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Background: The study aimed to determine some of the heavy metal toxicity in cosmetics, which are as follows (powder face, blush, eye shadow, eyeliner, and lipstick). Measurements were made at Tikrit University, College of Engineering, during the period from 1/11/2022 to 1/3/2023. Methods: been collected (25) samples were randomly selected that were purchased from Iraqi local markets. The samples were prepared and analyzed, after dividing them into the Measured the elements manganese, Chromium, Zink, Platinum, and Cobalt using atomic absorption. Results: The measurements gave the highest concentration of manganese range (0.698µg/g to 23.06µg/g), While the lowest concentration of platinum was not detected, this study showed that all metallic and heavy metals were less than in previous studies and within the limit allowed by the World Health Organization. Conclusion: This study analyzed twenty-five cosmetic products across five types (lipstick, face powder, blush, eyeliner, and eyeshadow) from various brands sold in Iraqi markets. The researchers detected the presence of the heavy metal's manganese, cobalt, chromium, platinum, and zink in these cosmetics at differing concentration levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The versatile metabolism of microorganisms allows biodegradation of a wide variety of contaminants; however, the increasing scale of the industry exceeds its po- llutant processing capacity. Due to its high toxicity, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is one of the heavy metals with the greatest global dissemination and concern. There are numerous investigations focused on proposing treatments to purify the different ecosystems affected with this metal; however, knowledge about various microorganisms from the same source that could help solve this problem is restricted. Objective. To evaluate the efficiency in the reduction of Cr(VI) of bacterial consortia (B. thuringiensis, B. amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus sp.) in a Batch type treatment, using municipal wastewater from Río Pasto as a substrate. Methodology. A mathematical model was formulated that reliably predicted the behavior of the consortia, in relation to their growth and reduction percentage, the results of the simulations were compared with experimental data to select the consortium with the best Cr(VI) reduction results). Subsequently, its efficiency in the reduction of Cr(VI) was determined, using unsterilized residual river water as a substrate. Results. The statistical analyzes highlighted the absence of statistically significant differences in the reduction percentages between the consortia. However, with the selected culture, a reduc- tion percentage of 91% was presented in 156 hours. Conclusion. The results found in this research are promising for their application in the improvement of treatment practices for Cr(VI) bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of current Mexican legislation regarding soil restoration and updating needs is made through the analysis of three case studies located in the southeastern México: a) soil affected by spillage of congenital waters (Zone 1), b) soil contaminated by hydrocarbons (Zone 2) and, c) a site adjacent to urban infrastructure (Zone 3). It was performed a comparative analysis of the soils conditions in the short and long term after the anthropogenic impact and restoration process that were carried out in each studied location. It was found that important properties of the soils do not recover after the weathering process, for instance in Zone 1, DR and DA as well as %Po did not reach equivalent values to the control sample and the soil texture is different even after a long recovery period. For Zone 2, it was detected important variations in the concentration of Ca, Na and K in both the impacted and recovered soils which affect the growth of plantations. In Zone 3, there were found significative differences in DA, %Po; %L, %R, %MO and CEC parameters. The current normative considers general aspects, but does not contemplate the actual site situation, there is an information gap due to this, although it was observed achievement of physical and chemical properties for the recovery soil use in each site, it was also noticed that the evaluations do not consider if these properties can change over time due to weather conditions, therefore, they could influence the success of each restoration process in the long term. The information generated can be used to make decisions about government rescue programs for the primary sector or as a starting point in the implementation of Environmental Bases Lines (LBA) for the hydrocarbon sector.

Background: Soil serves as a major reservoir for contaminants as it can bind to various chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of some metals (Cd, Cu, Fe and V) in soil samples collected from different stations of Ahvaz Industrial Complex II to determine the natural and anthropogenic contribution of metal in the soil. Methods: This was an experimental study that carried out in 2013. Soil samples were obtained from 9 stations and were subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe and V in soil were determined by ICP-OES. Contaminant factor (CF) and geo-accumulation index (I-geo) were used to evaluate the soil pollution in the samples. ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range and Pearson correlation coefficient matrix tests was used to analyze the data. Results: According to I-geo results, the soil samples of the Ahvaz Industrial Complex II could be classified as strongly to very strongly pollute for Cd and it was unpolluted to moderately pollute for Cu, Fe and V. The amount of anthropogenic pollution was more than that of natural sources and the anthropogenic order of metals pollution was Fe (88%)> Cu (83%)> Cd (75%)> V (61%). Conclusion: Metals concentrations are the highest at a distance of 300m from the pollution source. V, Cu and Cd pollutants are probably originated from oil industries.

OBJECTIVES: to estimate the amount of cadmium in human colostrum of mothers from Taubaté. METHODS: it was a cross-sectional study with mothers who delivered in University Hospital of Taubaté, in year 2003. The colostrum was collected in special tubes, one day after the delivery and frozen at -200 C. The independent variables were maternal age, birthweight, gestational age, parity, dietary habits, smoking report and maternal occupation. Cadmium was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was used Mann-Whitney non-parametric approach to compare mean values; Pearson correlation was also used to verify associations. The level of significance was alpha = 5%. RESULTS: the mean value of cadmium was 54.5 mg/L (sd=381.0 mg/L). Cadmium was detected in 18 out of 58 samples (31.0%). There was neither correlation nor differences between the cadmium values and the independent variables maternal age, birthweight, gestational age, parify and smoking report. CONCLUSIONS: these values are above those the amounts described in other papers and it is important to identify the possible sources of this heavy metal in maternal environment.OBJETIVOS: estimar a quantidade de cádmio em colostro de mães de Taubaté. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal envolvendo mães que deram à luz no Hospital Universitário de Taubaté, no ano de 2003. O colostro foi coletado até um dia após o parto, em tubos de polipropileno previamente tratados e refrigerado a -20° C. As variáveis independentes foram idade materna, peso do recém-nascido, idade gestacional, paridade, hábitos alimentares, relato de fumo e ocupação materna. Cádmio foi quantificado através da técnica da espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Foram utilizados a técnica não-paramétrica de Mann-Whitney para comparação das médias e a correlação de Pearson para verificar associações. O nível de significância adotado foi alfa = 5%. RESULTADOS: o valor médio de cádmio encontrado foi 54,5 mg/L (dp = 381,0 mg/L), sendo quantificado em 18 de 58 amostras (31,0%). Não foram observadas correlações nem diferenças entre o conteúdo de cádmio e as variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÕES: os valores encontrados neste estudo estão acima dos encontrados por outros autores e é importante identificar as possíveis fontes deste contaminante no ambiente materno.

Air pollution is considered as an important growing public health issue, due to its harmful effects on ecosystems and its inhabiting organisms, like humans, animals and plants (1,2,3,4,5,6). Chronic exposure to components of air pollution, including heavy metals, has been linked to health problems in humans; reports include heart, respiratory and neurological diseases, cancer predisposition, problems on embryonic development and death (7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,1 8). Heavy metals like lead, cadmium and arsenic are toxic and not biodegradable (19,20,21), therefore they persist, biomagnify and accumulate in the environment and organisms, crossing the different trophic levels that constitute an ecosystem through the food chain (1,3,4,15,22,23,24,25,26,27). Wild animals could be useful as environmental biomarkers of environmental hazards present in the ecosystem shared with humans (28). The usefulness of studying birds as biomarkers of environmental pollution has been recognized in multiple research studies (1,4,5,6,27,29), because these animals occupy different trophic levels in the ecosystems, are widely distributed and are highly sensitive to atmospheric changes in the environment, allowing in this way, to monitor the environmental health of the ecosystem they inhabit (4,27,29,30,31). This issue reaffirms the importance of using biological indicators like birds, in research studies intended to quantify the state of the environmental health of ecosystems, the presence of heavy metals and its relationships to human diseases, in order to establish plans for prevention and control regarding public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite increasing concern regarding health problems as a result of environmental pollutants, no association of toxic heavy metals with sarcopenia has been demonstrated in the general population. We investigated the association of heavy metals, including lead, mercury and cadmium, with sarcopenia in the Korean population., Methods: Participants included 344 males and 360 females older than 65 years based on data from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. Measurements of blood lead, mercury and cadmium levels were performed. To evaluate the cumulative effect of the three heavy metals, subjects were categorized into quartiles. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria for the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) (SMI<5.4 kg/m(2) in females and <7.0 kg/m(2) in males)., Results: Of 704 elderly persons (344 in males and 360 in females), prevalences of sarcopenia were 26.7% (92/344) in male and 7.5% (27/360) in female. Mean serum levels of lead in sarcopenia group were significantly higher than non-sarcopenia males (P=0.03). After adjustment for confounding factors, odds ratio for sarcopenia were increased with concentration category of lead (P=0.005 and P<0.001), mercury (P=0.001 and P<0.001) and cadmium (P=0.010 and P<0.001) in males and females, respectively., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that high levels of blood lead, mercury and cadmium increase the prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders of elderly populations.