13 results on '"Merusi M"'
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2. Pre-Flight Calibration of the Mars 2020 Rover Mastcam Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imager
- Author
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Hayes, Alexander G., Corlies, P., Tate, C., Barrington, M., Bell, J. F., Maki, J. N., Caplinger, M., Ravine, M., Kinch, K. M., Herkenhoff, K., Horgan, B., Johnson, J., Lemmon, M., Paar, G., Rice, M. S., Jensen, E., Kubacki, T. M., Cloutis, E., Deen, R., Ehlmann, B. L., Lakdawalla, E., Sullivan, R., Winhold, A., Parkinson, A., Bailey, Z., van Beek, J., Caballo-Perucha, P., Cisneros, E., Dixon, D., Donaldson, C., Jensen, O. B., Kuik, J., Lapo, K., Magee, A., Merusi, M., Mollerup, J., Scudder, N., Seeger, C., Stanish, E., Starr, M., Thompson, M., Turenne, N., and Winchell, K.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Radiometric Calibration Targets for the Mastcam-Z Camera on the Mars 2020 Rover Mission
- Author
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Kinch, K. M., Madsen, M. B., Bell, III, J. F., Maki, J. N., Bailey, Z. J., Hayes, A. G., Jensen, O. B., Merusi, M., Bernt, M. H., Sørensen, A. N., Hilverda, M., Cloutis, E., Applin, D., Mateo-Marti, E., Manrique, J. A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Bello-Arufe, A., Ehlmann, B. L., Buz, J., Pommerol, A., Thomas, N., Affolter, L., Herkenhoff, K. E., Johnson, J. R., Rice, M., Corlies, P., Tate, C., Caplinger, M. A., Jensen, E., Kubacki, T., Cisneros, E., Paris, K., and Winhold, A.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor:A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam-Z Instrument
- Author
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Rice, M. S., Johnson, J. R., Million, C. C., St. Clair, M., Horgan, B. N., Vaughan, A., Núñez, J. I., Garczynski, B., Curtis, S., Kinch, K. B., Merusi, M., Hayes, A., Bell, J. F., Duflot, L., Lapo, K., Evans, A. A., Eng, A., Cloutis, E., Brown, A., Annex, A. M., Rice, M. S., Johnson, J. R., Million, C. C., St. Clair, M., Horgan, B. N., Vaughan, A., Núñez, J. I., Garczynski, B., Curtis, S., Kinch, K. B., Merusi, M., Hayes, A., Bell, J. F., Duflot, L., Lapo, K., Evans, A. A., Eng, A., Cloutis, E., Brown, A., and Annex, A. M.
- Abstract
NASA's Mars-2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation, both of which have undergone minor alteration and are variably covered by coatings, dust, and/or soil deposits. Documenting the rock and soil characteristics across the crater floor is critical for establishing the geologic context of Perseverance's cached samples—which will eventually be returned to Earth—and for interpreting the deposition and modification of the Máaz and Séítah formations. Mastcam-Z, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom-lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue and narrowband visible to near-infrared images (VNIR, 440–1,020 nm). From multispectral observations from sols 0 to 380, we compiled a database of ∼2,400 representative Mastcam-Z spectra. We analyzed principal components, spectral parameters, and laboratory spectra of pure minerals and natural rock surfaces to interpret the spectral diversity of rocks and soils. We define eight spectral classes of rocks: Dusty, Hematite-like, Coated, Low-Ca Pyroxene-like, Olivine-like, Weathered Olivine-like, Fe-rich Pyroxene-like, and Dark Oxide-like. The variability of soil spectra in the Jezero crater floor is controlled primarily by the amount of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse, with the exception of the area disturbed by the landing event. In comparison to rock spectra from the Curiosity rover's Mastcam instrument in Gale crater, rocks on the Jezero crater floor are generally less spectrally diverse, but the Olivine-like rocks within the Séítah formation represent a new spectral rock class in Mars surface exploration., NASA's Mars-2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation, both of which have undergone minor alteration and are variably covered by coatings, dust, and/or soil deposits. Documenting the rock and soil characteristics across the crater floor is critical for establishing the geologic context of Perseverance's cached samples—which will eventually be returned to Earth—and for interpreting the deposition and modification of the Máaz and Séítah formations. Mastcam-Z, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom-lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue and narrowband visible to near-infrared images (VNIR, 440–1,020 nm). From multispectral observations from sols 0 to 380, we compiled a database of ∼2,400 representative Mastcam-Z spectra. We analyzed principal components, spectral parameters, and laboratory spectra of pure minerals and natural rock surfaces to interpret the spectral diversity of rocks and soils. We define eight spectral classes of rocks: Dusty, Hematite-like, Coated, Low-Ca Pyroxene-like, Olivine-like, Weathered Olivine-like, Fe-rich Pyroxene-like, and Dark Oxide-like. The variability of soil spectra in the Jezero crater floor is controlled primarily by the amount of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse, with the exception of the area disturbed by the landing event. In comparison to rock spectra from the Curiosity rover's Mastcam instrument in Gale crater, rocks on the Jezero crater floor are generally less spectrally diverse, but the Olivine-like rocks within the Séítah formation represent a new spectral rock class in Mars surface exploration.
- Published
- 2023
5. Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z Instrument.
- Author
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Rice, M. S., Johnson, J. R., Million, C. C., St. Clair, M., Horgan, B. N., Vaughan, A., Núñez, J. I., Garczynski, B., Curtis, S., Kinch, K. B., Merusi, M., Hayes, A., Bell, J. F., Duflot, L., Lapo, K., Evans, A. A., Eng, A., Cloutis, E., Brown, A., and Annex, A. M.
- Subjects
GALE Crater (Mars) ,SOIL mineralogy ,STEREOSCOPIC cameras ,MARS rovers ,MARTIAN exploration ,OLIVINE ,IMPACT craters - Abstract
NASA's Mars‐2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation, both of which have undergone minor alteration and are variably covered by coatings, dust, and/or soil deposits. Documenting the rock and soil characteristics across the crater floor is critical for establishing the geologic context of Perseverance's cached samples—which will eventually be returned to Earth—and for interpreting the deposition and modification of the Máaz and Séítah formations. Mastcam‐Z, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom‐lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue and narrowband visible to near‐infrared images (VNIR, 440–1,020 nm). From multispectral observations from sols 0 to 380, we compiled a database of ∼2,400 representative Mastcam‐Z spectra. We analyzed principal components, spectral parameters, and laboratory spectra of pure minerals and natural rock surfaces to interpret the spectral diversity of rocks and soils. We define eight spectral classes of rocks: Dusty, Hematite‐like, Coated, Low‐Ca Pyroxene‐like, Olivine‐like, Weathered Olivine‐like, Fe‐rich Pyroxene‐like, and Dark Oxide‐like. The variability of soil spectra in the Jezero crater floor is controlled primarily by the amount of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse, with the exception of the area disturbed by the landing event. In comparison to rock spectra from the Curiosity rover's Mastcam instrument in Gale crater, rocks on the Jezero crater floor are generally less spectrally diverse, but the Olivine‐like rocks within the Séítah formation represent a new spectral rock class in Mars surface exploration. Plain Language Summary: NASA's Mars‐2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying rocks that formed in lava flows. These rocks were altered slightly by small amounts of water and are covered with dust and other coatings. Understanding these rocks, and the soils across Perseverance's traverse, is important for two reasons: Perseverance has collected rock and soil samples, which will be the first samples from Mars to be sent back to Earth, and they give insights into the history of Jezero crater. Here, we describe a database of spectra that we compiled from the Mastcam‐Z instrument, which is a pair of science cameras on Perseverance's mast. We analyzed ∼2,400 spectra representing the diversity of rocks and soils across the first 380 Martian days of the mission. We find that the amount of dust in the soils controls their spectral variability. We define eight classes of rock spectra, which are controlled by varying amounts of pyroxenes, olivines, hematite, and other oxides. Compared to spectra from the Mastcam instrument, which documented the Curiosity traverse in Gale crater, the Mastcam‐Z spectra are generally less diverse. However, the Mastcam‐Z spectra of olivine‐like rocks are new, as they have not been previously encountered on Mars. Key Points: We compiled a database of Mastcam‐Z spectra from the first 380 sols of Perseverance's mission in the floor of Jezero crater, MarsSoil spectral variability is controlled primarily by amounts of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverseRock spectral variability is controlled by varying amounts of pyroxenes, olivines, hematite, and other oxides [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Mastcam‐Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time‐Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars
- Author
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Merusi, M., primary, Kinch, K. B., additional, Madsen, M. B., additional, Bell, J. F., additional, Maki, J. N., additional, Hayes, A. G., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Rice, M., additional, Cloutis, E. A., additional, Applin, D., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Vaughan, A. F., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Jensen, E., additional, Kristensen, J. Z., additional, Paris, K., additional, Cisneros, E., additional, Kennedy, M. R., additional, and Gasnault, O., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars
- Author
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Farley, K. A., primary, Stack, K. M., additional, Shuster, D. L., additional, Horgan, B. H. N., additional, Hurowitz, J. A., additional, Tarnas, J. D., additional, Simon, J. I., additional, Sun, V. Z., additional, Scheller, E. L., additional, Moore, K. R., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Vasconcelos, P. M., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Treiman, A. H., additional, Mayhew, L. E., additional, Beyssac, O., additional, Kizovski, T. V., additional, Tosca, N. J., additional, Williford, K. H., additional, Crumpler, L. S., additional, Beegle, L. W., additional, Bell, J. F., additional, Ehlmann, B. L., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Maki, J. N., additional, Schmidt, M. E., additional, Allwood, A. C., additional, Amundsen, H. E. F., additional, Bhartia, R., additional, Bosak, T., additional, Brown, A. J., additional, Clark, B. C., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Forni, O., additional, Gabriel, T. S. J., additional, Goreva, Y., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Hamran, S.-E., additional, Herd, C. D. K., additional, Hickman-Lewis, K., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Kah, L. C., additional, Kelemen, P. B., additional, Kinch, K. B., additional, Mandon, L., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Quantin-Nataf, C., additional, Rice, M. S., additional, Russell, P. S., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Siljeström, S., additional, Steele, A., additional, Sullivan, R., additional, Wadhwa, M., additional, Weiss, B. P., additional, Williams, A. J., additional, Wogsland, B. V., additional, Willis, P. A., additional, Acosta-Maeda, T. A., additional, Beck, P., additional, Benzerara, K., additional, Bernard, S., additional, Burton, A. S., additional, Cardarelli, E. L., additional, Chide, B., additional, Clavé, E., additional, Cloutis, E. A., additional, Cohen, B. A., additional, Czaja, A. D., additional, Debaille, V., additional, Dehouck, E., additional, Fairén, A. G., additional, Flannery, D. T., additional, Fleron, S. Z., additional, Fouchet, T., additional, Frydenvang, J., additional, Garczynski, B. J., additional, Gibbons, E. F., additional, Hausrath, E. M., additional, Hayes, A. G., additional, Henneke, J., additional, Jørgensen, J. L., additional, Kelly, E. M., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Madariaga, J. M., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Merusi, M., additional, Meslin, P.-Y., additional, Milkovich, S. M., additional, Million, C. C., additional, Moeller, R. C., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Ollila, A. M., additional, Paar, G., additional, Paige, D. A., additional, Pedersen, D. A. K., additional, Pilleri, P., additional, Pilorget, C., additional, Pinet, P. C., additional, Rice, J. W., additional, Royer, C., additional, Sautter, V., additional, Schulte, M., additional, Sephton, M. A., additional, Sharma, S. K., additional, Sholes, S. F., additional, Spanovich, N., additional, St. Clair, M., additional, Tate, C. D., additional, Uckert, K., additional, VanBommel, S. J., additional, Yanchilina, A. G., additional, and Zorzano, M.-P., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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8. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars
- Author
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Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, Zorzano, M-P, Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, and Zorzano, M-P
- Abstract
The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater’s sedimentary delta, finding the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Fe-Mg carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with CO2-rich water, under water-poor conditions. Overlying Séítah is a unit informally named Máaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Séítah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks were stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.
- Published
- 2022
9. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars
- Author
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Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., Zorzano, M.-P., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., and Zorzano, M.-P.
- Abstract
The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding that the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Seitah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Magnesium-iron carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with carbon dioxide-rich water under water-poor conditions. Overlying Seitah is a unit informally named Maaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Seitah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks have been stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.
- Published
- 2022
10. MASTCAM-Z IN JEZERO CRATER: OVERVIEW AND STATUS UPDATE
- Author
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Maki, J., Bell III, James F., Mehall, G., Ravine, M. A., Caplinger, M. A., Saxton, K. N., Kinch, K., Madsen, M.B., Rice, M S, Cisneros, E., Ehlmann, B. L., Hayes, Alex, Horgan, B., Jensen, E., Johnson, J. R., Paris, Kristen, Winhold, A., Betts, Bruce H., Wolff, M.J., Bailey, A., Barrington, M.N., Cloutis, E., Cluff, N., Coates, A., Colaprete, A., Corlies, P, Crawford, K., Deen, R. G., Edgett, K., Fagents, Sarah, Fleron, S.Z., Grotzinger, J. P., Gwinner, Klaus, Hansen, M.D., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K. E., Jaumann, R., Lemmon, M., Mehall, L., Núnez, Jorge I., Paar, G., Caballo-Perucha, P., Preusker, Frank, Robinson, M.S., Rojas, C., Schmitz, Nicole, Stein, N. T., Sullivan, R., Tate, C., Vaughan, A., Million, Chase, St. Clair, M., Proton, J. B., and Merusi, M.
- Subjects
Morphology ,Mastcam-Z ,Jezero Crater ,Multispectral ,Mars 2020 ,Mars ,Geology ,Perseverance ,Imaging - Published
- 2022
11. Radiometric Calibration Targets for the Mastcam-Z Camera on the Mars 2020 Rover Mission
- Author
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Kinch, K.M, Madsen, M. B., Bell, J.F. III, Maki, Justin, Bailey, Z.J., Hayes, A.G., Jensen, O.B., Merusi, M., Bernt, M.H., Sørensen, A.N., Hilverda, M., Cloutis, E., Applin, D., Mateo-Martí, Eva, Manrique, José Antonio, López-Reyes, G., Bello-Arufe, A., Ehlmann, B.L., Buz, J., Pommerol, A., Thomas, N., Affolter, L., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Rice, M., Corlies, P., Tate, C., Caplinger, M.A., Jensen, E., Kubacki, T., Cisneros, E., Paris, K., Winhold, A., Kinch, K.M, Madsen, M. B., Bell, J.F. III, Maki, Justin, Bailey, Z.J., Hayes, A.G., Jensen, O.B., Merusi, M., Bernt, M.H., Sørensen, A.N., Hilverda, M., Cloutis, E., Applin, D., Mateo-Martí, Eva, Manrique, José Antonio, López-Reyes, G., Bello-Arufe, A., Ehlmann, B.L., Buz, J., Pommerol, A., Thomas, N., Affolter, L., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Rice, M., Corlies, P., Tate, C., Caplinger, M.A., Jensen, E., Kubacki, T., Cisneros, E., Paris, K., and Winhold, A.
- Abstract
The Mastcam-Z Camera is a stereoscopic, multispectral camera with zoom capability on NASA’s Mars-2020 Perseverance rover. The Mastcam-Z relies on a set of two deck-mounted radiometric calibration targets to validate camera performance and to provide an instantaneous estimate of local irradiance and allow conversion of image data to units of reflectance (R or I/F) on a tactical timescale. Here, we describe the heritage, design, and optical characterization of these targets and discuss their use during rover operations. The Mastcam-Z primary calibration target inherits features of camera calibration targets on the Mars Exploration Rovers, Phoenix and Mars Science Laboratory missions. This target will be regularly imaged during flight to accompany multispectral observations of the martian surface. The primary target consists of a gold-plated aluminum base, eight strong hollow-cylinder SmCo alloy permanent magnets mounted in the base, eight ceramic color and grayscale patches mounted over the magnets, four concentric, ceramic grayscale rings and a central aluminum shadow post (gnomon) painted with an IR-black paint. The magnets are expected to keep the central area of each patch relatively free of Martian aeolian dust. The Mastcam-Z secondary calibration target is a simple angled aluminum shelf carrying seven vertically mounted ceramic color and grayscale chips and seven identical, but horizontally mounted ceramic chips. The secondary target is intended to augment and validate the calibration-related information derived from the primary target. The Mastcam-Z radiometric calibration targets are critically important to achieving Mastcam-Z science objectives for spectroscopy and photometric properties.
- Published
- 2020
12. Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance'sMastcam‐Z Instrument
- Author
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Rice, M. S., Johnson, J. R., Million, C. C., St. Clair, M., Horgan, B. N., Vaughan, A., Núñez, J. I., Garczynski, B., Curtis, S., Kinch, K. B., Merusi, M., Hayes, A., Bell, J. F., Duflot, L., Lapo, K., Evans, A. A., Eng, A., Cloutis, E., Brown, A., and Annex, A. M.
- Abstract
NASA's Mars‐2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation, both of which have undergone minor alteration and are variably covered by coatings, dust, and/or soil deposits. Documenting the rock and soil characteristics across the crater floor is critical for establishing the geologic context of Perseverance's cached samples—which will eventually be returned to Earth—and for interpreting the deposition and modification of the Máaz and Séítah formations. Mastcam‐Z, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom‐lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue and narrowband visible to near‐infrared images (VNIR, 440–1,020 nm). From multispectral observations from sols 0 to 380, we compiled a database of ∼2,400 representative Mastcam‐Z spectra. We analyzed principal components, spectral parameters, and laboratory spectra of pure minerals and natural rock surfaces to interpret the spectral diversity of rocks and soils. We define eight spectral classes of rocks: Dusty, Hematite‐like, Coated, Low‐Ca Pyroxene‐like, Olivine‐like, Weathered Olivine‐like, Fe‐rich Pyroxene‐like, and Dark Oxide‐like. The variability of soil spectra in the Jezero crater floor is controlled primarily by the amount of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse, with the exception of the area disturbed by the landing event. In comparison to rock spectra from the Curiosity rover's Mastcam instrument in Gale crater, rocks on the Jezero crater floor are generally less spectrally diverse, but the Olivine‐like rocks within the Séítah formation represent a new spectral rock class in Mars surface exploration. NASA's Mars‐2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying rocks that formed in lava flows. These rocks were altered slightly by small amounts of water and are covered with dust and other coatings. Understanding these rocks, and the soils across Perseverance's traverse, is important for two reasons: Perseverance has collected rock and soil samples, which will be the first samples from Mars to be sent back to Earth, and they give insights into the history of Jezero crater. Here, we describe a database of spectra that we compiled from the Mastcam‐Z instrument, which is a pair of science cameras on Perseverance's mast. We analyzed ∼2,400 spectra representing the diversity of rocks and soils across the first 380 Martian days of the mission. We find that the amount of dust in the soils controls their spectral variability. We define eight classes of rock spectra, which are controlled by varying amounts of pyroxenes, olivines, hematite, and other oxides. Compared to spectra from the Mastcam instrument, which documented the Curiosity traverse in Gale crater, the Mastcam‐Z spectra are generally less diverse. However, the Mastcam‐Z spectra of olivine‐like rocks are new, as they have not been previously encountered on Mars. We compiled a database of Mastcam‐Z spectra from the first 380 sols of Perseverance's mission in the floor of Jezero crater, MarsSoil spectral variability is controlled primarily by amounts of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverseRock spectral variability is controlled by varying amounts of pyroxenes, olivines, hematite, and other oxides We compiled a database of Mastcam‐Z spectra from the first 380 sols of Perseverance's mission in the floor of Jezero crater, Mars Soil spectral variability is controlled primarily by amounts of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse Rock spectral variability is controlled by varying amounts of pyroxenes, olivines, hematite, and other oxides
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.
- Author
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Bell JF 3rd, Maki JN, Alwmark S, Ehlmann BL, Fagents SA, Grotzinger JP, Gupta S, Hayes A, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan BHN, Johnson JR, Kinch KB, Lemmon MT, Madsen MB, Núñez JI, Paar G, Rice M, Rice JW Jr, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Vaughan A, Wolff MJ, Bechtold A, Bosak T, Duflot LE, Fairén AG, Garczynski B, Jaumann R, Merusi M, Million C, Ravanis E, Shuster DL, Simon J, St Clair M, Tate C, Walter S, Weiss B, Bailey AM, Bertrand T, Beyssac O, Brown AJ, Caballo-Perucha P, Caplinger MA, Caudill CM, Cary F, Cisneros E, Cloutis EA, Cluff N, Corlies P, Crawford K, Curtis S, Deen R, Dixon D, Donaldson C, Barrington M, Ficht M, Fleron S, Hansen M, Harker D, Howson R, Huggett J, Jacob S, Jensen E, Jensen OB, Jodhpurkar M, Joseph J, Juarez C, Kah LC, Kanine O, Kristensen J, Kubacki T, Lapo K, Magee A, Maimone M, Mehall GL, Mehall L, Mollerup J, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Paris K, Powell KE, Preusker F, Proton J, Rojas C, Sallurday D, Saxton K, Scheller E, Seeger CH, Starr M, Stein N, Turenne N, Van Beek J, Winhold AG, and Yingling R
- Abstract
Perseverance's Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, spatial coverage, and wavelength coverage along the rover's traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent with an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) and/or impactite origin and limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured rocks with weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting of mafic silicates, ferric oxides, and/or iron-bearing alteration minerals; and coarsely layered outcrops dominated by olivine. Pyroxene dominates the iron-bearing mineralogy in the fine-grained regolith, while olivine dominates the coarse-grained regolith. Solar and atmospheric imaging observations show significant intra- and intersol variations in dust optical depth and water ice clouds, as well as unique examples of boundary layer vortex action from both natural (dust devil) and Ingenuity helicopter-induced dust lifting. High-resolution stereo imaging also provides geologic context for rover operations, other instrument observations, and sample selection, characterization, and confirmation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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