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Comprehensive Summary: Inorganic lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanostructures, represented by formula CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), have garnered considerable interest for their exceptional optical properties and diverse applications. Despite their potential, challenges such as environmental degradation persist. In‐situ synthesis within protective materials pores is a promising way to address this issue. However, confining perovskite nanostructures into porous matrices during the synthesis can limit their photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) and tunability of optical properties. Various post‐treatment approaches exist to improve the properties of LHP and achieve their desired functionalities, but these strategies have not been explored for LHP confined in mesoporous matrices. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of in‐situ post‐synthetic treatments to improve the optical properties of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals grown in nanoporous silica microspheres. Surface passivation with Br– ion‐containing precursors boosts PL QY, while anion‐assisted cation doping with Mn2+ ions introduces a new PL band. The adjustment of precursor amount and doping duration enables precise control over the optical properties of LHP, while additional coating with a SiO2 shell enhances their stability in polar solvents, expanding the potential applications of these composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous ceramic materials used in applications such as catalysis, filtration, or sensing, are usually hierarchically structured. Thereby, their structural hierarchy is often inherently related to the manufacturing methods and cannot be independently locally designed along all length scales. This study combines light‐based additive manufacturing and bottom‐up light‐induced self‐assembly (LISA) sol‐gel chemistry to engineer hierarchically structured porous silica from the nanoscale to the macroscopic object geometry. A LISA‐based printing solution that enables printing of ordered mesoporous silica with geometrically complex shapes by using a commercially available digital light processing (DLP)‐based 3D printer is presented. This approach exploits the self‐assembly process of block copolymer mesopore templates, such as Pluronic P123, and hydrolysis and condensation of silica precursors upon irradiation in the 3D printer to shape mesoporous silica objects. Furthermore, different resins are added to the LISA solution to print 3D silica‐resin objects. Mesoporous silica objects up to 10 mm in size, consisting of ordered mesopores with diameters around 5 nm and having high specific surface areas of ≈400 m2 g−1 are successfully printed with a fast and easy post‐processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, mesoporous silica materials have gained attention due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, pore volume, size, and chemical stability. These characteristics make them effective in various fields, particularly efficient supports in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The present study developed a novel type of core-shell mesoporous microsphere material by anchoring phenylalanine on a core-shell SiO2@NiO@MS support. The catalyst support (SiO2@NiO@MS) was synthesized through homogeneous precipitation and sol-gel methods, with NiO encapsulated within the porous silica. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Elemental mapping analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was then employed for the synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-trione and spiro triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-tetraones compounds from 4-phenyl urazole, dimedone, and aromatic aldehydes or isatin derivatives. This synthetic approach offers multiple advantages, including high yields, faster reaction times, low catalyst requirements, and environmentally sustainable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D materials have garnered considerable interest in various applications from catalysis to energy storage. However, the self‐stacking and poor air stability of 2D materials (e.g., MXene) leads to serious performance degradation, in particular, of micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with narrow working voltage and low energy density. Here, a universal confined interfacial assembly strategy is demonstrated for controllably synthesizing a series of 2D mesoporous heterostructures for high‐voltage and high‐energy ionogel‐based MSCs. This assembly process reveals accurate controllability and extraordinary versatility, endowing the 2D mesoporous heterostructures with highly adjustable mesopore size (7–22 nm), tunable thickness (15–29 nm), variable carbon precursors (including oligochitosan, glucose, and sucrose), and replaceable 2D substrates (e.g., MXene, graphene, BN, and MoS2). As a proof of concept, the 2D mesoporous carbon@MXene based MSCs with ionic liquid ionogel electrolyte deliver ultrahigh voltage of 3.7 V, superior areal energy density of 181.3 µWh cm−2, excellent flexibility with 99% of capacitance retention at 180°, and excellent modular self‐integration for variable voltage/capacitance output, surpassing most reported MXene based MSCs. Therefore, this work will open a novel available paradigm for scalable fabrication of 2D mesoporous materials to target high‐performance and functional microscale power source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchically porous monolithic silica shows promise as a carrier material for immobilized organocatalysts. Conventional analysis usually includes physisorption, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis, among others, to elucidate the pore space and degree of functionalization of the material. However, these methods do not yield information about the spatial distribution of the organic species inside the monolithic reactor. In this work, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been applied to characterize the surface of organically functionalized silica monoliths. Cross sections of a silica monolith functionalized with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine were analyzed and the results were compared with physisorption and elemental analysis experiments of the same material. This way, insight into the radial distribution of the catalyst could be achieved, which might assist in interpreting the performance of such reactors in heterogeneous flow catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide as the main culprit of global temperature rising has seized the attention worldwide. CO2 capture and storage can rapidly decrease the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. As it is also recognized as eminent C1 source, reasonable CO2 utilization is a promising method for solving CO2 problems. Among various CO2 conversion pathways, epoxide-CO2 cycloaddition is a fascinating approach owing to its 100% atomic efficiency. Till nowadays, various sorbents and catalysts emerged for efficient CO2 capture and epoxide-CO2 cycloaddition catalysis. Mesoporous SiO2 as a good carrier attracts tremendous interests in its improvements for more effective CO2 capture and conversion catalysis in the past two decades resulting from its good hydrothermal stability and easy-modification. Abundant silanol as hydrogen bond donors also benefits the reaction catalysis. Functionalization from metal introduction to nonmetal active components supporting has been applied to improve the CO2 adsorption capacity and the catalytic activity of mesoporous SiO2 to epoxide-CO2 cycloaddition. Therefore, an overview on the progress in functionalized mesoporous SiO2 for CO2 capture and conversion to cyclic carbonates catalysis is summarized here to make a clear understanding to the role of functionalized mesoporous SiO2 as CO2 sorbents and catalysts in the epoxide-CO2 cycloaddition reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study of cadmium removal from nitrate medium using adsorption in calcined mesoporous silica (MCM-C), mesoporous silica doped (MCM_DIOPA), and calcined and impregnated mesoporous silica (MCM@DIOPA), with diisooctylphosphinic acid (DIOPA). The sorbents were synthesized via a sol–gel method. Several characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, N2 sorption and elemental analysis, have been used to determine the main structural, textural, and chemical properties of prepared sorbents. Batch adsorption and kinetics tests were carried out, where the influence of pH and contact time of the sorbents and their role in cation removal were studied. Experimental results show poor sorption efficiencies with MCM-C and MCM_DIOPA at pH 5.85. At the same pH, better cadmium extraction was attained by MCM@DIOPA and was achieved within 30 min. The pseudo-second-order model is the most appropriate model to describe the elimination mechanism of Cd(II) ions. The Langmuir equation was used to model the sorption isotherm and the maximum sorption capacity of Cd(II) is 22.16 mg/g (200 mmol/kg). The complex type of the probable extracted species isCdL2-HL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing interest in ecofriendly enzymatic processes. However, enzyme solubility limits the application of many biocatalysts in continuous systems, requiring the development of cost‐effective strategies for enzyme immobilization. Based on this premise, this study investigated the application of lipase immobilized in starch–alginate beads for oil transesterification in a tubular reactor. An economical derivative was produced by immobilizing Eversa Transform 2.0 in 50:50 (w/w) starch–alginate beads using the jet‐cutting technique. The biocatalyst had a particle size of about 500 μm and activity of 138.67 ± 18.53 U g−1. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed nitrogen content ranging from 6.38% to 7.29%, with uniform distribution of lipase throughout the beads. Nitrogen isotherms were characteristic of mesoporous materials, with an average pore diameter of 48.09 Å and low surface area (0.69 m2 g−1). A face‐centered central composite design was used to study soybean oil transesterification. In the best four runs, the process achieved a mean triglyceride conversion of 45%. High ester productivity levels (2.05 × 10−2% ester g−1 biocatalyst min−1 or 1.5 × 10−4% ester U−1 min−1) were obtained. Biocatalyst reuse led to a twofold increase in ester concentration (14.57% vs 7.7%). These findings confirm the successful development of a low‐cost biocatalyst suitable for use in continuous reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a highly regarded biodegradable and environmentally friendly material that is extensively researched and applied in the field of biomedicine due to its exceptional biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other advantageous properties. The monomer ε-Caprolactone (ε-CL) plays a critical role in the synthesis of PCL, making it a key focus of study. This paper describes the preparation of hydrotalcite HT-Zn and SBA-15 through simple synthetic methods, and the subsequent creation of a hydrotalcite/SBA-15 composite catalyst, named HT-Zn/SBA-15, through a post-generation approach combining hydrotalcite and SBA-15. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were employed to analyze the structures of the synthesized materials. The catalytic effects in Baeyer–Villiger oxidation were then investigated to examine the impact of various catalysts, solvents, and reaction conditions. The results indicated that utilizing HT-Zn/SBA-15 as the catalyst, acetonitrile as the solvent, and H2O2 as the oxidant, led to a conversion rate of cyclohexanone exceeding 80% and a selectivity of ε-CL surpassing 90% under the ideal reaction conditions. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability, being able to be reused up to six times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Atmospheric water harvesting through reticular materials is an innovation that has the potential to change the world. Here, this study offers a technique for creating a solar-powered hygroscopic polymer material for atmospheric water harvesting with the reticular materials. The results show that the porous hygroscopic polymer materials can achieve high performance with high vapor capture (up to ac. 28.8–49.7 mg/g at 28–38 %RH and 25 ℃), rapid photothermal conversion efficiency (up to 32.2 ℃ within 15 min under 1000 W/m−2 light at 25 ℃), a low desorption temperature (lower than 40 ℃), and an effective water release rate. Besides, the material also has excellent water-retention properties, which can effectively store desorbed liquid water in polymer networks for use by vegetation during water demand periods. The strategy opens new avenues for atmospheric water-harvesting materials, which will hopefully solve the global crisis of freshwater shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, nanomedicine has attracted much attention at the forefront of nanotechnology, gaining great expectations in the biomedical sectors. Among various nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles-based drug delivery is considered effective owing to their physicochemical stability and biological compatibility. Surface grafting and chemical conversion techniques were used to create an amphoteric functional ligand known as amidoxime ligand (AL) modified mesoporous silica material (MS-AL NPs). With this technique, amidoxime ligand groups can be introduced in greater concentration to the silica surface without compromising its structure. The active surface allows for surface functionalization and integration of medicinal substances. They are widely employed in the bio-medical industry for diagnostics, target administration of drugs, bio-sensing, cellular absorption, and so on. The function of the produced MS-AL NPs as a regulated drug delivery system was studied utilizing doxorubicin (Dox) as a model anticancer drug. Using the MCF-7 cell line, the biocompatibility and cellular uptake characteristics were investigated. Considering all factors, the MS-AL NPs may be used as pH-responsive drug carriers in cancer treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process of CO2 decomposition in dielectric barrier discharge reactor using mesoporous CeO2-NiO catalysts was studied. Mesoporous materials of MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCF types were used in this study to investigate the influence of the material structure on CO2 decomposition efficiency. The obtained catalysts were characterized by physico-chemical methods: low temperature N2 adsorption, X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CO2 conversion, CO yield and CO selectivity as well as energy efficiency and specific energy input were calculated. The comparison of process efficiency was conducted with that in the absence of any catalyst (plasma-only reactor). It was shown that in the presence of Ce-based catalysts, the conversion of CO2 (from 11 to 19%) and CO yield rise significantly, while CeNi samples show minor performance in CO2 plasma-catalytic dissociation. Porous characteristics affected the performance of CO2 decomposition. Using wide-porous MCF-type material as a support, it was possible to achieve the highest conversion due to enhanced CO2 adsorption in pores and subsequent plasma-catalytic decomposition. The combination of mesoporous silica material as a support and a CeO2 as an active component is promising for the plasma-catalytic CO2 splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woody biomass is an abundant renewable resource. In this study, aerogels for versatile triboelectric devices are fabricated from poplar biomass via a dissolution‐and‐regeneration method with concentrated lithium bromide solution as the solvent. To improve the aerogels' structural homogeneity, two treatments—ball‐milling the raw poplar woody biomass before its dissolution, and, separately, ultrasonication following its dissolution—were applied. These treatments altered the porous structures and mechanical properties of the resulting aerogels, leading to a marked increase in their triboelectric performance. Removing the majority of the lignin from the aerogels was also explored, and resulted in triboelectric output ≈5 times greater than that of pristine woody biomass aerogel (i.e., without ball milling, ultrasonication, or lignin reduction). The underlying mechanisms of such increases were found to be both chemical and physical. Next, triboelectric devices were fabricated using the optimal (i.e., low‐lignin) aerogel for energy harvesting and biomechanical monitoring. These devices were able to: 1) respond sensitively to force, likely due to the aerogel's porous structures; 2) capture mechanical energy, charge capacitors, and power small portable electronics; and 3) monitor biomechanical movements including respiration, joint motions, and gait‐pattern changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly aromatic hydrocarbons, pose significant environmental risks due to their toxicity and role in the formation of secondary pollutants. This study explores the potential of catalytic pyrolysis as an innovative strategy for the effective remediation and conversion of aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants. The research investigates the high-efficiency removal and resource recovery of the VOC toluene using a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized using the impregnation method and thoroughly characterized. Various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, were employed to characterize the Al2O3 support, NiO/Al2O3 precursor, Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, and the resulting solid carbon. Results indicate that Ni predominantly occupies the pores of γ-Al2O3, forming nano/microparticles and creating interstitial pores through aggregation. The catalyst demonstrated high activity in the thermochemical decomposition of toluene into solid carbon materials and COx-Free hydrogen, effectively addressing toluene pollution while recovering valuable resources. Optimal conditions were identified, revealing that a moderate temperature of 700 °C is most favorable for the catalytic process. Under optimized conditions, the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst removed 1328 mg/g of toluene, generated 915 mg/g of carbon material, and produced 1234 mL/g of hydrogen. The prepared carbon material, characterized by its mesoporous structure and high specific surface area graphite nanofibers, holds potential application value in adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. This study offers a promising approach for the purification and resource recovery of aromatic volatile organic compounds, contributing to the goals of a circular economy and green chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous clay heterostructures are a hybrid precursor between the pillaring process and organoclays. In this study, the organoclay was substituted by an aluminium intercalated species clay or pillared alumina clays. A porous clay heterostructure was successfully achieved from an aluminium intercalated species clay, due to the easy exchange of the aluminium species by the cosurfactant and silica species. However, using alumina pillared clays, the porous clay heterostructures were not formed; the alumina species were strongly attached to clay sheets which made difficult their exchange with cosurfactant molecules. In this case, the silica species were polymerized and decorated the surface of the used materials as indicated by different characterization techniques. The specific surface area of the porous clay heterostructure material reached 880 m2/g, and total pore volume of 0.258 cc/g, while the decorated silica alumina pillared clays exhibited lower specific surface area values of 244–440 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.315 to 0.157 cc/g. The potential of the synthesized materials was evaluated as a basic blue-41 dye removal agent. Porous clay heterostructure material has a removal capacity of 279 mg/g; while the other materials exhibited lower removal capacities between 75 mg/g and 165 mg/g. The used regeneration method was related to the acidity of the studied materials. The acidity of the materials possessed an impact on the adopted regeneration procedure in this study, the removal efficiency was maintained at 80% of the original performance after three successive regeneration cycles for the porous clay heterostructure. The Langmuir isotherm characteristics were used to propose a single-stage batch design. Porous clay heterostructures with a higher removal capacity resulted in a decrease in the quantities needed to achieve the target removal percentage of the BB-41 dye from an aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is an effective antiallergenic drug applied mostly orally; however, developing a topical formulation for localized treatment could be beneficial. To achieve this, a modified formulation technique is necessary to enhance bioavailability efficiency and minimize possible side effects. Therefore, levocetirizine particles were prepared by immobilization on mesoporous silica material. Both the dihydrochloride form and its free base of levocetirizine were fixed on a silica-type Syloid support. Immobilization of the active ingredient levocetirizine in a free base form on a Syloid support by mixing in a dichloromethane solution provides better surface coverage (65.5%) than immobilization in the dihydrochloride form in water or methanol (24.5% for both). The successful binding of levocetirizine was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared measurements. The active ingredient in the form of hydrochloride is more likely to be in the pores, while the free base is bound to the surface in larger quantities. The time-dependent levocetirizine release showed that the liberation of the active ingredient from the Syloid is slower than the dissolution of the starting active ingredient itself, so it may be suitable for exerting a more reliable and prolonged local effect. A gel containing a Syloid-fixed levocetirizine free base was tested in vivo in a croton oil-induced ear edema mouse model. When compared to a reference gel, the half-dose formulation containing levocetirizine free base demonstrated a similar efficacy to Fenistil gel, indicating that the new formulation may offer superior effectiveness at lower doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A portable mass spectrometer (PMS) was combined with a mesoporous silica material (SBA-15) coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow to develop a rapid, easy-to-operate and sensitive method for detecting five veterinary drugs—amantadine, thiabendazole, sulfamethazine, clenbuterol, and ractopamine—in milk and chicken samples. Equipped with a pulsed direct current electrospray ionization source and a hyperboloid linear ion trap, the PMS can simultaneously detect all five analytes in approximately 30 s using a one-microliter sample. Unlike traditional large-scale instruments, this method shows great potential for on-site detection with no need for chromatographic pre-separation and minimal sample preparation. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow, fabricated via electrospinning, demonstrated superior extraction efficiency compared to commercially available SPME Arrows. Optimization of the coating preparation conditions and SPME procedures was conducted to enhance the extraction efficiency of the SBA-15-SPME Arrow. The extraction and desorption processes were optimized to require only 15 and 30 min, respectively. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow–PMS method showed high precision and sensitivity, with detection limits and quantitation limits of 2.8–9.3 µg kg−1 and 10–28 µg kg−1, respectively, in milk. The LOD and LOQ ranged from 3.5 to 11.7 µg kg−1 and 12 to 35 µg kg−1, respectively, in chicken. The method sensitivity meets the requirements of domestic and international regulations. This method was successfully applied to detect the five analytes in milk and chicken samples, with recoveries ranging from 85% to 116%. This approach represents a significant advancement in food safety by facilitating rapid, in-field monitoring of veterinary drug residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed lignin-sulfonated (LS) to develop biobased carbon materials (LS-Cs) through a sulfur-doping approach to enhance their physicochemical properties, adsorption capabilities, and energy storage potentials. Various characterization techniques, including BET surface area analysis, SEM imaging, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental composition (CHNS), were employed to assess the quality of the LS-Cs adsorbent and electrode samples. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized for optimizing the two main properties (specific surface area, ABET, and mesopore area, AMESO) by evaluating three independent factors (i.e., activation temperature, ZnCl2:LS ratio, and sulfur content). According to the statistical analysis, ABET and AMESO were affected by ZnCl2 and sulfur content, while the pyrolysis temperature did not affect the responses in the studied conditions. It was found that increasing the ZnCl2 and sulfur contents led to an increment of the ABET and AMESO values. The LS-C materials exhibited very high ABETvalues up to 1993 m2 g−1 and with predominantly mesoporous features. The S-doping resulted in LS-Cs with high sulfur contents in their microstructures up to 15% (wt%). The LS-C materials were tested as adsorbents for sodium diclofenac (DCF) adsorption and reactive orange 16 dye (RO-16) and as electrodes for supercapacitors. The LS-Cs exhibited excellent adsorption capacity values for both molecules (197–372 mg g−1) for DCF, and (223–466 mg g−1) for RO-16. When tested as electrodes for supercapacitors, notably, LS-C3, which is a doped sample with sulfur, exhibited the best electrochemical performance, e.g. high specific capacitance (156 F/g at 50 mV/s), and delivered an excellent capacitance after 1000 cycles (63 F/g at 1 A/g), which denotes the noteworthy capacitive behavior of the S-doped electrode. Thus, the present work suggests an eco-friendly resource for developing effective, productive carbon materials for adsorbent and electrodes for SC application. However, further studies on the complete application of these materials as adsorbents and electrodes are needed for a deeper understanding of their behavior in environmental and energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immobilization of the reactive metal sites over high surface area porous nanomaterial is a very demanding route in designing novel nanocatalysts for the synthesis of valuable fine chemicals. Here we report an efficient, eco‐friendly and sustainable route for the synthesis of aminophenoxazinone derivatives via oxidative coupling of o‐aminophenols catalysed by a novel mesoporous highly ordered Ni(II)‐complex functionalized mesoporous heterogeneous organosilica catalyst. A novel structurally characterized Ni(II)‐complex derived from 2‐(I‐(2‐(piperizin‐1‐yl) ethylimino) methyl)‐5‐methylphenol ligand has been immobilised over a 2D‐hexagonally ordered functionalized mesoporous SBA‐15 synthesized via surface functionalization of SBA‐15 material with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain the Ni(II)‐nanocatalyst SANI. Its catalytic activity has been explored for three different substrates like o‐aminophenol (OAP), 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (CAP) and 2‐amino‐4‐methylphenol (MAP) that produces corresponding phenoxazinone derivatives having the yields of 92, 81 and 85 %, respectively. suggesting wide scope of this supported mesoporous nanocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica mesoporous materials have been the subject of wide scientific interest with various applications. However, the environmental impacts associated with their preparation have scarcely been studied. In the present work, we applied the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to the materials MCM-41, MCM-48, UVM-7, mesoporous Stober particles, SBA-15, SBA-16, HMS, KIT-5, KIT-6, MSU, FDU, nano-MCM-41 and nano-MCM-48 for small- (grams) and large-scale (several kilograms) production. Furthermore, various improvements are proposed, and the impact associated with each of them is quantified. The results show that the values of a single score, a normalized and weighed combination of the damage categories, and net greenhouse gas emissions (NGHGE) are highly dependent on the synthesis procedures. On a small scale, the main impact is due to the use of energy and solvents. By contrast on a large scale, the use of solvents, tetraethylorthosilicate and the structure directing agent are the main determinants. From the values obtained for the different materials and scenarios, we estimate that the preparation of this class of materials could have an NGHGE of 54 ± 30 and 31 ± 18 kg CO2 eq. per kg of mesoporous material for small- and large-scale production, respectively. The use of calcination versus extraction, the incorporation of renewable energy and distillation/rectification are initiatives that can contribute to a significant reduction of the environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the adsorption of pollutants with different chemical structures; organic Naphtol Green B (NGB) dye and copper on a nanocomposite material with a hexagonal structure of the SBA-15 type. This research is divided into two main parts: the first carries out the synthesis of SBA-15 (Santa Barbra Amourphous) and its derivatives phases functionalized by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxylane (APTES) and calcined at 823 K. The second part presents the influence of the adsorption conditions on the adsorption efficiency of NGB dye and copper. High-resolution X-ray diffractogram (XRD) showed three distinct peaks characteristic of highly ordered mesoporous material. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of SBA-15 at 77 K° is type IV typical of mesoporous materials. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was also used in the characterization before and after the adsorption of the selected pollutants. At optimal conditions of pH 5.2, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 20 mg, and at adsorption time of 90 min the maximum removal of pollutants reached 76% and the adsorption capacity was 227.25 mg/g for NGB dye and 221.006 mg/g for copper. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism and the Sips isotherm model best described the adsorption data. Our research demonstrates that the SBA-15 material after modification is an effective adsorbent for removing effluents regardless of their different chemical structure (organic and inorganic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides a comprehensive survey of the preparation and application of homogeneous and heterogeneous boron and indium alkoxide catalysts and typical Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction process techniques that are usually employed in the production of alcohol. A significant number of preparation and application methods are now available for various heterogeneous catalysts synthesized with some mesoporous silica nanoparticles. In this review article, preparation, characterization, application and advantages of boron and indium alkoxides grafted metal-free mesoporous heterogeneous catalysts are discussed. Also, recent research on applying mesoporous MCM-41 and SBA-15 to heterogeneous catalysis in synthesizing heterogeneous MPV catalysts has been reviewed. The potential heterogeneous catalysts that could be derived from the grafting of alkoxides on mesoporous materials, methods of preparing solid boron and indium alkoxide catalysts, as well as reusability and leaching analysis are discussed in detail. We think that the development of new, environmentally friendly, efficient, and selective catalytic procedures for carbonyl reduction and alcohol formation, represents a fundamental research aim in synthetic chemistry. In this context, this review can make an important contribution to organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of a collection of articles on porous nanomaterials. It discusses the importance and applications of these materials, such as catalysis, drug delivery, and energy storage. The document highlights recent advancements in the synthesis and characterization of porous nanomaterials, focusing on silica, carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and zeolites. It also presents specific studies on the synthesis and application of these materials, as well as their potential in various industries. The summary acknowledges the contributions of the authors to the Special Issue and emphasizes the need for continued research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

Since early developments in the field of mesoporous materials, mesoporous silica has attracted large interest in drug delivery, as they display an ordered array of pores with diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm, which can be loaded with drugs. Mesoporous silica dissolves at physiological pH, triggering the release of loaded drugs. Several studies have focused on determining the key factors that determine the biodistribution, biocompatibility, and toxicity both in vitro or in vivo. However, in vivo studies focused on the degradation of mesoporous silica materials are very scarce, despite its relevance for drug release. In this perspective, recent works addressing mesoporous materials degradation in the context of drug delivery are discussed, first from a physicochemical point of view, and secondly in in vivo settings, in animal models that are the closest conditions to the encountered when the mesoporous materials are administered to humans. Finally, further discussion about the future directions in the design of mesoporous nanomaterials for therapy and for the study of their biological fate are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic approaches that combine conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) with gas therapy (GT) to sensitize PDT are an attractive strategy, but the molecular structure design of the complex lacks effective guiding strategies. Results: Herein, we have developed a nanoplatforms Cy-NMNO@SiO2 based on mesoporous silica materials loaded NIR-activatable small-molecule fluorescent probe Cy-NMNO for the synergistic treatment of photodynamic therapy/gas therapy (PDT/GT) in antibacterial and skin cancer. The theoretical calculation results showed that the low dissociation of N-NO in Cy-NMNO enabled it to dissociate effectively under NIR light irradiation, which is conducive to produce Cy and NO. Cy showed better 1O2 generation performance than Cy-NMNO. The cytotoxicity of Cy-NMNO obtained via the synergistic effect of GT and PDT synergistically enhances the effect of photodynamic therapy, thus achieving more effective tumor treatment and sterilization than conventional PDT. Moreover, the nanoplatforms Cy-NMNO@SiO2 realized efficient drug loading and drug delivery. Conclusions: This work not only offers a promising approach for PDT-GT synergistic drug delivery system, but also provides a valuable reference for the design of its drug molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transesterification reaction between ethylene carbonate (EC) and methanol is a sustainable method to produce dimethyl carbonate (DMC). As typical solid bases, carbon nitride (CN) materials have demonstrated catalytic application in many base-catalyzing reactions. In this work, in order to increase the surface area and improve the base intensity of the CN material, microporous MCM-22 was utilized to load CN, and then treated by NaOH (a.q.), thus enabling CN/MCM-22 composites being transferred into mesoporous CN-SiAlO materials. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials were analyzed by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TG, and CO2-TPD. As mesoporous base catalysts, the CN-SiAlO materials showed superior catalytic activity to the bare CN and CN/MCM-22 in the transesterification reaction of EC with methanol. Under reaction temperature of 130 °C and reaction time of 3 h, the yield of DMC was up to 83.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous alumina spherical particles, synthesized via spray-drying with the self-assembly of EO n PO m EO n , have been utilized for the development of clinical-grade molybdenum-99/technetium-99 m (99Mo/99mTc) generators. When evaluated as molybdenum (Mo) adsorbents, the mesoporous alumina spherical particles are useful for effective adsorption of Mo ions rather than commercially available particulate alumina. The effects of surfactant removal methods on the Mo adsorption property are also systematically investigated using the batch method. Batch adsorption studies reveal practical adsorption capacities ranging from 45.9 to 91.2 mg Mo g−1 in a Mo solution (1000 mg Mo L−1) at pH 3. The experimental results indicate the following trend in Mo adsorption capacity: solvent extraction >calcination (400 °C and 800 °C) >commercially available alumina (Medical Al2O3 used as is). To explore the feasibility of developing a clinical-scale generator, a novel tandem column generator concept is employed. Using the spray-dried and extracted mesoporous alumina, 99mTc eluted from the generator exhibits high radionuclidic, radiochemical, and chemical purity, making it suitable for the preparation of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A porous, crosslinked aromatic polyamide having COCl and COOH groups (referred to as PA herein) prepared had a mesoporous structure and comprised agglomerates of particles with average diameters of approximately 30 nm. The PA was found to swell with significant deformation in response to water vapor, but was almost unchanged after exposure to toluene vapor. The polymeric structure returned to its original porous morphology after removal of the solvents, demonstrating that the PA possessed affinity for specific solvents and shape memory. The chemical composition and porous structure of the PA were also not affected by heating to 330 °C. The COCl groups in the PA could be modified by reaction with 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine (TAP), resulting in a doubly crosslinked structure based on the reaction with the TAP as well as the existing amide moieties in the polymer. The degree of modification was highly dependent on the reaction solvent used. The porous structure of the PA was essentially unchanged after this modification. The TAP‐based crosslinks in the modified PA could be selectively cleaved along with vaporization of the TAP by heating at 330 °C, which no change to the porous structure. Thus, the PA showed excellent heat resistance and structural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly active transition metal oxides mesoporous materials have tremendous potential applications in energy storage and catalysis due to their great physicochemical performance. However, the regulation of porous structures still faces many challenges, and the synthesis of mesoporous materials is usually costly and long-time consuming. Herein, using CoO as the example, a strategy based on KOH activation and substitution reaction has been proposed to prepare CoO nanoarrays mesoporous material and improve its electrochemical performance. The CoCO3Co(OH)2 nanoarrays on Ni foam are transformed into a Co(OH)2 nanoarrays with high crystallinity through the substitution reaction in KOH solution. Meanwhile, the activation effect of KOH provides abundant porous structures for etching the nanoarrays. During the annealing process, the high crystallinity of Co(OH)2 effectively alleviates pore collapse, thereby obtaining a CoO nanoarrays mesoporous material with excellent electrochemical performance (denoted as A-CoO@NF). As the positive electrode material for supercapacitors, A-CoO@NF shows a high specific capacity of 775.6 C g−1, far higher than that of CoO@NF (416.5 C g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to its unique mesoporous structures, which positively promote electrolyte permeation and ion diffusion, and the ultrafine nanocrystals and smaller lattice parameters provide numerous edge active sites and enhance the conductivity. The strategy proposed here is expected to become a template-free, low-cost, and efficient preparation route for synthesizing more types of highly active metal oxide mesoporous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiol‐functionalized mesoporous silica and materials potentially dedicated to diverse applications of composite materials, metal colloids, and metal catalysts, etc. Here, we developed a new synthesis route for 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MPTMS) functionalized mesoporous silica (KIT‐6), achieving a 71.5 % enhancement in thiol functionalization on KIT‐6 surfaces. Characterization using XRD, TEM, BET, FTIR, Raman, 29Si NMR, XPS, and ICP‐OES revealed structural and morphological features. XRD, TEM, and BET confirmed the three‐dimensional structural stabilization of mesoporous silica with ~4 nm pore diameter and a surface area of 1451 m2 g−1. FTIR, Raman, and 29Si NMR studies established the mechanism of thiol functionalization, the formation of a new wormhole chain structural framework (WCSF), and stabilization through hydrogen bonding within the mesopores. The 29Si NMR spectra showed characteristic peaks (T3, T2, Q4, Q3) indicating self‐condensed functionalized thiols with siloxane networks. XPS analysis validated enhanced thiol functionalization, indicating a structurally homogeneous WCSF suitable for mercury adsorption. ICP‐OES measured a mercury adsorption capacity of 3199.6 mg g−1 for KIT‐6, with an Hg2+/S ratio of 1.8, corroborated by molecular structure and mechanism analysis. This innovative thiol functionalization approach enhances the efficacy of applications such as extracting Hg2+ from contaminated sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a porous Co 3 O 4 anode material with capsule–shaped morphology is prepared by a simple solvothermal method and subsequent heat treatment process in air. The as–synthesized CoCO 3 precursor and Co 3 O 4 sample are systematically studied and analyzed by a series of testing technologies, such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, (HR)TEM, TGA, XPS and N 2 adsorption/desorption measurement. As negative materials in Li–ion batteries, the Co 3 O 4 active material exhibits high charge/discharge specific capacity, good rate performance and satisfactory cycle stability. The excellent electrochemical properties are inevitably related to the structural characteristics of the electrode material itself, including regular morphology, rich pore structure, large specific surface area, high crystallinity, nanoscale particle size, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the ever increasing need to develop more efficient and sustainable methods for removing heavy metal contaminants from aqueous systems, the following article reports on the design of highly mesoporous alginate‐derived materials (Starbon®) and their application to the adsorption of heavy metals. Using the Starbon® process to expand, dry and pyrolyse an inherently porous polysaccharide precursor, it was possible to produce mesoporous materials (BJH mesopore volumes 0.81–0.94 cm3 g−1) with large surface areas (157–297 m2 g−1) across a range of low pyrolysis temperatures (200–300 °C). The mechanisms of thermal decomposition were explored in terms of chemical and structural changes using N2‐sorption porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, titration, FT‐IR spectroscopy and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that, as a result of intermolecular dehydration and crosslinking, sufficient chemical stability is obtained by the intermediate temperature of 250 °C, with limited improvement seen at higher temperatures. In addition, the materials retained large metal adsorption capacities (0.70–1.72 mmol g−1) as well as strong selectivity for Cu2+ ions (over Co2+ and Ni2+), as compared to commercial petrochemical‐derived cation exchange resin Amberlite™ Mac 3H. Thus, highlighting the potential of Starbon® materials as a sustainable answer to the widespread problem of heavy metal‐contaminated wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast developing world is in search of measures to control the accumulation of unused by‐products and waste materials generated during the production of useful commodities. Accordingly, wastes from agro‐industrial sectors can form raw materials for the production of various resources that are extensively used in many areas such as gas sorption and energy production. In the present work, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), the vesicant liquid present in the outer shell of cashew seed, forms the source material for the synthesis of porous organic polymers for carbon dioxide capture. Herein, novel types of hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are synthesized via a simple Friedel–Crafts reaction with CNSL as the starting material. Polymerization of natural CNSL with dimethoxymethane/bis‐(chloromethyl)‐biphenyl as external crosslinker provides products in quantitative yield. One of the synthesized HCP is tuned to attain the required high porosity by carbonization at elevated temperatures using an activator. Thus, activated carbon material prepared at 700°C is found to have a high surface area of 880 m2/g with a good carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of 14.72 wt%. These porous materials had moderate isosteric heat of adsorption (23–31 kJ/mol) with excellent recycling capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐performance catalysts for formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation is of extreme significance to the successful production of hydrogen under ambient conditions. Despite some encouraging progress, their activity is still unsatisfied than needed. In this work, it is presented that Lewis acidic VOx sites engineered ultrafine PdAu nanoclusters (PdAu‐VOx) perform perfectly for hydrogen production from FA dehydrogenation. Strikingly, the best catalyst — PdAu‐VOx embed in amino‐functionalized hollow mesoporous support (PdAu‐VOx/NHMS) discloses an impressive initial turnover frequency of 14155 h−1 and a low activation energy of 31.2 kJ mol−1 without additives at room temperature, and maintains 100% selectivity and conversion in the tenth cycle reaction. Mechanistic investigations illustrate that VOx species can serve as the Lewis acid sites, which not only regulate the adsorption strength of reactant and intermediate on PdAu, but also reinforce the C─H bond activation within FA molecule, thereby promoting the reaction kinetics for efficient hydrogen production. This work thus provides a strategy for the development of new‐style heterogeneous catalysts with Lewis acid‐base sites applied to a variety of energy‐related catalytic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous materials find widespread applications due to their high specific surface area, contributing to enhanced performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of mesoporous materials provides valuable insights into their mesostructures. However, direct observation of the outermost surfaces, which often dictate material properties, remains challenging, especially for highly insulating and fragile compounds. In this study, utilizing SEM observation with ultra‐low‐voltage acceleration directed by Gemini column is proposed to achieve direct surface imaging of mesoporous organic materials with highly insulating and fragile characteristics. By observing mesostructured polymers obtained through a soft‐templating method without washing, stuffed pores are identified allowing the differentiation of micelle templates and polymer walls. Moreover, leveraging SEM measurements, a polymerization mechanism is proposed for dopamine on the polymer micelles adhered to the graphene oxide nanosheets. These findings demonstrate the potential of SEM measurements with ultra‐low accelerating voltage in facilitating surface observations of polymer‐derived nanomaterials characterized by high insulating properties and a fragile framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, amine-functionalized and Ni(II)-immobilized mesoporous silica materials were synthesized. This research aimed to synthesize mesoporous silica based on rice husk ash functionalized with amine and immobilized with Ni(II). The activity of amine-functionalized and Ni(II)-immobilized mesoporous silica materials was studied for the acetylation of benzyl alcohol with acetic anhydride as the acetylating agent. First, mesoporous silica was synthesized using rice husk ash using the sol-gel method, followed by amine functionalization using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and Ni(II) immobilization through ultrasonic treatment. The results obtained showed that amine-functionalized and Ni(II)- immobilized mesoporous silica (SiO2/APTES/Ni(II)) were successfully synthesized, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry data. In addition, the synthesized materials had an average pore diameter of 12.83 nm. Afterward, the catalytic activity test showed that SiO2/APTES/Ni(II) was able to convert 98.34% of benzyl alcohol in the acetylation reaction at 45 °C for 5 h. The use of the SiO2/APTES/Ni(II) catalyst for three cycles obtained percent conversion values with a slight decreases (98.34%, 95.20%, and 90.61%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminosilicate (Al‐SiO2) thin films with vertically aligned mesochannels were successfully synthesized on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes and employed for the immobilization of a cationic Ru(II) water oxidation catalyst without requiring linker groups. Optimal synthesis conditions yielded uniform mesoporous Al‐SiO2 films with tunable Al content, high surface area (568 m2/g), 3.94 nm pore size, and 155 nm thickness. Electrochemical studies confirmed the presence of the immobilized Ru complex undergoing diffusion‐controlled Ru(III/II) and Ru(IV/III) electron transfer. The Ru loading reached 4.71 nmol/cm2 at Si/Al=9.6, with higher Al content enhancing loading amounts via cation exchange. The Ru‐modified electrode exhibited high electrocatalytic water oxidation activity, achieving 75.3 % Faradaic efficiency and a turnover number of 298.6 for O2 evolution for 1 hour. This work provides a new approach to construct porous environments on an electrode surface to immobilize positively charged transition‐metal complexes as catalysts, offering potential applications in the development of electrocatalytic systems for energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient catalysts for visible light reactions is vital in the field of photocatalysis. This study focuses on the synthesis of novel ternary composites (α-DMACoPc/TiO2/MIL-101 (Fe)) by leveraging the excellent adsorption properties of MIL-101 (Fe), the photosensitizing capabilities of phthalocyanine, and the photocatalytic potential of TiO2. The nanocomposites' structural and optical attributes were thoroughly analyzed. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was utilized to showcase the crystalline nature of the composites. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies confirmed the formation of ternary nanocomposites. Optical absorption investigations demonstrated the tuning of the optical band gap from the UV to the visible range. The results indicated that nearly 94% of the organic material was decomposed after 150 min of exposure to simulated sunlight from a xenon lamp. This high efficiency can be attributed to the synergistic interaction among the composites, enhancing light absorption. The composite's robust stability was evidenced through cyclic tests. Valuable information was provided to advance the design and synthesis of photocatalysts consisting of metal–organic frameworks synergized with semiconductors. Exploring the possibility of mesoporous materials was based on MOFs for photodegradation of organic pollutants. The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by MOFs mesoporous materials was also investigated. The potential of composite materials in the field of dye degradation of industrial waste is confirmed. The good recycling photocatalytic reusability indicates the promising application of this photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cu2O nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel technique and subsequently functionalized with extracts from plants of the Rauvolfioideae subfamily and citrus fruits. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM, and TEM, were employed to evaluate the structural and surface properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that both functionalized Cu2O nanoparticles exhibit mesoporous structures, as confirmed by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution analysis. The green extract functionalized nanoparticles displayed a more uniform pore size distribution compared to those functionalized with the orange extract. The study underscores the potential of these functionalized Cu2O nanoparticles for applications in drug delivery, catalysis, and adsorption processes, highlighting the influence of the functionalization method on their textural properties and performance in antibacterial efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusional limitations associated with zeolite microporous systems can be overcome by developing hierarchical zeolites, i.e., materials with a micro- and mesoporous framework. In this work, Y and ZSM-5 zeolites were modified using a surfactant-mediated hydrothermal alkaline method, with NaOH and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). For Y zeolite, after a mild acidic pretreatment, the effect of the NaOH+CTAB treatment time was investigated. For ZSM-5 zeolite, different concentrations of the base and acid solutions were tested in the two-step pretreatment preceding the hydrothermal treatment. The properties of the materials were studied with different physical–chemical techniques. Hierarchical Y zeolites were characterized by 3.3–5 nm pores formed during the alkaline treatment through the structure reconstruction around the surfactant aggregates. The effectiveness of the NaOH+CTAB treatment was highly dependent on the duration. For intermediate treatment times (6–12 h), both smaller and larger mesopores were also obtained. Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites showed a disordered mesoporosity, mainly resulting from the pretreatment rather than from the subsequent hydrothermal treatment. High mesoporosity was obtained when the concentration of the pretreating base solution was sufficiently high and that of the acid one was not excessive. Hierarchical materials can be obtained for both zeolite structures, but the pretreatment and treatment conditions must be tailored to the starting zeolite and the desired type of mesoporosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN-K) was prepared using mesoporous KIT-6 material as a template and ethylenediamine and carbon tetrachloride as N and C sources, respectively. The synthesized MCN-K was treated with sulfuric acid under different experimental conditions, thus obtaining sulfonated MCN-KS adsorbents. The effects of initial solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount, and temperature on Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye removal were investigated. The XRD, FT-IR, and N2 adsorption–desorption analyses confirmed that the mesoporous carbon nitride structure was successfully synthesized. The high nitrogen content (C/N molar ratio: 4.0) of the MCN-K sample was confirmed by (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur) CHNS elemental analysis. The XPS analysis was used to characterize the chemical states of the C, N and S atoms in the MCN-K and MCN-KS sorbents. It was found that there was not much difference between the removal percentages (93.13–89.92%) obtained in the pH range (4–12) studied. This result was attributed to the zwitter-ion form of Rh-B. The exothermic nature of the adsorption process of Rh-B on the MCN-K sorbent was determined by adsorption experiments performed at different temperatures. Adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model were 185.2–104.2 mg/g in the studied temperature range. The kinetic behavior of the adsorption process was explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model in terms of both correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.91) and qe (35.59–190.26 mg/g) values. When the percentages of dye removal of the un-sulfonated and sulfonated samples were compared, it was found that sulfonation increased the adsorption rate considerably but did not contribute positively to the dye removal percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly-aluminium chloride (PAC) sludge is a waste product created during drinking water treatment, usually generated in large quantities and typically landfilled. More attention must be directed to environmental-friendly management and economically sustainable of Al-based sludge. In this work, a low-cost and environmental-friendly adsorbent prepared by sodium alginate coated PAC sludge (SPS) was investigated for fluoride removal. Basic preparing parameters including heating temperature (200–800°C), sodium alginate concentration (0.5–5 wt%), particle size (1–2 mm, 2–3 mm, 3–4 mm) and operating parameters including dosage (1–14 g/L), solution pH (4–11), temperature (10–35°C), co-existing anions (NO3−, Cl−, SO42-, PO43-) were examined to evaluate the optimum defluoridation capacity. The prepared SPS adsorbents reached a high removal efficiency of 95.6% with initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L, dose of 8 g/L, contact time of 24 h, pH value of 7 and temperature of 10°C. The kinetic study indicated that fluoride adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics well (R2 = 0.9942), and adsorption isotherms can be well described by Freundlich model (R2 = 0.9952). Thermodynamic studies showed the fluoride adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. The elements and functional groups of SPS adsorbents were analysed by using EDS and FTIR, respectively. The adsorption mechanism involved physisorption, ligand-exchange and electrostatic attraction. According to N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, the SPS was mesoporous material which facilitated the adsorption of fluoride ions. Also, aluminium presented in form of Al-OH in SPS adsorbents had significant contribution in fluoride adsorption. The concentration of the residual aluminium ions was 4.48 × 10−3 mg/L which is lower than the China Drinking Water Standard. The encouraging results of this preliminary study indicated that SPS is an environmental-friendly and cost-effective treatment option for groundwater with fluoride pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent improvements in advanced technology for toxic chemical remediation have involved the application of titanium oxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst. However, the large energy bandgap associated with titanium oxide nanoparticles (3.0–3.20 eV) is a limitation for their application as a photocatalyst within the solar spectrum. Various structural modification methods have led to significant reductions in the energy bandgap but not without their disadvantages, such as electron recombination. In the current investigation, biochar was made from the leaves of an invasive plant (Acacia saligna) and subsequently applied as a support in the synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles. The characterization of biochar-supported titanium oxide nanoparticles was performed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformer infrared, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The results showed that the titanium oxide was successfully immobilized on the biochar's external surface. The synthesized biochar-supported titanium oxide nanoparticles exhibited the phenomenon of small hysteresis, which represents the typical type IV isotherm attributed to mesoporous materials with low porosity. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of a mixture of rutile and anatase crystalline phase titanium oxide. The synthesis of biochar-supported titanium oxide nanoparticles was highly efficient in the degradation of Orange II Sodium dye under solar irradiation. Moreover, 83.5% degradation was achieved when the biochar-supported titanium oxide nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts in comparison with the reference titanium oxide, which only achieved 20% degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (B-OMCs) were synthesized by a onepot soft-templating strategy, where resorcinol and formaldehyde were used as carbon sources, boric acid was used as boron source, and Pluronic F127 was used as structure directing agent. The effect of temperature and the boric acid content on the physical and electrochemical properties of the resultant materials were investigated. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used for elemental analysis of the samples. The synthesis temperature did not have an overall positive effect on the doping of boron with a fixed amount of boron source. However, there was a clear increase in the doped-boron content when both the temperature and the boric acid content were increased. Nitrogen adsorption analysis isotherms showed that the samples had similar ordered mesoporous structures with surface areas varying between 535 and 712 m²/g. The uniform morphology in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also confirmed the ordered mesoporous structure. Employing cyclic voltammetry analysis, the highest oxygen reduction activity (-0.28 mA/cm²) was achieved with the highest boron-doping percentage (0.29%) for a synthesis temperature of 77°C and boric acid to carbon ratio of 2. These results show that the boron-doped ordered mesoporous carbon is a promising material as catalyst support for improving the oxygen reduction reaction activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The membrane technology has been receiving significant interest in both research and industrial applications, particularly in the separation of CO2/CH4. These methods, as published, aim to overcome the limitations of pure polymeric membranes and offer an alternative approach in separation techniques where membrane technology can overcome the constraints of conventional methods such as Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE). Fabricating membranes using fillers as adsorbents can enhance membrane separation performance due to their porous nature. Hence, the selection of suitable fillers is crucial to maximize membrane efficiency in separating analytes. This paper will review 3 types of fillers-metal-organic frameworks, carbonaceous nanomaterials and mesoporous molecular sieves-from various research papers published in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of oncology has transformed in recent years, with treatments shifting from traditional surgical resection and radiation therapy to more diverse and customized approaches, one of which is immunotherapy. ICD (immunogenic cell death) belongs to a class of regulatory cell death modalities that reactivate the immune response by facilitating the interaction between apoptotic cells and immune cells and releasing specific signaling molecules, and DAMPs (damageassociated molecular patterns). The inducers of ICD can elevate the expression of specific proteins to optimize the TME (tumor microenvironment). The use of nanotechnology has shown its unique potential. Nanomaterials, due to their tunability, targeting, and biocompatibility, have become powerful tools for drug delivery, immunomodulators, etc., and have shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. In particular, these nanomaterials can effectively activate the ICD, trigger a potent anti-tumor immune response, and maintain long-term tumor suppression. Different types of nanomaterials, such as biological cell membrane-modified nanoparticles, self-assembled nanostructures, metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous materials, and hydrogels, play their respective roles in ICD induction due to their unique structures and mechanisms of action. Therefore, this review will explore the latest advances in the application of these common nanomaterials in tumor ICD induction and discuss how they can provide new strategies and tools for cancer therapy. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of these nanomaterials, researchers can develop more precise and effective therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients. Moreover, these strategies hold the promise to overcome resistance to conventional therapies, minimize side effects, and lead to more personalized treatment regimens, ultimately benefiting cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized mesoporous materials have become a promising carrier for enzyme immobilization. In this study, Santa Barbara Amorphous 15 (SBA-15) was modified by N-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy (R). R-SBA-15 was employed to purify and immobilize recombinant β-glucosidase from Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans (BgpA) in one step for the first time. Optimum pH of the constructed R-SBA-15@BgpA were 7.0, and it has 20 ℃ higher optimal temperature than free enzyme. Relative activity of R-SBA-15@BgpA still retained > 70% at 42 ℃ after 8-h incubation. The investigation on organic reagent resistance revealed that the immobilized enzyme can maintain strong stability in 15% DMSO. In leaching test and evaluation of storage stability, only trace amount of protein was detected in buffer of the immobilized enzyme after storage at 4 ℃ for 33 days, and the immobilized BgpA still maintained > 50% relative activity. It also demonstrated good reusability, with 76.1% relative activity remaining after fourteen successive enzymatic hydrolyses of epimedin A to sagittatoside A. The newly proposed strategy is an effective approach for the purification and immobilization of BgpA concurrently. In addition, R-SBA-15@BgpA was demonstrated to have high efficiency and stability in this application, suggesting its great feasibility and potential to produce bioactive compounds such as secondary glycosides or aglycones from natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent immobilization of chiral dienes in mesoporous solids for asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis is highly attractive. In order to study confinement effects in bimolecular vs monomolecular reactions, a series of pseudo‐C2‐symmetrical tetrahydropentalenes was synthesized and immobilized via click reaction on different mesoporous solids (silica, carbon, covalent organic frameworks) and compared with homogeneous conditions. Two types of Rh‐catalyzed reactions were studied: (a) bimolecular nucleophilic 1,2‐additions of phenylboroxine to N‐tosylimine and (b) monomolecular isomerization of isoxazole to 2H‐azirne. Polar support materials performed better than non‐polar ones. Under confinement, bimolecular reactions showed decreased yields, whereas yields in monomolecular reactions were only little affected. Regarding enantioselectivity the opposite trend was observed, i. e. effective enantiocontrol for bimolecular reactions but only little control for monomolecular reactions was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]