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This study examined the psychometric properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale for Parents (SCAS-P) in 1943 father-mother dyads and 1785 students. Results of confirmatory factor analyses for SCAS-P were in favour of the original model with six correlated factors. The internal consistency of SCAS-P was acceptable (α = .63-.91), and the test-retest reliability was acceptable (r = .46-.72). The convergent and divergent validity of SCAS-P was supported by significant correlations with an internalizing subscale to a greater extent than with an externalizing subscale. Congruent validity was supported by significant correlations between father and mother reports (r = .60-.71) and child and parent reports (r = .25-.42). Significant differences between community and clinical samples supported the discriminant validity. Adolescents showed higher anxiety levels than children, and girls showed higher anxiety levels than boys. Our findings suggest that the SCAS-P is a suitable parent instrument to measure child anxiety symptoms in Mainland Chinese children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus velezensis (formerly referred to as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) strain BAC03 is a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium. It has shown to be antagonistic against Streptomyces scabies in our previous studies, but its efficacy on plant growth promotion needs to be determined. In this study, BAC03 was tested for potential growth promotion on nine selected types of plants, including beet, carrot, cucumber, pepper, potato, radish, squash, tomato, and turnip, at the concentration of 10 5 colony forming unit cm −3 potting mix under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that BAC03 increased the growth of some tested plants at various levels in different plant parts. Application of BAC03 at 10 days after planting was associated in radish with the highest biomass gain compared to applications at other stages. Multiple applications of BAC03 giving the same total amount of inoculum resulted in higher weights of radish roots and leaves. That BAC03 produced indole-3-acetic acid and ammonia, as well as showed a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity may be related to plant growth promotion. Acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were detected as major components of the volatile released from BAC03 by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Chestnut tissues, essential oils, horseradish, and Bacillus strain BAC03 reduced scab in condition-controlled trials. [•] The efficacy by chestnut tissues, oregano essential oils, and horseradish varied depending on locations and seasons. [•] BAC03 significantly reduced the scab diseases and may increase the plant growth confirmed by field trials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (c-LLZO) is an ideal solid-state electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. The Li diffusivity at 24d site is a rate-determining step of the ionic conductivity. Aluminium is commonly used to synthesise c-LLZO. However, Al3+ prefers to occupy the 24d over 96h. To improve the ionic conductivity of Al-doped LLZO, minimizing the occupation of Al at 24d is shown to be crucial. In this work, SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) is employed primarily due to its capability of metastable phase stabilization via a non-equilibrium process and ion redistribution related electromigration process. X-ray powder diffraction refinement reveals that occupancy of Al at 24d site decreased and lattice distortion index increase of SPS processed Al-doped c-LLZO. The lattice distortion index is closely tied to lattice entropy, i.e., configuration and vibrational entropy. Increasing lattice entropy can reduce the energy barriers between Al and Li's 24d and 96h sites, stabilising Al3+ occupancy at 96h site. After SPS parameter optimisation, the high ionic conductivity of 2.6 × 10–4 S·cm-1 and low electronic conductivity of 10–7 S·cm-1. This study offers a new perspective on using SPS to modify the lattice structure, with potential benefits beyond simply densifying the samples. Highlighting the importance of high lattice entropy is favourable in enhancing ionic conductivity. • Spark plasma sintering promote ion redistribution and lattice distortion of Al-doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12. • Redistribution of Al3+ from the energy favoured 24d site to the 96h site, enhancing Li+ ionic diffusivity. • Induced lattice distortion increase the lattice entropy and reduce the energy barriers of 24d and 96h site energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbBr 3 offers attractive photophysical properties and phase stability for high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, CsPbBr 3 films produced by the classic solution-based two-step method are always accompanied with impurity phases of CsPb 2 Br 5 and Cs 4 PbBr 6 , which represents a major efficiency-limiting factor for future advances of CsPbBr 3 -based devices. The challenge lies in the complexity of the Cs-Pb-Br phase system, requiring both spatially and temporally precise control of the precursor stoichiometry during solution-phase growth of CsPbBr 3 films. By adopting 2-methoxyethanol as the solution conversion medium instead of commonly applied methanol, the reaction between CsBr and PbBr 2 can be finely controlled to yield single phase CsPbBr 3 films within a few minutes; extending the solution-conversion step to 24 h does not alter the phase purity of resulting CsPbBr 3 films. The present work paves the way to regulate the crystal growth behaviors of two-step solution-processed CsPbBr 3 films by simple solvent engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enestroburin and SYP1620 are newly developed strobilurin chemicals carrying fungicidal activity and need to be fully characterized in activities of anti-oomycete or anti-fungi, disease prevention and systemic translocation in planta. Their inhibitory activities were examined by amending the chemical in agar media, on which selected plant pathogens were grown and mycelial growth were measured. Effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth were calculated to determine the level of fungicide sensitivity of the pathogen. Azoxystrobin was used as control. To examine the prevention and systemic translocation in plants, the fungicides were either sprayed on wheat leaves or dipped on wheat roots, which then were detected using high performance liquid chromatography. All the three fungicides inhibited mycelial growth of Sphacelotheca reiliana, Phytophthora infestans, Peronophythora litchi, and Magnaporthe oryzae, with EC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 2.84 µg/ml; EC50 of SYP1620 was significantly lower than that of azoxystrobin and enestroburin on Valsa mali, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Alternaria solani, and Colletotrichun orbiculare. The three QoI fungicides showed strong inhibitory activities on spore germination against the 13 pathogens tested and were highly effective on biotrophic pathogens tested. Enestroburin and SYP1620 penetrated and spread in wheat leaves, but the penetration and translocation levels were lower compared to azoxystrobin. The three fungicides were all rapidly taken up by wheat roots and transported upwards, with greater fungicide concentrations in roots than in stems and leaves. The results indicate that enestroburin and SYP1620 are systemic fungicides that inhibit a broad spectrum of fungi and oomycetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]