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RESUMEN Introducción Desde el descubrimiento del virus SARSCoV-2 la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RT-PCR) se ha convertido en el método fundamental para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en su fase aguda. El objetivo es describir la serie basada en la demanda de determinaciones de RT-PCR recibidas en un Servicio de Microbiología en un hospital de tercer nivel de referencia durante tres meses desde el inicio de la epidemia por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo del total de las RT-PCR solicitadas en el servicio de microbiología analizado desde el 25 de febrero de 2020 al 26 de mayo de 2020 (90 días). Se agruparon por semanas epidemiológicas y servicio peticionario. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por edad, género y número de solicitudes por paciente. Se consideró significativo un nivel de confianza del 95% (p

Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of techniques to detect microorganisms that can be employed to diagnose the most common infections affecting critically ill patients. Table containing description of emerging and current techniques to detect microorganism that can be applied to the most common critically ill patients��� infections, including the most important advantages and disadvantages.

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Irene Merino Pérez para obtener el título de Doctora en Ciències de la Terra por la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizada bajo la dirección del Dr. César Rodríguez Ranero y del Dr. alentí Sallarès Casas del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 217 pages, figures, tables, appendixes, In this PhD work, I carried out a geophysical and geological study of two classical examples of rifted continental margins: the Gulf of Lions, located in the Western Mediterranean, and the Tagus Abyssal Plain, located in the West Iberia margin. Despite the numerous previous studies performed in these two margins, there is an open debate on their crustal structure and on the processes that led to their formation. My study aims to 1) determining the nature of rocks forming the main geological domains of the basin based on a new methodological approach, 2) defining the tectonic structure of the basement and 3) placing constrains and discussing the kinematics and tectonic and magmatic mechanisms involved in the formation of these basins. To study the Gulf of Lions and Ligurian basin, I used a geophysical data set acquired during the SARDINIA-2006 survey. It was conducted on board the French R/V L’Atalante, by the L'Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer) (France). In particular, I used seismic records along three spatially consecutive Multi-Channel Seismic (MCS) lines and a collocated Wide-Angle Seismic (WAS) profile recorded by a set of Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) during the shooting of the MCS lines. Altogether, these lines cover a 467-km-long seismic transect that runs NW-SE across the Gulf of Lions until the central part of the Liguro-Provençal basin. [...], The author of this thesis has benefited from a four-year “Formación de Personal Investigador” (FPI) fellowship (reference BES-2016-077786) in the framework of the FRAME project (reference CTM2015-71766-R), funded by the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion” (MICINN) between 2016 and 2021. The author carried out, within the framework of the FPI, a 3 months-stay at the Geophysics Section of the DIAS Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (Dublin, Ireland). For the first part of this thesis, the seismic data used in this study was collected by French R/V L’Atalante in 2006. We do not use any new data. All data come from previously published sources, and are available through (Gallier et al., 2009) and (Moulin et al., 2015). For the second part of the thesis, the data used was acquired within the framework of the FRAME project (reference CTM2015-71766-R) onboard of the R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa. This work was carried out within the Grup de Recerca Consolidat de la Generalitat de Catalunya Barcelona Centre for Subsurface Imaging (B-CSI) (2014SGR940). The group computer and software facilities have been largely funded with the projects Kaleidoscope, CO-DOS, Geomargen-2, Geomargen-3, Geomargen-4, Geomargen-5, Geomargen-6, and CODOS-Phase2 funded by Repsol

Introduction: Healthcare-associated (HCA) infections represent a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to compare community-onset healthcare associated (CO-HCA) bacteremic urinary tract infections (BUTI) and hospital-acquired (HA)-BUTI with special focus on multidrug resistances (MDR) and outcomes. Methods: ITUBRAS-project is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with HCA-BUTI. All consecutive hospitalized adult patients with CO-HCA-BUTI or HA-BUTI episode were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were: patients \ 18 years old, non-hospitalized patients, bacteremia from another source or primary bacteremia, non-healthcare related infections and infections caused by unusual pathogens of the urinary tract. Th main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality with day 1 as the first day of positive blood culture. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with clinical cure at hospital discharge and with receiving inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment. Cox regression was used to evaluate 30-day all-cause mortality. Results: Four hundred forty-three episodes were included, 223 CO-HCA-BUTI. Patients with CO-HCA-BUTI were older (p \ 0.001) and had more underlying diseases (p = 0.029) than those with HA-BUTI. The severity of the acute illness (Pitt score) was also higher in CO-HCABUTI (p = 0.026). Overall, a very high rate of MDR profiles (271/443, 61.2%) was observed, with no statistical differences between groups. In multivariable analysis, inadequate empirical treatment was associated with MDR profile (aOR 3.35; 95% CI 1.77?6.35), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (aOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.27?6.44) and Charlson index (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01?1.23). Mortality was not associated with the site of acquisition of the infection or the presence of MDR profile. However, in the logistic regression analyses patients with CO-HCA-BUTI (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40?0.93) were less likely to present clinical cure. Conclusion: The rate of MDR infections was worryingly high in our study. No differences in MDR rates were found between CO-HCA-BUTI and HA-BUTI, in the probability of receiving inappropriate empirical treatment or in 30-day mortality. However, CO-HCA-BUTIs were associated with worse clinical cure. Funding. This study and the journal’s Rapid Service Fee are sponsored and funded by MSD Spain. The study was also supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0004, RD16/ 0016/0005, RD16/0016/0007, RD16/0016/0010, RD16/0016/0011 and RD16/0016/0015), co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’ (ERDF), Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020.

En el presente trabajo se ha hecho un análisis de la tipología de goles que han anotado los cuatro primeros equipos de las cinco grandes ligas europeas de fútbol (La Liga, Premier League, Ligue 1, Bundesliga y Serie A) en la temporada 2018/2019 atendiendo a seis variables distintas, según el momento del partido (primera y segunda parte), según la superficie de golpeo (pie, cabeza u otro), según el tipo de jugada (juego abierto o jugada a balón parado), según la zona del campo (área de meta, área grande o fuera del área), según la dirección a portería (arriba o abajo y derecha, izquierda o centro) y según el jugador que anota (delantero, centrocampista, defensa o portero). Contábamos con una muestra de 1454 goles (n=1454) y 744 partidos. Los principales resultados de nuestra investigación mostraron que las medias eran similares en todas las variables. No existían diferencias significativas entre los goles anotados entre las ligas. Los datos los hemos obtenido de la página whoscored y de un exhaustivo análisis de vídeo. In the present work, an analysis has been made of the type of goals scored by the first four teams of the five major European football leagues (La Liga, Premier League, Ligue 1, Bundesliga and Serie A) in the 2018/2019 season. attending to six different variables, according to the moment of the match (first and second half), according to the hitting surface (foot, head or other), according to the type of play (open game or set pieces), according to the area of the field (goal area, large area or outside the area), according to the direction of goal (up or down and right, left or center) and according to the player who scores (striker, midfielder, defender or goalkeeper). We had a sample of 1,454 goals (n = 1,454) and 744 games. The main results of our research showed that the means were similar in all the variables. There were no significant differences between the goals scored between the leagues. We have obtained the data from the whoscored page and an exhaustive video analysis. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, 7-12 April 2019, Vienna, Austria.-- 1 page, We present seismic data collected in summer 2018 of the structure of the opening of the central Atlantic in NW Africa, and the west Iberia Mesozoic rift basins and rifted margins. We obtained crustal-scale seismic images collected with a large tuned source and a 6-km-long streamer, and new coincident wide-angle seismic data with ~10-km-spaced OBSs. Our cross-sections were collected in transects in regions where previous work from the 1980 to mid 1990's collected some of the most emblematic geophysical cross-sections. New images of the Galicia Interior Basin (GIB) display prominent thinning at the basin center with an asymmetric tectonic and crustal structure, indicating that extension stopped when the basin was in the latest phase before break up. The basin is characterized by large-scale normal faults that are laterally bounded by transfer fault structures. New Vp models from the Iberia abyssal plain indicate that the crustal structure is more complex than models with lower resolution -widely used in geological interpretations- have inferred. The new data preliminarily supports that the exhumed mantle may contain magmatic bodies and that continental break up may have occurred before mantle exhumation. Comparison of observations from Iberia and Tagus Abyssal Plains display the transition from exhumed mantle to the oceanic crust across the J-anomaly ridge, providing data of on the interaction between magma and tectonics. Seismic images from NW Africa display a rather different structure, with upper Triassic evaporite diapirs extruding from fault-blocks of highly-extended possibly continental crust, with Early Jurassic (drilled) synrift deposits in tilted blocks. Here, a rather abrupt continental slope is followed by a deep-water basin underlain by perhaps as much as 100 km of highly-extended continental crust

American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, 9-13 December 2019, San Francisco, The Gulf of Lions margin is located in the West Mediterranean Sea and opened as a back-arc basin from the end of Eocene to the Miocene. Previous studies of this area modelled and interpreted seismic data to explain the geological processes that lead to the formation of this margin. These works show the presence of a particular continent-ocean transition zone (COT) where crustal velocity structure is atypical. The objective of this study is to use advanced joint refraction and reflection tomography (TTT) tools to obtain higher-resolution models that allow (1) characterizing the nature of the crust along the Gulf of Lions margin, and (2) defining the structure of the margin, especially in the COT zone. We present a new velocity model obtained using a joint TTT of two different active-source seismic data sets: ocean bottom seismic (OBS) data and long-streamer data (MSC data). OBS-derived images show the Vp structure of the crust and uppermost mantle and the geometry of the Moho along the basin axis. Additionally, the long-streamer tomographic image shows the Vp structure of the post-rift section in detail, providing insights into basin-scale processes that occurred after lithospheric extension. The joint TTT allows us to invert the main geological horizons of the margin identified in the OBS and MCS images and, for the first time in this area, also to jointly invert the geological horizons present and identified in both data sets. Our results show a Vp velocity model that display three distinct domains. Domain I shows a structure that corresponds to thin continental crust. Here the crust thins from 15 to 5 km by a system of normal faults. The upper crust has Vp between 5 to 6 km/s and the lower crust with velocities ranging from ~6.0 km/s to ~7.5 km/s. The lithospheric mantle has a velocity around 8.0 km/s along the entire modeled profile. Domain II, which is interpreted as the COT zone, displays a well-delimited lens-shaped body with high crustal velocities (6.0-7.5 km/s). In the central part of the Domain II, where the lens-shaped body is thickest, its top coincides with the top of the basement. The Domain III is characterized by a 4-km thickness crust and velocities ranging from 5.5 to 6 km/s. Based on their markedly different Vp distribution, we argue that Domain II and Domain III might be not genetically linked

Este trabajo nace con la idea de dar visibilidad a un tema muy presente en la sociedad actual: la violencia adolescente. En la actualidad, los padres o las figuras de autoridad son muy permisivos con sus hijos, ya que en el mundo en el que vivimos existen muchas facilidades que les permiten otorgarles los caprichos que deseen, por ello, sus hijos en la época de la adolescencia deciden revelarse y no admiten un no por respuesta. Ahí es donde comienza la violencia juvenil. En el reportaje Un ejército de pequeños tiranos se explica los diferentes motivos de esta conducta, las consecuencias que genera en el propio adolescente y en su entorno, las formas de manifestar la violencia, los diferentes comportamientos según el entorno y las posibles soluciones para prevenirla. Todo ellos a través de la voz de diversos profesionales como son: psicólogos, sociólogos, abogados y el testimonio principal sobre la evolución de una adolescente violenta a través de las declaraciones de su hermana como principal fuente., This work was born with the idea of giving visibility to a topic very present in today’s society: adolescent violence. At present, parents or figures of authority are very permissive towards their children, since in the world in which we live there are many facilities that allow them to grant them the whims they want, Therefore, their children in the adolescence decide to reveal themselves and do not admit no by answer. That’s where youth violence begins. In the report An army of small tyrants explains the different reasons for this behavior, the consequences it generates in the adolescent himself and in his environment, the ways of manifesting the violence, the different behaviors according to the environment and the possible solutions to prevent it. All of them through the voice of different professionals such as: psychologists, sociologists, lawyers and the main testimony about the evolution of a violent adolescent through the statements of his sister as main source., Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad, Grado en Periodismo

Background: The ST131 Escherichia coli clone is associated with the global dissemination of ESBLs. It has been hypothesized that ST131 could take advantage of better colonizing abilities. However, the data on colonization prevalence of ESBL-ST131 in European hospitals are scarce. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of the ST131 clone and its microbiological characteristics among colonizing ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) from hospitalized patients in four European hospitals (Berlin, Geneva, Madrid and Utrecht) during the R-GNOSIS study. Methods: ESBL-Ec isolates (n = 688) were obtained from rectal swabs of hospitalized patients from March 2014 to February 2015 using selective media. The ST131 clone and its subclones were sought using PCR and positive isolates were further studied. blaESBL genes were characterized (PCR and sequencing), antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, clonal relationships were studied by PFGE and fimH allele and O type (PCR) were assessed. Results: ST131 prevalence was 20.5% (141/688); C1/H30R1 isolates were significantly more prevalent in Geneva (49%) and C2/H30Rx in Madrid (67%). C1/H30R1 isolates showed less resistance to amikacin than C2/H30Rx (4% versus 35%) and all were susceptible to penicillin/inhibitor combinations. CTX-M-15 was the most common enzyme (49%) followed by CTX-M-27 (27%). C1/H30R1 isolates were significantly associated with CTX-M-27 (72%) and all of these isolates belonged to the C1-M27 clade. Moreover, C2/H30Rx isolates and CTX-M-15 were also significantly related (88%). Conclusions: The predominance of C2/H30Rx-CTX-M-15 in Madrid and C1/H30R1-CTX-M-27 in Geneva demonstrates a changing epidemiology of ESBLs in Europe caused by ST131 subclones; in particular, the emergence of the C1-M27 clade in Europe.

Objective To assess experimental virulence among sequence type 131 (ST131) Escherichia coli bloodstream isolates in relation to virulence genotype and subclone. Methods We analysed 48 Spanish ST131 bloodstream isolates (2010) by PCR for ST131 subclone status (H30Rx, H30 non-Rx, or non-H30), virulence genes (VGs), and O-type. Then we compared these traits with virulence in a murine sepsis model, as measured by illness severity score (ISS) and rapid lethality (mean ISS ≥ 4). Results Of the 48 study isolates, 65% were H30Rx, 21% H30 non-Rx, and 15% non-H30; 44% produced ESBLs, 98% were O25b, and 83% qualified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Of 49 VGs, ibeA and iss were associated significantly with non-H30 isolates, and sat, iha and malX with H30 isolates. Median VG scores differed by subclone, i.e., 12 (H30Rx), 10 (H30 non-Rx), and 11 (non-H30) (p < 0.01). Nearly 80% of isolates represented a described virotype. In mice, H30Rx and non-H30 isolates were more virulent than H30 non-Rx isolates (according to ISS [p = 0.03] and rapid lethality [p = 0.03]), as were ExPEC isolates compared with non-ExPEC isolates (median ISS, 4.3 vs. 2.7: p = 0.03). In contrast, most individual VGs, VG scores, VG profiles, and virotypes were not associated with mouse virulence. Conclusions ST131 subclone and ExPEC status, but not individual VGs, VG scores or profiles, or virotypes, predicted mouse virulence. Given the lower virulence of non-Rx H30 isolates, hypervirulence probably cannot explain the ST131-H30 clade's epidemic emergence.

Figure S8. Clustering of differentially expressed transcripts identified in the pairwise comparisons between different megagametophyte developmental stages. The analysis included DETs with a FC > 2 and RPKM > 10. For each transcript, RPKM values were normalized to its maximum RPKM value during development. Normalized values were subjected to k-means clustering method and classified into different clusters, based on their expression levels across the four developmental stages. The Y-axis of the cluster chart represents relative expression (from 0 to 1). The percentage of transcripts with GO terms assigned to different Biological Processes (GO at level 2) for each type is shown. Figure S9. Differentially expressed transcripts between consecutive stages in megagametophytes during early seed development. The analysis included DETs, with FC > 2 and RPKM > 10, identified in any of the three pairwise comparisons. (A) Histogram showing the number of up- and down-regulated DETs between different developmental stages. (B) Venn diagram showing the common and specific number of DETs detected in the consecutive pairwise analysis. (C) Summary table showing the number of DETs (excluding those with no assigned matches against TAIR) involved in different processes in each development transition. (PDF 1.23 kb)

Table S5. List of transcripts selected for qRT-PCR analyses. Table S6. Validation of the RNA-seq expression data. (PDF 88.2 kb)

Figure S2. Number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) with a fold-change greater than 2 (FC > 2) identified in each pairwise comparison between embryos and megagametophytes. (A) Total number of up-regulated transcripts in embryos and megagametophytes (B) Number of up-regulated transcripts in embryos (orange) and megagametophytes (green) at different developmental stages during early seed development. Figure S3. GO enrichment analysis of up-regulated transcripts (FC > 2) in embryos, identified in any of the pairwise comparisons between embryos and megagametophytes at the four developmental stages shown in Fig. 1. Enrichment in Biological Processes was obtained using AgriGO Toolkit database (FDR 2) in megagametophytes, identified in any of the pairwise comparisons between embryos and megagametophytes at the four developmental stages shown in Fig. 1. Biological Process enrichment was obtained using AgriGO Toolkit database (FDR

Figure S7. Number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) with a fold-change greater than 2 (FC > 2) identified in each pairwise comparison between embryo developmental stages. Up-regulated and down-regulated transcripts are shown in red and green bars, respectively. The number of total DETs in each pairwise comparison is shown below. Table S7. Differentially expressed TFs (FC > 2), related to developmental process, detected in the pairwise comparisons between consecutive stages during embryo development. (PDF 341 kb)