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103 results on '"Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU)"'

1. The Expanding Menagerie of Prunus-Infecting Luteoviruses

Author: Maryam Khalili, Thierry Candresse, Igor Koloniuk, Dana Safarova, Yoann Brans, Chantal Faure, Marine Delmas, Sébastien Massart, Miguel A. Aranda, Kadriye Caglayan, Veronique Decroocq, Pavlina Drogoudi, Miroslav Glasa, George Pantelidis, Milan Navratil, François Latour, Josef Spak, Jaroslava Pribylova, Daniel Mihalik, Francesco Palmisano, Antonella Saponari, Tomas Necas, Jiri Sedlak, Armelle Marais, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Palacky University Olomouc, Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL), Unité Expérimentale Arboricole (UE ARBO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Ellinikos Georgikos OrGanismos-DIMITRA (ELGO -DIMITRA), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Institute of Biology, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Agricultural Research and Experimentation Centre 'Basile Caramia', Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Vyzkumny A Slechtitelsky Ustav Ovocnarsky, This study was funded by the European Union through the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Innovative Training Network (H2020 MSCA- 60 ITN) project 'INEXTVIR' (Grant agreement number 813542). The ChLVA research part was financed by Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic support (RVO60077344). The plant indexing biological tests conducted by CTIFL were funded by INTERFEL (Fresh fruit and 68vegetable interprofessional association). D. Safarova and M. Navratil have received support from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, National Agency for Agricultural Research (Project no. QK1920124). M. Glasa and D. Mihálik have received support from the Slovak Research & Development Agency (project APVV-18-0005), European Project: H2020 MSCA-60 ITN, and European Project: 813542,INEXTVIR
Subjects: biological indexing, Stone fruit, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Luteovirus, geographical distribution, HTS, Plant Science, Pathogen Detection, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: International audience; Members of the genus Luteovirus are responsible for economically destructive plant diseases worldwide. Over the past few years, three luteoviruses infecting Prunus trees have been characterized. However, the biological properties, prevalence, and genetic diversity of those viruses have not yet been studied. High throughput sequencing of samples of various wild, cultivated, and ornamental Prunus species enabled the identification of four novel species in the genus Luteovirus for which we obtained complete or nearly complete genomes. Besides, we identified another new putative species recovered from Sequence Read Archive data. Furthermore, we conducted a survey on peach-infecting luteoviruses in eight European countries. Analyses of 350 leaf samples collected from germplasm, production orchards, and private gardens showed that peach-associated luteovirus (PaLV), nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV), and a novel luteovirus, peach-associated luteovirus 2 (PaLV2), are present in all countries, while the most prevalent virus was NSPaV, followed by PaLV. An analysis of the genetic diversity of these viruses was also conducted. Moreover, the biological indexing on GF305 peach indicator plants demonstrated that PaLV and PaLV2, like NSPaV, are transmitted by graft at relatively low rates. No clear viral symptoms have been observed either in graft-inoculated GF305 indicators, or in different peach tree varieties observed in an orchard. The data generated during this study provide a broader overview of the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and prevalence of peach-infecting luteoviruses, and suggest these viruses are likely asymptomatic in peach under most circumstances.
Published: 2023
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2. Dermacentor reticulatus - a tick on its way from glacial refugia to a panmictic Eurasian population

Author: Branka Bilbija, Cäcilia Spitzweg, Ivo Papoušek, Uwe Fritz, Gábor Földvári, Martin Mullett, Flora Ihlow, Hein Sprong, Kristína Civáňová Křížová, Nikolay Anisimov, Oxana A. Belova, Sarah I. Bonnet, Elizabeth Bychkova, Aleksandra Czułowska, Georg G. Duscher, Manoj Fonville, Olaf Kahl, Grzegorz Karbowiak, Ivan S. Kholodilov, Dorota Kiewra, Stjepan Krčmar, Gulzina Kumisbek, Natalya Livanova, Igor Majláth, Maria Teresa Manfredi, Andrei D. Mihalca, Guadalupe Miró, Sara Moutailler, Igor V. Nebogatkin, Snežana Tomanović, Zati Vatansever, Marya Yakovich, Sergio Zanzani, Pavel Široký, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Brno] (VFU), Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Centre for Ecological Research [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Tyumen State University, Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalities [Moscou], Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Bioresources [Minsk], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University [Almaty] (KazNU), Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia., Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca = Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NASU, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), National center for public health [Hungary], University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Kafkas University, and This study was financed by the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic, project 2022ITA22. GF was supported by the grant 'In the light of evolution: theories and solutions' (GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00057) and by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006). This work was supported by the COST Action CA21170 'Prevention, anticipation and mitigation of tick-borne disease risk applying the DAMA protocol (PRAGMATICK)'.
Subjects: MESH: Refugium, Settore VET/06 - Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie degli Animali, MESH: Bayes Theorem, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Multigene sequence analysis, Vectors, Glacial refugia, Divergence, MESH: Dogs, Ixodida, Palaearctic, MESH: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Infectious Diseases, Microsatellites, MESH: Dermacentor, MESH: Animals, Parasitology, MESH: Phylogeny, Divergence, Ixodida, Glacial refugia, Multigene sequence analysis, Microsatellites, Palaearctic, Vectors
Abstract: International audience; The ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus) shows a recently expanding geographic distribution. Knowledge on its intraspecific variability, population structure, rate of genetic diversity and divergence, including its evolution and geographic distribution, is crucial to understand its dispersal capacity. All such information would help to evaluate the potential risk of future spread of associated pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. A set of 865 D. reticulatus ticks was collected from 65 localities across 21 countries, from Portugal in the west to Kazakhstan and southern Russia in the east. Cluster analyses of 16 microsatellite loci were combined with nuclear (ITS2, 18S) and mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) sequence data to uncover the ticks’ population structures and geographical patterns. Approximate Bayesian computation was applied to model evolutionary relationships among the found clusters. Low variability and a weak phylogenetic signal showing an east–west cline were detected both for mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers. Microsatellite analyses revealed three genetic clusters, where the eastern and western cluster gradient was supplemented by a third, northern cluster. Alternative scenarios could explain such a tripartite population structure by independent formation of clusters in separate refugia, limited gene flow connected with isolation by distance causing a “bipolar pattern”, and the northern cluster deriving from admixture between the eastern and western populations. The best supported demographic scenario of this tick species indicates that the northern cluster derived from admixture between the eastern and western populations 441 (median) to 224 (mode) generations ago, suggesting a possible link with the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe.
Published: 2022
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3. Parasite infection reflects host genetic diversity among non-native populations of pumpkinseed sunfish in Europe

Author: Pavel Jurajda, Anna Bryjová, T. Zechmeister, Teodora Trichkova, Markéta Ondračková, Filipe Ribeiro, L. Carassou, Andreas Martens, Veronika Bartáková, Yuriy Kvach, Gérard Masson, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA MARE LISBOA PRT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BIOLOGICAL STATION LAKE NEUSIEDL ILLMITZ AUT, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), and European Centre of Ichthyoparasitology under the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic - Centre of Excellence Grant No. P505/12/G112, the Inter-Action Project Grant no. LTAUSA19092
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Centrarchidae, Genetic diversity, Invasive species, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lineage (evolution), Microsatellite, Zoology, Lepomis gibbosus, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lepomis, Abundance (ecology), Parasitic, Discrimination, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetic structure, Parasite hosting, 14. Life underwater, Species richness
Abstract: International audience; Species introductions often coincide with loss of genetic diversity and natural enemies. Anthropogenic translocation of the North-American pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758) (Centrarchidae) and its further spread have resulted in recent species establishment in most European countries. This study determines genetic differentiation of non-native European pumpkinseed populations and identifies how their genetic structure relates to the distribution and abundance of parasite species. Microsatellite analysis indicated presence of three genetic lineages, which were well supported by discriminant analysis based on parasite abundance data. The first lineage clustered pumpkinseed populations from northern and southern France and showed high allelic richness, heterozygosity and parasite richness. The second included populations along the ‘‘Southern invasion corridor’’ connecting the rivers Rhine, Main and Danube. The fish exhibited low to high genetic and parasite diversity and generally high parasite abundance. The third lineage clustered populations with low genetic and parasite diversity, located in Portuguese reservoirs and water bodies along the upper Elbe. Parasite species richness was significantly associated with host microsatellite heterozygosity and allelic richness, a trend partially affected by richness of North-American parasites. Furthermore, our results indicate that parasite community composition may serve as a useful biological tool to discriminate non-native fish populations and their inter-relationships.
Published: 2020
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4. Germination and seed traits in common alder (Alnus spp.) : the potential contribution of rear-edge populations to ecological restoration success

Author: Inês Marques, Tamara Corcobado, Sofia Isabel Rodrigues Conceição, Carla Faria, Roland Jansson, Alejandro Solla, Patricia María Rodríguez-González, Francisco Javier Dorado, Yann Laurent, Abdelouahab Sahli, Ana D. Caperta, Slobodan Milanović, Simon Dufour, Ivan Bernez, Hassan Ennouni, Teresa Soares David, Bohumil Mandák, Mohammed Ater, Université de Lisbonne, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Umeå University, Austrian Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape ( BFW ), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] (UAE), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Alnus glutinosa, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Alder, Riparian forest, Ecosystem, Alnus lusitanica, interspecific variation, Revegetation, Restoration ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Riparian zone, Ekologi, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Botany, ploidy, Botanik, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Germination, riparian forests, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, environmental cline, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Research Article - UN DECADE ON ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION The degradation of riparian ecosystems occurring throughout the past decades has motivated efforts aimed at the restoration of these ecosystems. The success of active revegetation approaches to restoration requires appropriate selection of reproductive material, which in turn requires knowledge of seed traits and germination. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (common alder) is a key riparian tree widely used in restoration projects, and has recently been classified as comprising three species: A. glutinosa; A. lusitanica Vít, Douda, & Mand ak; and A. rohlenae Vít, Douda, & Mand ak. To help guide restoration species selection, we assessed differences among populations of these species by (1) investigating seed weight, morphology, and germination success from a large population set and (2)modeling germination success in each species in relation to morphological traits and environmental conditions. Seedswere collected from 12 populations encompassing the latitudinal extremes of the species complex, and were then characterized and germinated. Ploidy levels and species were distinguished using cytometric analysis. Site-level climatic data and seed morphology datawere used to model germination success for each species. All seed traits differed between populations and one morphological-trait (seed weight-to-area ratio) differed significantly between the three species. Germination modeling showed that the southwestern species, A. lusitanica, responded positively to high temperature extremes, suggesting tolerance to the climate changes projected for southern Europe. Populations of A. lusitanica located at the latitudinal rear edge of commonalder’s distribution appear to show establishmentfacilitating adaptations, and therefore may contribute to ecological restoration efforts under a range of environmental conditions info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2022
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5. Biological control of emerging forest diseases: How can we move from dreams to reality?

Author: Simone Prospero, Cécile Robin, Leticia Botella, Alberto Santini, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), University of South Bohemia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, General interest, Virulence, Agroforestry, Resistance, Biological pest control, Forestry, BiNative vs. exotic pathogen and host, Competitor analysis, 15. Life on land, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Damage, 13. Climate action, Sustainable management, Native vs. exotic pathogen and host, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Natural enemies, Biological control agent, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Biological control (BC) is defined as the use of living natural enemies, antagonists, or competitors (biological control agents) to control other living organisms. In the second half of the last century, the general interest in BC has increased considerably because greater environmental awareness in society and the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have pushed towards the development of environmentally friendly control approaches. However, BC is still only rarely used for pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and phytoplasmas) of forest trees. Here, we present and discuss the biological specificities of both the hosts and the fungal pathogens which may account for this situation. To increase the likelihood of BC success, we suggest a holistic approach involving the use of top-down regulators, competitors and amensalists, all exerting pressure on the pathogen, as well as bottom-up forces helping the host (e.g., endophytes, mycorrhiza). Moreover, BC to mitigate emerging forest diseases should be fully integrated into other sustainable management strategies. Finally, we propose guidelines for developing an efficient BC of emerging fungal pathogens of forest trees.
Published: 2021
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6. Editorial for Special Issue 'Rare Earth Deposits and Challenges of World REE Demand for High-Tech and Green-Tech at the Beginning of the 3rd Millennium'

Author: Stefano Salvi, Martin Smith, Jindřich Kynický, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), University of Brighton, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: lcsh:Mineralogy, lcsh:QE351-399.2, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTERSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION, Rare earth, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, High tech, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, n/a, Economy, Hardware_GENERAL, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: We are living in a time of unprecedented technological innovation [...]
Published: 2021
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7. Evaluating DNA barcoding for species identification and discovery in European Gracillariid moths

Author: Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Natalia Kirichenko, Alain Cama, Camiel Doorenweerd, H. Charles J. Godfray, Antoine Guiguet, Stanislav Gomboc, Peter Huemer, Jean-François Landry, Ales Laštůvka, Zdenek Laštůvka, Kyung Min Lee, David C. Lees, Marko Mutanen, Erik J. van Nieukerken, Andreas H. Segerer, Paolo Triberti, Christian Wieser, Rodolphe Rougerie, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], University of Oxford [Oxford], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft, Partenaires INRAE, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), University of Oulu, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (ITALY), Landesmuseum für Kärnten, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Species complex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Evolution, Morphology (biology), Biology, RAD sequencing, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Intraspecific competition, DNA sequencing, mitonuclear discordance, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, barcode index number, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, cryptic diversity, Ecology, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Taxonomy (biology), lcsh:Ecology, Wolbachia, new candidate species
Abstract: Gracillariidae is the most species-rich leaf-mining moth family with over 2,000 described species worldwide. In Europe, there are 263 valid named species recognized, many of which are difficult to identify using morphology only. Here we explore the use of DNA barcodes as a tool for identification and species discovery in European gracillariids. We present a barcode library including 6,791 COI sequences representing 242 of the 263 (92%) resident species. Our results indicate high congruence between morphology and barcodes with 91.3% (221/242) of European species forming monophyletic clades that can be identified accurately using barcodes alone. The remaining 8.7% represent cases of non-monophyly making their identification uncertain using barcodes. Species discrimination based on the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) was successful for 93% of species with 7% of species sharing BINs. We discovered as many as 21 undescribed candidate species, of which six were confirmed from an integrative approach; the other 15 require additional material and study to confirm preliminary evidence. Most of these new candidate species are found in mountainous regions of Mediterranean countries, the South-Eastern Alps and the Balkans, with nine candidate species found only on islands. In addition, 13 species were classified as deep conspecific lineages, comprising a total of 27 BINs with no intraspecific morphological differences found, and no known ecological differentiation. Double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) analysis showed strong mitonuclear discrepancy in four out of five species studied. This discordance is not explained by Wolbachia-mediated genetic sweeps. Finally, 26 species were classified as “unassessed species splits” containing 71 BINs and some involving geographical isolation or ecological specialization that will require further study to test whether they represent new cryptic species.
Published: 2021
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8. Mixing has limited impacts on the foliar nutrition of European beech and Scots pine trees across Europe

Author: Miroslav Svoboda, Peter Annighöfer, Włodzimierz Buraczyk, Václav Hurt, Kris Verheyen, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Géraud de Streel, Maciej Pach, Catherine Collet, Jerzy Skrzyszewski, Jolanta Stankevičiūtė, Kamil Bielak, Jan den Ouden, Christian Ammer, Quentin Ponette, Katarina Strelcova, Gediminas Brazaitis, Vít Šrámek, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Viktor Kurylyak, Hans Pretzsch, Ignacio Barbeito, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Andres Bravo-Oviedo, Jerzy Skrzyszewski, Maciej Pach, Miroslav Svoboda, Peter Annighöfer, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Vit Sramek, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Ukrainian National Forestry University (UNFU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, University of Agriculture, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Agriculture in Krakow, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER), and Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Multivariate statistics, Monitoring, Fagus sylvatica L, Complementarity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris L, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, pinus sylvestris, Nutrient, Fagus sylvatica, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Species mixture, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Beech, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biology, Policy and Law, fungi, Scots pine, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Management, Foliar nutrition, Agronomy, Soil water, Composition (visual arts), Monoculture, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Tree species-mixing has been suggested as one option to counteract the adverse effects of global change on tree mineral nutrition, yet the effect of mixing on nutrient availability remains poorly documented. We therefore analyzed the current foliar nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) quantities and ilr balances (isometric log transformed ratios between elements or groups of elements) for 261 European beech and 248 Scots pine trees from 15 sites, each consisting of one beech-pine mixed stand and the respective monocultures, across a gradient of environmental conditions in Europe. We hypothesized an overall positive effect of mixing on tree foliar nutrient content, and that this mixing effect would be stronger on nutrient-poor sites. Using linear mixed models and multivariate linear regression models, we first tested for the effects of species (beech/pine) and composition (pure/mixed) across all sites; we then investigated whether the species-mixing effect was related to site fertility. The nutrient composition of beech leaves and pine needles differed significantly for all ilr balances. For both species, significant mixing effects were detected for some nutrients and ilr balances; those effects, however, could not be consistently related to contrasted nutrient composition between species. For most nutrients and ilr balances, the mixing effect was influenced by the site nutritional status, but the pattern differed from expectation: absence or minor differences between monocultures and mixtures at the lower end of the chemical fertility gradient, and maximum differences in rich soils. The contrasting foliar nutrient composition of pine and beech trees and the site nutrient status only partly explained the mixing effects on tree mineral nutrition. Our results claim for a better understanding of nutrient-related mechanisms associated with complementarity and points towards the need to further expand the existing frameworks to account for the multivariate nature of tree nutrition., The main autor obtained a PhD grant from the ‘Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (FNRS-FRIA) and additional funding support from the Walloon forest service (Service Public de Wallonie—Département de la Nature et des Forêts) through the 5 year research programme “Accord cadre de recherches et de vulgarisation forestières”.
Published: 2021
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9. Population structure and genetic diversity of Dothistroma septosporum in Slovakia

Author: Martin Mullett, Zuzana Jánošíková, Cyril Dutech, Katarína Adamčíková, Emília Ondrušková, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), and The study was financially supported by the Forestry Commission, United Kingdom, by the European Regional Development Fund, Project Phytophthora Research Centre Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000453, by the Slovak Research and Development Agency bilateral Slovakia -France project No. SK-FR-2017-0025, and by Scientific Grant Agency VEGA of the Slovak Academy of Sciences No. 2/0077/18.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mating type, Population, Mycosphaerella pini, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, Population structure, 01 natural sciences, Genetic diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Pinus mugo, medicine, education, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Flux de genes, biology.organism_classification, Gene flow, Sexual reproduction, medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient, Dothistroma septosporum, Evolutionary biology, Pine pathogen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Microsatellite, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious pine disease present worldwide caused by the ascomycetous fungi Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini. Based on multiplex PCR analysis of 11 microsatellite markers screened on 253 D. septosporum isolates obtained from 32 sites across Slovakia, a total of 137 unique multilocus haplotypes (MLHs) were detected. The majority of MLHs (n = 91) were represented by a single isolate, but 13 MLHs were found at two different sites, and in some cases, these were separated by large distances. Four population clusters were identified using a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The genetic clusters obtained from the DAPC were mixed throughout the country and were not restricted to particular host species. Although both mating types of D. septosporum were found to be in an almost perfect 1:1 ratio in both the non-clone-corrected and clone-corrected datasets, random mating was rejected in the entire dataset. Random mating was only supported in the Pinus mugo group planted in urban areas and on a smaller spatial scale in two sites (Kalnica and Litava) using the clone-corrected dataset. These findings suggest a mixed mode of reproduction with an important component of sexual reproduction, although the sexual stage of the fungus (teleomorph) has not been physically observed in Slovakia yet. The examination of spatial relationships using spatial principal component analyses and the presence of isolation-by-distance together with relatively high genetic diversity suggests the pathogen has been long established in Slovakia and spread naturally across the landscape. However, the weak population structure and findings of identical clones at widely separated sites strongly suggests some degree of human assisted dispersal.
Published: 2021
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10. The seeds of invasion: enhanced germination in invasive European populations of black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) compared to native American populations

Author: R. Ségura, A. J. Porté, F. Moret, Marcin Klisz, J. Pino, T. Wojda, A. Martinik, Arnaud Monty, S. Mariette, M. van Loo, X. P. Bouteiller, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Université de Liège, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, and Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, quantitative genetics, Zoology, biological invasion, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenotypic plasticity, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, American Indian or Alaska Native, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, 0303 health sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, Robinia, seedlings, General Medicine, Quantitative genetics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, life-history traits, Genetic distance, germination, Robinia pseudoacacia, Seedling, Germination, black locust, Seeds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, genetic differentiation, Locust
Abstract: International audience; Local adaptation and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity may facilitate biological invasions. Both processes can enhance germination and seedling recruitment, which are crucial life-history traits for plants. The rate, timing and speed of germination have recently been documented as playing a major role during the invasion process. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a North American tree, which has spread widely throughout Europe. A recent study demonstrated that a few populations are the source of European black locust. Thus, invasive populations can be compared to native ones in order to identify genetic-based phenotypic differentiation and the role of phenotypic plasticity can thereby be assessed. A quantitative genetics experiment was performed to evaluate 13 juvenile traits of both native and invasive black locust populations (3000 seeds, 20 populations) subjected to three different thermal treatments (18 degrees C, 22 degrees C and 31 degrees C). The results revealed European populations to have a higher germination rate than the native American populations (88% versus 60%), and even when genetic distance between populations was considered. Moreover, this trait showed lower plasticity to temperature in the invasive range than in the native one. Conversely, other studied traits showed high plasticity to temperature, but they responded in a similar way to temperature increase: the warmer the temperature, the higher the growth rate or germination traits values. The demonstrated genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations testifies to a shift between ranges for the maximum germination percentage. This pattern could be due to human-mediated introduction of black locust.
Published: 2021
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11. Imaging Viral Infection by Fluorescence Microscopy: Focus on HIV-1 Early Stage

Author: Mukherjee, Soumajit, Boutant, Emmanuel, Réal, Eleonore, Mély, Yves, Anton, Halina, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fluorescence microscopy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, viruses, virus labeling, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], HIV-1
Abstract: International audience; During the last two decades, progresses in bioimaging and the development of various strategies to fluorescently label the viral components opened a wide range of possibilities to visualize the early phase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) life cycle directly in infected cells. After fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane, the viral core is released into the cytoplasm and the viral RNA (vRNA) is retro-transcribed into DNA by the reverse transcriptase. During this process, the RNA-based viral complex transforms into a pre-integration complex (PIC), composed of the viral genomic DNA (vDNA) coated with viral and host cellular proteins. The protective capsid shell disassembles during a process called uncoating. The viral genome is transported into the cell nucleus and integrates into the host cell chromatin. Unlike biochemical approaches that provide global data about the whole population of viral particles, imaging techniques enable following individual viruses on a single particle level. In this context, quantitative microscopy has brought original data shedding light on the dynamics of the viral entry into the host cell, the cytoplasmic transport, the nuclear import, and the selection of the integration site. In parallel, multi-color imaging studies have elucidated the mechanism of action of host cell factors implicated in HIV-1 viral cycle progression. In this review, we describe the labeling strategies used for HIV-1 fluorescence imaging and report on the main advancements that imaging studies have brought in the understanding of the infection mechanisms from the viral entry into the host cell until the provirus integration step.
Published: 2021
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12. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature

Author: Juha M. Alatalo, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Ivan Nijs, Pascal Boeckx, Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner, Josefine Walz, Sergiy Medinets, Jonas Ardö, Martin Wilmking, Aníbal Pauchard, Onur Candan, Joseph Okello, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Christian Rossi, Francesco Malfasi, Robert G. Björk, Tim Seipel, Pekka Niittynen, Kristoffer Hylander, Simone Cesarz, Michael B. Ashcroft, Dany Ghosn, T'Ai Gladys Whittingham Forte, Andrew D. Thomas, Nina Buchmann, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Svátek, Luca Vitale, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Pascal Vittoz, Jan Wild, Hans J. De Boeck, M. Rosa Fernández Calzado, Khatuna Gigauri, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Josef Brůna, Patrice Descombes, Robert Kanka, Roman Plichta, Julia Boike, Juan J. Jiménez, Mihai Pușcaș, James D. M. Speed, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Jian Zhang, Shengwei Zong, Marko Smiljanic, Ben Somers, Toke T. Høye, Martin Macek, Rebecca Finger Higgens, Jürgen Homeier, Fatih Fazlioglu, Ana Clara Mazzolari, Katja Tielbörger, Marek Čiliak, Sanne Govaert, Matěj Man, Loïc Pellissier, Bente J. Graae, Mana Gharun, Juan Lorite, Jhonatan Sallo Bravo, Thomas Scholten, Ian Klupar, Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Kopecký, Angela Stanisci, Joseph J. Bailey, Stuart W. Smith, Gergana N. Daskalova, Andrej Varlagin, Radim Matula, Meelis Pärtel, Ann Milbau, Peter Barančok, Jörg G. Stephan, Marijn Bauters, Jan Dick, Zuzana Sitková, Alistair S. Jump, Felix Gottschall, Fernando Moyano, Mario Trouillier, Filip Hrbáček, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Nicoletta Cannone, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Miska Luoto, Christopher Andrews, Charly Geron, Lisa J. Rew, Michael Stemkovski, Rafaella Canessa, Lucia Hederová, Peter Haase, Klaus Steinbauer, Keith W. Larson, Mats P. Björkman, Edoardo Cremonese, Lore T. Verryckt, Aud H. Halbritter, Jiri Dolezal, František Máliš, William D. Pearse, Zhaochen Zhang, Christian D. Larson, Sylvia Haider, Robert Weigel, Harald Pauli, Romina D. Dimarco, Nico Eisenhauer, Agustina Barros, Shyam S. Phartyal, Liesbeth van den Brink, Edmund W. Basham, Adrian V. Rocha, Mauro Guglielmin, Rafael A. García, Andrej Palaj, Josef Urban, Austin Koontz, Brett R. Scheffers, Mia Vedel Sørensen, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Camille Meeussen, Lena Muffler, Krystal Randall, Volodymyr I. Medinets, Sonia Merinero, Laurenz M. Teuber, Salvatore R. Curasi, José Luis Benito Alonso, Pieter De Frenne, Kamil Láska, Jonas Schmeddes, Martin A. Nuñez, Amanda Ratier Backes, Alessandro Petraglia, Miroslav Svoboda, Ellen Dorrepaal, Sonja Wipf, Juha Aalto, Masahito Ueyama, Benjamin Blonder, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Esther R. Frei, Lukas Siebicke, Bernard Heinesch, C. Johan Dahlberg, Juergen Kreyling, Camille Pitteloud, Florian Zellweger, Rebecca A. Senior, David H. Klinges, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Elizabeth G. Simpson, George Kazakis, Jozef Kollár, Pallieter De Smedt, Olivier Roupsard, Jan Altman, Michele Carbognani, Julia Kemppinen, Manuela Winkler, Valeria Aschero, Pieter Vangansbeke, Andrea Lamprecht, Stef Haesen, University of Antwerp (UA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Wollongong [Australia], Australian Museum [Sydney], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad Adventista de Chile - Adventist University of Chile (UNACH), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Qatar University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], University of Gothenburg (GU), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Mountains of the Moon University, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS (Gent, Belgium), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Nalanda University, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (HNBGU), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), University of Stirling, Umeå University, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dartmouth College [Hanover], University of Bergen (UiB), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Utah State University (USU), Imperial College London, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Stockholm University, University of South Bohemia, Aberystwyth University, York St John University, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Chania (CIHEAM-IAMC), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Montana State University (MSU), Lund University [Lund], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Georgian Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Osaka Prefecture University, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences [Bucarest] (INCDSB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Tartu, Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Jolube Consultor Botánico, Northeast Normal University, Majella National Park - Parco Nazionale della Majella, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], University of Tübingen, County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), University of Edinburgh, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Princeton University, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Ordu University - Ordu Üniversitesi, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Swiss National Park - Parc Naziunal Svizzer, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), University of Helsinki, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Granada [Granada], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and University of Duisburg-Essen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biodiversity & Conservation, Microclimate, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, topoclimate, Snow, HETEROGENEITY, SCALE, database, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Database, Ecology, Spatial database, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, soil climate, climate change, species distributions, Biodiversity Conservation, ecosystem processes, microclimate, temperature, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, MOISTURE, 010603 evolutionary biology, soil, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, species 19 distributions, Environmental Chemistry, DISTRIBUTIONS, SCALE SOIL, Biology, climate, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Global warming, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS, 15. Life on land, Radiative forcing, MACROCLIMATE, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, SNOW, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes. ispartof: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY vol:26 issue:11 pages:6616-6629 ispartof: location:England status: published
Published: 2020
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13. Priority statement and some properties of t-lgHill estimator

Author: Ludy Núñez Soza, Philipp Hermann, Zdeněk Fabián, Sebastián Torres, Jozef Kiseľák, Marijus Vaičiulis, Stéphane Girard, Andrés Rivera, Milan Stehlík, Luboš Střelec, Pavlina K. Jordanova, Department of Applied Statistics [Linz], Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Institute of Mathematics [Kosice, Slovakia], P.J. Safarik University, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Shumen University Konstantin Preslavski, Universidad de Tarapaca, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Modelling and Inference of Complex and Structured Stochastic Systems (MISTIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Modèles statistiques bayésiens et des valeurs extrêmes pour données structurées et de grande dimension (STATIFY), Departamento de Matematica [Valparaiso], and Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria [Valparaiso] (UTFSM)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Statement (computer science), T-lgHill estimator, Hill estimator, T-score estimation, Asymptotic normality, Levels of arsenic in drinking water, Dynamical systems theory, 05 social sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Asymptotic distribution, Estimator, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Distribution (mathematics), [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0502 economics and business, Statistics, Extreme value index, 050207 economics, 0101 mathematics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Mathematics
Abstract: We acknowledge the priority on the introduction of the formula of t-lgHill estimator for the positive extreme value index. We provide a novel motivation for this estimator based on ecologically driven dynamical systems. Another motivation is given directly by applying the general t-Hill procedure to log-gamma distribution. We illustrate the good quality of t-lgHill estimator in comparison to classical Hill estimator on the novel data of the concentration of arsenic in drinking water in the rural area of the Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile.
Published: 2020
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14. G-Quadruplexes in the Archaea Domain

Author: Hannu Myllykallio, Violette Da Cunha, Miroslav Fojta, Martin Bartas, Otília Porubiaková, Jean-Louis Mergny, Václav Brázda, Patrick Forterre, Petr Pečinka, Jiří Šťastný, Daniela Verga, Tomio S. Takahashi, Patrik Kaura, Yu Luo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie et modélisation pour la biologie du cancer (CMBC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IBP / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava, Brno University of Technology [Brno] (BUT), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Cellulaire des Archées (ARCHEE), Département Microbiologie (Dpt Microbio), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mergny, Jean-Louis
Subjects: G4-forming motif, Archaeal Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QR1-502, Computational biology, Biology, G-quadruplex, Biochemistry, Genome, Article, lcsh:Microbiology, sequence prediction, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Genome, Archaeal, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, heterocyclic compounds, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, genome analysis, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Domain (biology), Phylum, Circular Dichroism, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, RNA, DNA, Genomics, Non-coding RNA, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Archaea, DNA-Binding Proteins, G-Quadruplexes, chemistry, unusual nucleic acid structures, Nucleic Acid Conformation
Abstract: International audience; The importance of unusual DNA structures in the regulation of basic cellular processes is an emerging field of research. Amongst local non-B DNA structures, G-quadruplexes (G4s) have gained in popularity during the last decade, and their presence and functional relevance at the DNA and RNA level has been demonstrated in a number of viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic genomes, including humans. Here, we performed the first systematic search of G4-forming sequences in all archaeal genomes available in the NCBI database. In this article, we investigate the presence and locations of G-quadruplex forming sequences using the G4Hunter algorithm. G-quadruplex-prone sequences were identified in all archaeal species, with highly significant differences in frequency, from 0.037 to 15.31 potential quadruplex sequences per kb. While G4 forming sequences were extremely abundant in Hadesarchaea archeon (strikingly, more than 50% of the Hadesarchaea archaeon isolate WYZ-LMO6 genome is a potential part of a G4-motif), they were very rare in the Parvarchaeota phylum. The presence of G-quadruplex forming sequences does not follow a random distribution with an over-representation in non-coding RNA, suggesting possible roles for ncRNA regulation. These data illustrate the unique and non-random localization of G-quadruplexes in Archaea.
Published: 2020
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15. Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Author: Nebai Mesanza, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Dogmuş Lehtijärvi, Matias Pasquali, Justyna Nowakowska, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Rasmus Enderle, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, Kristina Raitelaitytė, Martin Mullett, Nikoleta Soulioti, Margarita Georgieva, Dmitry L. Musolin, Jarkko Hantula, Renaud Ioos, Carlos A. Rodas, András Koltay, Kateryna Davydenko, Nikica Ogris, Michelle Cleary, Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros, Katarína Adamčíková, Funda Oskay, Paolo Capretti, Marius Paraschiv, Helena Bragança, Michael J. Wingfield, Hatice Tugba, Luisa Ghelardini, Eugenia Iturritxa, Cécile Robin, Stephen Woodward, Alejandro Solla, Gerda Fourie, Tomasz Oszako, Jorge Martín-García, Rein Drenkhan, Kalev Adamson, Lior Blank, Francesco Pecori, Natalia Karpun, Ivan Milenković, Emma Theodora Steenkamp, Konstantinos Nikolaou, Miloň Dvořák, Petr Vahalík, Aleksandar Vemić, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Mirkka Soukainen, Rosa Raposo, Trond Rafoss, Julio J. Diez, Alberto Santini, Loukas Kanetis, Beccy Ganley, Anna Maria Vettraino, Rodrigo Ahumada, Carolina Cornejo, Elena Landeras, Svetlana Markovskaja, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited [Auckland] (Plant & Food Research), Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Universitad de Valladolid, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bosques y silvicultura, cambiamento climatico, 01 natural sciences, susceptibility, Cambio climático, interactive map of pathogens, interactive map of pathogen, udc:630*4, 0303 health sciences, patogeni invasivi, cambiamento climatico, mappe di distribuzione interattive, suscettibilità, pino, Pinus, invasive pathogen, climate change, interactive map of pathogen, susceptibility, Ecology, Forestry, 3. Good health, mappe di distribuzione interattive, climate change, Susceptible individual, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences, Tree species, Propensión, pino, Gestión forestal, Mapa interactivo de patógenos, Fusarium circinatum, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease management (agriculture), medicine, invasive pathogen, Plantas - Enfermedades y plagas, 030304 developmental biology, Canker, Patógeno invasivo, Genetic diversity, podnebne spremembe, Host (biology), patogeni invasivi, lcsh:QK900-989, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, invazivni patogeni, Pinus, Geographic distribution, 3106 Ciencia Forestal, suscettibilità, lcsh:Plant ecology, invasive pathogens, interaktivni zemljevid patogena, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Producción Científica, Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database. A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen., COST Action FP1406 (PINESTRENGTH), the Estonian Science Foundation grant PSG136, the Forestry Commission, United Kingdom, the Phytophthora Research Centre Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000453, a project co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund., French National Research Agency (ANR) (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01), BBSRC, Defra, ESRC, the Forestry Commission, NERC and the Scottish Government (BB/L012251/1)
Published: 2020
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16. Genetic Structure of a Worldwide Germplasm Collection of Prunus armeniaca L. Reveals Three Major Diffusion Routes for Varieties Coming From the Species’ Center of Origin

Author: Hedia Bourguiba, Ivan Scotti, Christopher Sauvage, Tetyana Zhebentyayeva, Craig Ledbetter, Boris Krška, Arnaud Remay, Claudio D’Onofrio, Hiroyuki Iketani, Danilo Christen, Lamia Krichen, Neila Trifi-Farah, Weisheng Liu, Guillaume Roch, Jean-Marc Audergon, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Unité expérimentale du GEVES, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Agroscope, ACW STATION DE RECHERCHE AGROSCOPE CHANGINS WADENSWIL CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis (FST), Liaoning Technical University [Huludao], Innovation Conception Développement (I-CO-D), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Recherche Magellan, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Germplasm, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, history of diffusion, Prunus armeniaca L, Molecular marker, Genetic variation, lcsh:SB1-1110, apricot, 2. Zero hunger, SSR markers, Genetic diversity, population structure, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Prunus armeniaca, Center of origin, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, 030104 developmental biology, diversity pattern, chemistry, Evolutionary biology, Approximate Bayesian Computation, Genetic structure, Microsatellite, core collection, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The characterization of the largest worldwide representative data set of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm was performed using molecular markers. Genetic diversity and structure of the cultivated apricot genetic resources were analyzed to decipher the history of diffusion of this species around the world. A common set of 25 microsatellite markers was used for genotyping a total of 890 apricot accessions in different collections from the center of origin to the more recent regions of apricot culture. Using a Bayesian model-based clustering approach, the apricot genotypes can be structured into five different genetic clusters (F-ST = 0.174), correlated with the geographical regions of origin of the accessions. Accessions from China and Central Asia were clustered together and exhibited the highest levels of diversity, confirming an origin in this region. A loss of genetic diversity was observed from the center of origin to both western and eastern zones of recent apricot culture. Altogether, our results revealed that apricot spread from China and Central Asia, defined as the center of origin, following three major diffusion routes with a decreasing gradient of genetic variation in each geographical group. The identification of specific alleles outside the center of origin confirmed the existence of different secondary apricot diversification centers. The present work provides more understanding of the worldwide history of apricot species diffusion as well as the field of conservation of the available genetic resources. Data have been used to define an apricot core collection based on molecular marker diversity which will be useful for further identification of genomic regions associated with commercially important horticultural traits through genome-wide association studies to sustain apricot breeding programs.
Published: 2020
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17. Implications of crop model ensemble size and composition for estimates of adaptation effects and agreement of recommendations

Author: Yi Chen, Davide Cammarano, Thomas Gaiser, Jukka Höhn, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Mikhail A. Semenov, Miroslav Trnka, Altaaf Mechiche-Alami, Benjamin Dumont, Roberto Ferrise, Fulu Tao, Timothy R. Carter, Alfredo Rodríguez, Stefan Fronzek, C. Nendel, Julien Minet, Holger Hoffmann, F. Ewert, John R. Porter, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Pierre Stratonovitch, Marco Bindi, Zacharias Steinmetz, Samuel Buis, A.J.W. de Wit, Iwan Supit, Reimund P. Rötter, Ignacio J. Lorite, František Jurečka, Marcos Lana, Manuel Montesino, Piotr Baranowski, Taru Palosuo, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Nina Pirttioja, P. Hlavinka, Françoise Ruget, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Universtiy of Florence, Institute of Agrophysics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, Université de Liège, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Institute CAS, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Rothamsted Research, RIFCON GmbH, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), TROPAGS, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], MACSUR01-UPM ERA73-SUSTAG-UPM ERA73-SUSTAG-IFAPA, MACSUR02-APCIN2016-00050-00-00 MULCLIVAR-CGL2012-38923-C02-02, MACSUR-D.M.24064/7303/15, PLUMES-277276 PLUMES-277403 PLUMES-292836 NORFASYS-268277 NORFASYS-292944, SustES-C2.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797, LCAgri-BIOSTRATEG1/271322/3/NCBR/2015 GyroScan-BIOSTRATEG2/298782/11/NCBR/2016, SPACES-01LL1304A IMPAC<^>3-FKZ 031A351A MACSUR-031B0039C, BB/P016855/1, European Project: 603416,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,IMPRESSIONS(2013), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Lund University [Lund], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Wheat adaptation, Uncertainty, Climate change, Decision support, Response surface, Outcome confidence, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Low Confidence, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crop, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Baseline (configuration management), Adaptation (computer science), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Local adaptation, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, WIMEK, Water and Food, Forestry, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, 13. Climate action, Water Systems and Global Change, Crop simulation model, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Climate change is expected to severely affect cropping systems and food production in many parts of the world unless local adaptation can ameliorate these impacts. Ensembles of crop simulation models can be useful tools for assessing if proposed adaptation options are capable of achieving target yields, whilst also quantifying the share of uncertainty in the simulated crop impact resulting from the crop models themselves. Although some studies have analysed the influence of ensemble size on model outcomes, the effect of ensemble composition has not yet been properly appraised. Moreover, results and derived recommendations typically rely on averaged ensemble simulation results without accounting sufficiently for the spread of model outcomes. Therefore, we developed an Ensemble Outcome Agreement (EOA) index, which analyses the effect of changes in composition and size of a multi-model ensemble (MME) to evaluate the level of agreement between MME outcomes with respect to a given hypothesis (e.g. that adaptation measures result in positive crop responses). We analysed the recommendations of a previous study performed with an ensemble of 17 crop models and testing 54 adaptation options for rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Lleida (NE Spain) under perturbed conditions of temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results confirmed that most adaptations recommended in the previous study have a positive effect. However, we also showed that some options did not remain recommendable in specific conditions if different ensembles were considered. Using EOA, we were able to identify the adaptation options for which there is high confidence in their effectiveness at enhancing yields, even under severe climate perturbations. These include substituting spring wheat for winter wheat combined with earlier sowing dates and standard or longer duration cultivars, or introducing supplementary irrigation, the latter increasing EOA values in all cases. There is low confidence in recovering yields to baseline levels, although this target could be attained for some adaptation options under moderate climate perturbations. Recommendations derived from such robust results may provide crucial information for stakeholders seeking to implement adaptation measures.
Published: 2019
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18. Reply to Snowdon et al. and Piepho: Genetic response diversity to provide yield stability of cultivar groups deserves attention

Author: Alfredo Rodríguez, Hanna Mäkinen, Pavol Bezak, Janne Kaseva, Jan Balek, Anne Gobin, Roberto Ferrise, Marco Bindi, Mirek Trnka, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Jozef Takáč, Françoise Ruget, Domenico Ventrella, Claas Nendel, Gemma Capellades, Jørgen E. Olesen, Helena Kahiluoto, Camilla Dibari, Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association, Partenaires INRAE, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universtiy of Florence, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), National Agricultural and Food Centre, Fundacio Mas Badia, and Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, approche génétique, valeur environnementale, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate, Climate Change, WHEAT, Social Sciences, Forage, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Poaceae, 01 natural sciences, Sustainability Science, Crop, monoculture, Attention, Cultivar, Letters, Selection (genetic algorithm), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Triticum, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Genetic diversity, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, résistance aux parasites, Agricultural Sciences, donnée climatique, RESILIENCE, Biological Sciences, donnée météorologique, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Agronomy, culture fourragère, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Psychological resilience, Monoculture, Sciences agricoles, cultivar, 010606 plant biology & botany, Diversity (business)
Abstract: Climate resilience refers to the capacity of a system to buffer core functions against climate-related uncertainty and variability (1). The occurrence of diversity in responses to weather variability within a functional group or species (2, 3), such as European wheat that supplies bread and pasta, can ensure a reasonable yield regardless of weather conditions and provides genetic material for selection under changing climate (4). Genetic diversity is not directly related to response diversity, as shown for forage crops (5). Since most of the forage crop species were distributed among several weather response clusters and most of the clusters contained several species, the genetic closeness did not fully explain responses to critical weather conditions. This phenomenon may represent a keystone for breeding and thus deserves to be explored further. Indeed, genetic response diversity deserves more attention with respect to yield and quality (6). The suitability of response diversity to describe agronomic fitness in wheat monocultures is questioned by Snowdon et al. (7), but no arguments are presented. We (8) consider the approach suitable to assess and enhance the resilience of monocultures and thereby increase the stability of total yield under weather variability regardless of whether the complementary cultivars are cultivated on one farm or within a region, national borders, or Europe. Cultivar (or crop) mixtures common in forage cultivation and sometimes used with cereals … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: helena.kahiluoto{at}lut.fi. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Published: 2019
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19. Effects of crown architecture and stand structure on light absorption in mixed and monospecific Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris forests along a productivity and climate gradient through Europe

Author: Maciej Pach, Ignacio Barbeito, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Jan den Ouden, Christian Ammer, Mário Pereira, Miroslav Svoboda, Benjamin N. E. Plaga, Peter Annighöfer, Quentin Ponette, Michael Heym, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Hans Pretzsch, Kamil Bielak, Jerzy Skrzyszewski, David I. Forrester, Magnus Löf, Lluís Coll, Hubert Sterba, Miren del Río, Václav Hurt, Lars Drössler, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Universitat de Lleida, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Université d’Agriculture de Chine, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Czech University of Life Science, Forest Research Institute, Czech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (COST CZ - LD14063), COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) COST Action EuMIXFOR, and German Research Foundation (FO 791/4-1)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Plant Science, Complementarity, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Resource availability, Maestra model|Plant–plant interactions, Fagus sylvatica, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mixing (physics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Maestra model, Ecology, biology, Phenology, Crown (botany), Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Tree height, biology.organism_classification, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Allometric equation, Plant-plant interactions, Plant–plant interactions, Allometry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 1. When tree‐species mixtures are more productive than monocultures, higher light absorption is often suggested as a cause. However, few studies have quantified this effect and even fewer have examined which light‐related interactions are most important, such as the effects of species interactions on tree allometric relationships and crown architecture, differences in vertical or horizontal canopy structure, phenology of deciduous species or the mixing effects on tree size and stand density. 2. In this study, measurements of tree sizes and stand structures were combined with a detailed tree‐level light model (Maestra) to examine the contribution of each light‐related interaction on tree‐ and stand‐level light absorption at 21 sites, each of which contained a triplet of plots including a mixture and monocultures of Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris (63 plots). These sites were distributed across the current distribution of these species within Europe. 3. Averaged across all sites, the light absorption of mixtures was 14% higher than the mean of the monocultures. At the whole community level, this positive effect of mixing on light absorption increased as canopy volume or site productivity increased, but was unrelated to climate. At the species population or individual tree levels, the mixing effect on light absorption resulted from light‐related interactions involving vertical canopy structure, stand density, the presence of a deciduous species (F. sylvatica), as well as the effects of mixing on tree size and allometric relationships between diameter and height, crown diameter and crown length. 4. The mixing effects on light absorption were only correlated with the mixing effects on growth for P. sylvestris, suggesting that the mixing effects on this species were driven by the light‐related interactions, whereas mixing effects on F. sylvatica or whole community growth were probably driven by non‐light‐related interactions. 5. Synthesis. The overall positive effect of mixing on light absorption was the result of a range of light‐related interactions. However, the relative importance of these interactions varied between sites and is likely to vary between other species combinations and as stands develop. Czech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. Grant Number: COST CZ ‐ LD14063 and and LD14074; COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Grant Number: COST Action EuMIXFOR; German Research Foundation. Grant Number: FO 791/4‐1
Published: 2018
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20. Towards establishment of a centralized spider traits database

Author: Nuria Macías-Hernández, Boon Hui Wong, Stefano Mammola, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Wolfgang Nentwig, Jonas O. Wolff, Marie E. Herberstein, Radek Michalko, Tracy Lynn Audisio, Kaïna Privet, Stanislav Pekár, Klaus Birkhofer, Gabriele Uhl, Filipe Chichorro, Julien Pétillon, Donald James McLean, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Charles R. Haddad, Catherine Scott, Fernando Urbano-Tenorio, Alfonso Aceves-Aparicio, Marco Isaia, Vasco Veiga Branco, Pedro Cardoso, Caroline Sayuri Fukushima, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, Macquarie University, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), Universidade dos Açores, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), University of the Free State [South Africa], University of Turin, Universität Trier, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia = Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Universität Bern [Bern], Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Acadia University, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, National University of Singapore (NUS), ICA organizing committee, International Society of Arachnology, Macquarie University Species Spectrum Research Center, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Australian Research CouncilAustralian Research Council [DE190101338], Australian Research Council, Zoology, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Trier University, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, comparative analysis, Ecology (disciplines), Population, 010607 zoology, Functional diversity, Biology, functional ecology, Evolutionary ecology, ECOLOGY, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DISPERSAL, DRIVERS, BETA-DIVERSITY, education, Phenotypic traits, functional diversity, functional ecology, ecosystem functioning, evolutionary ecology, comparative analysis, Spider, Functional ecology, education.field_of_study, Database, Phenotypic traits, Comparative analysis, Phenotypic trait, 15. Life on land, functional diversity, EVOLUTION, CLIMATE, SIZE, Insect Science, ecosystem functioning, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, evolutionary ecology, Ecosystem functioning, Trait, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer
Abstract: A main goal of ecological and evolutionary biology is understanding and predicting interactions between populations and both abiotic and biotic environments, the spatial and temporal variation of these interactions, and the effects on population dynamics and performance. Trait-based approaches can help to model these interactions and generate a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. A central tool is the collation of databases that include species trait information. Such centralized databases have been set up for a number of organismal groups but is lacking for one of the most important groups of predators in terrestrial ecosystems – spiders. Here we promote the collation of an open spider traits database, integrated into the global Open Traits Network. We explore the current collation of spider data and cover the logistics of setting up a global database, including which traits to include, the source of data, how to input data, database governance, geographic cover, accessibility, quality control and how to make the database sustainable long-term. Finally, we explore the scope of research questions that could be investigated using a global spider traits database., This paper was written as a result of a workshop at the International Congress of Arachnology in Christchurch, New Zealand 2019. We would like to thank the ICA organizing committee and the International Society of Arachnology for their support, the Macquarie University Species Spectrum Research Center and a Pentti Tuomikoski Grant from the Finnish Museum of Natural History for financial support. JOW was supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award of the Australian Research Council (DE190101338).
Published: 2020
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21. The Fungal PCR Initiative’s evaluation of in-house and commercial Pneumocystis jirovecii qPCR assays: towards a standard for a diagnostics assay

Author: Gits-Muselli, Maud, White, P. Lewis, Mengoli, Carlo, Chen, Sharon, Crowley, Brendan, Dingemans, Gijs, Fréalle, Emilie, Gorton, Rebecca, Guiver, Malcom, Hagen, Ferry, Halliday, Catriona, Johnson, Gemma, Lagrou, Katrien, Lengerova, Martina, Melchers, Willem Jg, Novak-Frazer, Lily, Rautemaa-Richardson, Riina, Scherer, Emeline, Steinmann, Joerg, Cruciani, Mario, Barnes, Rosemary, Donnelly, J. Peter, Loeffler, Juergen, Bretagne, Stéphane, Alanio, Alexandre, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital (IUHW Hospital), Universita degli Studi di Padova, The University of Sydney, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), University Medical Center [Utrecht], University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), University of Duisburg-Essen, Ospedale Fracastoro San Bonifacio [Verona], Cardiff University, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), We would like to thank Aude Sturny-Leclère, Marion Benazra, and Dirk Schmid for technical assistance and Dr Samia Hamane for her aid in managing the routine diagnosis of PCP. We also thank Pr Anne Bergeron who is in charge of the broncho-alveolar lavage procedure at Saint-Louis hospital, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], and Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology
Abstract: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is increasingly used to detect Pneumocystis jirovecii for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), but there are differences in the nucleic acids targeted, DNA only versus whole nucleic acid (WNA), and also the target genes for amplification. Through the Fungal qPCR Initiative, a working group of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, a multicentre and monocentre evaluation of PCP qPCR assays was performed. For the multicentre study, 16 reference laboratories from eight different countries, performing 20 assays analysed a panel consisting of two negative and three PCP positive samples. Aliquots were prepared by pooling residual material from 20 negative or positive- P. jirovecii bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs). The positive pool was diluted to obtain three concentrations (pure 1:1; 1:100; and 1:1000 to mimic high, medium, and low fungal loads respectively). The monocentre study compared five in-house and five commercial qPCR assays testing 19 individual BALFs on the same amplification platform. Across both evaluations and for all fungal loads, targeting WNA and the mitochondrial small sub-unit (mtSSU) provided the earliest Cq values, compared to only targeting DNA and the mitochondrial large subunit, the major surface glycoprotein or the beta-tubulin genes. Thus, Reverse Transcriptase-qPCR targeting the mtSSU gene could serve as a basis for standardizing the P. jirovecii load, which is essential if qPCR is to be incorporated into clinical care pathways as the reference method, accepting that additional parameters such as amplification platforms still need evaluation
Published: 2019

22. The competitiveness to form nodules shapes the capacities of Rhizobium leguminosarum sv viciae communities to promote symbiosis with specific hosts

Author: Boivin, Stéphane, Ait Lahmidi, Nassima, Sherlock, D., Dijon, D, Heulin-Gotty, Karine, Le Quere, Antoine, Pervent, Marjorie, Tauzin, Marc, Mazurier, Sylvie, Bonhomme, M., Carlsson, G., Jensen, E., Journet, Etienne-Pascal, Lopez-Bellido, R.J, Seidenglanz, M., Marinkovic, J., Colella, Stefano, Brunel, Brigitte, Young, P., Lepetit, Marc, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of York, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Córdoba, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops [Novi Sad], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, food and beverages, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Cultivated fabeae legumes (pea, fababean, lentil) develop root nodules resulting from the symbiotic interaction with Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viciae (Rlv). Individual Rlv bacteria are able to associate with various potential hosts, but in soil they are in mixture and they display a wide range of competitiveness to form nodules (CFN). Because in Rlv, CFN and capacity to fix nitrogen are genetically independent, CFN limits the effectiveness of inoculation strategies as efficient bacteria are often outcompeted by poorly efficient Rlv bacteria of the soil community. We developed a strategy to identify bacterial genes controlling CFN. A worldwide collection of 240 Rlv isolates was obtained by combining bacteria described in GenBank with new isolates obtained worldwide by pea, fababean and lentil root nodule trapping. 100 genomes (22 already in GenBank) were sequenced. The extended Rlv complex species includes probably 16 genospecies and two main groups of symbiosis plasmids that can be horizontally transferred. We identified phylogenetic clades of Rlv displaying contrasted levels of CFN upon pea and fababean. A molecular barcode was designed on nodD gene to discriminate and quantify intraspecific variability of Rlv in root systems allowing estimate CFN in symbiotic pea, fababean or lentil associations with multiple Rlv potential partners. Several plasmid regions genetically associated with pea/fababean CFN phenotypes were identified. Candidate genes include specific nod genes as well as other genes with unknown function in symbiosis.
Published: 2019

23. Deciphering the Epigenetic Alphabet Involved in Transgenerational Stress Memory in Crops

Author: Evangelia V. Avramidou, Stéphane Maury, Philippe Gallusci, Efi Sarri, Federico Martinelli, Eleni M. Abraham, Maria Gerakari, Eleni Tani, Na'ama Segal, Chiara Vergata, Mateo Gašparović, Valya Vassileva, Pilar S. Testillano, Glória Pinto, Eirini Kaiserli, Vasileios Fotopoulos, Miroslav Baránek, Hans Hoenicka, Erna Karalija, Dragana Miladinović, Aliki Kapazoglou, Velimir Mladenov, Manuela Nagel, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Mladenov, Velimir, Fotopoulos, Vasileios, Kaiserli, Eirini, Karalija, Erna, Maury, Stéphane, Baránek, Miroslav, Segal, Na’ama, Testillano, P. S., Vassileva, Valya, Pinto, Glória, Nagel, Manuela, Hoenicka, Hans, Miladinovic, Dragana, Gallusci, Philippe, Vergata, Chiara, Kapazoglou, Aliki, Abraham, Eleni, Tani, Eleni, Sarri, Efi, Avramidou, Evangelia V., Gašparović, Mateo, Martinelli, Federico, Mladenov, Velimir [0000-0002-2182-6579], Fotopoulos, Vasileios [0000-0003-1205-2070], Kaiserli, Eirini [0000-0003-1517-4591], Karalija, Erna [0000-0001-7262-0645], Maury, Stéphane [0000-0003-0481-0847], Baránek, Miroslav [0000-0002-1583-3588], Segal, Na’ama [0000-0002-4133-6411, Testillano, P. S. [0000-0003-4509-7646], Vassileva, Valya [0000-0002-9055-8002], Pinto, Glória [0000-0001-7735-5131], Nagel, Manuela [0000-0003-0396-0333], Hoenicka, Hans [0000-0001-7226-3772], Miladinovic, Dragana [0000-0001-9555-9162], Gallusci, Philippe [0000-0003-1163-8299], Vergata, Chiara [0000-0003-2727-7977], Kapazoglou, Aliki [0000-0002-7584-5994], Abraham, Eleni [0000-0003-4032-5830], Tani, Eleni [0000-0001-6178-0459], Sarri, Efi [0000-0003-4816-2167], Avramidou, Evangelia V. [0000-0002-5932-1189], Gašparović, Mateo [0000-0003-2345-7882], Martinelli, Federico [0000-0002-8502-767X], University of Novi Sad, Cyprus University of Technology, University of Glasgow, University of Sarajevo, UNIVERZITET U SARAJEVU, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), National Center for Mariculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Universidade de Aveiro, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops [Novi Sad], Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation 'DEMETER', Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agricultural University of Athens, and University of Zagreb
Subjects: Epigenomics, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Acclimatization, Inheritance Patterns, Review, 01 natural sciences, Epigenesis, Genetic, Biotic stress, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Biology (General), Stress memory, Spectroscopy, 2. Zero hunger, Agricultural Sciences, Epigenetic, food and beverages, General Medicine, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Adaptation, Physiological, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, Identification (biology), abiotic stress, biotic stress, epigenetic, methodology, stress memory, transgenerational memory, Crops, Agricultural, QH301-705.5, Biology, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Transgenerational epigenetics, Stress, Physiological, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Epigenetics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, Molecular Biology, Abiotic stress, fungi, Organic Chemistry, Methodology, Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Transgenerational memory, DNA Methylation, Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Alphabet, Adaptation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 20 p.-3 fig., Although epigenetic modifications have been intensely investigated over the last decade due to their role in crop adaptation to rapid climate change, it is unclear which epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore transmitted to their progeny. The identification of epigenetic marks that are transmitted to the next generations is of primary importance for their use in breeding and for the development of new cultivars with a broad-spectrum of tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss general aspects of plant responses to environmental stresses and provide an overview of recent findings on the role of transgenerational epigenetic modifications in crops. In addition, we take the opportunity to describe the aims of EPI-CATCH, an international COST action consortium composed by researchers from 28 countries. The aim of this COST action launched in 2020 is: (1) to define standardized pipelines and methods used in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in plants, (2) update, share, and exchange findings in epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in plants, (3) develop new concepts and frontiers in plant epigenetics and epigenomics, (4) enhance dissemination, communication, and transfer of knowledge in plant epigenetics and epigenomics, This finalization of the review was funded by COST Action CA19125—EPIgenetic mechanisms of Crop Adaptation to Climate cHange.
Published: 2021
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24. Modelling the bearing and branching behaviors of 1-year-old shoots in apricot genotypes

Author: Martin Mészáros, Yann Guédon, Evelyne Costes, Boris Krška, Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy (VSUO), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières [AGAP] (AFEF), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), National Program on Plant Genetic Resources, Agrobiodiversity Conservation and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture of Czech Republic, No. 20139/2006-13020, and the infrastructure of the project No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0116. of Pomology Research Institute within the Operation Program Research and Development for Innovations and LO1608 – Pomology Research Center within the National Sustainable Development Strategy
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Prunus armeniaca, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Branching (linguistics), Prunus, Genotype, Cultivar, Peach Trees, Plant Growth and Development, Multidisciplinary, Plant Anatomy, Eukaryota, food and beverages, Agriculture, Plants, Markov Chains, Horticulture, Physical Sciences, Shoot, Medicine, Buds, Orchards, Plant Shoots, Research Article, Farms, Science, Flowers, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Fruits, Axillary bud, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, fungi, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Probability Theory, Probability Distribution, Fruit, Shoot Growth, Mathematics, Cloning, Developmental Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In most temperate fruit trees, fruits are located on one-year old shoots. In Prunus species, flowers and fruits are born in axillary position along those shoots. The axillary bud fate and branching patterns are thus key components of the cultivar potential fruit production. The objective of this study was to analyze the branching and bearing behaviors of 1-year-old shoots of apricot cultivars and clones genetically closely related. Shoot structures were analyzed in terms of axillary bud fates using hidden semi-Markov chains and compared depending on the genotype, year and shoot length. The shoots were composed of three successive zones containing latent buds (basal zone), central flower buds (median zone) and vegeta-tive buds (distal zone), respectively. The last two zones contained few associated flower buds. The zones length (in number of metamers) and occurrence strongly depended on shoot development in the two successive years. With decrease in the number of metamers per shoot, the last two zones become shorter or may not develop. While the number of metamers of the basal and distal zones and the number of associated flower buds correlated to the number of metamers of the shoot, the number of metamers of the median zone and the transition probability from the median to the distal zone were cultivar specific.
Published: 2020
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25. Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution

Author: Gergely J. Szöllősi, Kurt LaButti, Claudio Angelini, William Andreopoulos, Nikolett Rácz, Brigitta Kiss, Anton Shiryaev, Karen W. Hughes, Karl Soop, Igor V. Grigoriev, Csenge Földi, Tuula Niskanen, Viktória Bense, Machiel E. Noordeloos, Bálint Dima, Sándor Kocsubé, Anna Lipzen, Alfredo Justo, Wolfgang Dämon, József Geml, Jessie K. Uehling, Robin A. Ohm, Neale L. Bougher, Pam Catcheside, Péter Finy, Anton Savchenko, Dennis E. Desjardin, Bernardo Ernesto Lechner, Peter K. Buchanan, Sajeet Haridas, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Bart Buyck, David S. Hibbett, Francis Martin, Viacheslav Spirin, Tamás Papp, Jerry A. Cooper, Otto Miettinen, Heikki Kotiranta, Clark L. Ovrebo, Vladimír Antonín, Kerrie Barry, Marisol Sánchez-García, László Albert, Zoltán Lukács, Santiago Sánchez-Ramírez, Kare Liimatainen, Mansi Chovatia, Robert Riley, Krisztina Krizsán, Dariusz Karasiński, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, Rodham E. Tulloss, Csilla Szebenyi, Sirma Mihaltcheva, Torda Varga, Louis N. Morgado, Michal Tomšovský, János Gergő Szarkándi, Ivona Kautmanová, László Nagy, Viktor Papp, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Clark University, University of Toronto, University of Szeged, Szent István University, Hungarian Mycological Society, United States Department of Energy, Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Moravian Museum, Western Australian Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), State Herbarium South Australia, San Francisco State University (SFSU), National Biodiversityt Center, University of Tennessee, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Slovak National Museum, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Royal Botanic Gardens, University of Oslo (UiO), Utrecht University [Utrecht], US Forest Service, University of Oklahoma (OU), University of Helsinki, University of Tartu, the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Herbarium Amanitarum Rooseveltensis, New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Momentum Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences LP2014/12, European Research Council (ERC) 758161, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05CH11231, National Talent Program NTP-NFTO-17-B-0337, New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities UNKP-18-3, Straub Young Scientist scholarship from the Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO) MK000094862, Nagy, László G, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) (RAS), Mendel University in Brno, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sub Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Microbiology, and Botany
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], champignon, DIVERSITY, phylogeny, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, R PACKAGE, 1183 Plant biology, microbiology, virology, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, Genome, biology, Ecology, EXTINCTION RATES, ADAPTIVE RADIATION, Fungal, EXPLOSIVE DIVERSIFICATION, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Molecular phylogenetics, Micología, Genome, Fungal, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Evolution, histoire évolutive, education, 010603 evolutionary biology, Agaricomycetes, Article, Ciencias Biológicas, LIKELIHOOD, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogenetics, phylogénie moléculaire, phylogénie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], SPECIATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Extinction event, Key innovation, Extinction, AGARICOMYCETES, FORMING FUNGI, fungi, Genetic Variation, BINARY, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, arbre phylogénétique, MEGAPHYLOGENY, Agaricales, evolutionary history, basidiomycete
Abstract: Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive and dated molecular phylogeny. Here, using multigene and genome-based data, we assemble a 5,284-species phylogenetic tree and infer ages and broad patterns of speciation/extinction and morphological innovation in mushroom-forming fungi. Agaricomycetes started a rapid class-wide radiation in the Jurassic, coinciding with the spread of (sub)tropical coniferous forests and a warming climate. A possible mass extinction, several clade-specific adaptive radiations and morphological diversification of fruiting bodies followed during the Cretaceous and the Paleogene, convergently giving rise to the classic toadstool morphology, with a cap, stalk and gills (pileate-stipitate morphology). This morphology is associated with increased rates of lineage diversification, suggesting it represents a key innovation in the evolution of mushroom-forming fungi. The increase in mushroom diversity started during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic radiation event, an era of humid climate when terrestrial communities dominated by gymnosperms and reptiles were also expanding. Fil: Varga, Torda. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences; Hungría Fil: Krizsán, Krisztina. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences; Hungría Fil: Földi, Csenge. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences; Hungría Fil: Dima, Bálint. Eötvös Loránd University; Hungría Fil: Sánchez-García, Marisol. Clark University; Estados Unidos Fil: Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentina Fil: Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Szöllosi, Gergely J.. Eötvös Loránd University; Hungría Fil: Szarkándi, János G.. University Of Szeged; Hungría Fil: Papp, Viktor. Szent István University; Hungría Fil: Albert, László. Hungarian Mycological Society; Hungría Fil: Andreopoulos, William. United States Department Of Energy. Joint Genome Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Angelini, Claudio. Jardin Botanico Nacional Ma. Moscoso; República Dominicana Fil: Antonín, Vladimír. Moravian Museum; República Checa Fil: Barry, Kerrie W.. United States Department Of Energy. Joint Genome Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Bougher, Neale L.. Western Australian Herbarium; Australia Fil: Buchanan, Peter. Manaaki Whenua-landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Buyck, Bart. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Francia Fil: Bense, Viktória. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences; Hungría Fil: Catcheside, Pam. State Herbarium Of South Australia; Australia Fil: Chovatia, Mansi. United States Department Of Energy. Joint Genome Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Cooper, Jerry. Manaaki Whenua-landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Dämon, Wolfgang. Oberfeldstrasse 9; Austria Fil: Desjardin, Dennis. San Francisco State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Finy, Péter. Zsombolyai U. 56.; Hungría Fil: Geml, József. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Haridas, Sajeet. United States Department Of Energy. Joint Genome Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Hughes, Karen. University of Tennessee; Estados Unidos Fil: Justo, Alfredo. Clark University; Estados Unidos Fil: Karasinski, Dariusz. Polish Academy of Sciences; Polonia
Published: 2019
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26. Invasive forest pathogens in Europe: Cross-country variation in public awareness but consistency in policy acceptability

Author: Marília Horta Jung, Halvor Solheim, Jan Stenlid, Ari M. Hietala, Johanna Boberg, Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi, Slavtcho Slavov, Jonàs Oliva, Tamara Corcobado, Thomas Jung, Funda Oskay, T. Cech, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Louise Eriksson, Umeå University, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Süleyman Demirel University, Çankırı Karatekin University, Agricultural Academy, and Universitat de Lleida
Subjects: Media, politique forestière, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Planning and Development, mulltilevel models, problem awareness, risk experience, Tree diseases, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, tree diseases, Forests, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Consistency (negotiation), media, forêt, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental Chemistry, Risk experience, Socioeconomics, Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVELIMPLEMENTATION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Public awareness, Multilevel models, Cross country, Ecology, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, Multilevel model, food and beverages, General Medicine, Tvärvetenskapliga studier inom samhällsvetenskap, 15. Life on land, Europe, Policy, Variation (linguistics), Forest pathogens, 13. Climate action, Business, Social Sciences Interdisciplinary, Problem awareness, Public support, agent pathogène, Research Article
Abstract: Political action can reduce introductions of diseases caused by invasive forest pathogens (IPs) and public support is important for effective prevention. The public’s awareness of IP problems and the acceptability of policies aiming to combat these pathogens were surveyed in nine European countries ( N = 3469). Although awareness of specific diseases (e.g., ash dieback) varied, problem awareness and policy acceptability were similar across countries. The public was positive towards policies for informational measures and stricter standards for plant production, but less positive towards restricting public access to protected areas. Multilevel models, including individual and country level variables, revealed that media exposure was positively associated with awareness of IP problems, and strengthened the link between problem awareness and policy acceptability. Results suggest that learning about IPs through the media and recognizing the associated problems increase policy acceptability. Overall, the study elaborates on the anthropogenic dimension of diseases caused by IPs. Funding for this study was obtained through the European BiodivERsA project ‘‘RESIPATH: Responses of European Forests and Society to Invasive Pathogens’’ co-financed by national funds. In Portugal, this research was co-funded by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation Ref. BIODIVERSA/0002/2012.
Published: 2019
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27. From leaf to continent: The multi-scale distribution of an invasive cryptic pathogen complex on oak

Author: Marie Massot, Julie Faivre d’Arcier, Levente Kiss, Katarína Pastirčáková, Uwe Braun, Slavtcho Slavov, Johanna Boberg, Xavier Capdevielle, Corina Junker, Martin Pastirčák, P. Christova, Olivier Fabreguettes, Tamara Corcobado, Maude Toïgo, Dominique Piou, Funda Oskay, Ayco J. M. Tack, Cyril Dutech, Andrin Gross, Anne Chandelier, Tugba Dogmus, Gilles Saint-Jean, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Kaloyan Kostov, Jonàs Oliva, Jan Stenlid, Thomas R. Cech, Susumu Takamatsu, Arnaud Sallafranque, Marília Horta Jung, Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya, A. Lyubenova, Tania Fort, A. Lehtijärvi, Venche Talgø, Thomas Jung, Eugenia Iturritxa, Benoit Marçais, Lehtijaervi, Asko Tapio, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, AgroBioInstitute, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Faculty of Forestry, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Partenaires INRAE, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Bursa Technical University, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitat de Lleida, Çankırı Karatekin University, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Mie University, and Stockholm University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Scale (anatomy), Species complex, Emission inventory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Landbruksfag: 910::Planteforedling, hagebruk, plantevern, plantepatologi: 911, Distribution (economics), Plant Science, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Quercus, Powdery mildew, Erysiphe alphitoides, Cryptic invasion, Plant pathogen, Erysiphe, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Ecological Modeling, Niche differentiation, Species coexistence, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oak, Cryptic species, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Marcais, Benoit/0000-0002-8107-644X; Jung, Thomas/0000-0003-2034-0718; Jung, Marilia Horta/0000-0003-2219-8647; Corcobado, Tamara/0000-0001-5762-4728; Lyubenova, Aneta/0000-0001-7414-1808; Pastircak, Martin/0000-0001-5118-9518; Pastircakova, Katarina/0000-0003-0371-428X; Fort, Tomas/0000-0002-4186-0918; Oskay, Funda/0000-0002-8918-5595; Oliva, Jonas/0000-0003-2418-2542; FORT, Tania/0000-0001-6998-5985; Kiss, Levente/0000-0002-4785-4308; Iturritxa, Eugenia/0000-0002-6390-5873; Aday Kaya, Ayse Gulden/0000-0002-5631-6026; Nave, Corina/0000-0003-2290-8282 WOS:000452564900005 The spatial distribution and niche differentiation of three closely related species (Erysiphe alphitoides, Erysiphe quercicola and Erysiphe hypophylla) causing oak powdery mildew was studied at scales ranging from the European continent, where they are invasive, to a single leaf. While E. alphitoides was dominant at all scales, E. quercicola and E. hypophylla had restricted geographic, stand and leaf distributions. The large-scale distributions were likely explained by climatic factors and species environmental tolerances, with E. quercicola being more frequent in warmer climates and E. hypophylla in colder climates. The extensive sampling and molecular analyses revealed the cryptic invasion of E. quercicola in nine countries from which it had not previously been recorded. The presence of the three species was also strongly affected by host factors, such as oak species and developmental stage. Segregation patterns between Erysiphe species were observed at the leaf scale, between and within leaf surfaces, suggesting competitive effects. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Conseil Regional d'AquitaineRegion Nouvelle-Aquitaine [20030304002FA, 20040305003FA]; European Union FEDEREuropean Commission [2003227]; Investissements d'AvenirFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-EQPX-16-01]; European BiodivERsA project "RESIPATH: Responses of European Forests and Society to Invasive Pathogens"; Portuguese Science and Technology FoundationPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [BIODIVERSA/0002/2012, ANR-13-EBID-0005-01]; ANR (France)French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-13-BSV7-0011]; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16K07613, 16F16097]; Slovak Research and Development AgencySlovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-15 0210] We thank Adrien Bolay, Caroline Gordon, Banga Grigaliunaite, Gabriela Juhasova, Vasyl Heluta, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, Eleni Topalidou, Gy-ongyver Nagy, and all other collectors, for providing samples. Part of the analyses were performed at the Genome Transcriptome Facility of Bordeaux (grants from the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine no 20030304002FA and 20040305003FA, from the European Union FEDER no 2003227 and from Investissements d'Avenir ANR-10-EQPX-16-01). Funding was obtained through the European BiodivERsA project "RESIPATH: Responses of European Forests and Society to Invasive Pathogens" co-financed by national funds (ANR-13-EBID-0005-01 for France, Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation Ref. BIODIVERSA/0002/2012). Other grants came from the ANR (France) Funfit project (ANR-13-BSV7-0011), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. 16K07613 and16F16097), and the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-15 0210.
Published: 2018
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28. Chilling and forcing temperatures interact to predict the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers

Author: Nicolas Delpierre, Patrick Fonti, Václav Treml, Cornelia Krause, Edurne Martínez del Castillo, Jožica Gričar, Henri E. Cuny, Harri Mäkinen, Ségolène Lireux, Guohua Liu, Annie Deslauriers, Florian Hartig, Jianguo Huang, J. Julio Camarero, Hanus Vavrick, Seyedeh Masoumeh Saderi, Alissar Cheaib, Pekka Nöjd, Martin de Luis, Hubert Morin, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Katarina Čufar, Sergio Rossi, Peter Prislan, Walter Oberhuber, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Regensburg, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Peking University, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Innsbruck, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Charles University [Prague] (CU), and Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canada, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, forcing temperatures, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate Change, Climate change, Context (language use), cambium, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Xylem, Temperate climate, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, Phenology, Taiga, Northern Hemisphere, Temperature, Picea abies, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Wood, wood phenology, Europe, Tracheophyta, 13. Climate action, conifers, phenological models, Environmental science, Seasons, Larch, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, chilling temperatures
Abstract: International audience; The phenology of wood formation is a critical process to consider for predicting how trees from the temperate and boreal zones may react to climate change. Compared to leaf phenology, however, the determinism of wood phenology is still poorly known. Here, we compared for the first time three alternative ecophysiological model classes (threshold models, heat-sum models and chilling-influenced heat-sum models) and an empirical model in their ability to predict the starting date of xylem cell enlargement in spring, for four major Northern Hemisphere conifers (Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Picea mariana). We fitted models with Bayesian inference to wood phenological data collected for 220 site-years over Europe and Canada. The chilling-influenced heat-sum model received most support for all the four studied species, predicting validation data with a 7.7-day error, which is within one day of the observed data resolution. We conclude that both chilling and forcing temperatures determine the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers. Importantly, the chilling-influenced heat-sum model showed virtually no spatial bias whichever the species, despite the large environmental gradients considered. This suggests that the spring onset of wood formation is far less affected by local adaptation than by environmentally driven plasticity. In a context of climate change, we therefore expect rising winter-spring temperature to exert ambivalent effects on the spring onset of wood formation, tending to hasten it through the accumulation of forcing temperature, but imposing a higher forcing temperature requirement through the lower accumulation of chilling.
Published: 2018
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29. Cereal yield gaps across Europe

Author: Lilia Levy, Joost Wolf, Jerzy Kozyra, Hélène Marrou, M. Ines Minguez, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Marloes P. van Loon, Anne Kjersti Uhlen, A Nierobca, Vanya Manolova, Bert Rijk, Lenny G.J. van Bussel, V. Ion, Katarzyna Żyłowska, Nikos Danalatos, Mink Zijlstra, Till Seehusen, Oleksii Kryvobok, H. Kirchev, Taru Palosuo, Antonio Pulina, Anne Gobin, Pier Paolo Roggero, Martin K. van Ittersum, Roger Sylvester-Bradley, Jan Peter Lesschen, Hugo de Groot, Ivan Manolov, Maksim Khitrykau, Cairistiona F.E. Topp, D. R. Kindred, José Coutinho, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, Hendrik Boogaard, Michael Oberforster, Mirek Trnka, Jørgen E. Olesen, P. Hlavinka, Juan Manuel Herrera, Simona Bassu, Henrik Eckersten, Josiane Lorgeou, Oleksandr Kryvoshein, René Schils, Jürg Hiltbrunner, Valery Kalyada, Benvindo Martins Maçãs, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, João Vasco Silva, Nándor Fodor, Lauri Jauhiainen, John Spink, Jozef Takáč, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, TempAg, Wageningen University & Research, MACSUR, Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association, Partenaires INRAE, Institute for sustainable Plant Production, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Agricultural University [Plovdiv], Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Thessaly, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), Plant Breeding Station, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Technical University of Madrid, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Agroscope, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), strategic investment funds (IPOP) of Wageningen University Research, and MACSUR under EU FACCE-JPI
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AGRICULTURE, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, céréale, Crop modelling, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Yield potential, EMISSIONS, Annual percentage yield, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable Soil Use, Wheat, Barley, Grain maize, Nitrogen, Food security, CLIMATE-CHANGE, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, 1. No poverty, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agroécologie, PE&RC, SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION, Agricultural sciences, Plant Production Systems, Milieusysteemanalyse, europe, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, IMPACTS, Irrigation, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Yield (finance), VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Landbruksfag: 910::Planteforedling, hagebruk, plantevern, plantepatologi: 911, WHEAT, Soil Science, Crop, NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY, Production (economics), FERTILITY, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, production céréaliere, WIMEK, Science & Technology, LAND-USE, Crop yield, Yield gap, Agronomy, SOIL, Environmental Systems Analysis, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles
Abstract: peer-reviewed Europe accounts for around 20% of the global cereal production and is a net exporter of ca. 15% of that production. Increasing global demand for cereals justifies questions as to where and by how much Europe’s production can be increased to meet future global market demands, and how much additional nitrogen (N) crops would require. The latter is important as environmental concern and legislation are equally important as production aims in Europe. Here, we used a country-by-country, bottom-up approach to establish statistical estimates of actual grain yield, and compare these to modelled estimates of potential yields for either irrigated or rainfed conditions. In this way, we identified the yield gaps and the opportunities for increased cereal production for wheat, barley and maize, which represent 90% of the cereals grown in Europe. The combined mean annual yield gap of wheat, barley, maize was 239 Mt, or 42% of the yield potential. The national yield gaps ranged between 10 and 70%, with small gaps in many north-western European countries, and large gaps in eastern and south-western Europe. Yield gaps for rainfed and irrigated maize were consistently lower than those of wheat and barley. If the yield gaps of maize, wheat and barley would be reduced from 42% to 20% of potential yields, this would increase annual cereal production by 128 Mt (39%). Potential for higher cereal production exists predominantly in Eastern Europe, and half of Europe’s potential increase is located in Ukraine, Romania and Poland. Unlocking the identified potential for production growth requires a substantial increase of the crop N uptake of 4.8 Mt. Across Europe, the average N uptake gaps, to achieve 80% of the yield potential, were 87, 77 and 43 kg N ha−1 for wheat, barley and maize, respectively. Emphasis on increasing the N use efficiency is necessary to minimize the need for additional N inputs. Whether yield gap reduction is desirable and feasible is a matter of balancing Europe’s role in global food security, farm economic objectives and environmental targets. We received financial contributions from the strategic investment funds (IPOP) of Wageningen University & Research, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, MACSUR under EU FACCE-JPI which was funded through several national contributions, and TempAg (http://tempag.net/).
Published: 2018
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30. Biodiversity and phylogeny of arid-adapted darkling beetle in the subfamily Pimeliinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Author: Bouchard, P., Smith, A.D., Kanda, K., Kaminski, Monique, Flores, G., Kergoat, Gael, Condamine, Fabien L., Aalbu, R., Lamb, A., Purchart, L., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), University of Southern California (USC), Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) (SBIM), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

31. Classifying multi-model wheat yield impact response surfaces showing sensitivity to temperature and precipitation change

Author: Miroslav Trnka, Paola A. Deligios, Alfredo Rodríguez, Pierre Stratonovitch, Françoise Ruget, Ingrid Jacquemin, Marco Moriondo, Louis François, Katharina Waha, Alessia Perego, Mikhail A. Semenov, Fulu Tao, Benjamin Dumont, Christoph Müller, Frank Ewert, Petr Hlavinka, Per Bodin, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Marie-France Destain, Lianhai Wu, Marco Acutis, Cezary Sławiński, Senthold Asseng, Nina Pirttioja, Piotr Baranowski, Marco Bindi, Manuel Montesino, Davide Cammarano, Taru Palosuo, M. Ines Minguez, Claas Nendel, Timothy R. Carter, Iwan Supit, Bruno Basso, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Zhigan Zhao, Samuel Buis, Alex C. Ruane, Thomas Gaiser, Chris Kollas, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Roberto Ferrise, Ignacio J. Lorite, Julien Minet, Holger Hoffmann, Reimund P. Rötter, Enli Wang, Isik Öztürk, Stefan Fronzek, Mattia Sanna, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Agrophysics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Lund University [Lund], Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Université de Liège, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), China Agricultural University (CAU), Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), cademy of Finland 277276 277403 292836, Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (FACCE-MACSUR), Polish National Centre for Research and Development BIOSTRATEG1/271322/3/NCBR/2015, BIOSTRATEG2 298782, German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food 2851ERA01J, FACCE MACSUR 2812ERA 147, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research via the 'Limpopo Living Landscapes' project within the SPACES programme 01LL1304A, MACMIT project 01LN1317A, Italian Ministry of Agricultural Food and Forest Policies (AGROSCENARI Project), Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (FIRB) RBFR12B2K4_004, European Project: 603416,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,IMPRESSIONS(2013), University of Florence (UNIFI), Natural Resources Institute Finland, CEIGRAM-AgSystems, Mendel University in Brno, University of Florida [Gainesville], Polish Academy of Sciences, Lund University, University of Sassari, Andalusian Agricultural Research Institute (IFAPA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aarhus University Hospital, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), China Agricultural University, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Natural resources institute Finland, and Georg-August-University [Göttingen]
Subjects: Spatial correlation, ble tendre, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, modèle multivariable, influence de la température, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, modèle de culture, Statistics, Range (statistics), Climate change, Crop model, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Mathematical model, Agricultura, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, ta4111, Classification, classification des sols, winter wheat, soft wheat, Wheat, rendement agricole, Sensitivity analysis, Meteorology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ta1171, Precipitation, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Water and Food, triticum, Simulation modeling, simulation de croissance, 15. Life on land, Hierarchical clustering, Euclidean distance, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Water Systems and Global Change, soil taxonomy, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ensemble, analyse de sensibilité
Abstract: Crop growth simulation models can differ greatly in their treatment of key processes and hence in their response to environmental conditions. Here, we used an ensemble of 26 process-based wheat models applied at sites across a European transect to compare their sensitivity to changes in temperature (−2 to +9°C) and precipitation (−50 to +50%). Model results were analysed by plotting them as impact response surfaces (IRSs), classifying the IRS patterns of individual model simulations, describing these classes and analysing factors that may explain the major differences in model responses. The model ensemble was used to simulate yields of winter and spring wheat at four sites in Finland, Germany and Spain. Results were plotted as IRSs that show changes in yields relative to the baseline with respect to temperature and precipitation. IRSs of 30-year means and selected extreme years were classified using two approaches describing their pattern. The expert diagnostic approach (EDA) combines two aspects of IRS patterns: location of the maximum yield (nine classes) and strength of the yield response with respect to climate (four classes), resulting in a total of 36 combined classes defined using criteria pre-specified by experts. The statistical diagnostic approach (SDA) groups IRSs by comparing their pattern and magnitude, without attempting to interpret these features. It applies a hierarchical clustering method, grouping response patterns using a distance metric that combines the spatial correlation and Euclidian distance between IRS pairs. The two approaches were used to investigate whether different patterns of yield response could be related to different properties of the crop models, specifically their genealogy, calibration and process description. Although no single model property across a large model ensemble was found to explain the integrated yield response to temperature and precipitation perturbations, the application of the EDA and SDA approaches revealed their capability to distinguish: (i) stronger yield responses to precipitation for winter wheat than spring wheat; (ii) differing strengths of response to climate changes for years with anomalous weather conditions compared to period-average conditions; (iii) the influence of site conditions on yield patterns; (iv) similarities in IRS patterns among models with related genealogy; (v) similarities in IRS patterns for models with simpler process descriptions of root growth and water uptake compared to those with more complex descriptions; and (vi) a closer correspondence of IRS patterns in models using partitioning schemes to represent yield formation than in those using a harvest index. Such results can inform future crop modelling studies that seek to exploit the diversity of multi-model ensembles, by distinguishing ensemble members that span a wide range of responses as well as those that display implausible behaviour or strong mutual similarities.
Published: 2018
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32. Tree differences in primary and secondary growth drive convergent scaling in leaf area to sapwood area across Europe

Author: Mikko Peltoniemi, Angela Luisa Prendin, Josef Urban, Silvia Lechthaler, Jožica Gričar, Giai Petit, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, Maria C. Caldeira, Hervé Cochard, Natasa Kiorapostolou, Martin Šenfeldr, Alan Crivellaro, Leila Grönholm, Frank J. Sterck, Tuula Jyske, Georg von Arx, Janne Van Camp, Kathy Steppe, Martina Lavrič, Anna Lintunen, Silvia Roig Juan, Roman Gebauer, Paul Copini, Tommaso Anfodillo, Sylvain Delzon, Richard L. Peters, Teemu Hölttä, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Universita di Padova, Snow and Landscape Research, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, leaf area, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Plant Science, xylem, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Leaf area, allocation, Climate change, Functional balance, Sapwood, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Transpiration, Biomass (ecology), Geography, Plant architecture, functional balance, structural balance, PE&RC, Wood, Europe, Horticulture, climate change, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, sapwood, plant architecture, Allocation, Structural balance, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Xylem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, Models, Statistical, Water transport, Vegetation, Scots pine, Picea abies, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, Betula pendula, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Allometry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Trees scale leaf (A(L)) and xylem (A(X)) areas to couple leaf transpiration and carbon gain with xylem water transport. Some species are known to acclimate in A(L) : A(X) balance in response to climate conditions, but whether trees of different species acclimate in A(L) : A(X) in similar ways over their entire (continental) distributions is unknown. We analyzed the species and climate effects on the scaling of A(L) vs A(X) in branches of conifers (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies) and broadleaved (Betula pendula, Populus tremula) sampled across a continental wide transect in Europe. Along the branch axis, A(L) and A(X) change in equal proportion (isometric scaling: b similar to 1) as for trees. Branches of similar length converged in the scaling of A(L) vs A(X) with an exponent of b = 0.58 across European climates irrespective of species. Branches of slow- growing trees from Northern and Southern regions preferentially allocated into new leaf rather than xylem area, with older xylem rings contributing to maintaining total xylem conductivity. In conclusion, trees in contrasting climates adjust their functional balance between water transport and leaf transpiration by maintaining biomass allocation to leaves, and adjusting their growth rate and xylem production to maintain xylem conductance.
Published: 2018
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33. Knowledge gaps about mixed forests : What do European forest managers want to know and what answers can science provide?

Author: Maciej Pach, Zoran Govedar, Dejan Stojanović, Sanja Perić, Anna Barbati, Magnus Löf, Lluís Coll, Lauri Valsta, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Ervin Rasztovits, Marek Metslaid, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Kris Verheyen, Peter Spathelf, Catherine Collet, Mário Pereira, Barbara Ferrari, Hubert Sterba, Susana Barreiro, Jiri Kulhavy, Dagnija Lazdina, Ian Short, Bill Mason, Frits Mohren, Aitor Ameztegui, Quentin Ponette, Ioan Vasile Abrudan, Kamil Bielak, University of Lleida (UL), Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Ghent University, University of Transilvania, Tuscia University, University of Lisbon, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Universitad de Valladolid, Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), University of Banja Luka, Mendel University in Brno, Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Estonian University of Life Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Croatian Forest Research Institute, University of Western Hungary, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNE), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Novi Sad, Forest Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department of Forest Sciences, Lauri Valsta / Principal Investigator, Forest Bioeconomy, Business and Sustainability, Forest Economics, Business and Society, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Sociology of scientific knowledge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Review, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY, Marketing, media_common, 4112 Forestry, forêt mélangée, Environmental resource management, mixed forests, NORWAY SPRUCE, Forestry, Research challenges| Ecosystem services, PE&RC, BIODIVERSITY EXPERIMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, enquête auprès des professionnels, ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY, Resistance (psychoanalysis), TREE SPECIES-DIVERSITY, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, Adaptability, Goods and services, Participatory process, TEMPORAL DYNAMICS, BOREAL FORESTS, forester, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Set (psychology), SCOTS PINE, Forest management and functioning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, business.industry, Citizen journalism, Research challenges, Forest stability, 15. Life on land, Species mixtures, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, forestier, Business, Species mixturesReviewForest management and functioningParticipatory processResearch challengesEcosystem servicesForest stability, gestionnaire de ressources
Abstract: Research into mixed-forests has increased substantially in the last decades but the extent to which the new knowledge generated meets practitioners' concerns and is adequately transmitted to them is unknown. Here we provide the current state of knowledge and future research directions with regards to 10 questions about mixed-forest functioning and management identified and selected by a range of European forest managers during an extensive participatory process. The set of 10 questions were the highest ranked questions from an online prioritization exercise involving 168 managers from 22 different European countries. In general, the topics of major concern for forest managers coincided with the ones that are at the heart of most research projects. They covered important issues related to the management of mixed forests and the role of mixtures for the stability of forests faced with environmental changes and the provision of ecosystem services to society. Our analysis showed that the current scientific knowledge about these questions was rather variable and particularly low for those related to the management of mixed forests over time and the associated costs. We also found that whereas most research projects have sought to evaluate whether mixed forests are more stable or provide more goods and services than monocultures, there is still little information on the underlying mechanisms and trade-offs behind these effects. Similarly, we identified a lack of knowledge on the spatio-temporal scales at which the effects of mixtures on the resistance and adaptability to environmental changes are operating. Our analysis may help researchers to identify what knowledge needs to be better transferred and to better design future research initiatives meeting practitioner's concerns. This article is based upon work from COST Action FP1206, EuMIXFOR, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The authors want to specially thank the large number of forest managers that were involved in the participatory process and kindly responded to the surveys. The first author also thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding the project AGL2015-70425-R which partly supported his contribution to this study. MM acknowledges support by grant IUT21-4 of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research and DS support by project III 43007 (2011–2017) from Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia.
Published: 2018
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34. Chapter 3: Ancient coppice woodlands in the Czech Republic

Author: Slach, Tomáš, Buček, Antonín, Černušáková, Linda, Friedl, Michal, Machala, Martin, Volařík, Daniel, Maděra, Petr, LabexMed, Laboratoire d'excellence, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Chantal Aspe, Sylvain Burri, Sandrine Paradis-Grenouillet, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

35. Quantifying in situ phenotypic variability in the hydraulic properties of four tree species across their distribution range in Europe

Author: Giai Petit, Maria C. Caldeira, Sylvain Delzon, Mikko Peltoniemi, G. von Arx, Gaelle Capdeville, Hervé Cochard, Teemu Hölttä, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Josef Urban, José M. Torres-Ruiz, Frank J. Sterck, Leila Grönlund, Roman Gebauer, Anna Lintunen, Paul Copini, N. González-Muñoz, Ana Stritih, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Climatic change and climate impacts, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Department of Forest Sciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Forest Ecology and Management, Universita di Padova, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Geneva [Switzerland], and Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Forests, 01 natural sciences, CENTRAL FINLAND, Trees, Hydraulic conductivity, Forest and Landscape Ecology, PLASTICITY, lcsh:Science, Flowering Plants, 4112 Forestry, Multidisciplinary, Latitude, Geography, Ecology, Plant Anatomy, Eukaryota, CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS, Plants, PE&RC, Droughts, Conifers, Europe, Phenotypes, XYLEM EMBOLISM, Phenotype, Poplars, Plant Physiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GROWTH, Vascular Bundles, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Research Article, Cartography, Xylem, Water, DROUGHT-INDUCED MORTALITY, Biology, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, STAND DENSITY, Genetics, CAVITATION RESISTANCE, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, SCOTS PINE, 1172 Environmental sciences, Vegetatie, VULNERABILITY, Vegetation, Resistance (ecology), lcsh:R, fungi, Scots pine, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Picea abies, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, 030104 developmental biology, Betula pendula, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Pines, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Many studies have reported that hydraulic properties vary considerably between tree species, but little is known about their intraspecific variation and, therefore, their capacity to adapt to a warmer and drier climate. Here, we quantify phenotypic divergence and clinal variation for embolism resistance, hydraulic conductivity and branch growth, in four tree species, two angiosperms (Betula pendula, Populus tremula) and two conifers (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris), across their latitudinal distribution in Europe. Growth and hydraulic efficiency varied widely within species and between populations. The variability of embolism resistance was in general weaker than that of growth and hydraulic efficiency, and very low for all species but Populus tremula. In addition, no and weak support for a safety vs. efficiency trade-off was observed for the angiosperm and conifer species, respectively. The limited variability of embolism resistance observed here for all species except Populus tremula, suggests that forest populations will unlikely be able to adapt hydraulically to drier conditions through the evolution of embolism resistance.
Published: 2018
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36. Open Farm Management Information System Supporting Ecological and Economical Tasks

Author: Zbyněk Křivánek, Helena Řezníková, Karel Charvat Junior, Tomáš Řezník, Vojtěch Lukas, Karel Charvat, Šárka Horáková, Michal Kepka, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Lesprojekt, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Baltic Open Solutions Center (BOSC), University of West Bohemia [Plzeň ], Jiří Hřebíček, Ralf Denzer, Gerald Schimak, Tomáš Pitner, TC 5, and WG 5.11
Subjects: Geospatial analysis, Computer science, Geospatial services, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, FMIS, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Agricultural science, Order (exchange), Information system, Yield potential, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 2. Zero hunger, Precision agriculture, 05 social sciences, Open data, 021107 urban & regional planning, Economic benefits, Machinery monitoring, 13. Climate action, Web service, 050703 geography, computer
Abstract: Part 4: Health and Biosphere; International audience; A Farm Management Information System (FMIS) is a sophisticated tool managing geospatial data and functionalities as it provides answers to two basic questions: what has happened and where. The presented FOODIE (Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe) and DataBio (Data-Driven Bioeconomy) approach may be recognized as an OpenFMIS, where environmental and reference geospatial data for precision agriculture are provided free of charge. On the other hand, added-value services like yield potential, sensor monitoring, and/or machinery fleet monitoring are provided on a paid basis through standardised Web services due to the costs of hardware and non-trivial computations. Results, i.e. reference, environmental and farm-oriented geospatial data, may be obtained from the FOODIE platform. All such results of whatever kind are used in the European DataBio project in order to minimise the environmental burden while maximising the economic benefits.
Published: 2017
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37. Biomechanical performances of trees in the phase of active reorientation

Author: Joseph Gril, Tancrède Alméras, Jana Dlouha, Bruno Clair, Petr Horáček, Mécanique de l'Arbre et du Bois (MAB), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU)
Subjects: Physics, lcsh:S, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], lcsh:Agriculture, lcsh:Biology (General), tree reorientation, Botany, up-righting efficiency, stem flexibility, juvenile wood, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Humanities, viscoelasticity
Abstract: Předložena prace se zabýva akumulaci růstových napěti podel průřezu stromu ve fazi aktivni reorientace. Dynamika procesu reorientace je posuzovana pomoci dvou kriterii: ucinnosti vzpřimovaci reakce a zůstatkove pružnosti kmene. Obecný popis geometrie průřezu a distribuce mechanických vlastnosti umožňuje modelovat excentrický růst, vliv výskytu juvenilniho a reakcniho dřeva a implementovat model viskoelastických vlastnosti dřeva.Ve fazi aktivni reorientace jsou pletiva nachazejici se v blizkosti dřeně vystavena vysokým tlakovým napětim (až ctyřnasobek maximalniho tlakoveho napěti v rovně rostoucim stromu), ktera mohou vest ke vzniku vnitřnich trhlin. Výsledky simulaci ukazaly, že tvorba juvenilniho dřeva v rannem stadiu růstu stromu ma za nasledek zvýseni pružnosti kmene a tedy snižni rizika vzniku vnitřnich trhlin jak u jehlicnanů, tak u listnaců. Pozitivni vliv viskoelasticity na pružnost kmene byl výrazný u listnaců a teměř zanedbatelný u jehlicnanů. Diky relaxaci růstových napěti ve středove casti kmene ma viskoelasticita kladný vliv na ucinnost vzpřimovaci reakce. Serie numerických simulaci reorientacniho procesu s rostouci urovni růstových napěti v reakcnim dřevu ukazala, že pravděpodobně existuje kompromis mezi ucinnosti vzpřimovaci reakce a zůstatkove pružnosti kmene.
Published: 2014
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38. THE EVALUATION OF VIRUS SYMPTOMS AND FRUIT QUALITY OF GMO, PPV-RESISTANT P. DOMESTICA 'HONEYSWEET' GROWN IN THE OPEN FIELD UNDER A HIGH AND PERMANENT INFECTION PRESSURE OF PPV, ACLSV, AND PDV

Author: J. Polák, K. Gogolková, M. Ravelonandro, J. K. Kumar, J. Jarošová, René Kizek, R. Scorza, Boris Krška, Jiri Sochor, Research Institute of Crop Production, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], ACLSV, detection, RT-PCR, PPV, Horticulture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Virus, transgenic resistance, PDV, sharka, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], food and beverages, 'HoneySweet, Prunus domestica, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, symptoms, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ELISA, quality of fruits, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Transgenic, 'HoneySweet' plums inoculated with Plum pox virus, recombinant strain (PPV-Rec) alone, PPV-Rec + Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV), PPV-Rec + Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV were grown in an open field under high and permanent infection pressure both from graft inoculation and natural aphid vectors for 8 years. 'HoneySweet' control trees were non-graft-inoculated trees. Plants were monitored by symptomology, DAS-ELISA, semiquantitative (SQ)-ELISA, and real-time (RT)-PCR. Inoculum shoots showed severe PPV symptoms from the first year after inoculation throughout the study. Mild PPV symptoms appeared in some of the basal leaves of graft-inoculated 'HoneySweet' trees in the second year following inoculation. During the following six years, even these mild and isolated symptoms on 'HoneySweet' trees diminished. The presence of PPV in these basal areas of 'HoneySweet' trees was confirmed by ELISA, ISEM, and RT-PCR. Relative concentration of PPV determined by SQ-ELISA and by RT-PCR was lower than in leaves of inoculum shoots. No difference in PPV symptoms was observed between PPV-Rec, and combinations PPV-Rec with other viruses. While no symptoms of ACLSV appeared during the study, ACLSV was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. No symptoms of PDV appeared and PDV was not detected. 'HoneySweet' trees exposed to natural aphid-vectored PPV were not infected. Fruits of 'HoneySweet' were qualitatively and quantitatively compared with fruits of 'Stanley' and 'Domaci svestka' in 2010 from noninfected trees of 'HoneySweet' and fruits from 'HoneySweet' trees graft-inoculated with PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV were both of high quality and comparable to, or for certain characteristics, of higher quality than fruit of the commercial cultivars which were evaluated.
Published: 2013
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39. Multi-model uncertainty analysis in predicting grain N for crop rotations in Europe

Author: Yin, Xiaogang, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Kollas, Chris, Baby, Sanmohan, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Manevski, Kiril, Palosuo, Taru, Nendel, Claas, Wu, Lianhai, Hoffmann, Munir, Hoffmann, Holger, Sharif, Behzad, Armas-Herrera, Cecilia M., Bindi, Marco, Charfeddine, Monia, Conradt, Tobias, Constantin, Julie, Ewert, Frank, Ferrise, Roberto, Gaiser, Thomas, de Cortazar-Atauri, Iñaki Garcia, Giglio, Luisa, Hlavinka, Petr, Lana, Marcos, Launay, Marie, Louarn, Gaëtan, Manderscheid, Remy, Mary, Bruno, Mirschel, Wilfried, Moriondo, Marco, Öztürk, Isik, Pacholski, Andreas, Ripoche-Wachter, Dominique, Rötter, Reimund P., Ruget, Françoise, Trnka, Mirek, Ventrella, Domenico, Weigel, Hans Joachim, Olesen, Jørgen E., Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rothamsted Research, Crop Production Systems in the Tropics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence (UNIFI), Unità di ricerca per i sistemi colturali degli ambienti caldo-aridi, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Mendel University in Brno, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), EurochemAgro, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FACCE MACSUR 2812ERA147/CARBIOCIAL 01LL0902M/ KULUNDA 01LL0905L /NORFASYS 268277 292944/MACSUR D.M. 24064/7303/15/ QJ1310123, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Natural resources institute Finland, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), and Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Irrigation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Model calibration, Soil Science, Single Year simulation, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Model ensemble, Crop, continuous simulation, model ensemble, Grain N, Uncertainty analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, model calibration, grain n, Crop yield, Simulation modeling, Continuous simulation, Model inter-comparison, Single year simulation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Crop rotation, model inter-comparison, single year simulation, Tillage, Mean absolute percentage error, Agronomy, Continous simulation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, Model intercomparison
Abstract: Realistic estimation of grain nitrogen (N; N in grain yield) is crucial for assessing N management in crop rotations, but there is little information on the performance of commonly used crop models for simulating grain N. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to (1) test if continuous simulation (multi-year) performs better than single year simulation, (2) assess if calibration improves model performance at different calibration levels, and (3) investigate if a multi-model ensemble can substantially reduce uncertainty in reproducing grain N. For this purpose, 12 models were applied simulating different treatments (catch crops, CO2 concentrations, irrigation, N application, residues and tillage) in four multi-year rotation experiments in Europe to assess modelling accuracy. Seven grain and seed crops in four rotation systems in Europe were included in the study, namely winter wheat, winter barley, spring barley, spring oat, winter rye, pea and winter oilseed rape. Our results indicate that the higher level of calibration significantly increased the quality of the simulation for grain N. In addition, models performed better in predicting grain N of winter wheat, winter barley and spring barley compared to spring oat, winter rye, pea and winter oilseed rape. For each crop, the use of the ensemble mean significantly reduced the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between simulations and observations to less than 15%, thus a multi–model ensemble can more precisely predict grain N than a random single model. Models correctly simulated the effects of enhanced N input on grain N of winter wheat and winter barley, whereas effects of tillage and irrigation were less well estimated. However, the use of continuous simulation did not improve the simulations as compared to single year simulation based on the multi-year performance, which suggests needs for further model improvements of crop rotation effects.
Published: 2017
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40. Curve fitting in Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy used for the analysis of bacterial cells

Author: Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, Pavel Krepelka, Roman Pytel, Jean-Michel Roger, Petr Drexler, Iveta Hynstova, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BRNO CZE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), DAIRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE PRAGUE CZE, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA ESP, Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Infrared, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, Fourier transform spectroscopy, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, CHEMISTRY, SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION, MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS, ARCHITECTURE, PEPTIDOGLYCAN STRUCTURE, IDENTIFICATION, 010401 analytical chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, Spectral line shape, 030104 developmental biology, Fourier transform, CURVE FITTING, LEAST-SQUARES, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, symbols, MATRIX
Abstract: Infrared spectroscopy is a prominent molecular technique for bacterial analysis. Within its context, near infrared spectroscopy in particular brings benefits over other vibrational approaches; these advantages include, for example, lower sensitivity to water, high penetration depth and low cost. However, near infrared spectroscopy is not popular within microbiology, because the spectra of organic samples are difficult to interpret. We propose a comparison of spectral curve-fitting methods, namely, techniques that facilitate the interpretation of most peaks, simplify the spectra and improve the prediction of bacterial species from the relevant near infrared spectra. The performances of three common curve-fitting algorithms and the technique based on the differential evolution were compared via a synthesized experimental spectrum. Utilizing the obtained results, the spectra of three different bacterial species were curve fit by optimized algorithm. The proposed algorithm decomposed the spectra to specific absorption peaks, whose parameters were estimated via the differential evolution approach initialized through Levenberg-Marquardt optimization; subsequently, the spectra were classified with conventional procedures and using the parameters of the revealed peaks. On a limited data set, the correct classification rate computed by partial least squares discriminant analysis was 95%. When we employed the peak parameters for the classification, the rate corresponded to 91.7%. According to the Gaussian formula, the parameters comprise the spectral peak position, amplitude and width. The most important peaks for bacterial discrimination were identified by analysis of variance and interpreted as N–H stretching bonds in proteins, cis bonds and CH2 absorption in fatty acids. We examined some aspects of the behaviour of standard curve-fitting algorithms and proposed differential evolution to optimize the fitting process. Based on the correct use of these algorithms, the near infrared spectra of bacteria can be interpreted and the full potential of near infrared spectroscopy in microbiology exploited.
Published: 2017
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41. New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part IV

Author: Alireza Zamani, Omid Mirshamsi, Petr Dolejs, Yuri M. Marusik, Sergei L. Esyunin, Vladimir Hula, Philippe Ponel, University of Tehran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), National Museum of Natural History, Prague, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and PONEL, Philippe
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Middle East, new synonymy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 010607 zoology, Iranian Plateau, new records, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; In this paper one family (Hahniidae), six genera (Cyrtophora, Hahnia, Lachesana, Megamyrmaekion, Nita and Zodarion) and 30 species are recorded for the fauna of Iran for the first time, of which, 17 species are provided with digital taxonomic illustrations. Previous Iranian records of Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch, 1836) and Evippa caucasica Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003 are attributed to Eu. sexalbomaculata (Lucas, 1846) and Ev. onager Simon, 1895, respectively, and the hitherto questionable presence of Enoplognatha iraqi Najim, Al-Hadlak & Seyyar, 2015 in this country is confirmed. In addition, new provincial records are provided for 46 species. As a result of this paper, the number spider species known from Iran is raised to 647. On the basis of the comparison between our specimen and the available illustrations in the literature, the previous records of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) from Israel and Lebanon are attributed to G. bithynica Kulczyński, 1903, which is a new record for both territories. Lastly, Ev. sector Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2017, recently described from UAE, is newly synonymized with Ev. fortis Roewer, 1955, and the holotype male of the latter is illustrated (which is also a new species record for UAE).
Published: 2017
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42. Performance of process-based models for simulation of grain N in crop rotations across Europe

Author: Gaëtan Louarn, Kiril Manevski, Isik Öztürk, Dominique Ripoche-Wachter, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Xiaogang Yin, Remy Manderscheid, Nicolas Beaudoin, Mirek Trnka, Behzad Sharif, Sanmohan Baby, Lianhai Wu, Chris Kollas, Tobias Conradt, Thomas Gaiser, Holger Hoffmann, Jørgen E. Olesen, Bruno Mary, Taru Palosuo, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Marie Launay, P. Hlavinka, Luisa Giglio, Claas Nendel, Wilfried Mirschel, Monia Charfeddine, Françoise Ruget, Domenico Ventrella, Reimund P. Rötter, Julie Constantin, Andreas Pacholski, Frank Ewert, Munir P. Hoffmann, Hans Joachim Weigel, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Rothamsted Research, Tropical Plant Prodution and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Unità di ricerca per i sistemi colturali degli ambienti caldo-aridi (CREA-SCA), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Graduate School/Inkubator, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MACSUR project (2812ERA147) CARBIOCIAL research project (01LL0902 ) MACSUR project (031A103B), NORFASYS (decision nos. 268277 and 292944) MACSUR project (2851ERA01), Program I (NPU I LO1415) National Agency for Agricultural Research project no. QJ1310123., Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), and Mendel University in Brno
Subjects: Secale, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Irrigation, model evaluation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Grain N content, klim, 01 natural sciences, Sustainability Science, Crop, Sativum, crop rotation, model initialization, Cover crop, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Crop mode, biology, crop model, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Crop rotation, biology.organism_classification, calibration, Agronomy, Ecosystems Research, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Continuous simulation, Animal Science and Zoology, Hordeum vulgare, Agronomy and Crop Science, grain N content
Abstract: The accurate estimation of crop grain nitrogen (N; N in grain yield) is crucial for optimizing agricultural N management, especially in crop rotations. In the present study, 12 process-based models were applied to simulate the grain N of i) seven crops in rotations, ii) across various pedo-climatic and agro-management conditions in Europe, iii) under both continuous simulation and single year simulation, and for iv) two calibration levels, namely minimal and detailed calibration. Generally, the results showed that the accuracy of the simulations in predicting grain N increased under detailed calibration. The models performed better in predicting the grain N of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) compared to spring oat (Avena sativa L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). These differences are linked to the intensity of parameterization with better parameterized crops showing lower prediction errors. The model performance was influenced by N fertilization and irrigation treatments, and a majority of the predictions were more accurate under low N and rainfed treatments. Moreover, the multi-model mean provided better predictions of grain N compared to any individual model. In regard to the Individual models, DAISY, FASSET, HERMES, MONICA and STICS are suitable for predicting grain N of the main crops in typical European crop rotations, which all performed well in both continuous simulation and single year simulation. Our results show that both the model initialization and the cover crop effects in crop rotations should be considered in order to achieve good performance of continuous simulation. Furthermore, the choice of either continuous simulation or single year simulation should be guided by the simulation objectives (e.g. grain yield, grain N content or N dynamics), the crop sequence (inclusion of legumes) and treatments (rate and type of N fertilizer) included in crop rotations and the model formalism.
Published: 2017
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43. Adaptation response surfaces for managing wheat under perturbed climate and CO2 in a Mediterranean environment

Author: Mikhail A. Semenov, Benjamin Dumont, T. Palosuo, Stefan Fronzek, Davide Cammarano, Reimund P. Rötter, Pierre Stratonovitch, Jukka Höhn, Miroslav Trnka, Frank Ewert, Ignacio J. Lorite, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Zacharias Steinmetz, Alfredo Rodríguez, Julien Minet, A.J.W. de Wit, Timothy R. Carter, Fulu Tao, Holger Hoffmann, Petr Hlavinka, Thomas Gaiser, Iwan Supit, C. Nendel, Marco Bindi, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Françoise Ruget, John R. Porter, Samuel Buis, Altaaf Mechiche-Alami, Roberto Ferrise, Yu Chen, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Marcos Lana, Piotr Baranowski, Nina Pirttioja, María Luisa Cuenca Montesino, František Jurečka, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), University of Florence (UNIFI), Junta de Andalucia, Andalusian Agricultural Research Institute (IFAPA), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Institute of Agrophysics, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Dpt. AgroBioChem & Terra, Bayer SA NV, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Rothamsted Research, RIFCON GmbH, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), TROPAGS, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, INIA, MACSUR01-UPM,D.M. 24064/7303/15,(MINECO, CGL2012-38923-C02-02,decisions: 277276 and 277403,project IGA AF MENDELU no. 7/2015,LO1415 NAZV QJ1310123, BIOSTRATEG1/271322/3/NCBR/2015 and GyroScan, contract number BIOSTRATEG2/298782/11/NCBR/2016, European Project: 603416, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Natural resources institute Finland, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Lund University [Lund], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Irrigation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ta1171, Water en Voedsel, Climate change, Agricultural engineering, 01 natural sciences, Crop model ensemble, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mediterranean cropping system, 2. Zero hunger, WIMEK, Water and Food, Phenology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vernalization, ta4111, 15. Life on land, Soil type, Climate Resilience, Agronomy, Klimaatbestendigheid, 13. Climate action, Wheat adaptation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Rainfed, Adaptation, Sensitivity analysis, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, AOCK concept
Abstract: This work was financially supported by the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA, MACSUR01-UPM), the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (D.M. 24064/7303/15) through FACCE MACSUR − Modelling European Agriculture with Climate Change for Food Security, a FACCE JPI knowledge hub; MULCLIVAR, from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, CGL2012-38923-C02-02); the Academy of Finland (decisions: 277276 and 277403), the EU FP7 IMPRESSIONS project (grant agreement no. 603416), the NORFASYS project (decision nos. 268277 and 292944) and PLUMES project (decision nos. 277403 and 292836); project IGA AF MENDELU no. 7/2015 with the support of the Specific University Research Grant provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth Sports of the Czech Republic; the Ministry of Education, Youth Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I), grant number LO1415 NAZV QJ1310123 the Polish National Centre for Research and Development in frame of the projects: LCAgri, contract number BIOSTRATEG1/271322/3/NCBR/2015 and GyroScan, contract number BIOSTRATEG2/298782/11/NCBR/2016.; Adaptation of crops to climate change has to be addressed locally due to the variability of soil, climate and the specific socio-economic settings influencing farm management decisions. Adaptation of rainfed cropping systems in the Mediterranean is especially challenging due to the projected decline in precipitation in the coming decades, which will increase the risk of droughts. Methods that can help explore uncertainties in climate projections and crop modelling, such as impact response surfaces (IRSs) and ensemble modelling, can then be valuable for identifying effective adaptations. Here, an ensemble of 17 crop models was used to simulate a total of 54 adaptation options for rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) at Lleida (NE Spain). To support the ensemble building, an ex post quality check of model simulations based on several criteria was performed. Those criteria were based on the “According to Our Current Knowledge” (AOCK) concept, which has been formalized here. Adaptations were based on changes in cultivars and management regarding phenology, vernalization, sowing date and irrigation. The effects of adaptation options under changed precipitation (P), temperature (T), [CO2] and soil type were analysed by constructing response surfaces, which we termed, in accordance with their specific purpose, adaptation response surfaces (ARSs). These were created to assess the effect of adaptations through a range of plausible P, T and [CO2] perturbations. The results indicated that impacts of altered climate were predominantly negative. No single adaptation was capable of overcoming the detrimental effect of the complex interactions imposed by the P, T and [CO2] perturbations except for supplementary irrigation (sI), which reduced the potential impacts under most of the perturbations. Yet, a combination of adaptations for dealing with climate change demonstrated that effective adaptation is possible at Lleida. Combinations based on a cultivar without vernalization requirements showed good and wide adaptation potential. Few combined adaptation options performed well under rainfed conditions. However, a single sI was sufficient to develop a high adaptation potential, including options mainly based on spring wheat, current cycle duration and early sowing date. Depending on local environment (e.g. soil type), many of these adaptations can maintain current yield levels under moderate changes in T and P, and some also under strong changes. We conclude that ARSs can offer a useful tool for supporting planning of field level adaptation under conditions of high uncertainty.
Published: 2017
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44. Weak properties and robustness of t-Hill estimators

Author: Zdeněk Fabián, Stéphane Girard, Luboš Střelec, Milan Stehlík, Sebastián Torres, Pavlina K. Jordanova, Andrés Rivera, Philipp Hermann, Shumen University [Schumen], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Department of Computer Science (Universidad de Chile), Modelling and Inference of Complex and Structured Stochastic Systems (MISTIS ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Universidad de Valparaiso [Chile]
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Asymptotic properties of estimators, Point estimation, Estimator, Asymptotic distribution, Trimmed estimator, Asymptotic theory (statistics), 01 natural sciences, t-Hill estimator, t-lgHill estimator, 010104 statistics & probability, Efficient estimator, Bias of an estimator, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics, Consistent estimator, 0101 mathematics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Invariant estimator, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; We describe a novel method of heavy tails estimation based on transformed score (t-score). Based on a new score moment method we derive the t-Hill estimator, which estimates the extreme value index of a distribution function with regularly varying tail. t-Hill estimator is distribution sensitive, thus it differs in e.g. Pareto and log-gamma case. Here, we study both forms of the estimator, i.e. t-Hill and t-lgHill. For both estimators we prove weak consistency in moving average settings as well as the asymptotic normality of t-lgHill estimator in iid setting. In cases of contamination with heavier tails than the tail of original sample, t-Hill outperforms several robust 2 P. Jordanova et al. tail estimators, especially in small samples. A simulation study emphasizes the fact that the level of contamination is playing a crucial role. The larger the contamination, the better are the t-score moment estimates. The reason for this is the bounded t-score of heavy-tailed distributions (and, consequently, bounded influence functions of the estimators). We illustrate the developed methodology on a small sample data set of stake measurements from Guanaco glacier in Chile.
Published: 2016
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45. An ensemble of projections of wheat adaptation to climate change in europe analyzed with impact response surfaces

Author: Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita, Ferrise, Roberto, Rodriguez, A., Lorite, Ignacio J., Tao, F., Pirttioja, N., Fronzek, S., Palosuo, T., Carter, Timothy R., Bindi, M., Höhn, Jukka G., Kersebaum, K. C., Trnka, M., Hoffmann, H., Baranowski, P., Buis, Samuel, Cammarano, D., Deligios, P., Havlinka, P., Minet, J., Montesino, M., Porter, J., Recio, J., Ruget, Francoise, Sanz, A, Steinmetz, Z., Stratonovitch, P., Supit, I., Ventrella, D., De Wit, A., Rotter, R. P., ETSI Agrónomos, Producción Vegetal: Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), University of Florence (UNIFI), Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Environmental Impacts Group, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Agricultural University of Lublin, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, University of Sassari, Université de Liège, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), RIFCON GmbH, Rothamsted Research, Wageningen University, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA‐SCA), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), MACSUR–, FACCE JPI, and by MULCLIVAR, from MINECO (CGL2012‐38923‐C02‐02), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Natural resources institute Finland, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), and Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita
Subjects: changement climatique, ble tendre, sensitivity analysis, soft wheat, adaptation au changement, wheat, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate, surface de réponse, Milieux et Changements globaux, europe, global change
Abstract: IRS2 TEAM:Alfredo Rodríguez(1), Ignacio J. Lorite(3), Fulu Tao(4), Nina Pirttioja(5), Stefan Fronzek(5), Taru Palosuo(4), Timothy R. Carter(5), Marco Bindi(2), Jukka G Höhn(4), Kurt Christian Kersebaum(6), Miroslav Trnka(7,8),Holger Hoffmann(9), Piotr Baranowski(10), Samuel Buis(11), Davide Cammarano(12), Yi Chen(13,4), Paola Deligios(14), Petr Hlavinka(7,8), Frantisek Jurecka(7,8), Jaromir Krzyszczak(10), Marcos Lana(6), Julien Minet(15), Manuel Montesino(16), Claas Nendel(6), John Porter(16), Jaime Recio(1), Françoise Ruget(11), Alberto Sanz(1), Zacharias Steinmetz(17,18), Pierre Stratonovitch(19), Iwan Supit(20), Domenico Ventrella(21), Allard de Wit(20) and Reimund P. Rötter(4).; An ensemble of projections of wheat adaptation to climate change in europe analyzed with impact response surfaces . International Crop Modelling Symposium
Published: 2016

46. Effect of different levels of calibration in rotation schemes simulated in five European sites in a multi-model approach

Author: Lana, M., Kersebaum, K. C., Kollas, C., Xiaogang Yin, Nendel, C., Kiril Manevski, Müller, C., Palosuo, T., Armas-Herrera, Ceclia M., Nicolas Beaudoin, Bindi, M., Monia Charfeddine, Tobias Conradt, Julie Constantin, Eitzinger, J., Ewert, F., Ferrise, R., Thomas Gaiser, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Luisa Giglio, Hlavinka, P., Hoffmann, H., Hoffmann, Munir P., Marie Launay, Remy Manderscheid, Bruno Mary, Mirschel, W., Moriondo, M., Olesen, Jørgen E., Isik Öztürk, Pacholski, A., Dominique Ripoche-Wachter, Pier Paolo Roggero, Svenja Roncossek, Rötter, R. P., Ruget, F., Behzad Sharif, Mirek Trnka, Domenico Ventrella, Waha, K., Martin Wegehenkel, Hans-Joachim Weigel, Wu, L., Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Molecular Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Florence (UNIFI), Unità di ricerca per i sistemi colturali degli ambienti caldo-aridi, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institute of Meteorology, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione e Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, TROPAGS, Department of Crop Sciences, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Rothamsted Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Natural resources institute Finland, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), and Georg-August-University [Göttingen]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Effect of different levels of calibration in rotation schemes simulated in five European sites in a multi-model approach. iCROPM 2016 International Crop Modelling Symposium "Crop Modelling for Agriculture and Food Security under Global Change"
Published: 2016

47. Simple snow cover model for agrometeorological applications

Author: J. Balek, Vladimíra Horáková, Zdeněk Žalud, Miroslav Trnka, Petr Hlavinka, Martin Možný, Herbert Formayer, Josef Eitzinger, Andreas Schaumberger, E. Kocmánková, Françoise Ruget, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Federal Research and Education Center for Agriculture, Partenaires INRAE, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture [Brno] (UKZUZ), and Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI)
Subjects: WINTER WHEAT, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, CROP MODELING, 0207 environmental engineering, Biometeorology, FROST RISK, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, medicine, AGROMETEOROLOGIE, Precipitation, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PREVENTION GEL, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Simulation modeling, Elevation, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Snow, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Frost, Environmental science, Crop simulation model, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; This study was aimed to develop, test and provide access to a snow cover model for agrometeorological use (snowMAUS) that would rely strictly on the weather data used by all crop simulation models, i.e., diurnal temperature extremes and total daily precipitation. Such snow model can easily be used to preprocess input data in order to account for the presence or absence of snow cover whenever required by the crop modeler, without necessitating the acquisition of additional data. The snow cover model was tested across 65 sites across Austria with considerable variability in elevation (155–3111 m a.s.l.). In addition 7 sites in the Czech Republic were used to evaluate snowMAUS reliability in assessing frost damage to winter wheat crop. For illustration a case study documenting the benefit of coupling snowMAUS with process based crop model (STICS) was also included in the study. The presented work complements previous snow cover modeling studies with its focus on the development of a simple snow cover model for areas under intensive agricultural use (mostly lowlands) with 65% of stations providing weather data being located at altitudes below 800 m. The presented results proved that SnowMAUS can estimate with reasonable precision snow cover presence/absence, and to a large extent snow cover depth. The model also accurately represented seasonal variations in the number of snow days or in the volume of precipitation in the form of snow. The simplicity of the model and the fact that it relies only on the daily data is a great advantage. We have demonstrated that in areas with a high probability of winter temperatures dropping below frost-tolerance thresholds and that tend to have considerable snow cover (e.g., Central Europe), the information about snow cover presence/absence is essential for estimating potential frost damage to winter crops. The snow cover model tested in this study could be easily implemented in most crop growth models and would enhance their performance in the Central European region. The up-to-date version of the model is freely available to users in the scientific community, which should allow for model testing in different climate conditions and application with various types of agrometeorological models
Published: 2010
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48. Chronology of hydraulic vulnerability in trunk wood of conifer trees with and without symptoms of top dieback

Author: Isabella Børja, Svein Øivind Solberg, Sabine Rosner, Saskia Luss, Jan Světlík, Robert Evans, Ole Einar Tveito, Lise Dalsgaard, Kjell Andreassen, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), and JPH, Editor
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Karst, 01 natural sciences, Trunk, Water deficit, Geography, Evapotranspiration, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; There is evidence that recently occurring top dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees in southern Norway is associated with drought stress. We compared functional wood traits of 20 healthy looking trees and 20 trees with visual signs of top dieback. SilviScan technology was applied to measure cell dimensions (lumen and cell wall thickness) in a selected set of trunk wood specimens where vulnerability to cavitation (P 50) data were available. The conduit wall reinforcement ((t/b)²) was a good proxy for P 50. Cell dimensions were measured on wood cores of all 40 trees; theoretical vulnerability of single annual rings could be thus estimated. Declining trees tended to have lower (t/b)² before and during a period of water deficit (difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) that lasted from 2004 to 2006. The results are discussed with respect to genetic predisposition. Introduction In southern Norway, recently occurring top dieback in 40-50 years old forest stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is thought to be associated with climatic extremes (Hentschel et al. 2014). In this region, the period between 2004 and 2006 was characterized by high water deficits during the growing season, estimated as the difference between the cumulative precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration (see Fig 1 in Hentschel et al. 2014). During this period, trees with symptoms of top dieback (Fig. 1) showed lower intrinsic water-use efficiency that is associated with increased stomatal conductance (Hentschel et al. 2014) and produced wood with lower density, indicating higher vulnerability to cavitation (Rosner et al. 2014). Functional traits for estimating hydraulic vulnerability gain increasing importance as screening tools because hydraulic experiments are labour intensive or prone to errors (Cochard et al. 2013). In this study, we extend an existing dataset (Rosner et al. 2014) with tree samples and derive functional traits for hydraulic vulnerability from tracheid dimensions assessed by SilviScan technology (Evans 1994). Thereafter we document how these proxies changed over the years in 20 healthy looking and in 20 declining trees in order to learn more about the predisposing factors for top dieback in Norway spruce in southern Norway.
Published: 2016

49. Osmolality and non-structural carbohydrate composition in the secondary phloem of trees across a latitudinal gradient in Europe

Author: Anna eLintunen, Teemu ePaljakka, Tuula eJyske, Mikko ePeltoniemi, Frank eSterck, Georg eVon Arx, Hervé eCochard, Paul eCopini, Maria C Caldeira, Sylvain eDelzon, Roman eGebauer, Leila eGrönlund, Natasa eKiorapostolou, Silvia eLechthaler, Raquel eLobo-do-Vale, Richard L Peters, Giai ePetit, Angela Luisa Prendin, Yann eSalmon, Kathy eSteppe, Josef eUrban, Silvia eRoig Juan, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, Teemu eHölttä, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Universita di Padova, Department of Physics, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, and Forest Ecology and Management
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Sucrose, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Plant Science, Osmotic concentration, europe du sud, 01 natural sciences, STEM DIAMETER VARIATIONS, betula pendula, chemistry.chemical_compound, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, hexose, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Raffinose, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, 4112 Forestry, arbre, starch, food and beverages, Pinus sylvestris, sucrose, Starch, analyse comparative, PE&RC, PICEA-ABIES, Phloem water content, NORWAY, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Osmoregulation, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, SINK LIMITATION, potentiel osmotique, osmotic concentration, phloem water content, pinitol, raffinose, TURGOR LOSS POINT, picea abies, Drought tolerance, WATER RELATIONS, Biology, lcsh:Plant culture, JUGLANS-REGIA L, SPRUCE, 03 medical and health sciences, WALNUT TREES, Hexose, Botany, réponse au stress, phloème, lcsh:SB1-1110, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, pin sylvestre, Sugar, Vegetatie, europe du nord, Vegetation, Pinitol, fungi, FROST HARDINESS, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, populus tremula, osmolalité, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Phloem, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: COST Action FP1106 STReESS ; EU Life Programme (LIFE12 ENV/FI/000409 ; Ajut Marie Curie IF fellowship (No 659191) Phloem osmolality and its components are involved in basic cell metabolism, cell growth, and in various physiological processes including the ability of living cells to withstand drought and frost. Osmolality and sugar composition responses to environmental stresses have been extensively studied for leaves, but less for the secondary phloem of plant stems and branches. Leaf osmotic concentration and the share of pinitol and raffinose among soluble sugars increase with increasing drought or cold stress, and osmotic concentration is adjusted with osmoregulation. We hypothesize that similar responses occur in the secondary phloem of branches. We collected living bark samples from branches of adult Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula and Populus tremula trees across Europe, from boreal Northern Finland to Mediterranean Portugal. In all studied species, the observed variation in phloem osmolality was mainly driven by variation in phloem water content, while tissue solute content was rather constant across regions. Osmoregulation, in which osmolality is controlled by variable tissue solute content, was stronger for Betula and Populus in comparison to the evergreen conifers. Osmolality was lowest in mid-latitude region, and from there increased by 37% toward northern Europe and 38% toward southern Europe due to low phloem water content in these regions. The ratio of raffinose to all soluble sugars was negligible at mid-latitudes and increased toward north and south, reflecting its role in cold and drought tolerance. For pinitol, another sugar known for contributing to stress tolerance, no such latitudinal pattern was observed. The proportion of sucrose was remarkably low and that of hexoses (i.e., glucose and fructose) high at mid-latitudes. The ratio of starch to all non-structural carbohydrates increased toward the northern latitudes in agreement with the build-up of osmotically inactive C reservoir that can be converted into soluble sugars during winter acclimation in these cold regions. Present results for the secondary phloem of trees suggest that adjustment with tissue water content plays an important role in osmolality dynamics. Furthermore, trees acclimated to dry and cold climate showed high phloem osmolality and raffinose proportion.
Published: 2016
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50. Comparing the performance of 11 crop simulation models in predicting yield response to nitrogen fertilization

Author: Salo, T. J., Palosuo, T., Kersebaum, K. C., Nendel, C., Angulo, C., Ewert, F., Bindi, M., Calanca, P., Klein, T., Moriondo, M., Ferrise, R., Olesen, J. E., Patil, R. H., Ruget, F., Taká?, J., Hlavinka, P., Trnka, M., Rötter, R. P., Natural Resources Institute Finland, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (IRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence (UNIFI), Agroscope, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Global Change Research Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, The authors wish to acknowledge the financial assistance provided under the umbrella of COST action 734 'Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on European Agriculture (CLIVAGRI)' and the work of individual researchers was funded by various bodies: T. Palosuo, T. Salo and R. Rotter, the strategic project MODAGS funded by MTT Agrifood Research Finland, and projects FACCE MACSUR and NORFASYS (decision nos. 268277 and 292944) funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Academy of Finland, respectively, K. C. Kersebaum performed parts of the current study under the umbrella of FACCE MACSUR funded by the German Federal Office for Agriculture and Food and COST ES1106, C. Nendel was supported by ZALF in-house funds, J.E. Olesen and R.H. Patil, CRES funded by Danish Strategic Research Council, P. Hlavinka was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415, M. Trnka, Crop modelling as a tool for increasing the production potential and food security of the Czech Republic funded by National Agency for Agricultural Research (QJ1310123) and project LD 13030 - Water resources in the Czech Agriculture under the Climate Change conditions - CZECH-AGRIWAT, Natural resources institute Finland, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), and Salo, Tapio J.
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, hordeum vulgare, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, engineering.material, modèle de simulation, 01 natural sciences, finlande, Genetics, Precipitation, Leaf area index, 3d, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Moisture, Phenology, Simulation modeling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Agricultural sciences, fertilisation azotée, Agronomy, Phenotyping, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, minéralisation, Fertilizer, Hordeum vulgare, Crop simulation model, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles, azote du sol, point cloud
Abstract: SUMMARYEleven widely used crop simulation models (APSIM, CERES, CROPSYST, COUP, DAISY, EPIC, FASSET, HERMES, MONICA, STICS and WOFOST) were tested using spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) data set under varying nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates from three experimental years in the boreal climate of Jokioinen, Finland. This is the largest standardized crop model inter-comparison under different levels of N supply to date. The models were calibrated using data from 2002 and 2008, of which 2008 included six N rates ranging from 0 to 150 kg N/ha. Calibration data consisted of weather, soil, phenology, leaf area index (LAI) and yield observations. The models were then tested against new data for 2009 and their performance was assessed and compared with both the two calibration years and the test year. For the calibration period, root mean square error between measurements and simulated grain dry matter yields ranged from 170 to 870 kg/ha. During the test year 2009, most models failed to accurately reproduce the observed low yield without N fertilizer as well as the steep yield response to N applications. The multi-model predictions were closer to observations than most single-model predictions, but multi-model mean could not correct systematic errors in model simulations. Variation in soil N mineralization and LAI development due to differences in weather not captured by the models most likely was the main reason for their unsatisfactory performance. This suggests the need for model improvement in soil N mineralization as a function of soil temperature and moisture. Furthermore, specific weather event impacts such as low temperatures after emergence in 2009, tending to enhance tillering, and a high precipitation event just before harvest in 2008, causing possible yield penalties, were not captured by any of the models compared in the current study.
Published: 2016
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