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This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of piezosurgery (PI) in promoting immediate clotting after flapless extraction in patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).In this randomized controlled trial, 80 DAPT patients were equally divided into the PI and turbine handpiece (TH) groups. Accordingly, flapless extraction of a single tooth using PI or TH was performed on each patient, and the immediate clotting status was evaluated. The results of the preoperative hematological examinations, surgery-related variables and postoperative complications were recorded for analysis.Both groups presented with low platelet aggregation and similar coagulation functions. The PI group exhibited a higher proportion of patients with normal intra-alveolar clotting (≤30 min) (70% vs. 40%, P = 0.007) and fewer intraoperative complications (25% vs. 47.5%, P = 0.036) than that in the TH group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the applied instrument was an independent risk factor for prolonged immediate bleeding (odds ratio = 3.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-8.00, P = 0.019). Intergroup differences were insignificant in terms of the other surgery-related variables and postoperative complications, except for the longer surgical duration in the PI group.The application of PI may contribute to better immediate clotting in DAPT patients after flapless extraction compared with the use of TH.

Background: The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing, with an estimated 369,000 new patients each year worldwide. Surgery is the primary treatment modality for early-stage OSCC, but there is scant evidence to prove the value of elective neck dissection (END) for relatively small early-stage OSCC. This study aimed to identify factors predicting survival for patients with clinical stage T1N0M0 (cT1N0M0) OSCC and whether up-front END improved survival. Patients and Methods: Patients with cT1N0M0 OSCC who underwent tumor resection with or without END were identified and extracted from the SEER database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess overall survival and disease-specific survival. Prognostic factors were determined using Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 5,752 patients with cT1N0M0 OSCC were extracted, of whom 2,194 (38.1%) underwent tumor resection surgery with concurrent END and 3,558 (61.9%) underwent only tumor resection. In a multivariate Cox analysis, a relatively advanced age (>62 years) and relatively high pathologic grade were the significant negative predictors, but married status (hazard ratio, 0.709; P=.006) and undergoing END (hazard ratio, 0.708; PConclusions: Patients with cT1N0M0 OSCC gain significant overall and disease-specific survival benefit from END.

Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, seriously affects human health and ecological security. The cation/H

Malignant myoepithelioma of the head and neck (HNMM) is a rare malignancy, and its characteristics and survival rates have not been well-defined. This study aimed to define the epidemiology of HNMM and identify the prognostic factors associated with the disease. Data on all patients diagnosed with HNMM between 1991 and 2016 were gathered from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognoses of the patients were described. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors, and the prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were constructed. A total of 333 cases of HNMM were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 60.6 years, and 50.1% of the patients were men. After diagnosis, 46.2% of patients underwent surgery alone, 43.5% of patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy, and 3.6% of patients received only radiotherapy. Survival analysis showed that the 5-year OS and DSS for all HNMM patients were 69.7 and 82.1%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis model, the undifferentiated pathological grade (P

Temperature is a major factor affecting physical and mechanical rock properties. With increasing temperature, a series of variations enlarge the internal defects within rocks, resulting in physical and mechanical rock property variations. To explore the influence of temperature on the physical and micro-structure of limestone, the weighing test and P-wave velocity test were conducted on limestone after exposure to high temperature to reveal the evolution of the limestone mass and P -wave velocity. XRD, XRF, SEM, and mercury intrusion tests were also carried out to examine the mineral composition and content, micro-fracture morphology, porosity, and fractal dimension. The limestone mass and P-wave velocity decrease with increasing temperature. When T ≤ 400 °C, there is no obvious change in chemical composition and crystal structure; when T = 400–500 °C, the diffraction intensity of partial calcite decreases, and dolomite decomposes gradually; when T > 500 °C, illite decomposes gradually, while dolomite decomposes completely; and the diffraction intensity of calcite is significantly reduced. When T ≤ 200 °C, changes in trace minerals or impurities containing K2O and Na2O and the decomposition of illite oxide are dominant; when T = 400–600 °C, illite oxide, trace minerals, or impurities containing K2O and calcium hydroxide begin to decompose. When T = 600–800 °C, magnesite and dolomite begin to decompose. When T ≤ 200 °C, micro-fracture surfaces change slightly. When T = 200–500 °C, micro-fractures begin to develop and propagate gradually, most of which are intergranular cracks with a small number of transgranular cracks. When T > 500 °C, transgranular cracks occur in samples with locally broken crystals, and the cracking of the crystal structure occurs with increasing pore size. With increasing temperature, the limestone pore fractal dimension decreases gradually, and the higher the temperature, the greater the decrease. 400 °C to 500 °C is the temperature threshold interval that causes the pore structure change. These new pores, resulting from the increasing temperature, are primarily mesopores with a pore diameter of 1.0–10.0 μm. This research provides a scientific basis for the design and construction of rock engineering projects to be subjected to high temperatures, deep geological radioactive nuclear waste disposal sites, deep mines, and the exploitation of geothermal resources.

This study derived the analytical solutions for the deflection, bending moment and shear force of a hard roof under an arbitrary front abutment pressure for both the initial and periodic fracture problems using the elastic foundation beam model. With the assumption that the overburden pressure is constant in a small section, the roof subjected to arbitrarily distributed pressures is divided into a number of sufficiently small sections, whose closed-form solutions can be obtained easily. The proposed analytical solutions are validated by comparisons with those calculated using a model reported in the literature, in which the overburden pressure is assumed to follow a normal distribution. The parametric studies on the foundation stiffness, front abutment pressure and support resistance show that: (1) with the decrease of elastic foundation stiffness, the deflection and the maximum bending moment significantly increase, and the shear force significantly changes in the unmined region; (2) as the peak point position moves inside the coal wall, the deflection of the goaf roof, as well as the maximum bending moment and shear force, obviously decrease; (3) with the increase of support resistance, the maximum bending moment and deflection significantly decrease, and the shear force significant decreases in the hydraulic support region; (4) when the coal seam is soft and peak position of the front abutment pressure is near the coal wall, initial fracture occurs at the midspan; otherwise, it occurs inside the coal wall. For the periodic fracture condition, the fracture position is closer to the coal wall when the coal seam is harder, and the fracture length increases when the peak position of front abutment pressure moves inside the coal wall.

Background Malignant tumours of the temporomandibular joint (MTTMJ) are extremely rare. Studies describing its unique epidemiology, clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis comprehensively are limited. To address these issues, current investigation was performed. Methods A retrospective research was carried out by using population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973–2016). Results Data for a total of 734 patients, including 376 men and 358 women, was found. The median age was 47 years. The 5-year and 10-year disease specific survival (DSS) rates were 69.2 and 63.6%, respectively. Significant differences in DSS were found according to age, race, tumour type, AJCC/TNM stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and different treatment modalities (P 44 years and AJCC stage III and IV were associated with poor DSS. Conclusion MTTMJ was mostly found in white people with a median age of 47 years without any sex predominance. Patient’s age and AJCC stage was independent predictor of DSS.

Background To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of head and neck small cell carcinoma (H&NSmCC) and identify prognostic factors on the basis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Methods Total of 789 primary cases from 1973 to 2016 were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic indicators. An H&NSmCC-specific nomogram was constructed and compared with the AJCC staging system by calculating the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The incidence of H&NSmCC peaked during the period of 50 to 70 years old, and the most frequent location was the salivary gland. The 5-year disease specific survival (DSS) was 27%. In the multivariate survival analysis, AJCC III + IV stage [HR = 2.5, P = 0.03, I + II stage as Ref], positive N stage [HR = 1.67, P = 0.05, negative N stage as Ref], positive M stage [HR = 4.12, P = 0.000, negative M stage as Ref] and without chemotherapy [HR = 0.56, P = 0.023, received chemotherapy as Ref] were independently associated with DSS. The H&NSmCC-specific nomogram was built based on the independent prognostic indicators. The nomogram demonstrated better predictive capacity than the AJCC staging system for 5-year DSS [(AUC: 0.75 vs 0.634; Harrell’s C-index (95% CI): 0.7(0.66–0.74) vs 0.59(0.55–0.62), P Conclusion N stage, M stage, AJCC stage and chemotherapy were independent prognostic indicators included in the prognostic nomogram model, which can better predict the survival of H&NSmCC than the AJCC staging system.

During the failure process, granite always exhibits strain-softening behavior and confining pressure-dependent effect. Based on triaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression tests, the evolutions of cohesive strength, internal friction angle, and elastic modulus with axial plastic strain and confining pressure were obtained. The results show that both the cohesive strength and the internal friction angle first increase and then decrease with an increase in the axial plastic strain. Meanwhile, the elastic modulus increases with an increase in the confining pressure and decreases with an increase in the axial plastic strain. Considering the evolutions of the cohesive strength, the internal friction angle and the elastic modulus, an improved strain-softening constitutive model was proposed. The proposed model was further embedded in the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) procedure, based on which the conventional triaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests were simulated. The simulated results have shown a good agreement to the experimental results.

Understanding the mechanical behavior of rock under conditions of high temperature and pressure is critical when it comes to implementing underground coal gasification, deep disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste, development and utilization of deep underground space, development and utilization of geothermal resources, etc. To understand the effect of confining pressure on limestone at high temperature, uniaxial and triaxial compression testing was conducted on limestone under high temperature (20–800 °C) using the MTS 815 rock mechanics testing system. Using this system, the change in the strength and deformation parameters of the limestone at varying temperature and confining pressure conditions were studied. The results show that the triaxial compression stress-strain curve of limestone at high temperatures is divided into five stages: compaction stage, elastic stage, plastic deformation stage, post-peak failure stage, and residual stage. In addition, the rock brittleness and ductility decrease as the temperature increases. The peak stress and residual strength of the limestone at high temperatures increase as the confining pressure increases, and the strength of the rock specimens decreases as the temperature increases. The internal friction angle (φ) first increases and then decreases as the temperature increases, but the relationship of the cohesive force (c) to temperature is opposite that of φ, indicating that the shear strength of limestone at high temperatures is determined by both c and φ. The elastic modulus of limestone at high temperatures increases with the increase in confining pressure and decreases as the temperature increases, and the peak strain of limestone at high temperatures increases as the confining pressure and temperature increase. The effect of temperature on the failure of limestone is not obvious, and the failure of rock specimens during uniaxial compression testing was mostly through axial splitting, while the failure of rock specimens under triaxial compression testing was mostly through shear failure. As the confining pressure increases, the fracture type of the rock specimens gradually changes from brittle tensile fracture to shear fracture, and the instability type of the rock specimen changed from the sudden instability type to the progressive failure type. Our research results are especially useful in areas where engineering is performed on rocks under high temperature.

To investigate the effects of metformin (Met) on middle-aged male mice aging induced by D-galactose.Fifty nine-month-old male ICR mice were fed in SPF experimental environment and fed freely with water. Subsequently, the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=10): control group, model group, metformin low, medium and high dose groups(Met 50 mg/kg, Met 100 mg/kg, Met 200 mg/kg). The mice in different doses of Met group and model group were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose 100 mg/kg at the back of neck to induce senescence every day. At the same time, the mice were respectively treated with Met (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) or NS of equal volume by gavage. The control group was injected and gavage with equal volume NS. All treatments lasted for 8 weeks. During the study, the general condition, body weight, blood glucose,the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver tissue of each mouse were tested, learning and memory ability were measured by Mirris water maze test, HE staining was used to observe the pathology of hippocampus in the mice.Met 200 mg/kg per day could reduce body weight (P＜0.05). Met intervention had no effect on normal fasting blood glucose in model rats. Compared with model group, the daily dose of Met 50, 100, 200 mg/kg could significantly increase SOD activity in serum and liver tissues of model mice (P＜0.05) and decrease MDA content in serum of model mice (P＜0.05), and improve most of the indicators of learning and memory ability of Morris water maze test (P＜0.05). HE staining showed that the neurons with nuclear condensation and deep staining were obviously decreased in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Met intervention has dose-dependent effects on most indicators.Long-term treatment of Met can delay the aging process of middle-aged male mice induced by D-galactose, which may be related to reducing the weight of mice and enhancing the body's antioxidant level.

This paper deals with a deep circular tunnel excavated in infinite homogeneous and isotropic elasto-viscoplastic rock mass subjected to a hydrostatic initial stresses. The tunnel is divided into the initial plastic, viscoplastic, and elastic zones. By combining the generalized Bingham model with Mohr-Coulomb yield criteria, analytical solutions of the circular tunnel are derived with the consideration of non-associated flow rule and elasto-viscoplasticity. The initial plastic zone is defined as the instantaneous change of rock mass excavation. Based on the initial plastic zone, the stresses in viscoplastic zone are transferred to the deep surrounding rock with time due to the initial earth stresses. The results are compared with the elastic-brittle solution at static conditions, and the solutions of this paper are validated. Moreover, the presented results shows that the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock varies with time, and the solutions can be obtained at different instants of time.

This paper presents an analytical finite strain solution for cavity expansion in strain-hardening and/or softening Mohr-Coulomb soil subjected to a non-associated flow rule. The evolutions of material parameters, i.e. deformation and strength parameters, are totally considered. The finite strain is applied to describe the plastic behavior with the logarithmic strain. By assuming constant material properties in a very small region, the plastic region is divided into a series of concentric annuli. The solution can be recursively obtained according to the closed-form solution of each annulus, and is suitable to soil with any complex material evolution types. For the cavity with the same cavity expansion a/a0, the required cavity pressure of strain-hardening and/or softening soils is larger and/or smaller than that of elasto-perfectly plastic soils for both spherical and cylindrical cavity expansions. With respect to the same cavity pressure, the displacement and stress around cavity of strain-hardening and/or softening models are larger and/or smaller than those of perfectly plastic model. With respect to the same cavity expansion displacement, the increases in the strength parameters including cohesive strength and friction enlarge the cavity pressure, and slightly decrease the plastic and residual radii.

A piecewise-linear large-strain radial consolidation model, called VRCS1, is developed for soft soil stabilized by prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) assisted by vacuum-surcharge combined preloading incorporating non-Darcian flow and nonlinear compressibility and permeability relationships. VRCS1 accounts for large strain, soil self-weight, smear effect, partial drain penetration, time-dependent surcharge loading, time- and depth-dependent vacuum pressure, unload/reload effects, radial and vertical flows, hydraulic conductivity anisotropy, non-Darcian flow and nonlinearly varying relationships of compressibility and permeability. The compressibility and permeability constitutive relationships are specified using discrete data points and, as a result, VRCS1 is more flexible than other existing models in terms of considering a variety of different constitutive relationships. VRCS1 shows excellent agreement with other exiting solutions and field measurements involving Darcian flow and non-Darcian flow, surcharge loading and surcharge-vacuum combined loading, and small and large strains. A series of numeric examples indicates that compressibility and permeability relationships can have significant effect on the rate of radial consolidation. Results also indicate that solutions based on small-strain theory can be in significant error for large strain conditions, especially when non-Darcian flow and nonlinear constitutive relationships are encountered.

This paper presents a large strain numerical solution of a circular tunnel for the ground reaction curve (GRC) in strain-softening rock masses. Both the stress equilibrium equation and deformation compatibility equation are considered in a current coordinate. A series of examples are employed to validate the proposed solutions, and the results show that: (1) the displacement, softening and residual radii of larger strain solution are smaller than that of small strain solution, and their difference significantly increases with a decrease in the Young’s modulus. (2) the increasing Poisson’s ration and critical shear plastic strain decrease the displacement, softening and residual radii.

Aiming at the path sudden change and inconsistent turning of virtual vehicles in visual simulation system for bridge cranes, forklifts virtual paths are created by using path and navigator modules in Lynx interface based on the application principles of path and navigator in Vega software. Then, forklifts visual paths are edited to ensure the natural and fluent movements of forklifts by choosing spline navigator, setting smaller smoothing threshold and smaller spline tension parameters in Path Tool. Finally, combining working cycle requirements of loading and unloading goods for bridge cranes, continuous motions of several forklifts are realized by calling the path navigation library functions of Vega Software in VC++. Therefore, virtual vehicles complex paths are created and disadvantages of fixed path for virtual vehicles in visual simulation system are solved.

Collision detection is the key technology in the visual simulation system for bridge cranes. According to analyse the collision between hook and virtual objects in visual simulation system for bridge cranes, collision detection method of visual simulation system for bridge cranes is determined based on the collision detection principle. First of all, LOS intersection vector method is chosen based on the principle of collision detection in Vega. Hook is designed for the collision target using Isector module in Lynx and the same intersection vector masks in Isector Class are guaranteed. Then, the BUMP collision detection for hook is created by calling vgIsector functions in VC++ and BUMP detection method of hook is bounded with hook. Finally, conditional statements which ensure hook to move without collision are compiled. Therefore, the virtual scene around the hook is detected in real time. The results show that the phenomenon of passing through by mistake for the hook can be avoided applying the BUMP collision detection method in Vega software in visual simulation system for bridge cranes, and the accuracy for BUMP method detecting the goods is improved using LOS collision detection method.

In order to achieve the function for automatic test paper and automatic scoring of blank-filling test module in the theory examination system for tower cranes, first of all, the blank-filling is classified based on the answer complexity of blank-filling, and the questions of blank-filling related table structure are designed. Then, test paper is automatically generated by extracting the corresponding questions based on the different random numbers generated random function rand (). Scoring is automatically accomplished by using the matching mode technology which compares the examinee answer and standard answer. Finally, the score is cumulated to calculated achievement for blank-filling test module by extracting the examinee score of the relevant information table. Therefore, the implementation of automatic test paper and automatic scoring can ensure the effectiveness of the test papers and the accuracy of the papers marked.

The serious dendritic segregation occurs in Cu-20Ni-5Sn alloy. The microstructure of Cu-20Ni-5Sn alloy as-cast is composed of white light dendrite (Cu-Ni solid solution), Sn-rich solid solution (Cu2Ni3Sn3 phase) and block light precipitation (Ni17Sn3 phase). The microstructure of Cu-20Ni-5Sn alloy affected by alterative and homogenization temperature was studied. The results show that the alterative can refine the microstructures of the Cu-20Ni-5Sn alloy and reduce the segregation of Sn. The grains are quite fine with 0.9%Wt alterative in the alloy. The homogenization temperature of the Cu-20Ni-5Sn alloy decreases with increase of alterative content in the alloy. Grains enlarged with the increase of homogenization temperature, and the secondary phase distributes became more evenly. The optimization condition of homogenization treatment is at 800 in 24h.

The rate of consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is closely related to the well resistance, which mainly depends on the discharge capacity of PVDs. According to the existing laboratory tests and field investigations, the discharge capacity of PVDs will decrease with the development of consolidation due to its deformation and siltation and so on. Based on this consideration, in this paper, the discharge capacity was assumed decreased exponentially with time, which resulted in an increase of the well resistance with time during consolidation. Then, a closed-form solution considering the time dependent well resistance for a vertical drain system was developed based on the equal strain condition. Comparisons were presented with some existing solutions for the excess pore water pressure and for the radial average degree of consolidation. The influences of the time dependent well resistance on consolidation rate were then analyzed and the application of the present solution was discussed.

The basic principles of USB peripheral interface of STM32 micro-controller is introduced, the main function of each file of the basic structure in standard peripheral library and USB firmware library are analyzed in this paper. The files of clock, interrupt, input/output are modified based on standard peripheral library of the STM32 micro-controller and examples in the USB firmware library to realize the keyboard input function. A report descriptor of the simple USB keyboard is added to the USB firmware library. A simple USB keyboard is designed to effectively realize the one-way communication between the USB keyboard and the computer.

This paper designed the design scheme of a visual simulation system for tower cranes, and described the methods of modeling scene and manufacturing texture according to the characteristics of Multigen Creator software and Vega virtual software. The five model optimization techniques including levels of detail technique, instancing technique, removing redundant faces, billboard technique and external reference were discussed in the modeling process. In order to improve system running speed, the methods of reducing the face number of the models and save memory spaces were investigated. Scene driving was realized in programming environment of VC++ software. Finally the scene modeling and driving of visual simulation system for tower cranes were completed.

The paper aim the remote monitoring system of energy consumption in buildings based on GSM/GPRS by a case, and introduces the system framework, operating mode, transmission technology, equipments and installation requirements, as well as illustrating software composition and function of the data center. The system can reflect classified electricity consumption in monitored buildings correctly. It not only understand situation of energy consumption in real-time, but also offers basic data for further energy auditing and energy efficiency assessment. The conclusion can develop management of building energy consumption and increase the building energy efficiency.

Finding out different situation of area environmental and instructing management, which to advance the using efficiency of environmental data information. This paper constructs clustering analysis module on point pollution analysis module based on SuperMap, beyond which, using the information of environmental pollution monitoring data at some typical area in Beijing, and employing 6 major indexes of National total Amount Control as variable, and 18 Industrial Enterprises as object which picked up from national statistical information system registered in typical district. According to pollution distributing, character and economic situation, obtaining the accurate interpretation for the formal results in the ordered sample cluster analysis at present. This paper gives a new method and way in environmental management of Industrial Enterprises.

Based on axisymmetric consolidation model, using a new initial condition derived from equilibrium equations and equal strain assumption, and considering the gradual variation of compression modulus and horizontal permeability of disturbed soils, an analytical solution was derived for the consolidation of composite ground with weak drainage columns subjected to an instant loading. Two types of variation patterns of compression modulus of the disturbed zone were considered. The consolidation behavior of composite ground with weak drainage columns was subsequently investigated in consideration of disturbance. The results show that without considering the gradual variation of compression modulus of the disturbed zone will underestimate the rate of consolidation; the size of disturbed zone has a greater influence on the consolidation rate; the larger the disturbed zone, the faster the consolidation rate is; the consolidation is faster if the linear distribution pattern of the variation of compression modulus of the disturbed zone is considered; the consolidation is slower if the exponential distribution pattern is considered.

Column consolidation and deformation are considered by assuming that the quantity of water flowing through the disturbed soil zone into the column is not equal to that flowing out from the column and the difference between them is equal to the volume change of the column. In addition, three patterns of distribution of the horizontal permeability of soil in the disturbed zone are also considered to account for the disturbance effect of columns construction on the surrounding soil. These three patterns include the constant distribution pattern (Pattern I), the linear distribution pattern (Pattern II) and the parabolic distribution pattern (Pattern III). By incorporating the aforementioned characteristics into the analyses, the governing equations containing two variables (i.e. the average excess pore-water pressures within the column and within the entire foundation at any depth) for the consolidation of a composite foundation are derived. The solutions of the governing equations are then obtained using a new initial condition derived from the assumption of equal strain and the equilibrium condition. On the basis of the solutions for excess pore-water pressures, the average degree of consolidation of a composite foundation is obtained and discussed. Finally, a comparison is made of some available solutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A theoretical study is made of the consolidation of a composite foundation reinforced by columns. A more reasonable initial condition for the consolidation of a composite foundation is derived from the equilibrium equation and the equal strain assumption. Then, the general analytical solutions for excess pore water pressures in the column and in the surrounding soil are obtained using this new initial condition under the influence of several important factors. These factors include: the gradual variation of horizontal permeability in the disturbed soil, the change in the total average stress in a composite foundation with depth, and the effect of time-dependent external loads. The general expressions for the overall average degree of consolidation of a composite foundation, both in terms of stress and in terms of deformation, are then derived. On the basis of the above theory, the explicit solutions for a particular case, which considers ramp loading and a linear change of total stress with depth, are given in detailed forms. Finally, a parametric study and a comparison of some available solutions are made. The results show that the average degree of consolidation obtained in terms of stress and in terms of deformation is the same; the increase in construction time, the disturbance intensity during column construction and the size of the disturbed zone reduce the consolidation rate of a composite foundation. For the case of PTIB (pervious top surface and impervious bottom surface), the increase in the ratio of top total stress to bottom total stress in the composite foundation accelerates consolidation.

To explore the optimal platelet aggregation rates (PAgTs) of aspirin users, which can ensure normal intra-socket clotting after extraction of a maxillary tooth with serious periodontitis, and to determine the reasonable time of pre-extraction aspirin suspension.Ninety aspirin users (100mg/d) requiring extraction of a maxillary tooth with serious periodontitis were enrolled and divided into anterior tooth group (group A), premolar group (group B) and molar group (group C). Each group contained 10 cases with aspirin continuation, 10 cases with aspirin withdrawal 3 days pre-extraction and 10 cases with 5-day of aspirin withdrawal. After preoperative light transmission aggregometry (LTA) using arachidonic acid (AA) as the inducer to each case, the extractions were preformed. According to the intra-socket clotting classification table (class I indicated normal clotting, class II-III indicated successively increasing bleeding amount), the evaluation for each case was implemented and the analysis of the impacts caused by pre-extraction aspirin continuation and suspension on intra-socket clotting was conducted. The research on the best cut-off value of AA-induced PAgT to predict normal post-extraction clotting was also carried out by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve, SPSS11.6).(1)There were 4 cases of Class II in group A (3 without aspirin cessation and 1 with 3-day suspension), 8 in group B (5 without aspirin cessation, 2 with 3-day suspension and 1 with 5-day suspension) and 11 in group C (6 without aspirin cessation, 4 with 3-day suspension and 1 with 5-day suspension). The other cases in 3 groups were Class I. (2) The best cut-off value of AA induced PAgT was 10.15%, 13.25%, 16.5% for group A, B, C, respectively.For aspirin users (100mg/d) who will accept extraction of a maxillary tooth with serious periodontitis, a detection of pre-extraction LTA-AA is profitable, AA induced PAgT≥10.15% for an anterior tooth extraction, PAgT≥13.25% for a premolar extraction and PAgT≥16.5% for a molar extraction indicate normal postoperative intra-socket clotting, so aspirin continuation is feasible under such conditions. Otherwise, post-extraction bleeding amount can increase and preoperative aspirin cessation should be considered. The reasonable time of aspirin suspension is 3 days for an anterior tooth extraction and 5 days for a premolar or molar extraction. Additionally, hemostatic measures on the surgical site should be strengthened.

Currently, there exist technology problems in cardiac output (CO) parameter detection clinically, such as invasive and complex operation, as well as possibility of infection and death for patients. In order to solve these problems, a noninvasive and continuous method based on NIRS for CO detection was presented. In this way, the concentration changing of indocyanine green (ICG) dye in the patient's arterial blood was dynamically measured and analyzed, so that the CO could be noninvasively and continuously measured according to the characteristic parameters of dye densitometry curve. While the ICG dye was injected into the patient's body by the median cubital vein, block of photoelectric pulse dye densitometry measurement system as the lower machine acquired pulse wave data and uploaded the data to upper computer. In the scheme, two specialized light sources of LED at 940 and 805 nm were used to capture the signals of sufferer's fingertip pulse wave synchronously and successively. The CO value could then be successfully calculated through drawing complete ICG concentration variation of dye dilution and excretion process and computing mean transmission time (MTT) by upper computer. Compared with the "gold standard" method of thermodilution, the maximum relative error of this method was below 9. 76%, and the mean relative error was below 4. 39%. The result indicates that the method can be used as a kind of convenient operation, noninvasive and continuous solution for clinical CO measurement.

Time-dependent convection diffusion equation, with a discontinuous data and large Reynolds number, is examined. This kind of problem leads to interior layer phenomena due to the discontinuity. The solution changes rapidly near interior layer. Traditional finite volume method is applied. Two efficient numerical methods are constructed. One is Shishkin's finite volume method. Another is Improved-Shishkin's finite volume method. Shishkin's finite volume method applies Shishkin's idea to construct mesh partition. Improved-Shishkin's finite volume method applies multi-transition points technique to reconstruct mesh partition near interior layer. Numerical experiments indicate that both methods are well fitted the property of interior layer. Both methods are uniformly convergence scheme. Improved-Shishkin's finite volume method is more accurate than finite difference method, which is constructed by Farrell in his previous paper.