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We investigate water dynamics in mesoporous silica across partial crystallization by combining broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). Exploiting the fact that not only BDS but also NMR field-cycling relaxometry and stimulated-echo experiments provide access to dynamical susceptibilities in broad frequency and temperature ranges, we study both the fully liquid state above the melting point Tm and the dynamics of coexisting water and ice phases below this temperature. It is found that partial crystallization leads to a change in the temperature dependence of rotational correlation times τ, which occurs in addition to previously reported dynamical crossovers of confined water and depends on the pore diameter. Furthermore, we observe that dynamical susceptibilities of water are strongly asymmetric in the fully liquid state, whereas they are much broader and nearly symmetric in the partially frozen state. Finally, water in the nonfreezable interfacial layer below Tm does not exhibit a much debated dynamical crossover at ∼220 K. We argue that its dynamics is governed by a static energy landscape, which results from the interaction with the bordering silica and ice surfaces and features a Gaussian-like barrier distribution. Consistently, our MDS analysis of the motional mechanism reveals a hopping motion of water in thin interfacial layers. The rotational correlation times of the confined ice phases follow Arrhenius laws. While the values of τ depend on the pore diameter, freezable water in various types of confinements and mixtures shows similar activation energies of Ea ≈ 0.43 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new strategy for multifunctional coatings with flame retardancy, superhydrophobicity and UV shielding ability on cotton fabrics (SFR cotton) was realized by step-by-step spraying ammonium phytate, lignin and hybrid nanoparticles of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with entrapped Fe2O3 (PDMS@Fe2O3-MSNs). The surface adhesion PDMS@Fe2O3-MSNs constructed micro/nano-scale surface structure on SFR cotton fabric, which endowed superhydrophobic (WCA = 152 ± 1.3°), anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the physical barrier provided by the PDMS@Fe2O3-MSNs and the intumescent flame-retardant properties of ammonium phytate and lignin, the SFR cotton fabric demonstrated excellent self-extinguishing performance under an open fire and left a char layer with 8.4 cm. In addition, due to the excellent UV-absorption ability of lignin and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the SFR cotton fabric was able to shield the UV irradiation damages to rat skin. Furthermore, the SFR cotton fabric demonstrated remarkable durability against rigorous conditions, including ultrasonic washing, sandpaper abrasion, UV irradiation and exposure to strong acid/alkali environments. After 150 min of ultrasonic washing and 50 cycles of abrasion, the SFR cotton fabric could preserve its hydrophobicity, flame retardancy and UV shielding ability. In addition, the SFR cotton fabric delivered exceptional chemical stability and UV durability when exposed to strong acid/alkali for 24 h and UV irradiation (200 W) for 12 h, respectively. Significantly, the SFR cotton fabric could retain the original flexibility and breathability of pristine cotton fabric. Therefore, the simple and feasible strategy of multifunctional coatings has broad application prospects in advanced multifunctional textiles, military facilities and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoporous structured silica materials, namely f‐SiO2, SBA‐15, IITM‐41, and MCM‐41 were employed as the matrices for immobilizing endoxylanase by adsorption method. The equilibrium kinetics, activation energy, and thermodynamic parameters associated with endoxylanase adsorption were investigated. Our findings revealed a two‐phase adsorption mechanism: an initial phase featuring rapid adsorption rates, succeeded by a slower phase wherein adsorption gradually progressed until equilibrium was attained. Analysis of the adsorption kinetic data indicated a better fit with the pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting chemisorption and highlighting its temperature dependency. The calculated activation energy (Ea) values fell within the range of physisorption, indicating the involvement of both types of adsorption processes. Thermodynamic assessments confirmed that the adsorption reactions were spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. Notably, the immobilization process did not change the optimum pH of the enzyme, while the optimum temperature shifted slightly. Furthermore, immobilized enzymes show a higher reaction rate (Vmax) than the soluble XynC. All immobilized xylanases produced xylobiose (X2) to xylohexose (X6) by hydrolyzing the xylan substrate. Recycling studies showed that up to 80 % of the yield was retained after seven cycles of reuse. Our study demonstrates the potential of nanostructured silica as an effective immobilization matrix for enzymes of industrial significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the unique anatomy and location of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), oral pharmacological treatment is the mainstay for managing IBD because of its convenience and direct accessibility to the gastrointestinal tract. However, efficient delivery systems must be designed to navigate the harsh gastrointestinal environment during application. Here, an innovative oral drug delivery system was proposed using nanomotor (NM)‐loaded soluble microcapsules for treating IBD. MnO2‐Au‐mSiO2 NMs incorporate partially encapsulated MnO2 antennas that convert reactive oxygen species into oxygen, autonomously propelling the NMs. Astaxanthin (AST), known for its anti‐inflammatory properties, is loaded into the mesoporous silica (mSiO2) of NMs (AST@NMs). AST effectively reduces inflammation and shifts macrophages from a proinflammatory (M1) phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotype. To protect the nanomotors from harsh digestive conditions and achieve intestinal‐responsive release, using photocurable 3D printing, we fabricated enteric‐coated oral microcapsules (MCs). Additionally, to prevent leakage of AST@NMs, a calcium alginate shell was cured in situ on the surface of the microcapsules (AST@NMs@MCs). In vitro and in vivo, AST@NMs@MCs effectively reduced inflammation, repaired the intestinal barrier, and modulated the gut microbiota. These findings underscore the protective effects of the microcapsules on AST@NM, highlighting their potential as a promising strategy for treating colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Among the problems encountered in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones, the base sensitivity of ketones and the corrosive effects of the bases used in the reaction have an important place especially in industrial terms. Although there are various approaches to overcome this problem, solutions based on the intrinsic properties of the catalyst used seem more suitable. Within the scope of this study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst was prepared for the transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones, which can operate in base‐free environment. To prepare the heterogeneous catalyst, 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine was first tosylated and then the silyl derivative was synthesized and grafted onto mesoporous silica SBA‐15. Characterizations of the obtained heterogeneous catalyst and SBA‐15 were carried out by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), N2 sorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. The results obtained showed that the functionalized 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine compound was successfully immobilized into the SBA‐15 structure. Determination of the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous catalyst was carried out in transfer hydrogenation reactions of various aromatic ketones. After determining the optimum reaction conditions with acetophenone, a conversion rate of (70%) was observed in the acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol reaction that took place without a base. Under same conditions a higher conversion rate of (73%) was observed in the 4′‐chloroacetophenone to 1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethanol reaction. In the reactions performed to determine recyclability, after a 70% conversion rate, 61% and 65% conversion rates, respectively, were observed in the reaction from acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, mesoporous silica materials have gained attention due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, pore volume, size, and chemical stability. These characteristics make them effective in various fields, particularly efficient supports in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The present study developed a novel type of core-shell mesoporous microsphere material by anchoring phenylalanine on a core-shell SiO2@NiO@MS support. The catalyst support (SiO2@NiO@MS) was synthesized through homogeneous precipitation and sol-gel methods, with NiO encapsulated within the porous silica. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Elemental mapping analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was then employed for the synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-trione and spiro triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-tetraones compounds from 4-phenyl urazole, dimedone, and aromatic aldehydes or isatin derivatives. This synthetic approach offers multiple advantages, including high yields, faster reaction times, low catalyst requirements, and environmentally sustainable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silica-supported copolymer loaded with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was prepared and first investigated for the separation of trace radium from natural 232Th. Results showed that the adsorbent was prepared successfully with ultrahigh selectivity and ultrafast adsorption kinetics towards thorium, making the separation easy and convenient. The chemical recovery rate to radium reached 96.7%, and the decontamination factor to thorium exceeded 105. Generally, this work demonstrated the feasibility of using this material and method to directly separate 228Ra and 224Ra from 232Th, rendering it significant in the future preparation and application of 212Pb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 and MCM-48 types were synthesized and modified with copper by template ion-exchange (TIE) technique. A high dispersion of deposited copper species was managed by subsequent treatment of the samples with ammonia, urea, or acetonitrile solution. Copper-modified silicas were analysed in terms of their chemical composition (ICP-OES), ordering of porous structure (XRD), textural parameters (low-temperature N2 sorption), dispersion and form of introduced copper species (UV–vis-DR, XRD, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD). Mesoporous silicas modified with copper exhibited promising catalytic efficiency in selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR). The samples containing dispersed copper species (predominantly monomeric copper cations) presented enhanced catalytic activity compared to catalysts containing CuO aggregates. On the other hand, CuO aggregates showed greater catalytic activity in the side process of direct ammonia oxidation by oxygen present in the reaction mixture. It was demonstrated that TIE post-treatment of the samples with urea resulted in most effective improving dispersion of deposited copper and is less destructive for ordered porous structures of mesoporous silica comparing to treatment with ammonia solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since conventional antibiotics are almost ineffective on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, designing their antibacterial alternatives is necessary. Besides, the use of vancomycin is applied for specific detection of the bacteria. Silver-incorporated vancomycin-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs@Van@Ag NPs) were designed for detection and treatment of MRSA bacteria. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesized through the template method, modified with vancomycin, and finally incorporated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The MSNs@Van@Ag NPs with a homogenously spherical shape, average size of 50-100 nm, surface area of 955.8 m2/g, and thermal stability up to 200°C were successfully characterized. The amount of Ag incorporated into the MSNs@Van@Ag was calculated at 3.9 ppm and the release amount of Ag was received at 2.92 ppm (75%) after 100 h. The in vitro antibacterial susceptibility test showed the MIC of 100 μg mL−1 for MSNs@Van and 50 μg mL−1 for MSNs@Van@Ag, showing in vitro enhanced effect of Ag and vancomycin in the bactericidal process. An in vivo acute pneumonia model was performed and biochemical assays and pathological studies confirmed the nanomedicine's short-term safety for in vivo application. Cytokine assay using ELISA showed that MSN@Van@Ag causes a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial proliferation leading to alleviation of inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, nanomedicine has attracted much attention at the forefront of nanotechnology, gaining great expectations in the biomedical sectors. Among various nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles-based drug delivery is considered effective owing to their physicochemical stability and biological compatibility. Surface grafting and chemical conversion techniques were used to create an amphoteric functional ligand known as amidoxime ligand (AL) modified mesoporous silica material (MS-AL NPs). With this technique, amidoxime ligand groups can be introduced in greater concentration to the silica surface without compromising its structure. The active surface allows for surface functionalization and integration of medicinal substances. They are widely employed in the bio-medical industry for diagnostics, target administration of drugs, bio-sensing, cellular absorption, and so on. The function of the produced MS-AL NPs as a regulated drug delivery system was studied utilizing doxorubicin (Dox) as a model anticancer drug. Using the MCF-7 cell line, the biocompatibility and cellular uptake characteristics were investigated. Considering all factors, the MS-AL NPs may be used as pH-responsive drug carriers in cancer treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process of CO2 decomposition in dielectric barrier discharge reactor using mesoporous CeO2-NiO catalysts was studied. Mesoporous materials of MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCF types were used in this study to investigate the influence of the material structure on CO2 decomposition efficiency. The obtained catalysts were characterized by physico-chemical methods: low temperature N2 adsorption, X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CO2 conversion, CO yield and CO selectivity as well as energy efficiency and specific energy input were calculated. The comparison of process efficiency was conducted with that in the absence of any catalyst (plasma-only reactor). It was shown that in the presence of Ce-based catalysts, the conversion of CO2 (from 11 to 19%) and CO yield rise significantly, while CeNi samples show minor performance in CO2 plasma-catalytic dissociation. Porous characteristics affected the performance of CO2 decomposition. Using wide-porous MCF-type material as a support, it was possible to achieve the highest conversion due to enhanced CO2 adsorption in pores and subsequent plasma-catalytic decomposition. The combination of mesoporous silica material as a support and a CeO2 as an active component is promising for the plasma-catalytic CO2 splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of complexes with the chromophore zincon within the nanopores of aminated mesoporous silica was employed to develop a simple colorimetric method for the detection of copper (II) in human serum. In this method, the sedimentation of the aminated mesoporous silica encapsulating zincon allowed for the detection of a distinct color change, resulting in the detection of copper in the 0–6 µM range. Although zincon forms complexes with both copper (II) and zinc (II) in bulk solution, this complexation within the nanopores enabled the selective detection of copper (II). When this method was applied to the measurement of copper (II) in human serum, the measured values were comparable to those obtained by the conventional method using basocuproindisulfonic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framework materials such as zeolites and mesoporous silicas are commonly used for many applications, especially catalysis and separation. Here zeolite-mesoporous silica composite catalysts (employing zeolite Y, ZSM-5, KIT-6, SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous silica) were prepared (with different weight percent of zeolite Y and ZSM-5) and assessed for catalytic cracking (using n-heptane, as the model compound at 550 °C) with the aim to improve the selectivity/yield of light olefins of ethylene and propylene from n-heptane. Physicochemical properties of the parent zeolites and the prepared composites were characterized comprehensively using several techniques including X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis. Catalytic cracking results showed that the ZY/ZSM-5/KIT-6 composite (20:20:60 wt %) achieved a high n-heptane conversion of 85% with approximately 6% selectivity to ethylene/propylene. In contrast, the ZY/ZSM-5/SBA-15 composite achieved a higher conversion of 95% and an ethylene/propylene ratio of 8%, indicating a more efficient process in terms of both conversion and selectivity. Magnetic resonance relaxation analysis of the ZY/ZSM-5/KIT-6 (20:20:60) catalyst confirmed a micro-mesoporous environment that influences n-heptane diffusion and mass transfer. As zeolite Y and ZSM-5 have micropores, n-heptane can move and undergo hydrogen transfer reactions, whereas KIT-6 has mesopores that facilitate n-heptane’s accessibility to the active sites of zeolite Y and ZSM-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research on tumor fibrosis has focused on cancer‐associated fibroblasts, which may exert dual functions of tumor promotion and inhibition. Little attention has been paid to whether tumor cells themselves can undergo fibrotic transformation and whether they can inhibit parenchymal cells similar to pulmonary fibrosis, thus achieving the goal of inhibiting the malignant progression of tumors. To explore the significance of inducing tumor fibrosis for cancer treatment. This study utilizes mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) loaded with Trehalose dimycolate (TDM) to induce tumor cell fibrosis through the dual effects of TDM‐induced inflammatory granuloma and MSN‐induced foreign body granuloma. The results show that TDM/MSN (TM) can effectively induce tumor fibrosis, manifested specifically by collagen internalization, and suppression of proliferation and invasion capabilities, suggesting the potential role of tumor fibrosis therapy. However, further investigation reveals that extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) mediates resistance to fibrosis induction. To comprehensively enhance the efficacy, WRN exonuclease is conjugated to TM to form new nanoparticles (TMW) capable of effectively eliminating ecDNA, globally promoting tumor cell fibroblast‐like transformation, and validated in a PDX model to inhibit cancer progression. Therefore, TMW, through inducing tumor cell fibrosis to inhibit its malignant progression, holds great potential as a clinical treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) focuses on systemic administration of medication, neglecting to proactively modulate the local microenvironment of skeletal system for superior therapeutic performance. Eldecalcitol (ED‐71), a novel drug for treating osteoporosis, still requires research to overcome high‐frequency delivery and low‐utilization. Here, a bone‐targeting and multishelled nanoparticles are developed for step‐wise release of ED‐71. The nanoparticles are achieved by using the chitosan/alginate outer layer as protective barrier against gastric acid, pectin middle layer as adhesive agent that improved intestinal penetration, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid‐grafted mesoporous silica nanomaterials core as bone‐targeting nanocarriers. After oral administration, the ED‐71‐loaded nanoparticles (ME‐ED‐71@PCA) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, and inhibits the osteoclast differentiation. ME‐ED‐71@PCA improves bone mass in ovariectomized‐mice by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the efficacy is more pronounced than ED‐71 alone. ME‐ED‐71@PCA exhibits satisfactory therapeutic performance due to its step‐wise drug release and bone‐targeting compared to ED‐71 administration, providing a new approach to re‐establish bone metabolic homeostasis in PMOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, some of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromene derivatives were synthesized by multicomponent reaction of 1‐naphthol, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile. The reaction was performed under green conditions using water as the solvent in the presence of heterogeneous nano catalyst containing Co(II) and Cu(II) stabilized on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles/tannic acid (M–MSN/TA/Co(II),Cu(II)) at room temperature. The prepared catalyst showed excellent efficiency and its magnetic properties allow easy separation. The structure and morphology of prepared catalyst was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. All of products were obtained in high to excellent yields (78–94 %) after short reaction times (20–45 min) in optimal conditions and their structures were confirmed using FT‐IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. This study shows that the M–MSN/TA/Cu(II), Co(II) presents a good catalytic activity, reusability and stability compared to other catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium (K) metal anodes are the most competitive candidates for low‐cost and high‐energy density rechargeable batteries. However, uncontrolled K dendrite growth strictly impedes the practical application of K metal anodes. Herein, a potassiophilic and conductive dual‐gradient free‐standing host (named TS‐PKS) composed of the bottom layer with Ti3CN and F doped SnO2 (F‐SnO2) and the top layer with perfluorinated sulfonic acid K (PFSA‐K) and ordered mesoporous silica (SBA15) is constructed to achieve dendrite‐free K deposition. The potassiophilicity and conductivity of the TS‐PKS host increase along with the depth direction to generate a bottom‐up dual‐gradient of K+ affinity and electroconductivity. Such bottom‐up dual‐gradient of K+ affinity and electroconductivity can synergistically manipulate uniform K metal deposition following the bottom‐up manner, preventing the notorious K dendrite growth. As a result, the TS‐PKS@K symmetric cell can stably cycle over 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2. Meanwhile, the TS‐PKS@K//PTCDA full battery also exhibits an initial specific capacity of 118.3 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 500 mA g−1 and maintains up to 81.1 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. This novel dual‐gradient strategy design offers a straightforward approach to effectively manipulate K metal deposition manner for achieving dendrite‐free K metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported metallic ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles loaded on amino modified dendritic mesoporous silica microspheres (Ru/NH2‐DMSMs) for ammonia decomposition to hydrogen. The sizes of the loaded Ru nanoparticles on carrier are 2–3 nm, providing rich active sites for ammonia decomposition reaction. As a result, the obtained Ru/NH2‐DMSMs‐5.1 can afford almost ~100 % ammonia decomposition at 550 °C, due to the unique mesoporous structure of DMSMs inhibiting the aggregation of active Ru nanoparticles and enhancing the mass transport of ammonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies, necessitating the exploration of more effective synergistic treatment strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an innovative antitumor approach that can be combined with chemotherapy to achieve potent synergistic effects. Mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) are ideal drug delivery vehicles in cancer therapy due to their unique advantages. This study presents an effective and straightforward strategy to design an intelligent drug delivery system (DDS) activated by the tumor-specific weakly acidic microenvironment to achieve efficient cancer treatment. By incorporating the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and divalent iron (Fe2+) into the unique mesoporous channels of MSNs, we fabricated MSNs@Fe2+@DOX. Under weakly acidic pH conditions, the functional components Fe2+ and DOX of MSNs@Fe2+@DOX are gradually released at the tumor site. The released Fe2+ can then consume hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor cells, increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides through the Fenton reaction, thereby inducing ferroptosis. The combination of DOX-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis results in further enhanced cancer treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that MSNs@Fe2+@DOX had an excellent therapeutic effect on breast cancer cells and tumor-bearing nude mice. We anticipate that this study will provide a promising biotechnological platform for combined breast cancer treatment by inducing CDT and chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of adding mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles to conventional glass ionomer cements (GIC) on its, physical, chemical, mechanical properties and ion release analysis. Methods: Synthesized mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles were added in 1, 3 and 5% by weight to the liquid component of GIC forming three experimental groups and compared with plain GIC as control group. Physical and chemical characterization were conducted using nano-computerized tomography (NanoCT) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface microhardness, water sorption and solubility were analyzed. Ion release was investigated using Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Statistical analysis between different groups for the set parameters using parametric and non-parametric tests. The results were analysed using one way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: Synthesized mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles were of 7.28 ± 5.0 nm in diameter with a spherical morphology. NanoCT revealed less porosities for 3 wt %. Microhardness showed a statistically significant difference for 5 wt% at day 1 and 21 (p < 0.0001). Water sorption values decreased significantly on day 14 compared to day 7 for control, 1, 3 and 5 wt%. Control specimens showed highest concentration of fluoride release followed by 5, 3 and 1 wt%. Conclusion: Mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles modified glass ionomer cements showed comparable microhardness to conventional GIC. Ion release was evident from the modified specimens. Silver remained within the GIC for atleast four weeks following incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production by methane catalytic decomposition is a promising method that also allows the formation of valuable carbon nanomaterials which can be utilized in transportation fuels, chemical synthesis, and fuel cell technology. In this study, bimetallic 3d transition metal (Ni, Fe, Co) catalysts supported on spherical mesoporous nanofibrous silica (KCC1) were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method followed by sono co-impregnation. The catalysts were evaluated for their performance in the catalytic decomposition of methane. Comprehensive characterization of the catalysts was conducted utilizing XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, STEM, XPS, H 2 -TPR, and BET techniques. XRD and TEM analyses confirmed the formation of Ni–Fe, Ni–Co, and Co–Fe bimetallic alloys on the nanofibrous silica without compromising its dendrimeric hierarchical structure. STEM HAADF imaging revealed a uniform dispersion of bimetallic nanoparticles within the spherical fibrous framework. Catalytic tests demonstrated that all bimetallic catalysts showed high stability and activity for methane cracking at 700 °C over 180 min of time on stream (TOS). Among them, Fe-based catalysts Ni–Fe/KCC1 and Co–Fe/KCC1 achieved the highest hydrogen yields of 80% and 60%, respectively. Methane conversion was 1.56 and 2.23 times higher in Ni–Fe/KCC1 compared to Co–Fe/KCC1 and Ni–Co/KCC1, respectively. Post-reaction characterization of the spent catalysts was performed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and TGA. XRD and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the degree of graphitization and crystallinity in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced on the catalysts, enabling a correlation with the catalyst properties. TEM examination was used to investigate the structural morphology and growth methods of the CNTs, including tip or base growth and chain-like or parallel-wall types. TGA results revealed that all bimetallic catalysts exhibited no amorphous carbon during methane cracking reaction. [Display omitted] • KCC1 framework enhances active site exposure and reactant/product diffusion. • Hierarchical dendritic layers pose a steric barrier, functioning as sintering-resistant support. • Highly dispersed bimetals obtained over KCC1 due to large accessible surface area. • KCC1 supported bimetallic (Ni, Fe, Co) alloys synergistically contributes to high stability. • Ni–Fe/KCC1 exhibited high catalytic activity with graphitized carbon structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple development of an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for convenient detection of tumor biomarker is of great significance for early cancer diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and improving patient survival rates and quality of life. In this work, an immunosensor is demonstrated based on an enhanced ECL signal boosted by nanochannel-confined Au nanomaterial, which enables sensitive detection of the tumor biomarker—carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) with a nanochannel array and amine groups was rapidly grown on a simple and low-cost indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode using the electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method. Au nanomaterials were confined in situ on the VMSF through electrodeposition, which catalyzed both the conversion of dissolved oxygen (O2) to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidation of a luminol emitter and improved the electrode active surface. The ECL signal was enhanced fivefold after Au nanomaterial deposition. The recognitive interface was fabricated by covalent immobilization of the CEA antibody on the outer surface of the VMSF, followed with the blocking of non-specific binding sites. In the presence of CEA, the formed immunocomplex reduced the diffusion of the luminol emitter, resulting in the reduction of the ECL signal. Based on this mechanism, the constructed immunosensor was able to provide sensitive detection of CEA ranging from 1 pg·mL−1 to 100 ng·mL−1 with a low limit of detection (LOD, 0.37 pg·mL−1, S/N = 3). The developed immunosensor exhibited high selectivity and good stability. ECL determination of CEA in fetal bovine serum was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite encouraging outcomes of the eight FDA approved drugs in lessening obesity burden, they have been associated with side effects caused by the lack of direct action on the adipose tissue. Therefore, a nanomedicine is reported that promotes the transformation of local fat‐storage white adipocytes, associated with obesity, into thermogenic adipocytes, indicative of enhanced metabolism, to both human cells and mice. This nanomedicine consisting of a lipid‐silica nanohybrid that allows accommodation of the natural supplement forskolin has resulted in successful browning of mature human adipocytes in vitro through upregulating thermogenesis biomarkers on mature human adipocytes and in vivo in mice tissue (achieving 400‐ and 80‐fold increases in UCP1 and Cox7A1, respectively), while significantly enhancing glucose uptake and lipolysis in an acute fashion and significantly preventing weight gain in high fat diet (60% HFD) mice compared to other treatments including liposomal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A portable mass spectrometer (PMS) was combined with a mesoporous silica material (SBA-15) coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow to develop a rapid, easy-to-operate and sensitive method for detecting five veterinary drugs—amantadine, thiabendazole, sulfamethazine, clenbuterol, and ractopamine—in milk and chicken samples. Equipped with a pulsed direct current electrospray ionization source and a hyperboloid linear ion trap, the PMS can simultaneously detect all five analytes in approximately 30 s using a one-microliter sample. Unlike traditional large-scale instruments, this method shows great potential for on-site detection with no need for chromatographic pre-separation and minimal sample preparation. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow, fabricated via electrospinning, demonstrated superior extraction efficiency compared to commercially available SPME Arrows. Optimization of the coating preparation conditions and SPME procedures was conducted to enhance the extraction efficiency of the SBA-15-SPME Arrow. The extraction and desorption processes were optimized to require only 15 and 30 min, respectively. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow–PMS method showed high precision and sensitivity, with detection limits and quantitation limits of 2.8–9.3 µg kg−1 and 10–28 µg kg−1, respectively, in milk. The LOD and LOQ ranged from 3.5 to 11.7 µg kg−1 and 12 to 35 µg kg−1, respectively, in chicken. The method sensitivity meets the requirements of domestic and international regulations. This method was successfully applied to detect the five analytes in milk and chicken samples, with recoveries ranging from 85% to 116%. This approach represents a significant advancement in food safety by facilitating rapid, in-field monitoring of veterinary drug residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic transport through porous membranes and porous materials has received enormous attention due to its importance to many applications. An innovative methodology is proposed to study ion diffusion and ion sieving through mesoporous silica membranes (shells). The mobility of fluorescently labeled core particles within a hollow porous shell, filled with an index‐matched electrolyte solution, is observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The core motion range, i.e., the area explored by the core within the hollow compartment, sensitively changed depending on the local ionic concentration. Monitoring transitions in the core motion range is a practical way to detect which ions can migrate through the shells and on what timescale. For instance, lithium and chloride ions easily diffused through the porous silica shells, resulting in a core motion range that changed relatively quickly upon change of the ion concentrations outside of the shell. However, the motion range changed significantly slower upon changing to a bigger cation (tetraoctylammonium ion). This proof of principle experiment can be explained by the Gibbs‐Donnan effect, revealing that the detection of core motion ranges is a good probe to measure both ion diffusion and ion sieving through porous membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromodulation technologies have gained considerable attention for their clinical potential in treating neurological disorders and advancing cognition research. However, traditional methods like electrical stimulation and optogenetics face technical and biological challenges that limit their therapeutic and research applications. A promising alternative, photoelectric neurostimulation, uses near‐infrared light to generate electrical pulses and thus enables stimulation of neuronal activity without genetic alterations. This study explores various design strategies to enhance photoelectric stimulation with minimally invasive, ultrasmall, untethered carbon electrodes. Employing a multiphoton laser as the near‐infrared (NIR) light source, benchtop experiments are conducted using a three‐electrode setup and chronopotentiometry to record photo‐stimulated voltage. In vivo evaluations utilize Thy1‐GCaMP6s mice with acutely implanted ultrasmall carbon electrodes. Results highlighted the beneficial effects of high duty‐cycle laser scanning and photovoltaic polymer interfaces on the photo‐stimulated voltages by the implanted electrode. Additionally, the promising potential of carbon‐based diamond electrodes are demonstrated for photoelectric stimulation and the application of photoelectric stimulation in precise chemical delivery by loading mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) co‐deposited with polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). Together, these findings on photoelectric stimulation utilizing ultrasmall carbon electrodes underscore its immense potential for advancing the next generation of neurostimulation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by nepenthes pitcher plants, the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces have received extensive attention. In its practical application, good oil storage and oil-locking ability are important guarantee for the surface to maintain the interface performance for a long time. In this paper, mesoporous silica (KCC-1) was obtained by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template agent, urea as a hydrolyzing agent, and TEOS as silicon source reagent, then modified with (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane. Then combined with the breath figures, amino-modified mesoporous silica, 3,3'-4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (S-BPDA), 2,2'-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxyphenyl)]propane (BAPP) were used as raw materials to prepare polyimide SLIPS with good stability by a two-step method. The wettability and stability of SLIPS were investigated, and the results show that the introduction of mesoporous silica inorganic nanoparticles enhanced the performance of SLIPS. Among them, the sliding angle of polyimide SLIPS with a nanoparticle content of 10% is 2°, which has good self-cleaning performance, antifouling performance, and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, glutathione (GSH)-responsive magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles grafted by disulfide organosilicon (SMNPs) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as controlled drug carriers. The nanoparticles exhibited consistent dispersion, considerable drug-loading capacity, and high saturation magnetization. Importantly, they demonstrated the ability to release doxorubicin (DOX) by up to 43% in a reducing tumor microenvironment, highlighting their potential for targeted therapy. In addition, the SMNPs displayed favorable biocompatibility, making them suitable for biomedical applications. Most notably, the SMNPs loaded with DOX effectively killed both HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells, while also showing efficient cellular uptake in HeLa cells. These findings suggest that SMNPs are a promising platform for magnetic-targeted and GSH-responsive delivery of therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous titania nanoparticles (NPs) can be used for encapsulation polyphenols, with applications in the food industry, cosmetics, or biomedicine. TiO2 NPs were synthesized using the sol-gel method combined with solvothermal treatment. TiO2 NPs were characterized through X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, the N2 adsorption method, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The sample prepared using Pluronic F127 presented a higher surface area and less agglomerated NPs than the samples synthesized with Pluronic P123. Grape marc (GM), a by-product from wine production, can be exploited for preparing extracts with good antioxidant properties. In this regard, we prepared hydroethanolic and ethanolic GM extracts from two cultivars, Feteasca Neagra (FN) and Pinot Noir. The extract components were determined by spectrometric analyses and HPLC. The extract with the highest radical scavenging activity, the hydroethanolic FN extract, was encapsulated in titania (FN@TiO2) and compared with SBA-15 silica support. Both resulting materials showed biocompatibility on the NCTC fibroblast cell line in a 50–300 µg/mL concentration range after 48 h of incubation and even better radical scavenging potential than the free extract. Although titania has a lower capacity to host polyphenols than SBA-15, the FN@TiO2 sample shows better cytocompatibility (up to 700 µmg/mL), and therefore, it could be used for skin-care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sustainable agricultural production, an efficient and environmentally-friendly nano-drug carrier system is a considerably efficient way to enhance the efficacy of pesticides and minimize ecological side effects. In this study, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as the silicon source with ammonia as the catalyst for the synthesis of hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) by a self-template method. HMS was loaded with emamectin benzoate (EB) by co-solvent method to prepare nano-drug carrier system (HMS-EB). Chitosan (CS) was covalently modified on the surface of HMS-EB to obtain a good foliage adhesion nano-drug carrier system (CS@HMS-EB). Results showed that the prepared CS@HMS-EB had a regular spherical shape and uniform particle size, with an average particle size of about 200 nm and a drug loading rate of 45.3%. Through the covalent interaction, CS successfully adhered to the surface of HMS-EB, which significantly improved the wetting, adhesion and retention capacity of EB on the surface of maize leaves. Moreover, under UV-light irradiation, the degradation rate of EB loaded in the CS@HMS-EB decreased by 40% compared with EB alone. Meanwhile, CS@HMS-EB had a good sustained release property. Importantly, Both indoor and field bioactivity evaluation assays showed that compared with commercial 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion (EB ME), CS@HMS-EB exhibited higher insecticidal activity against Spodoptera furgiperda larvae. This nano-drug carrier system does not contain organic solvents and has good insecticidal activity, which is expecting to play a broad application prospect in pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-aptamer recognition of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) is utilized to achieve high specificity. The method comprises two parts, aptamer-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with dissimilar dyes (thymolphthalein or curcumin) as signal transducers and aptamer-modified magnetic beads (MBs) as capture agents, which worked together to detect MCF-7 cells sensitively and accurately. The results indicated that the aptasensor has a linear detection range of 100 to 4000 cells and a detection threshold of 10 cells/mL. The method had been successfully employed to detect breast cancer cells in real blood samples to distinguish between breast cancer patients and healthy individuals. In conclusion, the development of the multi-aptamer-based colorimetric sensor offered a novel method for the highly selective detection of MCF-7 cells, contributing to the accurate identification of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of a collection of articles on porous nanomaterials. It discusses the importance and applications of these materials, such as catalysis, drug delivery, and energy storage. The document highlights recent advancements in the synthesis and characterization of porous nanomaterials, focusing on silica, carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and zeolites. It also presents specific studies on the synthesis and application of these materials, as well as their potential in various industries. The summary acknowledges the contributions of the authors to the Special Issue and emphasizes the need for continued research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

Since early developments in the field of mesoporous materials, mesoporous silica has attracted large interest in drug delivery, as they display an ordered array of pores with diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm, which can be loaded with drugs. Mesoporous silica dissolves at physiological pH, triggering the release of loaded drugs. Several studies have focused on determining the key factors that determine the biodistribution, biocompatibility, and toxicity both in vitro or in vivo. However, in vivo studies focused on the degradation of mesoporous silica materials are very scarce, despite its relevance for drug release. In this perspective, recent works addressing mesoporous materials degradation in the context of drug delivery are discussed, first from a physicochemical point of view, and secondly in in vivo settings, in animal models that are the closest conditions to the encountered when the mesoporous materials are administered to humans. Finally, further discussion about the future directions in the design of mesoporous nanomaterials for therapy and for the study of their biological fate are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic approaches that combine conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) with gas therapy (GT) to sensitize PDT are an attractive strategy, but the molecular structure design of the complex lacks effective guiding strategies. Results: Herein, we have developed a nanoplatforms Cy-NMNO@SiO2 based on mesoporous silica materials loaded NIR-activatable small-molecule fluorescent probe Cy-NMNO for the synergistic treatment of photodynamic therapy/gas therapy (PDT/GT) in antibacterial and skin cancer. The theoretical calculation results showed that the low dissociation of N-NO in Cy-NMNO enabled it to dissociate effectively under NIR light irradiation, which is conducive to produce Cy and NO. Cy showed better 1O2 generation performance than Cy-NMNO. The cytotoxicity of Cy-NMNO obtained via the synergistic effect of GT and PDT synergistically enhances the effect of photodynamic therapy, thus achieving more effective tumor treatment and sterilization than conventional PDT. Moreover, the nanoplatforms Cy-NMNO@SiO2 realized efficient drug loading and drug delivery. Conclusions: This work not only offers a promising approach for PDT-GT synergistic drug delivery system, but also provides a valuable reference for the design of its drug molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four candesartan cilexetil-loaded mesoporous silica dispersions were prepared through solvent immersion. • Dissolution in vitro of four formulations were evaluated using flow-through cell dissolution method. • Pore size and surface area of carriers played key roles in drug loading and release. • CC-XDP 3150 exhibited a 1.88-fold larger release of CC as compared to crystalline drug. • The relative bioavailability of CC-XDP3150 in rats was enhanced 326 % in comparison with CC. Candesartan cilexetil (CC) is one of well-tolerated antihypertensive drugs, while its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its use. Herein, two mesoporous silica (Syloid XDP 3150 and Syloid AL-1 FP) and the corresponding amino-modified products (N-XDP 3150 and N-AL-1 FP) have been selected as the carriers of Candesartan cilexetil to prepare solid dispersion through solvent immersion, and characterized through using powder X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, etc. The state of CC changed from crystalline to amorphous after loading onto the silica carriers, in which no interactions between CC and silica existed. Then, the dissolution behaviors in vitro were studied through using flow-through cell dissolution method. CC-XDP 3150 sample exhibited the most extensive dissolution, and the cumulative release of CC from it was 1.88-fold larger than that of CC. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic results in rats revealed that the relative bioavailability of CC-XDP 3150 and CC-N-XDP 3150 solid dispersions were estimated to be 326 % % and 238 % % in comparison with CC, respectively. Clearly, pore size, pore volume, and surface properties of silica carrier have remarkable effect on loading, dissolution and bioavailability of CC. In brief, this work will provide valuable information in construction of mesoporous silica-based delivery system toward poorly water-soluble drugs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) proves highly effective in addressing melanoma, and its synergy with targeted therapy offers a promising avenue in tumor treatment. However, the therapeutic outcome is largely impeded by the challenge of current photosensitizers and targeted drugs in reaching deep tumor tissues. Herein, a dually‐layered "microneedle rocket" termed PcNP/TRA‐HA‐Tyr/CLG‐MN is designed. The upper layer of the microneedle (MN) is composed of photodynamically active mesoporous silica nanoparticles, featuring photosensitizers covalently bonded to them. Within the mesopores of these nanoparticles lies trametinib (TRA), a compound that specifically targets the hyperactive MEK pathway present in melanoma cells. The lower layer is composed of an enzyme‐mediated hyaluronic acid‐tyramine hydrogel (HA‐Tyr/CLG) with collagenase (CLG), serving as rocket thrusters for remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor microenvironment. Among the three types of MNs prepared, the PcNP/TRA‐HA‐Tyr(II)/CLG‐MN exhibits the deepest penetration in tumor tissues and the longest retention time in vivo. Notably, the administrations of PcNP/TRA‐HA‐Tyr(II)/CLG‐MN alongside light irradiation significantly suppress the growth of A375‐xenografted tumors in mice. Together, the strategy of combining mesoporous silica nanoparticles, enzymatically cross‐linked hydrogels and CLG‐mediated ECM remodeling enables deep drug penetration and efficacious combination treatment against melanoma, showcasing significant potential in the realm of cancer nanomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/mesoporous silica EVA/SBA-15 nanocomposites, containing 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 wt% of unfunctionalized and functionalized SBA-15 were prepared by melt blending in an internal mixer. Mesoporous silica was synthesized through the sol-gel method and modified by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). Several characterizations were performed; including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric study to characterize the physicochemical properties of elaborated materials. The results revealed the successful synthesis and functionalization of mesoporous silica, as confirmed by the FTIR and SEM. The crystallinity of the nanocomposites decreased and the elastic modulus increased with the incorporation of the mesoporous silica. Measurement of tensile properties shows that the tensile strength of the nanocomposite content of 1.5 wt% F-SBA-15 is 17.2% is higher as compared to pure EVA. DMA analysis validates the improvement in mechanical properties of the EVA/SBA-15 samples. SEM images displayed well-dispersed F-SBA-15 nanoparticles and enhanced interfacial adhesion between the phases. TGA indicates the enhancement of the thermal stability of nanocomposites as compared with the pure EVA matrix. The surface functionalization presented an approach to preparing nanocomposites with enhanced thermal stability and a low dielectric constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) converts syngas into multi-carbon products, whose distribution is highly dependent on the catalyst structure. Here, nano-iron catalysts with different silica supports were prepared, and their activities and durability for Fischer-Tropsch to olefins (FTO) process were investigated. Fe/KCC-1 demonstrated the best FTO catalytic selectivity of 25.0% for C2–4= and an olefin-to-paraffin ratio of 1.68. Its open pore structure allowed primary olefins to escape quickly from the catalyst surface, lowering the probability for secondary reactions. However, its durability was lower than Fe/SBA-15 due to coke formation, pore structure collapse and Fe particle agglomeration. The thermal stability of SBA-15 resulted in its better durability, and the encapsulated Fe particles inside the cylindrical mesopores also allowed better resistance to sintering. However, the less open structure of Fe/SBA-15 led to longer residence time for the primary olefins and increased possibility for secondary reactions, causing undesired chain growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in cancer treatment have underscored the inadequacy of conventional monotherapies in addressing complex malignant tumors. Consequently, there is a growing interest in synergistic therapies capable of overcoming the limitations of monotherapies, leading to more personalized and effective approaches. Among these, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue for tumor management. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing thermoresponsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as a delivery system for the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. By incorporating photothermal agent copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles into the MSN, the resulting composite material exhibits potent photothermal properties. Furthermore, the integration of an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer within the silica outer layer serves as a "gatekeeper", enabling precise control over drug release kinetics. This innovative nanomaterial effectively merges thermoresponsive behavior with PTT, thereby minimizing the collateral damage associated with traditional chemotherapy on healthy tissues. Moreover, in both in vitro studies using mouse breast carcinoma cells (4 T1) and in vivo experiments utilizing a 4 T1 tumor-bearing mouse model, our nanomaterials demonstrated synergistic effects, enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of combined PTT and chemotherapy. With its remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency, robust stability, and biocompatibility, the UCST-responsive nanoplatform holds immense potential for clinical applications. Upon exposure to NIR laser irradiation, CuS nanoparticles induce photothermal conversion, elevating the temperature to the UCST and triggering the phase transition of the external polymer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states. This controlled response facilitates the release of Dox from the pores of MSN. The resulting nanocarrier, featuring a synergistic combination of PTT and chemotherapy, demonstrated exceptional anti-tumor efficacy at both cellular and animal levels. [Display omitted] • A cascade response mechanism utilizing photothermal and temperature-responsive nanoplatform has been achieved. • The outer layer of UCST-type polymer on C@M@P acts as a "gatekeeper" to enable precise control over drug release kinetics. • Upon NIR laser irradiation, CuS induce photothermal conversion, triggering the phase transition of the external polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the development of magnetic mesoporous silica functionalized with amine groups (MMS-NH2) for its combined capability in heavy metal removal and bacterial inhibition, aiming to address critical water treatment challenges. MMS-NH2 was successfully synthesized and meticulously characterized using various techniques: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for morphology, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface area and porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for functional group identification, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for thermal stability, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) for magnetic properties. The removal efficiency of five common heavy metals (Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Hg(II), and Cd(II)) from water using MMS-NH2 was investigated. influence of adsorbent dosage (0.05–2 g.L− 1), solution pH (2–10), and initial metal ion concentration (50–200 mg.L− 1) on the adsorption process was systematically investigated, revealing optimal conditions for each metal ion. Isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich) were employed to understand the adsorption mechanism, indicating a favorable and monolayer chemisorption process. Kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich) were used to study the adsorption kinetics, suggesting a rapid and chemisorption-controlled mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were calculated, confirming the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of MMS-NH2 was investigated against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The results demonstrated significant inhibition rates, ranging from 70 to 90%, for both bacterial strains. The amine group functionalization is attributed to enhancing both heavy metal adsorption capacity and bacterial inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Here, we report the preparation of a novel Janus nanoparticle with opposite Ir and mesoporous silica nanoparticles through a partial surface masking with toposelective modification method. This nanomaterial was employed to construct an enzyme-powered nanomachine with self-propulsion properties for on-command delivery. The cargo-loaded nanoparticle was provided with a pH-sensitive gate and unit control at the mesoporous face by first attaching boronic acid residues and further immobilization of glucose oxidase through reversible boronic acid esters with the carbohydrate residues of the glycoenzyme. Addition of glucose leads to the enzymatic production of H 2 O 2 and gluconic acid, being the first compound catalytically decomposed at the Ir nanoparticle face producing O 2 and causing the nanomachine propulsion. Gluconic acid leads to a pH reduction at the nanomachine microenvironment causing the disruption of the gating mechanism with the subsequent cargo release. This work demonstrates that enzyme-mediated self-propulsion improved release efficiency being this nanomotor successfully employed for the smart release of Doxorubicin in HeLa cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method and the surface of the SBA-15 was further modified by utilizing the organosilane compound γ- aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES); FT-IR testing confirmed the successful grafting of these organic groups onto the surface of the SBA-15, the result being the AP-S. Composite films were subsequently prepared through a casting method, with SBA-15 and AP-S serving as the inorganic filler particles, and PVA acting as the matrix material. These films were characterized by tensile texts, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and dielectric measurements. The results showed that the tensile modulus, loss modulus and dielectric properties of the modified AP-S/PVA composite films were improved compared with those of SBA-15/PVA, with the tensile strength being the largest at 145.25 MPa when the AP-S content was 2%. This result combined with the SEM analysis, shows that the incorporation of SBA-15 modified by APTES into PVA films can effectively improve the dispersion of SBA-15 in the PVA films, which can also explain the performance enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial infarction accompanied by diabetes mellitus is accepted as the most serious type of coronary heart disease, and among the current treatment strategies, the precise delivery of protective drugs for inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a biodegradable nanoparticles‐based delivery system with excellent macrophage escape, cardiac targeting, and drug release properties to achieve targeted therapy of myocardial infarction. Specifically, a copolymer of p(DMA–MPC–CD) combining self‐adhesion, hydration lubrication, and targeting peptide binding site was successfully prepared by free radical copolymerization, and it was self‐assembled on the surface of melatonin‐loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (bMSNs) following the integration of adamantane‐modified cardiac homing peptide (CHP) based on supramolecular host–guest interaction. Importantly, a hydration layer formed around the zwitterionic phosphorylcholine groups of the multifunctional nanoparticles, which was confirmed by the enhancement in hydration lubrication and reduction in coefficient of friction, prevented the nanoparticles from phagocytosis by the macrophages. The in vivo bioluminescence imaging test indicated that the nanoparticles were endowed with satisfied cardiac targeting capability, and the in vivo mice study demonstrated that the intravenous injection of drug‐loaded nanoparticles (namely bMSNs–Mel@PDMC–CHP) effectively reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alleviated myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and enhanced cardiac function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work reports the amine and mercapto bi-functionalized mesoporous silica MCM-41 for heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solutions. XRD, FTIR and N2 adsorption–desorption analyses confirmed that a series of bi-functionalized mesoporous silica MCM-41 with huge specific surface area were successfully obtained. In aqueous solution, the adsorption performance were evaluated by the adsorption of Zn(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Pb(II). The obtained results indicate that synthesis process has no significant influence on the structure and the existence of functional group resulted in outstanding adsorption capacity. The methodology of pre-hydrolysis was one effective treatment for grafting useful functional group on to mesoporous silica. The adsorption reactions for the adsorption of heavy metal ions by bi-functionalized silica-based mesoporous materials were spontaneous adsorption processes over the range of experimental temperatures. The adsorption isotherm is consistent with the Freundlich adsorption isotherms model. The Freundlich parameters KF and n indicated favorable adsorption. The adsorption kinetics of heavy metalions over these bi-functionalized mesoporous silica could be well described by pseudo-second-order models. Therefore, this bi-functionalized mesoporous material has promise for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bufalin (BA) is a potent traditional Chinese medicine derived from toad venom. It has shown significant antitumor activity, but its use is limited by cardiotoxicity, which necessitates innovative delivery methods, such as rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (rMSNs). rMSNs have been extensively employed for reducing drug toxicity and for controlled or targeted drug delivery in tumor therapy. However, their potential in delivering BA has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, in this study, BA-loaded rMSNs (BA-rMSNs) were developed to investigate their potential and mechanism in impairing colon cancer cells. Methods: rMSNs were developed via the sol‒gel method. Drug encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were determined to investigate the advantages of the rMSN in loading BA. The antiproliferative activities of the BA-rMSNs were investigated via 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and CCK-8. To evaluate cell death, Annexin V-APC/PI apoptotic and calcein-AM/PI double staining were performed. Western blotting, oil red O staining, and Nile red solution were employed to determine the ability of BA-rMSNs to regulate lipophagy. Results: The diameter of the BA-rMSNs was approximately 60 nm. In vitro studies demonstrated that BA-rMSNs markedly inhibited HCT 116 and HT-29 cell proliferation and induced cell death. In vivo studies revealed that BA-rMSNs reduced BA-mediated cardiotoxicity and enhanced BA tumor targeting. Mechanistic studies revealed that BA-rMSNs blocked lipophagy. Conclusions: rMSNs reduced BA-mediated cardiotoxicity and impaired the growth of colon cancer cells. Mechanistically, antitumor activity depends on lipophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraptosis is a non‐apoptotic and caspase‐independent programmed cell death that can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, representing a potent tactic to overcome immune tolerance to apoptosis. Here, this study demonstrates the construction of a dual‐responsive nanoreactor (MCGDH) to achieve paraptosis‐mediated ICD for chemo‐immunotherapy. Specifically, by doping Cu2+ into glutathione (GSH)‐responsive dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the platform (CGDMSN) is endowed with partial acid‐sensitivity. After loaded with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (8‐HQ), cell membrane fragments are coated onto the ammoniated CGDMSN surface to construct MCGDH. Upon internalization by tumor cells, the release of Cu2+ and 8‐HQ from MCGDH in response to the acidic pH and high concentration of GSH in the tumor microenvironment stimulates in situ generation of Cu(8‐HQ)2, inducing tumor cells paraptosis at a low copper dose. Moreover, MCGDH‐mediated paraptosis amplifies the immunogenicity of tumor cells, facilitating antigen presentation to dendritic cells and activating CD8+/CD4+ T cells immune responses. Furthermore, the combination of MCGDH and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies (αPD‐1) promotes the systemic anti‐tumor immune responses and long‐term immunological effect to vastly inhibit the primary/distant tumor growth and prevent tumor metastasis. This GSH/pH dual‐responsive nanoreactor serves as a selective platform for accelerating the development of chemo‐immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance of precious metal gold nanorods can be tuned by controlling the aspect ratio, and they find widespread applications in biotechnology, imaging, sensing, optoelectronics, photonics, and catalysis. Here, a method is proposed for the controlled etching of gold nanorods within mesoporous silica shells by using a certain concentration of H2O2 at room temperature. In the experiments, the amount of HCl is varied to adjust the acidity and/or change the amount of H2O2 to control the speed of corrosion, achieving controllable adjustment of the aspect ratio of the gold nanorods. The extinction spectra show that under the action of H2O2 and HCl, the longitudinal plasmonic resonance of the gold nanorods shifted to shorter wavelengths, and the intensity of the longitudinal plasmonic resonance decreased. The more hydrochloric acid or hydrogen peroxide added, the faster the corrosion rate of the gold nanorods, and the faster the blue shift of the longitudinal plasmonic resonance. In addition, the intensity of the extinction spectra at 320 nm increased linearly versus time, which can also be used to monitor the etching process. By corroding gold nanorods to control the plasmonic resonances, gold nanorods can find broader applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly stable single-excitation double-emission long afterglow phosphor is reported for use in dynamic anti-counterfeiting. The red phosphor ZnCaGa2O4:Cr3+ was introduced into the pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by in situ polymerization, and the green phosphor SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+, when embedded in silicon dioxide, provided a long-lasting waterproof afterglow. The anti-counterfeiting material emits red light under UV excitation at 254 nm and, on stopping the excitation, produces a long-lasting green afterglow. Traditional anti-counterfeiting methods often require the use of a variety of different excitation light sources to achieve different luminous effects, while this innovative material requires only one excitation light source to achieve red light and green afterglow, and greatly simplifies the preparation process of anti-counterfeiting materials. In addition, this material is highly stable and can maintain its luminescent properties for a long time under various environmental conditions and is not prone to fading or degradation. Single-excitation dual-emission long afterglow anti-counterfeiting materials can effectively prevent products from being counterfeited, and this study provides new ideas and methods for technological innovation in the field of anti-counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracellular bacterial (ICB) infection is one of the most life‐threatening cases of drug resistance, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is challenged by limited light penetration into tissues and unspecific toxicity to host cells. Herein, theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) are developed to facilitate on‐demand activation of photosensitizers inside ICBs and persistent PDT of deep‐tissue ICB infections. Mechanoluminescent SrAl2O4:Eu2+ and persistence luminescent CaS:Eu2+ are sequentially deposited on mesoporous silica to prepare mSC, followed by encapsulation by bacterial membranes with loaded nitroreductase (NTR)‐activatable methylene blue (nMB) to obtain mSC‐nMB@BM NPs. The fluorescence quenching of nMB with mSC offers few cytotoxicities even under ultrasonication, and bacterial membrane coatings mediate the specific NP internalization into ICB‐infected macrophages. Bacterial pore‐forming toxins trigger nMB release from NPs, and intrabacterial NTR rejuvenates methylene blue probes from nMB for real‐time imaging of ICB infections. Ultrasonication of NPs continuously excites the rejuvenated methylene blue to generate reactive oxidative species and reduce viable ICBs by 3.54 log magnitude folds. NP treatment on ICB‐infected mice exhibits full survival and restores viscera functions without any pathological abnormality. Therefore, this concise NP design demonstrates capabilities of bacterial membrane‐mediated specific internalization, bacterial toxin‐triggered release and intrabacterial NTR‐rejuvenation of fluorescent probes, and persistent internal light‐illumination for ICB theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]