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Synaptic behavior simulation in transistors based on MoS2 has been reported. MoS2 was utilized as the active layer to prepare ambipolar thin-film transistors. The excitatory postsynaptic current phenomenon was simulated, observing a gradual voltage decay following the removal of applied pulses, ultimately resulting in a response current slightly higher than the initial current. Subsequently, ±5 V voltages were separately applied for ten consecutive pulse voltage tests, revealing short-term potentiation and short-term depression behaviors. After 92 consecutive positive pulses, the device current transitioned from an initial value of 0.14 to 28.3 mA. Similarly, following 88 consecutive negative pulses, the device current changed, indicating long-term potentiation and long-term depression behaviors. We also employed a pair of continuous triangular wave pulses to evaluate paired-pulse facilitation behavior, observing that the response current of the second stimulus pulse was ∼1.2× greater than that of the first stimulus pulse. The advantages and prospects of using MoS2 as a material for thin-film transistors were thoroughly displayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) is a gastrointestinal pathogen that is distributed worldwide, involved in systemic, extraintestinal and invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Establishment of antibiotic resistance in the pathogen has produced a need for new antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to elucidate antibacterial mechanism of protocatechualdehyde (PCA) extracted from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza towards Y. enterocolitica , and to investigate effects of PCA on key virulence factors associated with human infection. Present results indicated that PCA exerted its antibacterial activity against Y. enterocolitica mainly by the rapid rise of intracellular reactive oxygen species, leading to change in permeability and integrity of cell membrane, and ultimately decline of membrane potential and intracellular ATP. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that Y. enterocolitica presented gradually shrinkage in length and partial wrinkles upon PCA treatment. PCA also effectively decreased motility, biofilm formation, quorum sensing in a dose-dependent manner without affecting bacterial growth. Further, at SICs, PCA substantially suppressed the adhesion and invasion of Y. enterocolitica to HT-29 cells and the downregulation of essential virulence factor-encoding genes unveiled impaired virulence. Overall, the findings revealed the potential of PCA as an alternative antibacterial agent to combat Y. enterocolitica contamination and infections. • The antimicrobial mechanism and anti-virulence activity of PCA on Y. enterocolitica were evaluated. • PCA affected membrane integrity and even altered cell morphology. • PCA efficiently weakened the adhesion and invasion of Y. enterocolitica to HT-29 cells. • PCA inhibited bacterial motility, biofilm formation, and interfered with quorum sensing system. • Genes associated with virulence properties were down-regulated by PCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to reveal mechanisms of nitrogen changes in a mixed compost of diseased pig carcasses and sawdust after adding exogenous microbial agents. It was found that adding exogenous microbial agents significantly increased the content of various types of nitrogen and the germination index of plants. Microbial dominance of phyla was significantly correlated with indicators of physicochemical properties and copy number of nitrogen-functional genes, with simultaneous nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, and glutamate synthesis during composting. At the end of composting, TKN, NH 4 +-N, and NO 3 −-N contents were increased by 1.914–3.082 mg/g, 0.047–0.42 mg/g, and 0.247–0.303 mg/g, respectively, in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , and Planctomycetes were the five predominant phyla, while Sphingobacterium, and Paenalcaligenes were the two special genera in this experiment. After inoculation with exogenous microbial agents, the levels of nitrate nitrogen were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the number of Bacteroidetes , the glnA gene was positively related (p < 0.01) with Planctomycetes , and the amoA , GDH2 , and GLUD1 - 2 genes were positively related (p < 0.05) with Paenalcaligenes. The combined analysis has shown that amoA gene was positively related (p < 0.001) with genes such as nxrA , GDH2 and GLUD1 - 2 , as well as indicators of physicochemical properties such as temperature, organic nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, while the correlation was negative with genes such as nirB and nirS. Inoculation with exogenous microbial agents can significantly prolong the high-temperature period, which was extended by 5, 6, and 5 days in each experimental group, and the roles of nitrogen-functional genes can also be changed. Meanwhile, we found that the addition of exogenous microbial agents could promote the growth and alteration of microorganisms, which regulated the stability and symbiosis of the nitrogen transformation process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]