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Dravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, is a severe epileptic syndrome affecting children, with an incidence of 1/22,000 to 1/49,900 live births annually. Characterized by resistant and prolonged seizures, it often leads to intellectual impairment, with males being twice as susceptible as females. Its clinical features include recurrent seizures triggered by fever initially, but later occurring spontaneously, developmental delays, behavioral issues, and movement disorders. Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A) mutations, observed in about 90% of cases, are usually de novo, while mutations in other genes, such as protocadherin 19 (PCDH19), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma 2 (GABRG2), and sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 (SCN2A), can also contribute to the condition. Next-generation sequencing aids in identifying these genetic abnormalities. First-line treatments include anticonvulsant drugs such as valproate, clobazam, stiripentol, topiramate, and bromide. Second-line treatments for drug-resistant DS include stiripentol, fenfluramine, and cannabidiol. This literature review provides a comprehensive update on the genetic underpinnings of DS, highlighting SCN1A's predominant role and the emerging significance of other genes. Moreover, it emphasizes novel therapeutic approaches for drug-resistant forms, showcasing the efficacy of newer drugs such as stiripentol, fenfluramine, and cannabidiol. This synthesis contributes to our understanding of the genetic landscape of DS and informs clinicians about evolving treatment strategies for enhanced patient care.

Aromatic and medicinal plants constitute a vast source of bioactive compounds, with remarkable chemical diversity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant activity of extracts and fixed oils of Lavandula dentata L. aerial parts. Dried powdered aerial parts of Lavandula dentata was extracted with methanol by refluxing. Different solvent fractions of aqueous methanol extract of L. dentata aerial part were prepared by successive extraction in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Fixed oil of L. dentata aerial parts was obtained by maceration in chloroform at room temperature. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the crude methanol extract was determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extract, fractions, and fixed oil was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents determination revealed that L. dentata crude methanol extract have high contents of polyphenols (27.43 mg GAE/g), and flavonoids (20.62 mg QE/g). The ethyl acetate fraction of L. dentata exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 16.41 ± 0.11 μg/mL as measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The n-butanol extract also demonstrated notable antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 42.32 ± 0.86 μg/mL. The fixed oil extracted from L. dentata aerial parts demonstrated mild antioxidant activity, with IC50 of 414.2 mg/mL. The findings from this study have shown that Lavandula dentata aerial parts contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]