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Kemampuan shooting secara efektif merupakan hal mendasar untuk meraih kesuksesan dalam sepak bola; namun, banyak pemain dari SSB Gorontalo United menghadapi tantangan dalam mewujudkan potensi mereka secara penuh. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menyelidiki pengaruh daya ledak pada otot tungkai dan peran kepercayaan diri pemain terhadap kemampuan shooting. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif, menggunakan pendekatan korelasi asosiatif dan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 40 pemain yang dipilih melalui teknik pengambilan sampel acak berstrata proporsional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert bersamaan dengan penilaian fisik, khususnya standing broad jump. Analisis data yang dikumpulkan mengungkapkan bahwa daya ledak pada otot tungkai memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan shooting. Selanjutnya, kepercayaan diri juga memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kemampuan shooting. Selain itu, daya ledak otot tungkai, jika dipertimbangkan bersama dengan kepercayaan diri, menunjukkan efek positif yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan shooting. Temuan ini menyoroti kebutuhan kritis akan pendekatan komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan komponen fisik dan mental dalam program pelatihan yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan keterampilan shooting. Hasilnya, penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi yang berharga bagi pelatih dan pemain, dengan menekankan strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja secara keseluruhan di lapangan sepak bola.

Florida’s craft beer industry has undergone explosive growth in the past decade, expanding sixfold from just 66 to 396 breweries, with an estimated economic impact of over $4 billion dollars in 2022. The craft beer sector is primarily small businesses that may lack large domestic breweries' resources and expertise to conduct in-house market research. Trade groups for craft breweries publish market research at the national level but do not often delve into state-specific nuances. This publication provides Florida breweries with data-driven marketing information on Florida beer consumers' purchase frequency, monthly beer expenditure, and preferred places to buy and drink beer. It includes a bulleted list of key consumer insights for craft breweries.

Rembang Regency has quite large fishery potential in 2021, reaching 87,292.9 tonnes in Central Java. One of the catches with high economic value is red snapper (Lutjanus sp.). Red Snapper is a demersal fish obtained from the operation of Danish seine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the condition of red snapper resources in Rembang Regency using the bioeconomic approach of the Gordon-Schaefer model and to analyze the level of utilization and exploitation of red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) in Rembang Regency. The research used a descriptive method with a purposive sampling method to collect a sample of 90 respondents who owned Danish Seine gear at Tasikagung Fishing Port. The results of data processing obtained Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) with a CMSY value of 2,002 tons/year, EMSY of 8,857 trips/year. The Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) calculation obtained a CMEY value of 1,936 tons/year, EMEY of 7,241 trips/year, and optimal profit of IDR 74,773,571,716 and the calculation of the Open Access Equilibrium (OAE) where a COAE value of 1,194 tonnes/year is obtained, an EOAE of 14,483 trips/year. The permissible utilization rate of red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) in Rembang Regency is 3,670,532 kg/year. In the last 9 years, an average resource utilization rate of 45% was obtained and an average effort level of 158%. This level of effort has exceeded the fishing limit, so it is necessary to reduce or limit fishing efforts. Keywords: MSY; MEY; Rembang Regency; Red Snapper; Gordon Schaefer

Introduction: Dental personnel are potentially exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, as well as to possible sources of infection. The same is true for dental students, for whom it is crucial to acquire knowledge on infection control and appropriate dental techniques during their training. Aim: The aim of the survey was to evaluate anti-epidemic regimens in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Plovdiv Medical University Faculty of Dental Medicine from December 2021 to July 2022. The sample included 158 students who were monitored for their use of anti-epidemic measures. To check compliance with the rules for prevention and control of infections, a checklist was developed. Results: Most of the observed students were in their fourth year of study (62.7%). Disinfection of hands was not performed by slightly more than half of those observed (51.3%) but 84.8% wore medical gloves during dental treatment of patients. When inviting and seating patients, approximately half of the students (46.8%) put on first their personal protective equipment (PPE) and this inevitably contaminated their gloves. The proportion of students who worked according to the requirements for complete wetting with disinfectant by spraying the work field with the optimal action time of 2 minutes, or until the disinfectant dries on the surface, was statistically significantly low (11.4%, z=13.72, p=0.000). Conclusion: In terms of infection prevention, the behavior of dental students is inadequate. Both dental students and dental practitioners need to increase their level of knowledge and adherence to infection control protocols. Pre- and post-graduation refresher courses should be included in the future infection control curriculum.

Purpose: To study the level of knowledge about hand disinfection and the application of routine disinfection measures in everyday practice among dental technician students from the Medical College of Plovdiv and practicing dental technicians. Material and methods: For the period September 2019 - January 2020, an anonymous 19-question survey was conducted among a total of 92 dental technicians. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 24. A p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the respondents, 34.8% (n = 30) were students, and 65.2% (n = 62) were practicing dental technicians. The majority (77.2% (n = 71)) rate the hands as a factor for the transmission of microorganisms from person to person, but for 16.3% (n = 15), the hands pose a risk only if they are visibly contaminated. Only 31.5% (n = 29) disinfect their hands for the recomended 30 seconds. When working with dental impressions and dentures, 59.8% (n = 55) know that they must always be disinfected before working with them. The most commonly used preparations for disinfection of impressions are alcohols in 44.6% (n = 41), but 22.8% (n = 21) wrongly only use water and soap. Only 1/3 correctly state that the finished dentures should be disinfected before being handed to the dentist. Conclusion: Effective communication and coordination between the dental laboratory technicians and the dental office staff are critical components of a successful infection control program related to dental care.

Background: Stress and anxiety are becoming more common and prone to occur among athletes, especially martial arts athletes in the pencak silat and karate, facing national or international level matches. One example of such a problem is during the National Sports Week Prequalification round. This condition blames the pressure from internal and external aspects (e.g., coaches) to win first place—the urgency to win the tournament results in an intensive training program. Karate and pencak silat are different martial arts, meaning that each has different stress, anxiety, and depression. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the level of stress, anxiety, and depression between the two martial arts. Methods: This quantitative study relied on a comparative approach. As many as 35 Gorontalo PPLP athletes from Karate and Pencak silat were involved as the research population. Some were selected as the sample using the total sampling method. All data were retrieved using the depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-42) by Lovibond and Lovibond. This questionnaire has been adapted into the Indonesian language. After the descriptive analysis of the data, the homogeneity and normality tests were performed as the data analysis prerequisite. Results: Following this test was a t-test to examine the hypothesis. The research results show no significant differences in the stress and anxiety levels of karate and pencak silat athletes. Interestingly, there are significant differences in the depression levels of karate athletes and pencak silat athletes. Conclusion: Reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in athletes is imperative to support martial arts performance.

Māori conceptualisations of ancestral environs and its connections to memory often reside in the realm of whakapapa (genealogy) having originated from Papatūānuku and Ranginui (primordial ancestors and gods), their loving embrace, and their eventual separation that carved the space for nourishing lands and waters. These stories of whakapapa were passed down intergenerationally through many Māori creative expressions, including waiata (songs), haka (posture dance), pūrākau (stories), whakataukī (proverbial sayings), ruruku (sequence of incantations), and karakia (prayers). This has resulted in a genealogically and environmentally derived Māori music theory. The disruption of settler-colonialism aimed to sever whakapapa from the memory as being reflected in our ancestral environs and within the hearts of Māori. ‘He Whiringa Wainuku’ refers to the weaving of water elements on earth and sets the imagery for decolonising the interconnections of whakapapa, land, water, and memory through Kaupapa Māori methodologies and Māori creative expressions.

Based on the problems presented by the researcher, the number of students who have low learning outcomes, only (10 students or 40%) who get grades above KKM (60) of 25 students of class XI IPA 2 SMAN 2 Muaro Jambi, and the rest (15 people or 60 or 60 %) does not reach the value of KKM (60). The purpose of this classroom action research is to improve the learning outcomes of PJOK Healthy social material using the learning method of scientific approaches in class XI IPA 2 SMAN 2 Muaro Jambi Academic Year 2021/2022. This type of research is a classroom action research (CAR) as many as two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, reflection. The subjects referred to in this study were students of class XI IPA 2 SMAN 2 Muaro Jambi, totaling 25 students and participants involved in this study were the teacher of colleagues, Kiki Kurniawan, S.Pd. The study time was conducted in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 school year in November 2021. The data collected is quantitative and qualitative data. Observations were made using sheets of paper, questionnaires, and notes, after which the data were analyzed using data reduction and percentages. From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the application of the scientific learning approach has a positive influence, can improve student learning outcomes shown from the data obtained in the first cycle of student learning outcomes which is complete at 40% increases to 92% in cycle II. The action taken by the teacher is to give re -ords in the form of a kind of food gift and provide a true story that occurs in the home environment about healthy social material.

Abstract Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is a chronic and progressive bone resorption following tooth loss. It causes deterioration of the oral environments and leads to the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and risk factors for RRR progression are still unclear and controversial. In this study, we developed a tooth extraction model using mice for analyzing long-term morphological and gene expression changes in the alveolar bone. We further applied ovariectomy to this model to elucidate the effects of osteoporosis on RRR progression. As a result, the alveolar bone loss was biphasic and consisted of rapid loss in the early stages and subsequently slow and sustained bone loss over a long period. Histological analysis indicated that ovariectomy prolonged the activation of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone. Furthermore, the expressions of Tnfsf11 and Sema4d kept increasing for a long time in OVX mice. Administration of neutralization antibodies for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) effectively suppressed RRR. Similarly, inhibition of Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) also improved alveolar bone loss. This study demonstrated that reduced ovarian function may be a risk factor for RRR and that RANKL and Sema4D suppression are potential treatments.

Smartphones are sophisticated tools that have a variety of interesting features and provide various applications. Thus, the use of smartphones is increasing in number of enthusiasts every year. The use of smartphones in early childhood can have a positive impact if used more wisely and under strict supervision from parents, but can also produce negative impacts outside the strict supervision of their parents. the goal of parents giving smartphones to early childhood children as an online learning media tool and also to add insight that has educational value. This study aims to determine the level of influence of smartphone use on social interaction in Al-Karomah Kindergarten, Lebong Regency, aged 5 to 7 years. As for the research method used, namely quantitative research methods using analytical surveys by case control. While the population is the guardians of Al-Karomah Kindergarten students, Lebong Regency. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that the data on the influence of smartphone use on social interaction in Al-Karomah Kindergarten reached 91 percent for the case category that frequently used smartphones and 9% for the category of rarely using smartphones. Based on the results of the analysis which states that the influence of smartphone use on social interactions reaches 85% for the frequent category and 80% for the infrequent category of smartphone use, this shows a positive influence on social interaction.

Stress and anxiety are becoming more common and prone to occur among first-year students who are undergoing the transition period from high school to university because new learning methods, when compared to undergraduate students will be more susceptible to depression due to the demands of completing a thesis. This research aims to difference in the level of stress, anxiety, depression of first-year and undergraduate students and differences in terms of gender at the Department of Psychology, Universitas Negeri Padang during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is quantitative with a comparative study and obtained 592 respondents using stratified random sampling. Data collection of a Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-42). The data analysis techniques are carried out data analysis requirements with homogeneity and normality tests followed by hypothesis testing with t-tests. The result as for the depression variable there were significant differences with percentages in the level of first-year students and undergraduate students of 22.7% (mild) and 20.2% (extremely severe) respectively. The high prevalence in the first-year and undergraduate students of college life is alarming. It illustrates the need for primary and secondary prevention measures, with the development of adequate and appropriate support services for this group.

This article aims to look at the dynamics of the toxoplasmosis epidemic with the effect of vaccination by increasing and decreasing the birth rate of infected with toxoplasmosis. The method used in this research is literature study and continued by using numerical simulation analysis. The research procedure used in this study is to simulate and analyze the parameters that affect the population. Some of the data used are secondary data on toxoplasmosis sufferers obtained from the Banda Aceh Health Office in 2018. From the numerical simulation results of the toxoplasmosis epidemic model with the vaccination effect, it was found that when the birth rate was infected with toxoplasmosis increased by at 5% then the number of individuals infected with toxoplasmosis, controlled individuals and the number of vaccinated individuals increases with the basic reproductive number Ro > 1. In this condition, there are no individuals who are susceptible to toxoplasmosis again so that vaccination for susceptible individuals can quickly overcome the spread of toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, the rate of births infected with toxoplasmosis decreases of 5% is obtained search population in the toxoplasmosis epidemic model has decreased with the basic reproduction number Ro

INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BAONJ) is a serious complication that has been reported predominantly in cancer patients treated with Bisphosphonate (BP). The level of knowledge of dental and medical practitioners, as well as patients, is crucial for its prevention. OBJECTIVES: To investigate patients’ awareness of BAONJ in order to evaluate some problems of the prevention, prophylaxis and diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective epidemiological study of 112 oncology patients diagnosed with Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw was conducted in the Clinic of maxillo-facial surgery of university multiprofile hospital for active treatment (UMHAT) “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, based on anamnesis, clinical examination, hospital documentation, and imaging studies. SPSS Statistics v.24 was used for statistical analysis, at a significance level p

Purpose: To investigate patient diagnosed with BAONJ in order to identify the presence of risk factors. Material/Methods: A prospective epidemiological study of 112 patients diagnosed with Bisphosphonate-associated Osteonecrosis of the jaw in 2016 and 2017 was conducted in the Clinic of maxillo-facial surgery of UMHAT "St. George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria, based on anamnesis, clinical examination, hospital documentation, and imaging studies. SPSS Statistics v.24 was used for statistical analysis, at a significance level p 0.05).; the last dental manipulation before the onset of symptoms was tooth extraction (52.68%), followed by removable dentures (21.42%). Conclusions: The investigation of identified in the literature risk factors with their occurrence in the studied population shows a correlation with the data of leading researchers.

This article discusses the role of parents in the digital age. The digital Era is characterized by the presence of technology, where there is an increase in the speed and flow of knowledge turnover in the economy and community life. Parents who are part of the information society cannot avoid that children in the digital age never escape from objects related to technology. The increase of digital technology in children's developmental life invaded many development phases that the child should achieve. Technology makes their lives faster (instant) and more efficient. Entertainment technologies such as television, internet, video games, iPod, iPad, and others have grown so rapidly that it makes a family hardly aware of the significant impact and lifestyle changes in their families. The education undertaken anciently differed from today's education. As new knowledge and technologies and cultural shifts are caused by thought patterns that are influenced by information obtained in a very easy way. It is demanding that parents always update/upgrade their knowledge in order to give direction to their children in a wise way. Parents need to accompany to avoid unwanted things so that the concern of parents and educators of early childhood in the digital age is the importance of the introduction of religious values, local wisdom, so as to fortify the child from global influences.

Microfold cells (M cells) sit at the gut epithelial surface to sample antigens and maintain local immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that M cells are feedback-regulated by M cell-originated osteoprotegerin (OPG) to suppress RNAKL-induced M cell differentiation, and that OPG deficiency alters both gut colitis and infection phenotypes.

Abstrak: Toksoplasmosis merupakan suatu penyakit pada manusia dan hewan yang disebabkan oleh parasit toksoplasma gondi. Penyebaran toksoplasmosis dapat dilakukan secara vertikal maupun horizontal. Penyebaran vertikal terjadi melalui ibu kepada anak sedangkan horizontal melalui lingkungan dan memakan makanan yang mentah. Lingkungan yang sanitasinya kurang memadai serta kebiasaan masyarakat memakan daging yang mentah mengakibatkan individu terinfeksi toksoplasmosis. Kebiasaan masyarakat Aceh dalam mengkonsumsi daging menjadi salah satu potensi terinfeksinya toksoplasmosis sehingga diperlukan sosialisasi dan kajian terkait pengendalian epidemi toksoplasmosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi model matematika epidemi toksoplasmosis yang mengacu pada masyarakat di wilayah Lhokseumawe. Model matematika dikonstruksi kedalam bentuk persamaan diferensial tak linier kemudian dianalisis kestabilan dari masing-masing titik kesetimbangan serta dilakukan penentuan bilangan reproduksi dasar untuk melihat tingkat penyebaran penyakit. Simulasi model menunjukkan bahwa ketika tidak adanya penyebaran penyakit toksoplasmosis maka tidak ada individu yang terinfeksi sedangkan ketika terjadinya penyebaran toksoplasmosis mengakibatkan jumlah populasi yang terinfeksi meningkat dan kemudian menurun dikarenakan jumlah populasi terkontrol ikut meningkat sehingga penyakit toksoplasmosis dapat hilang dari lingkungan. Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a disease in humans and animals which is caused by the parasite called toxoplasma gondi. The spread of toxoplasmosis can be done vertically or horizontally. Vertical spread occurs through mother and child, while horizontally through the environment and eating raw food. The inadequate sanitary environment and the community's habit of eating raw meat make the people infected by toxoplasmosis. The Acehnese habit in consuming meat is one of the potential infections of toxoplasmosis, so it is necessary to disseminate information and studies related to epidemic control of toxoplasmosis. This study aims to construct system differential non linear an epidemic mathematical model of toxoplasmosis that refers to people in Lhokseumawe area. The mathematical model constructed then analyzed the stability of each model equilibrium point and carried out the determination of basic reproduction numbers to see the extent of the spread of the disease. Simulation shows that when there is no spread of toxoplasmosis, no individual is infected. Whereas when the spread of toxoplasmosis happened, so the number of infected population increases and then decreases because the controlled population increases and toxoplasmosis can be disappeared from the environment.

A noncontact laser-ultrasonic technique is described that allows determination of materials anisotropic properties. Plane waves are synthesized by scanning the surface with a laser line source at judiciously chosen intervals. The identification of the stiffness-tensor components is based on the inversion of the phase velocities of these transmitted plane waves. The procedure developed is presented and applied to both simulated and experimental signals. The influence of the spatial extent of the laser source in the identification of the stiffness-tensor components is also discussed; the effect of the spot size is analyzed in the ablation regime for which the acoustic source is localized at the surface, whereas the influence of the optical penetration depth is quantified in the thermoelastic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines school suspension, the ultimate punishment for rules violation, as both a process and an event. The characteristics of students who are involved in expulsion processes are discussed, and the effectiveness of expulsion, the event, as an educational intervention, is considered. The consideration of school expulsion, the event, is framed within the processes and contexts that lead to and result from the act of excluding students from a school when they have committed an expellable offense. Public education is faced with the ever-increasing challenge of educating all children to meet high standards in the context of limited school resources and communities of families and children with complex needs and problems. Teachers are confronted with students who represent a significant range of needs and abilities. Non-compliance and misbehavior add yet another level of complexity to teaching situations, and the developmental safety of students may be threatened in situations where misbehavior disrupts the classroom process.

A better understanding of expulsion as an act, a process, and an educational intervention leads to an entirely different understanding of student behavior and disciplinary consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfold (M) cells residing in the follicle-associated epithelium of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues are specialized for sampling luminal antigens to initiate mucosal immune responses. In the past decade, glycoprotein 2 (GP2) and Tnfaip2 were identified as reliable markers for M cells in the Peyer's patches of the intestine. Furthermore, RANKL–RANK signaling, as well as the canonical and non-canonical NFκB pathways downstream, is essential for M-cell differentiation from the intestinal stem cells. However, the molecular characterization and differentiation mechanisms of M cells in the lower respiratory tract, where organized lymphoid tissues exist rarely, remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore M cells in the lower respiratory tract in terms of their specific molecular markers, differentiation mechanism, and functions. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a small number of M cells expressing GP2, Tnfaip2, and RANK is present in the lower respiratory tract of healthy mice. The intraperitoneal administration of RANKL in mice effectively induced M cells, which have a high capacity to take up luminal substrates, in the lower respiratory epithelium. The airway M cells associated with lymphoid follicles were frequently detected in the pathologically induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the murine models of autoimmune disease as well as pulmonary emphysema. These findings demonstrate that RANKL is a common inducer of M cells in the airway and digestive tracts and that M cells are associated with the respiratory disease. We also established a two-dimensional culture method for airway M cells from the tracheal epithelium in the presence of RANKL successfully. This model may be useful for functional studies of M cells in the sampling of antigens at airway mucosal surfaces.

Discusses the importance of international security. Significance of security on the ability to contribute to security structures; Impact of international security on the ability to reckon security structures of Europe and the world; Function of security in the international co-operation in peace securiting operations.

Background: Understanding the level of exposure to Lassa virus (LASV) in at-risk communities allows for the administration of effective preventive interventions to mitigate epidemics of Lassa fever. We assessed the seroprevalence of LASV antibodies in rural and semiurban communities of two cosmopolitan cities in Nigeria with poorly understood Lassa epidemiology., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten communities located in the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Abuja, and Ikorodu Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos, from February 2nd to July 5th, 2022. Serum samples collected from participants were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies using a ReLASV ® Pan-Lassa NP IgG/IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A questionnaire administered to participants collected self-reported sociodemographic and LASV exposure information. Seroprevalence of LASV IgG/IgM was estimated overall, and by study site. Univariate and multivariate log-binomial models estimated unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for site-specific risk factors for LASV seropositivity. Grouped Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was used for variable selection for multivariate analysis., Results: A total of 628 participants with serum samples were included in the study. Most participants were female (434, 69%), married (459, 73%), and had a median age of 38 years (interquartile range 28-50). The overall seroprevalence was 27% (171/628), with a prevalence of 33% (126/376) in Abuja and 18% (45/252) in Lagos. Based on site-specific grouped LASSO selection, enrollment in the dry season (vs. wet; aPR, 95% CI: 1.73, 1.33-2.24), reported inconsistent washing of fruits and vegetables (aPR, 95% CI: 1.45, 1.10-1.92), and a positive malaria rapid test (aPR, 95% CI: 1.48, 1.09-2.00) were independently associated with LASV seropositivity in Abuja, whereas, only a self-reported history of rhinorrhea (PR, 95% CI: 2.21, 1.31-3.72) was independently associated with Lassa seropositivity in Lagos., Conclusions: The LASV seroprevalence was comparable to that in other areas in Nigeria. Our findings corroborate those from other studies on the importance of limiting human exposure to rodents and focusing on behavioral factors such as poor hygiene practices to reduce exposure to LASV., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background and Objectives : Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rapidly emerging among individuals <50 years, termed as early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). This study aimed to probe variations in tumorigenic pathology and relevant manifestations (polyp and adenoma incidence) between suspected cases of EOCRC and late-onset CRC (LOCRC; ≥50 years of age). Materials and Methods : Between September 2022 and February 2023, colonoscopy-based screening data from 1653 patients were included in this study. All eligible participants were divided into two groups, depending upon patient age, where Group 1 consisted of 1021 patients aged <50 years while Group 2 consisted of 632 patients aged ≥ 50 years. Polyp samples were collected when identified peri-procedurally and characterized according to World Health Organization criteria. Results : Polyp detection rate was 42% for the <50-year age group, while this was 76% for the ≥50-year age group. Additionally, the <50-year age group predominated in hyperplastic polyp manifestation, particularly within the rectum and sigmoid colon. In addition, the ≥50-year age group had increased prevalence of serrated polyps and differing adenoma manifestations. Conclusions : This investigation served to highlight the importance of age stratification for CRC colonoscopy-based screening effectiveness, with particular reference to evaluations that are based on polyp localization within differing colon regions.

Background: The cost of population-based surveys is high and obtaining funding for a national population-based survey may take several years, with follow-up surveys taking up to five years. Survey-based prevalence estimates are prone to bias owing to survey non-participation, as not all individuals eligible to participate in a survey may be reached, and some of those who are contacted do not consent to HIV testing. This study describes how Bayesian statistical modeling may be used to estimate HIV prevalence at the state level in a reliable and timely manner., Methods: We analysed national HIV testing services (HTS) data for Nigeria from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, to derive state-level HIV seropositivity rates. We used a Bayesian linear model with normal prior distribution and Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to estimate HIV state-level prevalence for the 36 states +1 FCT in Nigeria. Our outcome variable was the HIV seropositivity rates and we adjusted for demographic, economic, biological, and societal covariates collected from the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and 2016-17 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The estimated population of 15-49 years olds in each state was multiplied by estimates from the estimated prevalence to generate state-level HIV burden., Findings: Our estimated national HIV prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.5-2.7%) among adults aged 15-49 years in Nigeria, which corresponds to approximately 2 million people living with HIV, compared to previous national HIV prevalence estimates of 1.4% from the 2018 NAIIS and UNAIDS estimation and projection package PLHIV estimation of 1.8 million in 2022. Our modelled HIV prevalence in Nigeria varies by state, with Benue (5.7%, 95% CI: 5.0-6.3) having the highest prevalence, followed by Rivers (5.2%, 95% CI: 4.6-5.8%), Akwa Ibom (3.5%, 95% CI: 2.9-4.1%), Edo (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.9-4.0%) and Taraba (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.6-3.7%) placing fourth and fifth, respectively. Jigawa had the lowest HIV prevalence (0.3%), which was consistent with prior estimates., Interpretation: This model provides a comprehensive and flexible use of evidence to estimate state-level HIV seroprevalence for Nigeria using program data and adjusting for explanatory variables. Thus, investment in program data for HIV surveillance will provide reliable estimates for HIV sub-national monitoring and improve planning and interventions for epidemiologic control., Funding: This article was made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)., Competing Interests: In this study, we report no financial or non-financial competing interests. All authors report no disclosures. The contents in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. Government., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

The objective was to investigate how teachers' assessments of children predict life satisfaction in adolescence. This is a prospective cohort study on the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 8,959). Information was gathered from parents, teachers and adolescents using questionnaires at the age of 7, 8 and 15. Response rates were 80-90%. Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed with Rutter Children's Behavioural Questionnaires for teachers (RB2) and parents (RA2) during the first grade at age 8. At adolescence, self-reported life satisfaction was measured with a question including five response alternatives. According to teachers' assessments, 13.9% of the children had high emotional or behavioural problems (RB2 ≥9). These assessments predicted life dissatisfaction in adolescence (OR(crude) = 1.77; 95% CI 1.43-2.20) in several models including also health behaviour and use of psychotropic medicine. However, introducing all the significant variables in the same model, RB2 lost its significance (OR = 1.28; 0.96-1.70), but good school achievement assessed by teachers was still a significant predictor. Life satisfaction in adolescence was associated with a variety of favourable concurrent factors. In conclusion teachers' assessments of children during the first school year predicted life satisfaction in adolescence. In mental health promotion, teachers' early assessments should be utilized for the benefit of children.