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Heat pipe is one of the most efficient tools for heat dissipation in electronics and power systems. Currently, heat pipes are usually made of copper, aluminum or stainless steel. Due to their relatively high density and limited heat transmission capacity, heat pipes are facing urgent challenges in power electronics and power modules. In this paper, we report a new class of graphene enhanced heat pipes that can cope with these issues. The graphene enhanced heat pipes are made of high thermal conductivity graphene assembled film and graphene laminated copper films with nanostructure enhanced inner surfaces. The study shows that the dramatically improved heat dissipation capacity, 6100 W m-2 K-1 g-1, about 3 times higher than that of copper based commercial heat pipes can be achieved. This paves the way for using graphene enhanced heat pipes in light-weight and large capacity cooling applications, as required in many systems such as avionics, automotive electronics, laptop computers, handsets and space electronics., Comment: 15 pages,4 figures

This paper presents for the first time an innovative instrument called an inverted scanning microwave microscope (iSMM), which is capable of noninvasive and label-free imaging and characterization of intracellular structures of a live cell on the nanometer scale. In particular, the iSMM is sensitive to not only surface structures, but also ectromagnetic properties up to one micrometer below the surface. Conveniently, the iSMM can be constructed through straightforward conversion of any scanning probe microscope, such as the atomic force microscope or the scanning tunneling microscope, with a simple metal probe to outperform traditional SMM in terms of ruggedness, and width, sensitivity and dynamic range. By contrast, the application of the traditional SMM to date has been limited to mainly surface physics and semiconductor technology, because the traditional SMM requires a fragile and expensive probe and is incompatible with saline solution or live biological cells., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, published in Applied Physics Letters

Electromagnetic fields coupled with mechanical degrees of freedom have recently shown exceptional and innovative applications, ultimately leading to mesoscopic optomechanical devices operating in the quantum regime of motion. Simultaneously, micromechanical elements have provided new ways to enhance and manipulate the optical properties of passive photonic elements. Following this concept, in this article we show how combining a chiral metasurface with a GaAs suspended micromembrane can offer new scenarios for controlling the polarization state of near-infrared light beams. Starting from the uncommon properties of chiral metasurface to statically realize target polarization states and circular and linear dichroism, we report mechanically induced, ~300 kHz polarization modulation, which favorably compares, in terms of speed, with liquid-crystals commercial devices. Moreover, we demonstrate how the mechanical resonance can be non-trivially affected by the input light polarization (and chiral state) via a thermoelastic effect triggered by intracavity photons. This work inaugurates the field of Polarization Optomechanics, which could pave the way to fast polarimetric devices, polarization modulators and dynamically tunable chiral state generators and detectors, as well as giving access to new form of polarization nonlinearities and control.

Excitation of surface plasmon waves in extrinsic graphene is studied using a full-wave electromagnetic field solver as analysis engine. Particular emphasis is placed on the role played by spatial dispersion due to the finite size of the two-dimensional material at the micro-scale. A simple instructive set up is considered where the near field of a wire antenna is held at sub-micrometric distance from a disk-shaped graphene patch. The key-input of the simulation is the graphene conductivity tensor at terahertz frequencies, being modeled by the Boltzmann transport equation for the valence and conduction electrons at the Dirac points~(where a linear wave-vector dependence of the band energies is assumed). The conductivity equation is worked out in different levels of approximations, based on the relaxation time ansatz with an additional constraint for particle number conservation. Both drift and diffusion currents are shown to significantly contribute to the spatially dispersive anisotropic features of micro-scale graphene. More generally, spatial dispersion effects are predicted to influence not only plasmon propagation free of external sources, but also typical scanning probe microscopy configurations. The paper set the focus on plasmon excitation phenomena induced by near field probes, being a central issue for the design of optical devices and photonic circuits.

The exceptional interest in improving the limitations of data storage, molecular electronics, and optoelectronics has promoted the development of an ever increasing number of techniques used to pattern polymers at micro and nanoscale. Most of them rely on Atomic Force Microscopy to thermally or electrostatically induce mass transport, thereby creating topographic features. Here we show that the mechanical interaction of the tip of the Atomic Force Microscope with the surface of a class of conjugate polymers produces a local increase of molecular disorder, inducing a localized lowering of the semiconductor conductivity, not associated to detectable modifications in the surface topography. This phenomenon allows for the swift production of low conductivity patterns on the polymer surface at an unprecedented speed exceeding 20 $\mu m s^{-1}$; paths have a resolution in the order of the tip size (20 nm) and are detected by a Conducting-Atomic Force Microscopy tip in the conductivity maps., Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, published in Nature Communications as Article (8 pages)

In this work, a modified, lumped element graphene field effect device model is presented. The model is based on the "Top-of-the-barrier" approach which is usually valid only for ballistic graphene nanotransistors. Proper modifications are introduced to extend the model's validity so that it accurately describes both ballistic and diffusive graphene devices. The model is compared to data already presented in the literature. It is shown that a good agreement is obtained for both nano-sized and large area graphene based channels. Accurate prediction of drain current and transconductance for both cases is obtained.