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Abstract Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is crucial for companies to attain sustainable development, which is a key reference for assessing the value and growth potential of a company. Government subsidies can provide incentives for companies to prioritize environmental preservation, meet their social duties, and improve their governance performance. This paper empirically examines the effects and mechanisms of government subsidies on corporate ESG performance, using an Ologit multiple ordered regression model based on data from Chinese listed companies. We find that not only do total government subsidies significantly improve firms' ESG performance, but both environmental and non‐environmental subsidies also have the similar effect, albeit with different impact mechanisms. The analysis of the mechanism suggests that government subsidies can enhance corporate ESG performance by promoting green innovation, alleviating financing constraints, increasing charitable donations, and attracting social attention. This paper holds significant practical value as it presents empirical findings as a basis for reforming China's subsidy policies, showcasing the actual impact of diverse subsidy policies and the heterogeneity.

BackgroundStroke is a neurological condition characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to examine the mechanisms of acupuncture in stroke treatment.PurposeThis review provides neuroimaging evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in treating stroke using MRI.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), and Chonqing VIP (CQVIP), from inception to April 2024. Relevant neuroimaging studies on acupuncture for stroke were included, and the research findings were presented through charts and textual analyses.ResultsA total of 158 studies were included, and the overall methodological quality of the included studies was moderate to high. The results were divided into three categories: basic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and quality assessment of the included literature.ConclusionWe elucidated the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on stroke; however, the evidence remains preliminary. There is a need for large-scale, well-designed, multimodal neuroimaging trials. This review represents the first active use of an evidence map to systematically review and illustrate the current state of neuroimaging research on the acupuncture treatment of stroke, thereby providing a valuable reference for future research.

Abstract The global rise in prediabetes and diabetes, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being predominant, highlights the association between T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Patients with both abnormal glucose levels and HTG require increased attention due to higher risks of complications and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to find the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HTG in the abnormal glucose metabolism patients. We collected blood samples for RNA sequencing experiments and blood samples for validation in population. We have conducted RNA sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a 82-vs-82-sample-size population and insulin induced HepG2, RNA- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). We also explored lipid metabolism related transcription factor and the related protein expression and processed key lncRNA by both interference expression and overexpression, and the related consequences were rescued by its target mRNA. ENST00000540317.5 (LINC317.5) was lower in HTG with abnormal glucose metabolism and was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus in HepG2, inversely regulating the accumulation of TG and its target mRNA TKFC. Relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were decreasing, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) was increasing of the interference expression of LINC317.5. Interference expression of LINC317.5 significantly decreased the protein expression of ACADM and CPT1A, whereas increased the protein expression of FAS and ACC1. TKFC partly reduced the triglyceride (TG) accumulation of LINC317.5. In conclusion, we suggested LINC317.5-TKFC as a key for TG accumulation in the HepG2-insulin resistant (IR). These might provide information of non-invasive biomarkers for the HTG with abnormal glucose.

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the association between ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHM) and arthritis (AR), as well as the interactions of various indicators in ICVHM on AR in US adults. Methods We involved 17,041 participants who were interviewed by NHANES from 2011 to 2018. AR included osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic arthritis and other arthritis (Other AR). Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between AR and ICVHM. Mixed graphical model (MGM) was used to explore the interaction between variables in ICVHM. Results Higher ICVHM scores had a protective effect on AR. Compared to “≤1” score, the ORs of AR in participants with 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 were 0.586, 0.472, 0.259, and 0.130, respectively. Similar results were also found in different types of AR. ICVHM has a maximum area under the curve value of 0.765 and the interaction between blood pressure and total cholesterol was 0.43. Conclusions ICVHM correlates significantly with AR and is better at identifying AR than individual indicators. ICVHM can be better improved by controlling the indicators with stronger interactions. Our findings provide guidance for promoting health factors, which have important implications for identification and prevention of AR.

Objective: We aim to explore the association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), physical activity, and cognitive impairment. Methods: 2395 participants from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. The association of CDAI and physical activity with cognitive impairment was analyzed using binary logistic regression. A stratified analysis was employed for a sensitivity analysis of the logistic regression, examining the interaction between CDAI and each stratified variable. Results: Both low scores on CDAI and physical inactivity are associated with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Compared to the fourth quartile of CDAI and active group, the prevalence of cognitive impairment is statistically increased in other sub-groups. Conclusion: There is an interaction between CDAI and physical activity. The elderly population with low scores on CDAI especially combined with physical inactivity should be focused, so as to reduce the adverse effects of cognitive impairment.

Abstract Background The association between sensory impairment including vision impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), dual impairment (DI) and the functional limitations of SCD (SCD-related FL) are still unclear in middle-aged and older people. Methods 162,083 participants from BRFSS in 2019 to 2020 was used in this cross-sectional study. After adjusting the weights, multiple logistic regression was used to study the relationship between sensory impairment and SCD or SCD-related FL. In addition, we performed subgroup analysis on the basis of interaction between sensory impairment and covariates. Results Participants who reported sensory impairment were more likely to report SCD or SCD-related FL compared to those without sensory impairment (p

Physiologic hand tremors are a critical factor affecting the aim of air pistol shooters. However, the extent of the effect of hand tremors on shooting performance is unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the relationship between hand tremors and shooting performance scores as well as investigate potential links between muscle activation and hand tremors. In this study, 17 male air pistol shooters from China’s national team and the Air Pistol Sports Center were divided into two groups: the elite group and the sub-elite group. Each participant completed 40 shots during the experiment, with shooters’ hand tremors recorded using three-axis digital accelerometers affixed to their right hands. Muscle activation was recorded using surface electromyography on the right anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, biceps brachii (short head), triceps brachii (long head), flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi radialis. Our analysis revealed weak correlations between shooting scores and hand tremor amplitude in multiple directions (middle-lateral, ML: r2 = −0.22, p < 0.001; vertical, VT: r2 = −0.25, p < 0.001), as well as between shooting scores and hand tremor complexity (ML: r2 = −0.26, p < 0.001; VT: r2 = −0.28, p < 0.001), across all participants. Notably, weak correlations between shooting scores and hand tremor amplitude (ML: r2 = −0.27, p < 0.001; VT: r2 = −0.33, p < 0.001) and complexity (ML: r2 = −0.31, p < 0.001) were observed in the elite group but not in the sub-elite group. Moderate correlation were found between the biceps brachii (short head) RMS and hand tremor amplitude in the VT and ML directions (ML: r2 = 0.49, p = 0.010; VT: r2 = 0.44, p = 0.025) in all shooters, with a moderate correlation in the ML direction in elite shooters (ML: r2 = 0.49, p = 0.034). Our results suggest that hand tremors in air pistol shooters are associated with the skill of the shooters, and muscle activation of the biceps brachii (long head) might be a factor affecting hand tremors. By balancing the agonist and antagonist muscles of the shoulder joint, shooters might potentially reduce hand tremors and improve their shooting scores.

Abstract Objectives Currently, endometrial adenocarcinoma lacks an effective prognostic indicator. This study was to develop and validate a gene biomarker and a nomogram to predict the survival of endometrial adenocarcinoma, explore potential mechanisms and select sensitive drugs. Methods 425 endometrial adenocarcinoma cases with RNA sequencing data from TCGA were used to identify the most immune-related module by WGCNA. As an external test set, 103 cases from GSE17025 were used. Immune-related genes were downloaded from Innate DB. The three sets of data were used to identify the prognostic genes. Based on 397 cases with complete clinical data from TCGA, randomly divided into the training set (n = 199) and test set (n = 198), we identified CXCR3 as the prognostic gene biomarker. Age, grade, FIGO stage, and risk were used to develop and validate a predictive nomogram. AUC, C-index, calibration curve and K–M estimate evaluated the model's predictive performance. KEGG enrichment analysis, immune functions, TMB, the effectiveness of immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Results CXCR3 was identified as a prognostic biomarker. We calculated the risk score and divided the cases into the high-risk and low-risk groups by the median value of the risk score. The OS of the high-risk group was better than the low-risk group. The risk was the prognostic indicator independent of age, grade, and FIGO stage. We constructed the nomogram including age, grade, FIGO stage, and risk to predict the prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The top five KEGG pathways enriched by the DEGs between the high- and low-risk groups were viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion molecules. We analyzed the difference in immune cells and found that CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ T cells, T helper cells, monocytes, and M1 macrophages were infiltrated more in the low-risk group. However, M0 macrophages and activated dendritic cells were more in the high-risk group. The immune function including APC coinhibition, APC costimulation, CCR, checkpoint, cytolytic activity, HLA, inflammation-promoting, MHC-I, parainflammation, T cell coinhibition, T cell costimulation, type I-IFN-response, and type II-IFN-response were better in the low-risk group. TMB and TIDE scores were both better in the low-risk group. By ‘the pRRophetic’ package, we found 56 sensitive drugs for different risk groups. Conclusion We identified CXCR3 as the prognostic biomarker. We also developed and validated a predictive nomogram model combining CXCR3, age, histological grade, and FIGO stage for endometrial adenocarcinoma, which could help explore the precise treatment.

OBJECTIVES One of the underlying mechanisms of aging is chronic inflammation, which has been closely associated with daily diet. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) has been used as an index to track the aging process before diseases show clinical symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PhenoAge. METHODS In total, 9,275 adults aged 20 years old and over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved in this study. Dietary patterns were classified as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory according to the DII. PhenoAge was regarded as a continuous variable, and linear regression was used to explore its association with dietary inflammation. Stratified analyses by sex, age, race, physical exercise, smoking status, drinking status, and body mass index were used to test the sensitivity of these associations. RESULTS The median value of PhenoAge was 38.60 years and 39.76 years for the participants with anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets, respectively. A pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with PhenoAge (β=0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 1.14), compared with participants who had an anti-inflammatory diet. There was an interaction between dietary inflammation and age for PhenoAge (pinteraction

Abstract Background Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most important comorbidities in abnormal glucose patients. The aim of this study was to identify lncRNAs functional modules and hub genes related to triglyceride (TG) in prediabetes. Methods The study included 12 prediabetic patients: 6 participants with HTG and 6 participants with normal triglyceride (NTG). Whole peripheral blood RNA sequencing was performed for these samples to establish a lncRNA library. WGCNA, KEGG pathways analysis and the PPI network were used to construct co‐expression network, to obtain modules related to blood glucose, and to detect key lncRNAs. Meanwhile, GEO database and qRT-PCR were used to validate above key lncRNAs. Results We found out that the TCONS_00334653 and PVT1, whose target mRNA are MYC and HIST1H2BM, were downregulating in the prediabetes with HTG. Moreover, both of TCONS_00334653 and PVT1 were validated in the GEO database and qRT-PCR. Conclusions Therefore, the TCONS_00334653 and PVT1 were detected the key lncRNAs for the prediabetes with HTG, which might be a potential therapeutic or diagnostic target for the treatment of prediabetes with HTG according to the results of validation in the GEO database, qRT-PCR and ROC curves.

This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate whether vitamin D supplementation reduces blood lipid—total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG)—levels in prediabetic individuals. Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and WANFANG databases were searched for studies published before 13 February 2022 (including 13 February 2022). Five articles were included. The results showed that vitamin D intervention led to a significant reduction in TG compared with control or placebo treatment (−0.42 [−0.59, −0.25], P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that this effect was particularly significant among the studies that included obese subjects (−0.46 [−0.65, −0.28], P < 0.001), the studies that also included men (not only women) (−0.56 [−0.78, −0.34], P < 0.001), and the studies with intervention durations longer than 1 year (−0.46 [−0.65, −0.28], P < 0.001). Both relatively low doses of 2,857 IU/day (−0.65 [−0.92, −0.38], P < 0.001) and relatively high doses of 8,571 IU/day (−0.28 [−0.54, −0.02] P = 0.04) of vitamin D supplementation reduced TG levels, and the effect was observed both in Northern Europe (−0.65 [−0.92, −0.38], P < 0.001) and Asian (−0.25 [−0.48, −0.03], P = 0.03) country subgroups. No significant effects on TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were shown. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation might beneficially affect TG levels in individuals with prediabetes. Particularly longer durations of treatment, more than 1 year, with doses that correct vitamin deficiency/insufficiency, can have a beneficial effect. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero (CRD42020160780).

OBJECTIVES Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has brought enormous challenges to public health, becoming a major medical burden. However, the patterns, temporal trends, and all-cause mortality associated with NCD multimorbidity over time have not been well described in the United States. METHODS All adult participants were sourced from nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 55,081 participants were included in trend analysis, and 38,977 participants were included in Cox regression. RESULTS The 5 NCDs with the largest increases over the study period were diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, liver conditions, and cancer. The estimated prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, especially for middle-aged participants with 5 or more NCDs; in general, the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity was higher among females than males. Participants with 5 or more NCDs were at 4.49 times the risk of all-cause mortality of participants without any diseases. Significant interactions were found between multimorbidity and age group (p for interaction

Objective: To investigate the effects of foot sole insensitivity on the outcomes of the triceps surae muscle H-reflex and functional gait.Material and Methods: People with peripheral neuropathy were recruited and divided into two groups: people with more (n = 13, 73.3 ± 4.3 years old) or less (n = 10, 73.5 ± 5.3) sensitive tactile sensation. Their monofilament testing scores were 9.0 ± 1.5 (range: 7–10) and 2.3 ± 2.4 (range: 0–6) out of 10, respectively. H-reflex of the triceps surae muscles during quiet standing and their relationship with functional gait, 6 min walking distance (6MWD), and timed-up-and-go duration (TUG), were compared between groups.Results: No significant difference was detected for H-reflex parameters between the groups. The less sensitive group showed reduced (p < .05) functional gait capacity compared to the other group, 38.4 ± 52.7 vs. 463.5 ± 47.6 m for 6MWD, and 9.0 ± 1.5 vs. 7.2 ± 1.1s for TUG, respectively. A significant correlation (p < .05), worse functional gait related to greater H/M ratio, was observed in the less sensitive group, not the other group.Conclusion: Although there was no significant H-reflex difference between the groups, more pronounced tactile sensation degeneration affected functional gaits and their relationship with H-reflex.

AimsCognitive impairment is an increasingly urgent global public health challenge. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a literature-derived score that links diet to inflammation. The relationship between DII and cognitive impairment remains controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to analysis the role of DII on the risk of cognitive impairment by meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases were searched up to July 2022. Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist were performed to estimate the quality of studies.ResultsNine observational studies with 19,379 subjects were included. Our study found that higher DII could elevate the risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.26, 1.69). Meanwhile, the OR of cognitive impairment was 1.49 (95%CI = 1.21, 1.83) for cross-sectional studies and 1.42 (95%CI = 1.12, 1.79) for cohort studies, respectively.ConclusionOur meta-analysis indicated that higher DII (indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet) is related to increased risk of cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global problem that increasingly violates human health and quality of life. We explored the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential represented by dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the occurrence of MetS to provid data support for the prevention of it through dietary structure intervention.MethodsThe data was come from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018, including demographic, dietary, questionnaire variables and laboratory indicators. MetS was defined according to the criteria proposed by the American Endocrine Association (ACE) and the American Society of Clinical Endocrinology (ACCE). DII was calculated using the scoring method established by Shivappa. We divided DII scores into 4 quartiles, the chi-square test was used to compare the variable difference between DII quartiles groups. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between DII and MetS. We also performed subgroup analysis. A generalized linear regression model was used to explore the association of DII level and the levels of seven MetS related biochemical indicators.ResultsThe final sample size was 8,180, and the DII scores of the subjects were −5.50 to 5.22. The proportions of men, young people, non-Hispanic blacks, poor people, smokers, and MetS patients in the Q1–Q4 DII quantiles groups were gradually increased. The risk of MetS in the Q4 group which had highest dietary inflammatory degree was 1.592 (1.248, 2.030) times higher than that in the Q1 group, respectively (P < 0.001). After subgroup analysis, women, youth, non-smokers and alcohol drinkers were found to be more sensitive to the dietary inflammation. Then we found that the level of DII was significantly positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).ConclusionsIn the research subjects, the degree of dietary inflammation was associated with the occurrence of MetS and significantly affected WC, BMI, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. It is necessary to conduct investigations and early dietary interventions for women and young people to prevent the occurrence of chronic metabolic diseases.

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between different eating habit patterns and mental health problems among Chinese middle and high school students, and further to estimate the interaction effect of different grouping variables on eating habits.MethodsOne thousand three hundred and forty-eight adolescents from Jilin Province in China were involved in this cross-sectional study. Mental health and eating habits were assessed using General Health Questionnaire and questions on Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, respectively. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify eating habit patterns. Binary logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to explore the association between eating habit patterns, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and mental health problems. Interaction analysis was performed to analyze the association between eating habits and mental health in different groups.ResultsBased on the LCA results, a 3-class parallel model was identified: 648 adolescents (48.1%) were classified in class-1 “Healthy Eating Behavior/Eating at Home,” 452 adolescents (33.5%) in class-2 “Healthy Eating Behavior/Eating at School” and 248 adolescents (18.4%) in class-3 “Unhealthy Eating Behavior/Random Place.” Compared with class-1, participants in class-2 and class-3 were at higher risk of mental health problems, especially for class-3 (p < 0.05). The energy and nutrient intakes by different latent classes showed that adolescents who ate unhealthy had lower daily intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, Vitamins and minerals (p < 0.05). The interaction between age, sleep duration and different eating habits was statistically significant (p for interaction < 0.1).Conclusion“Unhealthy eating behavior/random place pattern” was positively correlated with mental health problems of adolescents. The adolescents with health diet were accompanied by fewer mental health problems, especially for that eating at home. And there were interactions between eating habits and age, sleep duration on the mental health problems.

Purpose: The project was to examine the influence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) severity on the relationship between Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) and postures.Methods: A total of 34 participants were recruited. H-reflex (H/M ratio and H-index) during prone, standing, and the heel-contact phase of walking was tested, along with foot sole sensitivity.Results: The participants were divided into three groups based on the severity of the foot sole sensitivity deficit: control, less (LA), and more (MA) affected with both feet 5.07 monofilament test scores ranging 10, 0–5, and 6–9, respectively. A significant group by the posture interaction was observed in the H/M ratio (F3.0, 41.9 = 2.904, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.172). In the control group, the H/M ratio of prone (22 ± 7%) was greater than that of the standing (13 ± 3%, p = 0.013) and heel-contact phase (10 ± 2%, p = 0.004). In the MA group, the H/M ratio of standing (13 ± 3%) was greater than that of the heel-contact phase (8 ± 2%, p = 0.011). The H-index was significantly different among groups (F2,28 = 5.711, p = 0.008, and ηp2= 0.290). Post hoc analysis showed that the H-index of the control group (80.6 ± 11.3) was greater than that of the LA (69.8 ± 12.1, p = 0.021) and MA groups (62.0 ± 10.6, p = 0.003).Conclusion: In a non-PN population, the plantar sensory input plays an important role in maintaining standing postural control, while as for the PN population with foot sole sensitivity deficiency, type Ⅰ afferent fibers reflex loop (H-reflex) contributes more to the standing postural control. The H-index parameter is an excellent method to recognize the people with and without PN but not to distinguish the severity of PN with impaired foot sole sensitivity.

IntroductionPeripheral neuropathy (PN) affects up to 20% of the population over the age of 60. Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) may assess PN adaptation by measuring the function of the peripheral neural system and central nervous system (CNS) modulation. This project aimed to find a reliable muscle among triceps surae muscles during standing and walking among the PN population.Materials and MethodsSixteen older adults (> 65 years of age) diagnosed with PN were recruited in this study. The H-reflex test was conducted on the muscle belly of the soleus (SOL), the medial (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during standing and walking (heel contact, midstance, and toe-off phases). All measurements were collected on two occasions, separated by at least 7 days. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the consistency of the H-reflex outcome variables in the repeated tests for all three tested muscles.ResultsThe ICCs of H-index during standing and the three walking phases were poor to moderate in SOL (0.486∼0.737) and MG (0.221∼0.768), and moderate to high in LG (0.713∼0.871). The ICCs of H/M ratio were poor to moderate in SOL (0.263∼0.702) and MG (0.220∼0.733), and high in LG (0.856∼0.958).ConclusionThe H-reflex of LG was more reliable than SOL and MG during standing and walking among older adults with peripheral neuropathy. It is crucial for future studies in this population to study H-reflex of LG, not SOL and MG, for more reliable results.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and new-onset diabetes under different glycemic states and to compare the predictive value of TyG−related parameters, obesity indices, and lipid ratios for new-onset diabetes.MethodsData were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), consisting of 6,258 participants aged ≥45 years. Participants were grouped according to their glycemic states. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to explore the association between TyG index and diabetes. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to confirm the predictive value of the optimal marker. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive value.ResultsTyG index was positively correlated with the risk of diabetes (hazard ratio (HR), 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56–1.97), and the linear association existed (p

AimsPrevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are increasing worldwide. Key lncRNAs were detected to provide a reference for searching potential biomarkers of prediabetes and T2DM in hypertriglyceridemia patients.MethodsThe study included 18 hypertriglyceridemia patients: 6 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, 6 samples with prediabetes and 6 samples with normal blood glucose. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to construct co‐expression network and obtain modules related to blood glucose, thus detecting key lncRNAs.ResultsThe green, yellow and yellow module was significantly related to blood glucose in T2DM versus normal controls, T2DM versus prediabetes, prediabetes versus normal controls, respectively. ENST00000503273, ENST00000462720, ENST00000480633 and ENST00000485392 were detected as key lncRNAs for the above three groups, respectively.ConclusionsFor hypertriglyceridemia patients with different blood glucose levels, ENST00000503273, ENST00000462720 and ENST00000480633 could be potential biomarkers of T2DM.

This study explored the roles of epidemic-spread-related behaviors, vaccination status and weather factors during the COVID-19 epidemic in 50 U.S. states since March 2020. Data from March 1, 2020 to February 5, 2022 were incorporated into panel model. The states were clustered by the k-means method. In addition to discussing the whole time period, we also took multiple events nodes into account and analyzed the data in different time periods respectively by panel linear regression method. In addition, influence of cluster grouping and different incubation periods were been discussed. Non-segmented analysis showed the rate of people staying at home and the vaccination dose per capita were significantly negatively correlated with the daily incidence rate, while the number of long-distance trips was positively correlated. Weather indicators also had a negative effect to a certain extent. Most segmental results support the above view. The vaccination dose per capita was unsurprisingly proved to be the most significant factor especially for epidemic dominated by Omicron strains. 7-day was a more robust incubation period with the best model fit while weather had different effects on the epidemic spread in different time period. The implementation of prevention behaviors and the promotion of vaccination may have a successful control effect on COVID-19, including variants' epidemic such as Omicron. The spread of COVID-19 also might be associated with weather, albeit to a lesser extent.

Widespread heavy metal pollution has aroused severe health risks worldwide. Curcumin has been reported to play a wide-spectrum protective role for various heavy metals. However, the specificity and difference in the antagonistic ability of curcumin against distinct types of heavy metals are still largely unknown. Here, using cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) as the typical heavy metals, we systematically compared the detoxification efficiency of curcumin on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity elicited by different heavy metals under the same experimental conditions. Curcumin was proved to have a significant discrepant antagonistic capacity when counteracting the adverse effect of different heavy metals. Stronger protective effects of curcumin emerged when antagonizing the toxicity of Cd and As, rather than Pb and Ni. Curcumin exhibits a better detoxification ability against heavy metal-induced genotoxicity than cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, inhibiting the oxidative stress elicited by heavy metals and reducing the bioaccumulation of metal ions both contributed to the detoxification of curcumin against all the tested heavy metals. Our results illustrated that curcumin shows prominent detoxification specificity against different types of heavy metals and toxic endpoints, which provides a new clue for the better and targeted application of curcumin in heavy metal detoxification.

Hamstring injury has been considered one of the most common exercise-induced injuries in sports. Hamstring injuries mostly occur proximal to the biceps femoris. However, the reasons and mechanisms remain unclear. To summarize hamstring morphological structure features and what the relationship is between their structure and risk of injury from the current literature, this review discussed the possible injury mechanism of hamstrings, from the morphological and connected pattern diversity, the mechanical properties, and the stress–strain performance, to probable changes in action control. Morphological and connected pattern diversity of hamstrings components show heterogeneous loads under muscle tension. Connections of gradient compliance between different tissues may lead to materials’ susceptibility to detachments near the tendon–bone junction sites under heterogeneous load conditions. The hamstrings muscle’s motor function insufficiency also brings the risk of injury when it performs multi-functional movements during exercise due to the span of multiple joints’ anatomical characteristics. These structural features may be the primary reason why most damage occurs near these sites. The role of these biomechanical characteristics should be appreciated by exercise specialists to effectively prevent hamstring injuries. Future work in this research should be aimed at exploring the most effective prevention programs based on the material structure and motor control to enhance the properties of hamstring muscle materials to minimize the risk of injury.

In people with peripheral neuropathy (PN), impaired plantar sensation can cause adaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in changes in the standing postural control, which is reflected in the variability of standing output signals. Standard deviation (SD) and entropy are reliable indicators of system variability, especially since entropy is highly sensitive to diseased populations. The relation between SD and entropy, CNS and center of pressure (COP) variability is unclear for people with severe PN. The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptability of the CNS to the severe of PN and its effect on the degree and complexity of COP variability. Here, people with PN were divided into less affected (LA) and more affected (MA) groups based on plantar pressure sensitivity. We studied Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) and standing balance performance with the control group (n = 8), LA group (n = 10), and MA group (n = 9), recording a 30 s COP time series (30,000 samples) of double-leg standing with eyes open. We observed that the more affected group had less COP complexity than people without PN. There is a significant negative correlation between the SD and sample entropy in people without PN, less affected and more affected. The COP complexity in people without PN was inversely correlated with H-reflex. We concluded that: (1) The complexity of COP variability in patients with severe plantar sensory impairment is changed, which will not affect the degree of COP variability; (2) The independence of the COP entropy in the AP and ML directions decreased, and the interdependence increased in people with PN; (3) Although the CNS of people with PN has a greater contribution to standing balance, its modulation of standing postural control is decreased.

Purpose: To develop a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with positive lymph node. Methods: T1 ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Final Results (SEER) database. The entire cohort was randomly divided in the ratio of 7:3 into a training group (n=457) and validation group (n=192), respectively. Prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Harrell's concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. The accuracy and clinical net benefit of the nomogram compared with the 7th AJCC staging system were evaluated using net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The nomogram consisted of eight factors: insurance, T stage, summary stage, primary site, radiation code, chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation sequence with surgery. In the training and validation cohorts, the AUCs exceeded 0.700, and the C-index scores were 0.749 and 0.751, respectively, indicating that the nomogram had good discrimination. The consistency between the survival probability predicted by the nomogram and the actual observed probability was indicated by the calibration curve in the training and validation cohorts. For NRI>0 and IDI>0, the predictive power of the nomogram was more accurate than that of the 7th AJCC staging system. Furthermore, the DCA curve indicated that the nomogram achieved better clinical utility than the traditional system. Conclusions: Unlike the 7th AJCC staging system, the developed and validated nomogram can help clinical staff to more accurately, personally and comprehensively predict the 1-year and 3-year OS probability of T1 ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis.

Background: Hyperglycaemia and diabetes have become major public health problems worldwide. There is increasing evidence that minerals and the vitamin B group might play specific roles in hyperglycaemia and the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes or metabolic complications. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mineral and vitamin B group supplementation on the blood glucose levels of different populations. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 were used in this study. A total of 8,322 participants (4,169 men and 4,153 women) were included in the study. Quantile regression (QR) was performed to identify the influence of mineral and vitamin B group intake on the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in individuals in different quantiles of FPG. Results: After adjusting for age, income, education, race, smoking, and alcohol consumption, FPG had a negative association with folic acid in individuals with normal or high FPG, with calcium in individuals with normal FPG, and with magnesium in males. FPG was negatively associated with folic acid and calcium in individuals with normal FPG, and magnesium in most of the quantiles for females. Discussion: Hyperglycaemia and diabetes are currently becoming popular research topics. However, little is known about how the whole continuum of blood glucose is associated with commonly researched nutrient supplementation in terms of hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Conclusions: The intake of calcium, folic acid and magnesium was negatively associated with blood glucose levels in individuals in different quantiles of FPG. Appropriate prevention and treatment strategies should be developed for people with different blood glucose levels.

Objective Traditionally, the absence of insulin resistance risk factors (IRRFs) was considered a low risk for insulin resistance (IR). However, IR also existed in certain individuals without IRRFs; thus this study aims to explore predictors of IR targeted at the population without IRRFs.Design Cross-sectional survey.Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Participants Participants without regular IRRFs (IRRF-Free, n=2478) and a subgroup without optimal IRRFs (IRRF-Optimal, n=1414) were involved in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measure IRRFs and the optimal cut-off value of triglyceride (TG) to predict IR.Results Overall, the prevalence of IR was 6.9% and 5.7% in the IRRF-Free group and the IRRF-Optimal group, respectively. TG and waist circumference were independently associated with the prevalence of IR in both the groups (OR=1.010 to 10.20; p

Background Natural disasters can indirectly induce epidemics of infectious diseases through air and water pollution, accelerated pathogen reproduction, and population migration. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of the main infectious diseases in Sichuan, a province with a high frequency of natural disasters. Methods Data were collected from the local Centers for Disease Control infectious disease reports from Lu, Shifang and Yuexi counties from 2011 to 2015 and from the baseline survey of the Disaster Mitigation Demonstration Area in Western China in 2016. Principal component regression was used to explore the main influencing factors of respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). Results The incidence rates of RIDs and intestinal infectious diseases (IIDs) in 2015 were 78.99/100,000, 125.53/100,000, 190.32/100,000 and 51.70/100,000, 206.00/100,000, 69.16/100,000 in Lu, Shifang and Yuexi respectively. The incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was the highest among RIDs in the three counties. The main IIDs in Lu and Shifang were hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and other infectious diarrhea; however, the main IIDs in Yuexi was bacillary dysentery. The proportions of illiterate and ethnic minorities and per capita disposable income were the top three influencing factors of RIDs. Conclusions TB was the key point of RIDs prevention among the three counties. The key preventable IIDs in Lu and Shifang were HFMD and other infectious diarrhea, and bacillary dysentery was the major IIDs in Yuexi. The incidence rates of RIDs was associated with the population composition, the economy and personal hygiene habits.