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Objective: Publications on hidden blood loss (HBL) after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for lumbar spine stenosis syndrome (LSS) have been reported, but the modified HBL (mHBL) was different from HBL obtained by classical formula and there are few studies on lumbar spine hemorrhage with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of our study is to respectively evaluate the importance of hidden blood loss (HBL) and modified HBL (mHBL) after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in patients diagnosed with LSS and RA, to explore the correlation between RA activity and HBL as well as mHBL. Methods: A total of 61 patients (nine males and 52 females) diagnosed with LSS and RA who underwent PLIF were included. Data contained demographics, RA‐related parameters such as duration of RA, Steinbrocker classification (used to evaluated RA activity), the disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), osteoporosis and total knee arthroplasty; operation and hemorrhage parameters. Then HBL and mHBL were calculated by Gross formula and modified formula, respectively. Subgroup analysis on HBL and mHBL was performed based on gender, age (≤60 years and ˃60 years), different number of surgical segments (single segment, double segment, and ≥3 segments), and taking DMARDs or not. ANOVA analysis was performed on HBL and mHBL in different surgery segment number and Steinbrocker classification of RA. Independent sample t‐test was used in comparison of gender and age, as well as in comparison between HBL and mHBL based on whether the patient took DMARDs or not. Furthermore, paired t‐test was used to compare the volume between HBL and mHBL. Results: The mean age and duration of RA was 65.2 ± 9.3 years and 14.3 ± 10.7 years, respectively. There were 13 grade I cases, 34 grade II cases, and 14 grade III cases as assessed by Steinbrocker classification and the most common anti‐RA drugs were DMARDs (57.4%). The mean intraoperative bleeding, drainage, and blood loss in drainage (DBL) was 453.3 ± 377.8 mL, 489.1 ± 253.8 mL, and 304.6 ± 156.3 mL, respectively. There was no difference on HBL and mHBL in gender. HBL and mHBL was larger in patients over 60 years (P = 0.040 and P = 0.023). There were differences in intraoperative blood loss, drainage, and DBL based on different number of segments but not in HBL and mHBL, or on Steinbrocker classification. DBL was lower in DMARDs group than non‐drugged group (P = 0.03), while HBL and mHBL were both of no significance. The comparison of HBL and mHBL showed statistical difference (P < 0.001), suggesting that mHBL volume is larger than HBL. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed as LSS with RA have amounts of HBL or mHBL after PLIF. HBL or mHBL is not associated with RA activity, which may not increase in RA patients compared with common ones. Taking DMARDs may reduce postoperative DBL. The fact that mHBL is larger than HBL provides an all‐round basis for measuring factual HBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Complexes 1 , 2 and 3 exhibit reversible photochromic behavior. • Complexes 1 , 2 and 3 exhibit long-lived persistent phosphorescence. • Complex 2 exhibits excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence. • Three complexes show great potential in data encryption and anticounterfeiting. • 2 was fabricated in inkless printing performance and information transmission. Long persistent luminescence materials have wide application prospects in the fields of optical communication, sensors, and anticounterfeiting. Recently, some researchers have proved the feasibility of charge transfer effect in the construction of visible light excited room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. However, materials with electronic effects require elaborate design to exhibit long-lived phosphorescence. Herein, a series of coordination compounds based on viologen ligand HL⋅Cl (4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) and Zn2+ with benzoic acid derivatives (o- , m- , p- phthalic acid) were reported. They exhibit not only reversible photochromic properties, but also long-lived persistent phosphorescence. Three complexes possess different structures through different auxiliary ligands with different optical physical properties. Complex 1 exhibits dynamic phosphorescence emission at low temperatures. Interestingly, we synthesized the first viologen complex (complex 2) with excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence, and the emission color gradually changed from blue to red with the increase of excitation wavelength. In addition, the applications of three complexes in data encryption and anticounterfeiting are further demonstrated. This work not only presents coordination compounds with dynamic afterglow materials, excitation wavelength- and time-dependent emission properties, but also provides a new strategy for the charge transfer effect in visible light-excited RTP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The catalytic enhancement effect of Li+ is reflected by reducing the residue mass and increasing the peak gas concentration of CO 2 and SO 2. • Li+ can reduce the fracture temperature of CERs skeleton by 50℃. • The Li 2 O formed by the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 is an oxygen ion donor in addition to oxygen in the air. • The Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 are more likely to absorb SO 2 than Li 2 CO 3 according to the results of thermodynamic calculation. The Cation ion-exchange resins (CERs) can be effectively oxidized in molten Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 , but the high price of Li 2 CO 3 requires further clarification of its necessity in the molten salt oxidation (MSO) process of CERs. In this paper, Li+ ions are introduced into CERs by ion exchange, and the direct oxidation of pure CERs and Li+ doped CERs and the MSO process of Li+ doped CERs in Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 (Li+ in CERs), pure CERs in Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 (Li+ in molten salt) and pure CERs in Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 (without Li+) were compared. Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and gas mass spectrometry data illustrate that the introduction of Li+ can increase the peak content of CO 2 and SO 2 and reduce the mass of residue. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results reflect that the presence of Li+ can advance the temperature of resin skeleton destruction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) displays the fracture degree of CERs is more severe in Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 than other two systems. X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) and the content of carbonate and sulfate are used to analyze the composition of waste salt after MSO. Compared with other two systems, the content of sulfate produced by adsorption of SO 2 and residual carbonate are the highest in Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3. Thermodynamic calculation using HSC chemistry 6.0 evidences that in Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 , Li 2 O produced by decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 can provide oxygen ions, while Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 can absorb SO 2. Changing the oxidation temperature and oxidation time in different systems, the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of CERs are comprised. The DRE of Li+ in molten salt can achieve 99.99 % of CERs at a lower oxidation temperature and less oxidation time than other salt systems. In summary, the superiority of Li 2 CO 3 in ternary salts is difficult to replace at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients who develop recurrence have poor prognosis. Our study aimed to establish effective prognosis prediction model based on competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for recurrence of COAD.Methods: COAD expression profilings downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as training dataset, and expression profilings of GSE29623 retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were set as validation dataset. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) between non-recurrent and recurrent specimens in training dataset were screened, and optimum prognostic signature DERs were revealed to establish prognostic score (PS) model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for PS model, and GEO dataset was used for validation. Prognosis prediction efficiencies were evaluated by area under curve (AUC) and C-index. Meanwhile, ceRNA regulatory network was constructed by using signature mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs.Results: We identified 562 DERs including 42 lncRNAs, 36 miRNAs, and 484 mRNAs. PS prediction model, consisting of 17 optimum prognostic signature DERs, showed that high risk group had significantly poorer prognosis (5-year AUC = 0.951, C-index = 0.788), which also validated in GSE29623. Prognosis prediction model incorporating multi-RNAs with pathologic distant metastasis (M) and pathologic primary tumor (T) (5-year AUC = 0.969, C-index = 0.812) had better efficiency than clinical prognosis prediction model (5-year AUC = 0.712, C-index = 0.680). In the constructed ceRNA regulatory network, lncRNA NCBP2-AS1 could interact with hsa-miR-34c and hsa-miR-363, and lncRNA LINC00115 could interact with hsa-miR-363 and hsa-miR-4709. SIX4, GRAP, NKAIN4, MMAA, and ERVMER34-1 are regulated by hsa-miR-4709.Conclusion: Prognosis prediction model incorporating multi-RNAs with pathologic M and pathologic T may have great value in COAD prognosis prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease type and is accompanied by varying degrees of functional limitation. Both hyaluronic acid (HA) joint injections and pain relievers are efficient treatments for early-stage osteoarthritis. However, for the decomposition by hyaluronidase and free radicals in the knee joint, HA injection treatment has limited effect time. The cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) is a long time free radical scavenger. CeO2 combined with HA expected, may extend the HA decomposition time and have a positive effect on osteoarthritis therapy. In this study, CeO2 was successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method with a particle size of about 120 nm, which possessed excellent dispersibility in the culture medium. The in vitro OA model was established by cell treated with H2O2 for 30 min. Our study found that the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation dose-dependently increased with H2O2 concentration but was significantly decreased by supplementation of cerium oxide nanoparticles. COL2a1 and ACAN gene expression in chondrocytes was significantly decreased after H2O2 treatment; however, the tendency was changed after cerium oxide nanoparticles treatment, which suggested that damaged chondrocytes were protected against oxidative stress. These findings suggest that cerium oxide nanoparticles are potential therapeutic applications in the early stage of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers for diseases can be discovered by metabolomic profiling of human fluids. If the various types of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be accurately characterized by metabolomics, effective treatment may be targeted without using unnecessary therapies and resources.Objectives: The authors studied disturbed metabolic pathways to assess the diagnostic value of metabolomics-based biomarkers in different types of CAD.Methods: A cohort of 2,324 patients from 4 independent centers was studied. Patients underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Groups were divided as follows: normal coronary artery (NCA), nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (NOCA), stable angina (SA), unstable angina (UA), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Plasma metabolomic profiles were determined by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and were analyzed by multivariate statistics.Results: We made 12 cross-comparisons to and within CAD to characterize metabolic disturbances. We focused on comparisons of NOCA versus NCA, SA versus NOCA, UA versus SA, and AMI versus UA. Other comparisons were made, including SA versus NCA, UA versus NCA, AMI versus NCA, UA versus NOCA, AMI versus NOCA, AMI versus SA, significant CAD (SA/UA/AMI) versus nonsignificant CAD (NCA/NOCA), and acute coronary syndrome (UA/AMI) versus SA. A total of 89 differential metabolites were identified. The altered metabolic pathways included reduced phospholipid catabolism, increased amino acid metabolism, increased short-chain acylcarnitines, decrease in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and less biosynthesis of primary bile acid. For differential diagnosis, 12 panels of specific metabolomics-based biomarkers provided areas under the curve of 0.938 to 0.996 in the discovery phase (n = 1,086), predictive values of 89.2% to 96.0% in the test phase (n = 933), and 85.3% to 96.4% in the 3-center external sets (n = 305).Conclusions: Plasma metabolomics are powerful for characterizing metabolic disturbances. Differences in small-molecule metabolites may reflect underlying CAD and serve as biomarkers for CAD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]