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Fluorinated carbohydrate mimetics are valuable molecular fragments in contemporary Glycoscience. Available synthetic protocols are mainly restricted to the preparation of 'standard' monofluorinated derivatives, whereas their more complex C(sp(3))-CF3 congeners remain virtually underdeveloped. A protocol for accessing a series of previously uncharted 2-deoxy-2-trifluoromethyl-d-hexopyranosides from d-glycals is disclosed. The stereoselectivity of the glycosylation step, which is mainly governed by a combination of electronic and more dominant steric factors, revealed a pronounced substrate control rendering 1,2-trans glycosides as a result of the configuration of the CF3 moiety at C-2. The synthetic utility of this approach was demonstrated in the preparation of 2-CF3-glycoconjugates of natural origin, including disaccharides, cholesterol analogs, amino acids, and sphingosine/phytosphingosine derivatives.

Two saccharine-based electrophilic reagents were developed for the direct introduction of SCH2CF3 and SCH2CF2H motifs via a C−S bond forming reaction. Their large-scale preparation and reactivity performance has been carefully examined, enabling access to a series of indoles through open-flask reactions. Sulfone and sulfoxide analogs (S(O)nCH2RF, n=1,2) are also accessible by sequential oxidation reactions. (Figure presented.).

The introduction of fluoroalkylthioether groups has attracted the attention of the drug-discovery community given the special physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features they confer to bioactive compounds, yet these are often limited to standard SCF3 and SCF2H moieties. Herein, two saccharin-based electrophilic reagents have been disclosed for the incorporation of uncommon SCF2CF2H and SCF2CF3 motifs. Their reactivity performance, multigram-scale preparation, and divergent derivatization have been thoroughly investigated with a variety of nucleophiles, including natural products and pharmaceuticals.

Eating and weight disorders often develop early in life and cause a long-standing significant health burden. Given the documented role of emotional intelligence (EI) in shaping the body image and predicting the onset of eating disorders, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in EI among youth is fundamental to designing specific interventions for screening and prevention of obesity and eating disorders (EDs). The present systematic mapping review was aimed to explore and quantify the nature and distribution of existing research investigating the impact of EI on EDs in young people. A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess the included studies’ methodological quality. The included studies’ results were mapped based on stratification by age groups (children, preadolescents, and adolescents), population (clinical vs. non-clinical) and disordered eating outcomes. Nine studies were included, supporting the association between EI and body image dissatisfaction, ED risk and bulimic symptomatology, but not with anorexic symptoms. Research on children and clinical populations was scant. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of EI in the genesis and maintenance of EDs.