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The case presented illustrates a very rare chronic granulomatous disease called the Madura foot or also called mycetoma. It is a chronic granulomatous disease, caused by a contained infection that penetrates the subcutaneous tissues and spreads to the nearby bone by damaging the affected area's vascularization. Early diagnosis is greatly aided by clinical history and imaging, especially if the “dot-in-circle” sign—a pathognomonic marker of mycetoma—is seen on the MRI. Compared to ordinary radiographs, computed tomography offers a more accurate study of changes in the bone. In order to apply the appropriate course of treatment, it is critical to identify the causal species, which can be caused by either a true fungus (eumycetoma) or a bacterium Actinomyces (Actinomycetoma). Treatment can be extremely challenging and can even result in amputation, particularly if the diagnosis is delayed.

A rare disorder called congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is characterized by a diffuse fatty infiltration of the soft tissues of the face. Muscle involvement and related bony hyperplasia may coexist. This particular form of lipomatous tumor is rare and typically appears in childhood. It is congenital in nature. Collections of mature, nonencapsulated lipocytes that infiltrate local tissues and frequently recur following surgery define congenital infiltrating lipomatosis, a unique clinicopathologic condition. The best modalities are, CT scan and MRI since they can determine the extent of the lesions and reveal their fat content. The treatment of this disease is surgical as soon as possible to restrict their infiltrative growth and improve the appearance of the face. We describe a case of massive facial invading lipoma that was investigated using MRI.

Exostosis, or osteochondroma, represents the most prevalent primary benign bone tumor, often viewed as a developmental anomaly rather than a true neoplasm. This article presents 2 cases illustrating complications associated with tibial osteochondroma. The first case involves a 25-year-old patient with recurrent medial knee pain attributed to pes anserine bursitis secondary to tibial osteochondroma, managed successfully with surgical excision. The second case features a 15-year-old with similar symptoms and unsuccessful conservative management, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options for this condition. Discussion encompasses the clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities including MRI and ultrasound, and management strategies such as conservative measures, corticosteroid injections, and surgical excision. Recognizing and promptly managing complications like pes anserine bursitis in tibial osteochondroma is crucial to prevent chronic pain and functional impairment, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedic surgeons, radiologists, and physical therapists.

Ovarian dysgerminoma is a rare germ cell tumor accounting for 1%-2% of all malignant ovarian tumors and is generally associated with a good prognosis. The condition is more frequent in young women and can arise in dysgenetic gonads that contain gonadoblastomas. Imaging findings, particularly MRI, have a prominent role in the early and correct identification of ovarian dysgerminoma, the most common ovarian malignant germ cell tumor. On CT and MR images, ovarian dysgerminoma often appears as a large, solid mass. The edematous condition of characteristic fibrovascular septa can be well displayed by imaging, which can guide the radiologists to make an accurate diagnosis. This article describes 2 cases of patients with ovarian dysgerminoma who presented with pelvic pain. Imaging showed a right ovarian mass that was surgically and histologically confirmed.

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a rare WHO grade II glioneuronal tumor, characterized by a benign course and a more favorable prognosis. In this paper, we report a 52-year-old man, hospitalized in emergency because of clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure, and gait disturbances. The MRI revealed a lateral well shaped solid lesion within the left cerebellar hemisphere, having a low signal intensity compared to the cerebrospinal fluid, and causing a triventicular hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation. The patient underwent a direct approach of the tumor through a left suboccipital craniectomy. Total removal of the lesion was achieved, and the histological diagnosis was cerebellar liponeurocytoma. The tumor cell proliferation index was < 6 %, therefore, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were not implemented after surgery. After 5 years of close follow-up there were no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence.Our objective in reporting another case of this unusual tumor is to discuss clinical profile, radiologic and histologic features as well as treatment and prognosis of this rare posterior fossa tumor.

Wilm's tumor (WT) accounted for the vast majority of renal tumors in children (92%). However, there are many atypical or rare forms of kidney cancer, and it is certainly useful to have a diagnostic orientation in imaging to differentiate between the different diagnoses, guiding that way the therapeutic management.We report the cases of 3 patients who were initially diagnosed with nephroblastoma on the basis of radiological data (via PACS search), underwent pre-operative chemotherapy and then nephrectomy, and whose anatomopathological evidence came back in favor of benign renal tumors.Nephroblastoma is the most common renal tumor in children, but other benign tumors should not be neglected, radiological signs that may point to this entity should be taken into account, so that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with its enfeebling side effects can be avoided.

Prolapsed uterine tumors within the cervix or vagina, are attached to the uterine cavity by a soft tissue stalk. Malignant tumors and leiomyoma are the first diagnostic considerations for a prolapsed uterine mass with a visible stalk at MRI. This article describes 4 cases of patients who presented with large, necrotic prolapsed uterine tumors that were surgically confirmed and were diagnosed prospectively on the basis of MRI findings. Imaging, particularly MRI, plays a crucial role in the management of patients with prolapsed pedunculated uterine tumors, especially for pre-operative localization and surgical treatment. The 4 patients underwent a total hysterectomy with a complete resection of the mass. The histopathological report confirmed in the first case the diagnosis of a uterine leiomyoma with aseptic necrobiosis, in the second and third cases a sarcoma, and in the fourth case a serous adenocarcinoma.

The pseudoaneurysms of the cystic artery (CAP) are very uncommon. They usually develop as a result of an acute cholecystitis or after a cholecystectomy. Among the complications, we can find hemorrhaging, biliary blockage, and haemobilia. Limited understanding of the illness makes managing specific cases difficult. We describe a case of a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm complicating an acute cholecystitis that was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization.

Intussusception is a rare condition in adults, unlike in children, with a variety of etiologies. In most cases, it is secondary to tumors. acute intussusception on lipoma is very exceptional. We report a case of 68-year-old female patient, diagnosed with intestinal intussusception on lipoma.

Fibrosing mediastinitis, also known as sclerosing mediastinitis, is an uncommon condition marked by abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum. This condition may accrue either as an idiopathic condition or as a complication of an underlying disease process. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, most reported cases are incriminating abnormal immune-mediated hypersensitivity responses to Histoplasma infection. Other rare causes include tuberculosis, blastomycosis, and an idiopathic form that may be associated with other miscellaneous conditions. CT and MR imaging play a vital role in the diagnosis and management of this disease. We present a rare case of fibrosing mediastinitis as a late complication of tuberculosis in a 34-year-old man with a prior history of mediastinal tuberculosis, mimicking initially a neoplastic mediastinal process. We will describe this clinical case in the light of the literature and point out the contribution of radiological imaging in the diagnosis of this rare pathology.

Abstract Background Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most frequent malignant liver tumor in infants and young children. While it is rare, the brain seems to be the most habitual site of non-pulmonary metastasis. Case presentation In this report, we present the case of a 13-month-old girl followed for metastatic hepatoblastoma in the lung. She was brought to the emergency department with tonic–clonic seizure, and a brain CT scan revealed a single intra-parenchymal metastasis. Conclusions In children with a history of hepatoblastoma, the development of neurologic symptoms should prompt cerebral imaging, to exclude the presence of cerebral metastases.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor is an uncommon pediatric tumor that often arises from the kidneys but can also develop in other soft tissues including the orbits, where it is known as atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Orbital location is exceptional, with just a few reported cases. Imaging allows for an accurate diagnosis, but histological confirmation is required. The treatment is yet unclear but nearly often surgical, either with or without chemotherapy. In this report, we present a case of a neonate of 1-month-old with an orbital primary malignant rhabdoid tumor with synchronous cerebellar location. The patient was unable to undergo surgery, he had chemotherapy, and unfortunately died 1 week after following palliative treatment. We will illustrate this clinical experience and point out the importance of radiological imaging in the assessment of this uncommon condition.

Accessory breast tissue (supernumerary breast tissue) is due to the absence of regression of the primitive milk lines during embryonic life which extends from the axilla to the groin. It is mostly located in the axilla where it is often confused with the axillary extension of the breast, or any pathological process occurring in armpits. Ectopic mammary glands should not be misdiagnosed as it can potentially undergo the same pathological processes that occur in a normally located breast including benign or malignant breast tumors. We report the case of an intracystic papilloma arising from left axillary accessory breast tissue in a 63-year-old woman. The principal symptom was pain in a palpable left axillary mass without inflammatory signs. Subsequent imaging and histopathologic examination proved it to be a papillary tumor in ectopic breast tissue.

Post-traumatic testicular torsion is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 4%-8% of all reported cases of testicular torsion in the literature. Prompt clinical suspicion and intervention are crucial; as testicular torsion is considered a medical and surgical emergency that may lead to testicular necrosis. Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in assessing the integrity of the traumatized scrotum and facilitating early detection of associated testicular torsion. In this case report, we present a neglected post-traumatic testicular torsion in a 13-year-old child that led to orchiectomy.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is an uncommon uterine mesenchymal neoplasm. The primary extra-uterine location of ESS is a very rare occurrence.We present a case of a 39-year-old woman presented with severe abdominal pain, MRI showed bilateral ovarian tumors with heterogeneous intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), with restricted diffusion, including hyperintense areas on T1WI, not erased on T1-weighted fat-suppressed imaging, hypointense on T2WI, and not enhanced after contrast. This mass extended to the Douglas and invaded the uterine and the rectum serosa suggesting an underlying endometriosis. No abnormalities were suspected in the endometrium.The exploration revealed a friable mass arising from ovaries associated with nodules in the small intestine and sigmoid. The patient underwent bilateral adnexectomy and the anatomopathological study revealed a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma.This is one of the few reports covering the radiological features of low-grade extra-uterine ESS in the ovary which is probably secondary to degeneration of endometriosis with no evidence of primary uterine ESS.

Aortic coarctation is a congenital malformation that is relatively prevalent, occurring in approximately 5 out of every 1000 births. The narrowing typically happens at the aortic isthmus between the left subclavian artery and the arterial ligament. It is frequently associated with a bicuspid aortic valve.Generally, coarctation of the aorta is identified and treated during childhood or early adulthood. If left untreated, this condition can lead to a reduced life expectancy in individuals who have not received treatment.We present a case of a 52-year-old man who complained of chest pain, sputum, and hemoptysis persisting for approximately 2 years. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass, which was later confirmed to be a thymic carcinoma (on histological study). Additionally, an incidental finding of a thoracic aortic coarctation with a well-developed collateral circulation was observed.The discovery of aortic coarctation in adult patients as an incidental finding is rare and particularly uncommon in association with mediastinal or thoracic tumor pathology.Adult and elderly patients with uncorrected coarctation generally have a low survival rate, and the management strategies for such cases are controversial, especially when it is associated to other pathologies.Due to the complexity of therapeutic management and the limited literature available on postsurgical outcomes in these cases, making therapeutic decisions requires a multidisciplinary approach and personalized consideration for each individual case. This approach is necessary to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio and determine the most suitable therapeutic solution.

Mycotic aneurysms (MA) are a rare but severe complication of systemic infections, carrying a high risk of rupture, hemorrhage, sepsis, and potential multiple organ failure. Intracranial arteries are often affected and present a significant mortality risk due to cerebral bleeding and ischemic strokes. In this paper we describe the case of a 23-year-old female patient who presented with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis, followed by loss of consciousness. Cerebral imaging revealed multiple infarcts in both hemispheres and intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ruptured pseudoaneurysms. On transthoracic echocardiogram, she was found to have a left ventricular cardiac cyst with mobile vegetations potentially responsible for mycotic aneurysms and cerebral strokes. The patient underwent endovascular embolization for the mycotic aneurysms and cardiac surgery for the left ventricular cyst with satisfying clinical outcomes. Postsurgical analysis revealed the cyst to be of hydatid (Echinococcus) origin.

Adnexal torsion is a common gynecological emergency and a significant cause of acute pelvic pain in women. Hydrosalpinx-induced torsion of the adnexa is a rare situation and requires prompt and accurate management. Twenty-three years old nulliparous woman admitted in our structure for acute pelvic pain. The ultrasound revealed an enlarged right ovary with an adnexal cystic mass. We suspected the diagnosis of a right adnexal torsion due to cystic ovarian mass. Laparotomy revealed torsion of the right adnexa and a second large mass appearing to be a hydrosalpinx. Diagnosis of adnexal torsion is difficult and is based on a range of arguments obtained by anamnesis, clinical examination, ultrasonography and other investigations. Early diagnosis is important for preserving tubal and ovarian function, given the risk of ovarian necrosis in young women. Laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing and treating adnexal torsion. The treatment can be conservative or radical, consisting of detorsion of the twisted adnexa, with or without adnexectomy.

Epigastric abdominal pain is a common indication for consultation. In the majority of cases, medical history, clinical examination and routine biological exams allow for an easy diagnosis. Sometimes the symptomatology is unusual, in which case it is essential to perform a complete clinical examination and to use various imaging techniques to search for eventual atypical causes. Membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava is a rare cause of such a phenomenon. We describe a Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava in a 66-year-old woman with no medical history as a rare cause of epigastric abdominal pain. We will describe this clinical experience in the light of the literature and point out the contribution of radiological imaging in the diagnosis of this rare pathology.

Hydatidosis is an echinococcosis caused by the development of Echinococcus granulosus larvae in humans. The lung is the second most frequent site after the liver. The primary mediastinal and pericardial localisations are extremely rare.Ultrasound and CT scans play an important role in the diagnosis of this disease.We report the case of an 11-year-old female patient from a rural environment with a history of dogs contact, whose symptomatology consisted of chest pain, dyspnoea, all evolving in a febrile context. The imagery showed the existence of multiple mediastinal and pericardial collections. This patient was rapidly managed with albendazole (ABZ) and scanography revealed an excellent therapeutic response.Primary mediastinal and pericardial hydatidosis is a very uncommon disease. It can be unfortunately revealed at the stage of vital prognosis complications. Ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) are helpful for localizing and defining the morphologic features of hydatid cysts. It should be kept in mind, especially in patients from endemic areas.

We report the case of a 2.5-year-old child admitted for abdominal distension, whose imaging revealed a large posterior mediastinal cystic mass, with a tissue component, a calcification, and a minimal fat component. The ultrasound- guided biopsy led to the diagnosis of a benign extragonadal germ cell tumor, also called mature teratoma or dermoid cyst, whose mediastinal localization is rare, often localized in the anterior mediastinum, and rarely in the posterior mediastinum. The mainstay of treatment is complete surgical excision.

Primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare, often affecting children and young patients. Germinomas are the most common type of germ cell tumors. We present the case of a 10-year-old child, who was admitted with decreased visual acuity, asthenia, polyuro-polydipsic syndrome, and gait disorder. His biological assessment showed an hypocortisolemia and diabetes insipidus. Imaging found a bifocal process in the suprasellar and pineal region, suggestive of a bifocal germinoma. Imaging data and the positivity of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the cerebrospinal fluid were in favor of the diagnosis of bifocal germinal tumor confirmed by biopsy. Currently the patient is hospitalized in pediatric oncology department.The diagnosis of germ cell tumors is based on imaging, tumor marker assays, and biopsy. They are treated by radiation therapy alone or in combination with reduction chemotherapy, and surgery for tumor residues. The location of the tumor usually makes surgery difficult.

Hemangioma of the facial sinuses is a rare pathology, and given the lack of clinical specificity, the differential diagnosis with a malignant lesion often arises. We report the case of a 32-year-old patient who consulted for recurrent epistaxis of moderate severity. The preoperative diagnosis of a hemangioma of the left maxillary sinus was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data, confirmed by the anatomopathological study of the surgical specimen, preceded by an embolization that facilitated the endoscopic surgical excision.

Hemimelic epiphyseal dysplasia HED also known as Trevor's disease is a rare pathology, characterized by a developmental disorder of an internal or external half of one or more epiphyses of a limb, mainly the lower limb, and/or of the short tarsal bones in children and young adolescents, with a male predominance. Its etiology remains unclear. Its clinical symptomatology is variable, ranging from asymptomatic involvement to orthopedic complications such as limb length inequality. As the clinic is non-specific, radiological assessment is the essential diagnostic tool for Trevor's disease, including standard radiography, MRI, CT, and possibly biopsy in some cases. The radio clinical signs make it possible to establish the diagnosis, even if it remains difficult because of the rarity of the disease and the presence of multiple differential diagnoses which are often better known such as osteochondroma and exostosis. After diagnostic confirmation, the therapeutic decision remains debated, ranging from simple observation to surgical excision. The prognosis of HED remains good, given the absence of the risk of malignant transformation. Post-therapeutic complications are dominated by recurrence or the appearance of secondary osteoarthritis. Objective: This clinical case challenges us to keep in mind the hemimelic epiphyseal dysplasia (HED) in front of a mass that originates at the level of the internal or external half of one or more epiphyses in children.

Thymoma is a rare tumor arising from the epithelium of the thymus gland and is usually located in the anterior mediastinum. Ectopic thymoma is very rare and can be located in the neck, trachea, lung, and pleura. Through this manuscript, we report a rare case of a 50-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea and recurrent pleural effusion. Her computed tomography of the thorax showed a unilateral left pleural mass. Biopsy of the pleural mass confirmed the diagnosis of pleural thymoma and she was started on chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported pleural thymoma in our region.

Esophageal granular cell tumors (GCTs), or also called Abrikossoff's tumor are rare benign tumors originating from Schwann cells most commonly found in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and tongue. Approximately 5% –8% arise in the gastrointestinal tract, and one-third of these tumors arise in the esophagus [1]. This neoplasm has a benign behavior usually, but there have been described a malignant transformation in 2% –3% of the cases. Herein, we discuss a case of a 70-year-old male patient with no pathological background, admitted for dysphagia evolving in 3 months that was explored with endoscopy and CT, the diagnosis at this level was challenging but the histopathology and Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of granular cells thus confirm the diagnosis.The purpose of our work is to report the uncommon evolution of an Abrikossoff ‘s tumor located in the esophagus, as a warning of the possible malignant transformation of this tumor mostly benign; also we made a review of the literature.

Cystic hydatidosis is an endemic parasitic disease with usual localization in liver and lungs. Rarely it localizes in uncommon sites, the right ventricle being an exceptional localization.We present an extremely rare case of a young man with hydatid pulmonary embolism complicating right-ventricle hydatid cysts. Echocardiography, CT pulmonary angiogram and MR-angiography were performed for the diagnostic evaluation. Our patient did not undergo surgery. He was discharged on a regimen of albendazole, and is still being followed-up.Hydatid disease rarely presents with pulmonary embolism. It has uncharacteristic clinical features, requiring particular diagnosis and therapy.

A Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is an outpouching resulting from myocardial free wall rupture which is contained by an adherent pericardium or scar tissue. It most often occurs after transmural myocardial infarction, but may also follow cardiac operations, trauma, inflammation, or infection. In contrast to patients with true ventricular aneurysms, those with false aneurysms most commonly die of hemorrhage.Transthoracic echocardiogram, computed tomography scan and cardiac MRI are currently the noninvasive modalities, whereas coronary arteriography and left ventriculography are invasive modalities used for diagnosis. As this condition is lethal, prompt diagnosis and timely management are vital.We present a case report of a patient with no prior risk factors who presented for 1 year with palpitations during exercise and rest, as well as intermittent chest pain. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed. Echocardiogram revealed an unexpected outpouching of the left ventricle. A computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis by revealing a massive left ventricule pseudomanoeuvre. The patient was offered surgery, but he refused the procedure due to the surgical risk.

Cavernous hemangiomas are rare account representing 5%-13% of the intracranial vascular malformations and occur in approximately 0.5%-1% of the population. We report the case of 34-years-old woman, having a medical history of seizure, admitted for headache with binocular diplopia. The radiology investigation and operatory piece has shown an association of cavernous sinus hemangioma and frontal focal cortical dysplasia. This study highlights clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of this entity.

Optic nerve tuberculoma is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation of mycobacterial infection. It is usually associated with HIV infected patients. Due to its clinical polymorphism, the diagnosis and management of the disease either in immunocompetent patients and immunocompromised ones remains challenging. Herein, we discuss a case of a 32-year-old patient with no history of immunodeficiency admitted for multifocal tuberculosis with a reduced visual acuity as an extra-pulmonary manifestation, and radiologically revealed the presence of tuberculoma in the optic nerve in the cerebral MRI.

Thymolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the thymus containing both mature adipose tissue and thymic tissue. We report a case of a 34‐year‐οld man, presenting a mass of the anterior mediastinum, the radiology investigation and operatory piece diagnosed a thymolipoma.This study highlights the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic features as well as the evolutionary characteristics of this entity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerged pandemic disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). Initially the mortality of this infection are related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but several publications also showed that this infection caused an inflammatory response with severe systemic complications [1]. Venous thromboembolism has been shown to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, both in the general inpatient and in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and even in patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation [2].We report the case of an adult patient who presented a cavernous sinus thrombosis during his hospitalization for COVID-19.

Coeliac artery compression stenosis caused by the median arcuate ligament can lead to aneurysm formation in the pancreatico-duodenal arteries that can eventually result in a spontaneous rupture leading to retroperitoneal haemorrhage. In this case series, we describe the cases of three patients, all presenting with sudden epigastric pain, diagnosed as spontaneous haematoma, complicating a median arcuate ligament syndrome.

La torsion ovarienne est une cause rare de douleur abdominale aiguë chez l´enfant, elle constitue une véritable urgence diagnostique et thérapeutique. Le tableau clinique ainsi que la présentation radiologique est non spécifique. Le but de cet article est de comprendre la physiopathologie et de passer en revue les différents aspects radiologiques de la torsion ovarienne chez la jeune fille. Il s´agit d´une série rétrospective menée au Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant du CHU Hassan II de Fès sur une période de trois (3) ans, allant de janvier 2016 à décembre 2018 portant sur 8 observations de torsions ovariennes portées sur leurs aspects clinico-radiologiques et prouvées chirurgicalement. L´âge des patientes était compris entre 6 et 16 ans avec une moyenne de 12 ans. Le maitre symptôme était la douleur abdominale localisée au site de la torsion. Toutes nos patientes ont été explorées en première intention par une échographie pelvienne, couplée au doppler couleur. Le scanner abdominal a été réalisé dans 4 cas et l´IRM pelvienne dans 2 cas en complément de l´échographie pelvienne. L´aspect radiologique la plus courante de la torsion ovarienne était l'élargissement unilatéral de l´ovaire, la localisation périphérique des follicules ovariens et la position médiane de l'ovaire. La torsion touchait un ovaire sain dans 5 cas (62,5%), était secondaire à un tératome ovarien dans 2 cas (25%) et à un kyste ovarien dans 1 seul cas soit 12,5% des cas. Le traitement a consisté à une détorsion dans 4 cas ; une annexectomie dans cas 3 cas ; une détorsion associée kystectomie dans un cas.

L'anévrysme de l'ampoule de Galien est une malformation vasculaire congénitale rare et complexe de la ligne médiane dont le pronostic est grave, le plus souvent lié à un tableau d´insuffisance cardiaque réfractaire. Cette affection se révèle essentiellement au cours de la période néonatale et chez le nourrisson et est caractérisée par un polymorphisme clinique en fonction de l'âge de découverte. Le diagnostic est radiologique notamment grâce à l'angiographie cérébrale qui joue un rôle diagnostic et thérapeutique. A l´heure actuelle, le traitement de choix repose sur l´embolisation endovasculaire qui a amélioré le taux de survie. Nous rapportons un cas d´une malformation anévrysmale de l´ampoule de Galien chez un petit enfant de 3 ans révélée par des crises convulsives.

Le kyste hydatique orbitaire est une forme rare d´hydatidose. La localisation isolée orbitaire sans la participation à d´autres organes est rare, elle représente moins de 1% de l´ensemble des localisations. La plupart d'entre eux sont situés dans les angles superolatéral et super-médial de l'orbite. Le traitement de choix du kyste hydatique orbitaire reste son ablation chirurgicale. Cependant, elle expose à un redoutable risque de dissémination par rupture du kyste pendant la chirurgie. Le diagnostic préopératoire est important pour éviter la rupture du kyste et empêcher la propagation de la maladie parasitaire. Nous rapportons un cas de kyste hydatique orbitaire révélé par une exophtalmie d´évolution progressive. Ce cas a été considéré comme une primo-infection, car il n´y avait aucun antécédent de maladie hydatique ou d´autre localisation notamment hépatique ou pulmonaire aux examens radiologiques.

Accidental hydrocarbon poisoning encountered in children is often a cause of pneumonia without complications or sequelae. We report a new case of pneumonitis hydrocarbons complicated parenchymatous lung abscess in a child of 3 years following accidental ingestion. The particularity of this clinical case is the scarcity of previous study.

L'ostéochondromatose synoviale est considérée comme une pathologie rare et bénigne. Elle est due à une métaplasie du tissu synovial, laquelle va engendrer de petites masses cartilagineuses qui font protrusion à la face interne de la synoviale, puis, se pédiculisent et s’isole en développant des chondromes libres. Ces chondromes peuvent par la suite se calcifier donnant des ostéochondromes. Il existe deux formes : la forme primitive dont l’étiologie est inconnue et la forme secondaire. L’imagerie joue un rôle capital en posant le diagnostic positif cependant le diagnostic de certitude reste histologique. Nous rapportons 4 dossiers d’ostéochondromatose synoviale secondaire à une pathologie dégénérative et post-traumatique.

Les auteurs rapportent une observation d´un hémangiome géant hépatique révélé par un traumatisme abdominal suite à un accident de la voie publique. L´originalité de ce cas tient à la découverte à la tomodensitométrie d´un angiome géant du foie chez un individu de sexe masculin reçu dans le cadre du bilan radiologique d´évaluation de son traumatisme. Cette présentation clinique ne permettait en aucun cas d´évoquer un hémangiome du foie.

Le sarcome d´Ewing est l´une des principales tumeurs de l´enfant et du jeune adulte. Le sarcome d´Ewing extra-squelettique (SEE) est une tumeur maligne rare d'origine cellulaire mésenchymateuse de caractéristiques histologiques similaires à celles du sarcome d´Ewing osseux. Les sites de prédilections sont le tronc, les extrémités et le rétropéritoine. La tête et le cou sont des localisations rares. Les signes cliniques et radiologiques restent aspécifiques d´où l´intérêt de l´histologie pour le diagnostic. Nous rapportons le cas d´un nourrisson de 18 mois, qui présentait une masse parotidienne droite chez qui les examens d´imagerie objectivaient une masse tissulaire parotidienne et que l´histologie a conclu à un sarcome d´Ewing extra-squelettique. L´intérêt de ce dossier réside dans la localisation inhabituelle de la tumeur.

L'atrophie multisystématisée (AMS) est une affection neurodégénérative de l'adulte, d'évolution progressive et de pronostic sévère, affectant les voies pyramidales, extrapyramidales, cérébelleuses ainsi que le système nerveux autonome. Les critères diagnostiques sont essentiellement cliniques permettant le diagnostic d'AMS avec deux degrés de certitude: « possible » et « probable »; le caractère certain étant apporté par l'examen anatomopathologique. L´imagerie en particulier, l'IRM cérébrale peut montrer une atrophie putaminale, pontique et des pédoncules cérébelleux moyens. Nous rapportons le cas d´une femme, âgée de 56 ans, atteinte d´AMS dont l´évolution fut marquée par l´installation progressive d´un syndrome démentiel sévère. L´examen neuro-pathologique confirma le diagnostic d´AMS et révéla la présence de marqueurs histologiques de maladie d´Alzheimer. Cette association nosologique est extrêmement rare dans la littérature. Cette observation confirme que la survenue d´une démence sévère au cours de l´évolution d´une AMS doit faire rechercher une cause associée et souligne l´utilité d´une vérification anatomique en cas d´atypie clinique. L´intérêt de notre travail réside dans la rareté de la pathologie.

Décrite en 1910 par un radiologue autrichien, Robert Kienböck, la maladie de Kienböck ou ostéonécrose aseptique du lunatum est une affection rare dont l´histoire naturelle évolue vers un collapsus progressif du carpe avec évolution dégénérative secondaire. La négativité de l´index radio ulnaire inférieur et sa vascularisation précaire sont les principaux facteurs prédisposants. Elle peut être asymptomatique ou se manifester par la douleur et l´impotence fonctionnelle. L´imagerie confirme le diagnostic, détermine le stade évolutif permettant ainsi un choix thérapeutique adéquat. Nous rapportons les observations de quatre patients chez qui le diagnostic de maladie de Kienböck a été porté. Nous discuterons du rôle de l´imagerie dans le diagnostic et la prise en charge.

La maladie de Creutzfeld-Jacob (MCJ) est une affection très rare et fatale qui atteint le système nerveux central. Elle est caractérisée par une détérioration mentale aboutissant à une démence progressive, une symptomatologie pyramidale et extra-pyramidale ainsi que des myolclonies. Un diagnostic précoce est essentiel pour prévenir la transmission interhumaine. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient âgé de 62 ans chez qui le diagnostic de MCJ sporadique a été retenu, en se basant sur le tableau clinique fait de syndrome démentiel avec myoclonies précédées de troubles du comportement, des hallucinations et de dépression, et sur les données de l'IRM encéphalique qui a montré des hyper signaux au niveau du striatum et au niveau cortical en séquences pondérées Flair et diffusion.

Le syndrome des antisynthétases (SAS) est une myopathie inflammatoire fréquemment associée à une atteinte pulmonaire, surtout parenchymateuse (pneumopathie infiltrante diffuse). Les manifestations extrathoraciques associées à l'atteinte pulmonaire peuvent orienter le diagnostic: myalgies, polyarthralgies, syndrome de Raynaud, hyperkératose érythémateuse palmaire fissuraire et fièvre. Devant un tableau clinique et radiologique évocateur, la présence d'anticorps anti-ARNt synthétases permet de confirmer notamment les anti-Jo1. L'atteinte pulmonaire constitue un facteur pronostic majeur d'où l'indication une thérapie immunosuppressive intensive fondée sur la corticothérapie, les immunosuppresseurs ou l'association des deux. Une meilleure sensibilisation pour cette affection à révélation pulmonaire permettra d'adopter une prise en charge rapide et adéquate, et d'améliorer par conséquent le pronostic.