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The study examined the effect of teacher demonstration video on Polytechnic students’ achievement in Shorthand in Zamfara State. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental and control group design was used in the study. A sample size of 185 students was obtained from the two intact classes of the two polytechnics that were used for this study. The polytechnics were assigned to treatment and control groups through simple random selection. The instrument for data collection was Shorthand Achievement Test (SHAT). It was validated by 3 educational technology experts and 5 Shorthand lecturers. The instrument was later subjected to reliability test and the data was computed using Pearson product Moment Correlation. A coefficient value of (r) .75 was obtained indicating that the instrument is reliable for the study. Data gathered from the field was computed and used to answer the research questions using mean and standard deviation while hypotheses were tested using t-test. All the analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23. The findings of the study revealed that significant difference exists in the Shorthand achievement scores of polytechnic students exposed to teacher demonstration video and those in the control group. It also revealed that significant difference exists in the Shorthand achievement scores of male and female polytechnic students exposed to teacher demonstration video. Based on these outcomes, the researchers recommended amongst others that Shorthand lecturers should critically examine the need, suitability in use, easy in operation and the possible benefits which is attainable in the use of video instruction in his shorthand class before deciding to apply it in order to avoid futile efforts at the end of the lesson.

Background: Goiter refers to a diffuse enlargement of thyroid gland. It has a high prevalence in adult population in endemic areas where iodized salt is not part of the regular diet. Aim: We report the clinical profile of giant goiters seen in a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: A prospective study of all surgically operated cases of goiter carried out in a tertiary health hospital in Northwestern Nigeria, over a period of 6 years between January 2011 and December 2016. Bio data, duration of goiter, symptoms, geographical location, thyroid function tests, radiological reports and treatment were recorded and analyzed. Results: Ninety-Seven patients were operated for goitre during the study period. Out of these 19 (19.6%) were giant goitres weighing between 900g-3200g. There were 13 (68.4%) females and 6 (31.6%) males with M: F ratio of 1:2.2. Age range was between 39 – 71 years with a mean age of 53.2 years. Prevalence was high in the 41-60 year age group. Duration of goiter in 13 (68.4%) of patients was between 11-20years. Retrosternal extension was observed in 7 (36.8%) patients. Tracheal deviation was the most common risk factor for respiratory complication in all the patients followed by tracheomalacia in 8(42.1%). Postoperative temporary Tracheostomy was carried out in 4(21.1%) of patients. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 2(10.5%). No mortality was recorded. Conclusion: Respiratory complications are commonly associated with giant goiters, a pathology that is entirely preventive if diagnosed and managed at an early stage.

To determine the prevalence, aetiology and predisposing factors in patients presenting with hoarseness to Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto.The study was a prospective, hospital-based study involving patients with hoarseness ≥7 years. Demographic characteristics and information on voice abuse, smoking, alcohol ingestion and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were taken. Participants had laryngeal endoscopy using a flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy to determine the cause of hoarseness.A prevalence of 2.97% was obtained in the study, and the age range of participants was 7 to 78 years, with a male:female ratio of 1.3:1. The most common cause of hoarseness was laryngeal inflammation 38 (40.0%), followed by benign neoplasm 24 (25.3%) , malignancy 20 (21.1%) and trauma 10 (10.5%). Voice abuse, GERD and smoking were significant predisposing factors for benign neoplasm (χThe study showed that acute and chronic laryngeal infection and neoplasms (benign and malignant) of the larynx were the most common causes of hoarseness. Voice abuse, smoking and GERD were the commonest predisposing factors.

The significant changes taking place in the world have offered new opportunities for male and female-owned businesses. This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education and venture intention of female engineering students in Nigeria. A descriptive research design was used. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to collect quantitative data on the link between entrepreneurship education and venture intentions of Landmark university female engineering students. The sample size for this study was determined based on the entire population of 32. This study used purposive random sampling techniques for the selection of the respondent. Hence, each participant was given an equal chance of being chosen from the population in no particular order. Regression analysis was used to analyse the stated hypotheses through a statistical package for social science (SPSS). The findings revealed that effective implementation of entrepreneurship education elements stimulate students’ entrepreneurial activities, particularly among female engineering students. This study advanced knowledge and concluded that entrepreneurship education elements such as pedagogy, educators’ competence, and learning environment have a significant impact on venture intention.