85 in Zoological Systematics 40 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, http://zenodo.org/record/4616899, {"references":["Westwood, J. O. 1876. Notae Dipterologicae. No. 2. Descriptions of some new exotic species of Tipulidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1 876: 501 - 506.","Alexander, C. P. 1923. Undescribed crane flies from Formosa and Luzon (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science, 22: 467 - 481.","Alexander, C. P. 1934. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXI. Philippine Journal of Science, 55: 19 - 60.","Alexander, C. P. 1930. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). VI. Philippine Journal of Science, 42: 59 - 83.","Alexander, C. P. 1949. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). LXXXV. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2 (12): 512 - 538.","Alexander, C. P. 1921. New species of Japanese crane-flies. Part II. (Diptera, Tipulidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 9: 179 - 186.","Alexander, C. P. 1936. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXXII. Philippine Journal of Science, 61: 113 - 149.","Alexander, C. P. 1935. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXII. Philippine Journal of Science, 55: 133 - 164.","Alexander, C. P. 1943. New or little-known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 12 (B): 173 - 180."]}

Libnotes (Libnotes) wanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1���4) Length. Body, male 9.8���10.0 mm (n= 2). Wing, male 16.3���16.5 mm (n= 2). Rostrum black throughout, relatively short, about equal in length to head; palpi black; eyes black; antennae with scape black and elongate, four to five times longer than pedicel, cylindrical, pedicel black and spherical, flagellum light brown with flagellomeres one to five spherical, gradually smaller, remainder of flagellomeres cylindrical. Head light brown. Pronotum light brown. Prescutum with ground color festucine-yellow, patterned with a broad median stripe, almost extending entire length of prescutum, lateral borders of median stripe with a pair of lateral stripes, black and extending to mid-length of prescutum (Fig. 2); scutal lobes light brown, with a pale stripe in middle; scutellum yellow; postnotum black. Pleura festucine-yellow, with a narrow black longitudinal stripe extending from propleura dorsad to wing-root, with a narrow black stripe on mesepisternum (Fig. 1). Halteres with stem brown, knob black. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; femora festucine-yellow, tips black; tibiae pale yellow, tips narrowly black; tarsi pale brown (Fig. 1). Wings suffused with ground color pale yellow, a series of patterns along veins: Sc with a spot at tip, R 1 with a spot at same level of spot on Sc, with another two spots near apex, Rs with pattern at origin, R 2+3 and R 4+5 respectively with three spots along veins at apical part, M 1+2 with a stripe along vein near tip, remainder of marks illustrated as Fig. 1. Veins pale yellow, black in clouded areas (Fig. 1). Venation: Rs unusually straight and oblique, Sc ending beyond fork of Rs, R 2+3 slightly longer than R 4+5, R 2+3 parallel to R 4+5, M 1+2, M 3 and CuA 1 at apical part (Fig. 1). Abdominal segments festucine-yellow, lateral margins of tergites very narrowly pale (Fig. 1). Hypopygium ochreousyellow. Male hypopygium with ninth tergite broad, rounded at caudal margin (Fig. 4). Gonocoxite narrow, approximately as long as inner gonostylus, with ventromesal lobe slender and finger-shaped (Figs 3���4). Inner gonostylus very large, oval, a pale lobe on surface near base, tip of lobe with a wisp of long setae, rostral prolongation relatively slender, terminating into a curved spine (Figs 3���4). Outer gonostylus hook-shaped, curved at end, uniformly thick except slightly expanded base (Figs 3���4). Paramere with mesal-apical lobe slender and curved (Figs 3���4). Aedeagus relatively thick, expanded and bifid at apex (Figs 3���4). Remarks. This new species is similar to another Chinese species L. (L.) tszi (Alexander, 1949) by the presence of two stripes on pleura, and by the colorations of the antennae and abdomen. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the femora festucine-yellow, without subterminal ring as shown in Fig. 1 (femora yellow, all with a pale brown subterminal ring that is from 3 to 4 times as broad as the yellow tip in L. (L.) tszi as described by Alexander, 1949: 531), and by the absence of band between arculus and origin of Rs as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a broad and virtually continuous subbasal brown band at near mid-distance between arculus and origin of Rs in L. (L.) tszi as described by Alexander, 1949: 531). Material examined. Holotype male, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (elev. 900 m), 14 August 2013, coll. Qiu - Lei Men. Paratype 1 male, same data as holotype, 16 August 2013. Distribution. China (Anhui). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ��� wan ���, the abbreviation of Anhui Province, with Latin suffix ��� ensis ���, referring to the distribution of new species., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, 2015, Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species, pp. 79-85 in Zoological Systematics 40 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, http://zenodo.org/record/4616899, {"references":["Alexander, C. P. 1949. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). LXXXV. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2 (12): 512 - 538."]}

Libnotes (Libnotes) pseudonohirai sp. nov. (Figs 5���8) Length. Body, male 10.6���10.8 mm (n= 3). Wing, male 17.3���17.5 mm (n= 3). Rostrum dark brown, slightly shorter than head; palpi black; eyes black; antennae brown throughout, scape elongate and cylindrical, pedicel spherical, flagellum with flagellomeres one to six spherical, gradually smaller, remainder of flagellomeres slender and cylindrical. Head light brown. Pronotum light brown, a little darker in middle. Prescutum with ground color festucine-yellow, patterned with two median stripes, almost extending entire length of prescutum, converging at apical part and forming a semicircle, humeral region tinged with black (Fig. 6); scutellum yellow; postnotum pale brown. Pleura festucine-yellow, unpatterned (Fig. 5). Halteres with stem brown, knob dark brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; femora festucine-yellow, with a pale brown subterminal ring that is as broad as yellow tip; tibiae pale yellow, tip pale brown; tarsi pale brown (Fig. 5). Wings suffused with pale yellow, Sc with a spot at tip, R 1 with a spot at same level of spot on Sc, apically with another spot, Rs with marking at origin (Fig. 5). Fork of Rs, r-m, and forks of M tinged with dark brown (Fig. 5). Venation: Rs relatively curve, Sc ending beyond fork of Rs, R 2+3 parallel to R 4+5, M 1+2, M 3 and CuA 1 at apical part (Fig. 5). �� Zoological Systematics, 40(1): 79���85 �� Zoological Systematics, 40(1): 79���85 Abdominal segments festucine-yellow, lateral margins of tergites very narrowly pale, apparent only on more proximal segments, caudal margins of segments narrowly more yellow, middle part of tergite suffused with irregular stripe (Fig. 5). Hypopygium pale yellow. Male hypopygium with ninth tergite rounded at caudal margin (Fig. 8). Gonocoxite narrow, slightly longer than inner gonostylus, with ventromesal lobe broad and elongate, almost reaching end of aedeagus (Figs 7���8). Inner gonostylus subtriangular in ventral view, a bifurcated prominence on surface at base, upper prominence long, with a wisp of long setae at apex, lower prominence short, densely covered with strong setae, rostral prolongation relatively slender (Figs 7���8). Outer gonostylus hook-shaped, curved at end, expanded at basal one-third (Figs 7���8). Paramere with mesal-apical lobes broad, straight at inner margins (Figs 7���8). Aedeagus relatively thick, bifid at apex (Figs 7���8). Remarks. This new species is similar to a Palaearctic species L. (L.) nohirai Alexander, 1918 by the colorations of the antennae and thorax, and by the markings on wing and abdomen. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the femora with a pale brown subterminal ring which is as broad as the yellow tip as shown in Fig. 5 (femora without subterminal ring, tip broadly black in L. (L.) nohirai as described by Alexander, 1918: 445 and illustrated at the website of CCW, Oosterbroek, 2014), by the costal and subcostal cells not bright yellow, same with ground color (costal and subcostal cells bright yellow in L. (L.) nohirai as described by Alexander, 1918: 445 and illustrated at the website of CCW, Oosterbroek, 2014), and by the gonocoxite with ventromesal lobe broad and elongate as illustrated in Figs 7���8 (relatively narrow in L. (L.) nohirai as illustrated in Podenas & Gelhaus, 2007: 66, Fig. 120. 2). Material examined. Holotype male, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (elev. 1000 m), 14 August 2013, coll. Qiu - Lei Men. Paratypes 2 males, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (elev. 800 m), 17 August 2013, coll. Zheng - Kui Liu. Distribution. China (Anhui). Etymology. The specific epithet bases on the name of a related species, nohirai, with Latin prefix ��� pseudo ���, referring to the morphological similarity of the new species to nohirai., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, 2015, Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species, pp. 79-85 in Zoological Systematics 40 (1) on pages 82-84, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, http://zenodo.org/record/4616899, {"references":["Alexander, C. P. 1918. Records of Japanese crane-flies (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 11: 443 - 449.","Oosterbroek, P. 2014. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World, (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: http: // nlbif. eti. uva. nl / ccw / (accessed 14, May 2014)."]}