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Inflammation is a major impediment to the healing of cartilage injuries, yet bioactive scaffolds suitable for cartilage repair in inflammatory environments are extremely rare. Herein, we utilized electrospinning to fabricate a two-dimensional nanofiber scaffold (2DS), which was then subjected to gas foaming to obtain a three-dimensional scaffold (3DS). 3DS was modified with metal phenolic networks (MPNs) composed of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and strontium ions (Sr2+) to afford a MPNs-modified 3D scaffold (3DS-E). Gas-foamed scaffold exhibited multilayered structure conducive to cellular infiltration and proliferation. Compared to other groups, 3DS-E better preserved chondrocytes under interleukin (IL)-1β induced inflammatory environment, showing less apoptosis of chondrocytes and higher expression of cartilage matrix. Additionally, 3DS-E facilitated the regeneration of more mature cartilage in vivo, reduced cell apoptosis, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Taken together, 3DS-E may offer an ideal candidate for cartilage regeneration.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal diseases, which accounts for a large proportion of physical disabilities worldwide. Herein, we fabricated injectable gelatin/poly(L-lactide)-based nanofibrous microspheres (MS) via electrospraying technology, which were further modified with tannic acid (TA) named as TMS or metal phenolic networks (MPNs) consisting of TA and strontium ions (Sr2+) and named as TSMS to enhance their bioactivity for OA therapy. The TA-modified microspheres exhibited stable porous structure and anti-oxidative activity. Notably, TSMS showed a sustained release of TA as compared to TMS, which exhibited a burst release of TA. While all types of microspheres exhibited good cytocompatibility, TSMS displayed good anti-inflammatory properties with higher cell viability and cartilage-related extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. The TSMS microspheres also showed less apoptosis of chondrocytes in the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)-induced inflammatory environment. The TSMS also inhibited the degradation of cartilage along with the considerable repair outcome in the papain-induced OA rabbit model in vivo as well as suppressed the expression level of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β). Taken together, TSMS may provide a highly desirable therapeutic option for intra-articular treatment of OA. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease, which is caused by the inflammation of joint. Current treatments for OA achieve pain relief but hardly prevent or slow down the disease progression. Microspheres are at the forefront of drug delivery and tissue engineering applications, which can also be minimal-invasively injected into the joint. Polyphenols and therapeutic ions have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of diseases related to the joints, including OA. Herein, we prepared gelatin/poly(L-lactide)-based nanofibrous microspheres (MS) via electrospinning incorporated electrospraying technology and functionalized them with the metal phenolic networks (MPNs) consisting of TA and strontium ions (Sr2+), and assessed their potential for OA therapy both in vitro and in vivo. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of M1-type macrophages are dominant cells secreting proinflammatory present within the inflamed synovium in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Increased oxidative stress, such as redundant ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are important factors in driving macrophages to polarize into M1 type. In this study, metal-polyphenol nanoformulations (Cu-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Cu-EGCG) nanosheets) were synthesized through the coordination interaction between EGCG and copper ions, which possessed the antioxidant effect of EGCG and anti-inflammatory of Cu2+. Results showed that Cu-EGCG nanosheets were biocompatible and the Cu2+ could be sustained released from the nanoparticles. Cu-EGCG nanosheets with multienzyme-like antioxidative activity could effectively scavenge the excessive intracellular ROS, leading to significantly decreased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could reduce the expression of M1-type macrophages and exhibit excellent promotion on shifting macrophages to M2 phenotypes. Moreover, the secreted factor from the cell supernatant of Cu-EGCG treated macrophages exhibited anti-inflammatory potential in chondrocytes of inflamed synovial joints. This study suggests a novel strategy for OA therapy by using metal-polyphenol nanoformulations targeting macrophages.

[Display omitted] • Developed a flow method for preparing MNP@MPN film microreactors. • Layer-by-layer self-assembly and in-situ reduction, no redox agents required. • Precise control of film thickness and metal loading, excellent catalysis. • Eco-friendly, versatile method extendable to various MNPs and microreactors. • Construction of cascade microreactor for highly sensitive detection of nitrite. A pioneering, eco-friendly methodology has been developed for the immobilization of metal nanoparticles embedded in metal phenolic networks (MNPs@MPNs) on the inner surfaces of capillary microreactors, eliminating the need for redox reagents. This innovative approach enables precise control over the MPN film thickness and the loading capacity of MNPs. The microreactor functionalized with this novel film exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride, achieving a near-quantitative conversion efficiency of 100%. Furthermore, we highly sensitively detected nitrite by assembling MNP@MPN microreactors as cascade reactors. The successful scale-up of this methodology to larger microreactors not only validates its versatility but also underscores its immense potential for implementation in the chemical industry, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient chemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the initial exploration of utilizing metal-phenolic networks (MPN) to augment the structure of soy protein isolate (SPI) gels. By employing EGCG and zinc ions to create MPN at varying pH levels (5, 7, and 9), the research investigates the impact of MPN on the texture, mechanical properties, and microstructure of SPI gels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that MPN binds to SPI through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The findings indicate that the incorporation of MPN significantly enhances the structure of SPI gels. It is noteworthy that the MPN at pH 5 is the most effective in enhancing rheological properties, showing a 4 to 5-fold increase in the storage modulus. Conversely, the MPN at pH 7 excels in strengthening the 3D network, which boosts the mechanical properties, leading to a 1.88-fold increase in compressive stress. Furthermore, the addition of MPN enhances the structural integrity, thermal stability, and water retention of SPI gels, showcasing the potential of MPN as an innovative reinforcement method for food protein gels. [Display omitted] • EGCG and Zn2+ were used to fabricate metal-phenolic networks (MPN). • MPN successfully enhances the network structure of SPI gels. • Different pHs of MPN have different tendencies to enhance SPI gels. • MPN-pH 7 increases SPI gels compression stress by 1.88 times. • MPN improves SPI gel's water-holding capacity and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of soy protein isolate (SPI) nanoparticles as a stabilizer in nano-emulsion systems has garnered significant interest. While metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) have been explored for their multifunctional surface modification capabilities, their integration with food protein-based delivery systems remains less explored. In this study, we attempt to develop a novel strategy to encapsulate cinnamaldehyde using MPNs (EGCG-Fe3+) with self-assembling soy protein nanoparticles (SE-Fe NPs) as a stabilizer for nano-emulsions. UV, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that SE-Fe NPs were generated through metal-phenolic coordination and covalent interactions. SE-Fe NPs had a narrower particle size distribution and enhanced radical scavenging (up to 3.35-fold), as well as thermal stability. Furthermore, the smaller droplet size, higher modulus, higher cinnamaldehyde encapsulation efficiency (from 63.5% to 84.2%), and improved bio-accessibility of SE-Fe NPs stabilized nano-emulsions delivery system demonstrated in this study shows promising future applications in the food industry. [Display omitted] • EGCG and Fe3+ were used to fabricate metal-phenolic networks (MPNs). • The MPNs with soy protein self-assembly nanoparticles (SE-Fe NPs) were prepared. • Nano-emulsions stabilized by the SE-Fe NPs were successfully prepared. • The nano-emulsions showed higher encapsulation efficiency and bioaccessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is a major impediment to the healing of cartilage injuries, yet bioactive scaffolds suitable for cartilage repair in inflammatory environments are extremely rare. Herein, we utilized electrospinning to fabricate a two-dimensional nanofiber scaffold (2DS), which was then subjected to gas foaming to obtain a three-dimensional scaffold (3DS). 3DS was modified with metal phenolic networks (MPNs) composed of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and strontium ions (Sr 2+ ) to afford a MPNs-modified 3D scaffold (3DS-E). Gas-foamed scaffold exhibited multilayered structure conducive to cellular infiltration and proliferation. Compared to other groups, 3DS-E better preserved chondrocytes under interleukin (IL)-1β induced inflammatory environment, showing less apoptosis of chondrocytes and higher expression of cartilage matrix. Additionally, 3DS-E facilitated the regeneration of more mature cartilage in vivo , reduced cell apoptosis, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, 3DS-E may offer an ideal candidate for cartilage regeneration., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

[Display omitted] • A novel chiral membrane PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC induced by TA-Zn networks was fabricated. • A series of PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC were prepared by adjusting the amounts of TA and MOC. • PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC-2 membrane exhibited outstanding permeability for D -MA enantiomer. • PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC-2 presented excellent selectivity for D -MA with an ee value up to 71%. • The chiral recognition mechanisms for D/L -MA was further elucidated by NMR titration. High-performance chiral membrane materials hold great promise for the separation of pharmacological enantiomers. The key to achieving high-enantioselective chiral membrane separation is the development of suitable chiral membrane materials. However, traditional chiral separation membranes still face several limitations, including the main problem of the permeability-selectivity trade-off. In this study, a kind of novel chiral metal–organic cage (MOC) modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, namely PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC, was fabricated successfully by growing the chiral MOC [Zn 3 L 2 ] onto the surface of PVDF substrate membranes induced by tannic acid (TA)-Zn2+ (TA-Zn) networks. In brief, ultrathin TA-Zn2+ metal-phenolic network coating was first adhered onto the surface of PVDF substrate membranes, followed with the in-situ growth of chiral MOC [Zn 3 L 2 ] that was triggered by the coordination-enabled adhesion of Zn2+. A series of chiral PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC membranes were prepared with different hydrophilic properties and MOC loading by adjusting the concentrations of TA and metal/ligand. The transport and separation performances of these membranes were investigated for the mandelic acid (MA) enantiomers, and as a result, when the addition of TA was 1 mg and the metal ion concentration was 3.125 × 10-3 mol·L-1, the chiral membrane PVDF@TA-Zn@MOC-2 exhibited the most extraordinary entrapment ability in both permeability and selectivity for D -MA with an enantiomeric excess value of up to 71 % at a feed solution concentration of 300 ppm for 6 h under the neutral conditions. This method allows for the construction of the chiral hydrophilic MOC nanocoating membranes, which has the potential to broaden the applications of chiral MOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of M1-type macrophages are dominant cells secreting proinflammatory present within the inflamed synovium in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Increased oxidative stress, such as redundant ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), are important factors in driving macrophages to polarize into M1 type. In this study, metal-polyphenol nanoformulations (Cu-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Cu-EGCG) nanosheets) were synthesized through the coordination interaction between EGCG and copper ions, which possessed the antioxidant effect of EGCG and anti-inflammatory of Cu2+. Results showed that Cu-EGCG nanosheets were biocompatible and the Cu2+ could be sustained released from the nanoparticles. Cu-EGCG nanosheets with multienzyme-like antioxidative activity could effectively scavenge the excessive intracellular ROS, leading to significantly decreased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could reduce the expression of M1-type macrophages and exhibit excellent promotion on shifting macrophages to M2 phenotypes. Moreover, the secreted factor from the cell supernatant of Cu-EGCG treated macrophages exhibited anti-inflammatory potential in chondrocytes of inflamed synovial joints. This study suggests a novel strategy for OA therapy by using metal-polyphenol nanoformulations targeting macrophages. [Display omitted] • Metal-polyphenol nanoformulations synthesized through the coordination interaction between EGCG and copper ions were investigated. • The Cu-EGCG could scavenge the excessive intracellular ROS and modulate synovial macrophages M2 polarization. • The cell supernatant of Cu-EGCG treated macrophages exhibited anti-inflammatory potential in chondrocytes of inflamed synovial joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) are an emerging class of supramolecular surface modifiers with potential use in various fields including drug delivery. Here, the development of a unique MPN-integrated core-satellite nanosystem (CS-NS) is reported. The "core" component of CS-NS comprises a liposome loaded with EDTA (a metal ion chelator) in the aqueous core and DiR (a near-infrared photothermal transducer) in the bilayer. The "satellite" component comprises mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) encapsulating doxorubicin and is coated with a Cu 2+ -tannic acid MPN. Liposomes and MSNs self-assemble into the CS-NS through adhesion mediated by the MPN. When irradiated with an 808 nm laser, CS-NS liberated the entrapped EDTA, leading to Cu 2+ chelation and subsequent disassembly of the core-satellite nanostructure. Photo-conversion from the large assembly to the small constituent particles proceeded within 5 min. Light-triggered CS-NS disassembly enhanced the carrier and cargo penetration and accumulation in tumor spheroids in vitro and in orthotopic murine mammary tumors in vivo. CS-NS is long circulating in the blood and conferred improved survival outcomes to tumor-bearing mice treated with light, compared to controls. These results demonstrate an MPN-integrated multistage nanosystem for improved solid tumor treatment., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)