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Objectives: Bone age (BA) is used in age determination for a number of medico-legal reasons. One of the most commonly used radiographic methods in BA assessment is to compare hand-wrist radiographs with a standard reference. In this study, Greulich-Pyle (GP) method was used to determine the bone maturation values of a population of children and adolescents living in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Methods: Hand and wrist radiographs of 507 individuals (243 boys and 264 girls) aged between 7–19 years were evaluated and the BA was estimated by a radiologist using the GP method. Difference between estimated BA and chronological age (CA) was analyzed. Results: In boys, except for the ages of 12,13 and 17 years, BA was significantly lower than the chronological age. In girls, BA was significantly lower than CA at 7, 8, 18 and 19 years of age, but not statistically different in the other ages. Conclusion: According to the GP atlas, it is suggested that many factors including high altitude, cold climate, environment, nutrition, genetics, ethnics and socio-economic diversities might cause differences between BA and CA. Our results obtained in this study suggest that this method can guide the determination of bone age in children living in Erzurum, Turkey. However, in certain age groups for both genders, the GP method significantly underestimated skeletal age.

SOLAK İLE SAĞLAK ÇOCUKLAR ARASINDA VÜCUT PARAMETRELERİNDE BİR FARK OLUR MU? ÖZET AMAÇ Bu çalışmada, 6-14 yaş çocuklarda sağlak ve solaklar arasında boy, ağırlık, vücut yüzey alanı (BSA) ve vücut kitle indeksi (BMI) gibi vücut parametrelerinde farklılık olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 6-14 yaş arası 122 çocuk dahil edilmiş olup, bunların 57’si kız, 65’i erkektir. 6-8, 8-10, 10-12 ve 12-14 yaş gruplarına ayrılan çocuklardan 14 kız ve 16 erkek, toplamda 30’u solaktır. Solaklık tespiti, çocukların günlük işlerde ve fiziksel aktivitelerde baskın olarak tercih ettikleri elin hangisi olduğu sorularak yapıldı. Çocukların boy, ağırlık, BSA ve BMI gibi vücut parametreleri saptandı. Bunlar, yaş grupları, cinsiyet ve el tercihlerine göre (sağlak, solak) tasnif edildi. İstatistiki analizde SPSS 15.0 kullanıldı. Farklılıkların tespiti için Student t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve multivariate ANOVA testi yapıldı. BULGULAR Yaş grupları arasında boy, ağırlık, BSA ve BMI’da istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılıklar saptandı (p0.05). 10-12 yaş grubu çocuklarda, kız ile erkek çocuklar arasında ağırlık ve BMI’da anlamlı farklılık görüldü (p0.05). SONUÇ Solak ile sağlak çocuklar arasında vücut parametrelerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.

BJECTIVES Thyroid gland volume may vary physiologically during pregnancy and lactation. We aimed to determine ultrasonographic changes in thyroid volume in this study.MATERIALS AND METHODS The thyroid ultrasound in 30 mothers was performed at the 9th months of gestation, and also 6th and 12th months after delivery, to calculate thyroid volume. The volume of each lobe was estimated in cubic centimeters using the equation of Brunn et al. The volume of each thyroid gland was obtained by collecting the volume of the right and left lobes. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 15.0 package program.RESULTS The mean volume of the thyroid gland in women in the control group was 11.95 ± 1.90 mL. When compared with the control group, a significant increase in thyroid gland volume was seen in the third trimester. Decrease at the sixth month after delivery was not significant. But the decline in the values in the twelfth month was statistically significant.CONCLUSION Knowing the limits of this physiological increase will be important in distinguishing it from other possible pathologies. We think that the mean thyroid volume values we find will be useful in daily clinical practice.

Background. Kidney size varies with age in children. It is therefore clear that a standardisation of measurements by age group is required. Objectives. To determine the normal renal length of healthy children in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey using ultrasonography and to study the relationship between renal length and sex, age, body height and weight, repsectively. Methods. A retrospective study of 310 children aged 0 - 16 years (150 girls and 160 boys) was performed. The children were divided into 11 age groups. Scanning was performed with a 3.5 MHz ultrasound probe in the supine position. The ultrasonographic appearance of the kidneys we measured was normal. The maximum length of each kidney was measured. The renal length was correlated with somatic parameters including age, body height and weight. Regression equations were derived for each pair of dependent and independent variables. Results. No difference was found between the renal lengths of the boys and girls ( p >0.05). The mean left renal length was greater than the right renal length, and this difference was statistically significant ( p

Purpose Our aim in this study is to determine the volume differences of the lumbar intervertebral discs by using the Cavalieri method Subjects and methods In our study lumbar magnetic resonance imaging MRI was performed on male mean age years age range ndash years athletes without any known disease on the lumbar vertebra and discs immediately after resting and after a minute loading exercise The lumbar intervertebral disc volumes were measured by Cavalieri method and compared after resting and after exercise Statistical analyses of the results were carried out to evaluate changes in the disc volume Results The mean volume of the three lower lumbar intervertebral discs L L L L L L was centimetres cube after resting and centimetres cube after exercise Total volume decreased from centimetres cube to centimetres cube After a minute loading exercise a reduction was detected p lt Conclusion The reduction in the lumbar intervertebral disc volumes after exercise may be useful in providing predictive short term information through the Cavalieri method

A three year old boy and a 12 year old girl with uniateral cerebral atrophy were diagnosed as Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome using cranial computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging was also done in the second case. The findings were compared with the relevant literature. Key words: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, unilateral cerebral atrophy, radiology, Üç yaşındaki bir erkek ve 12 yaşındaki bir kız çocukta bilgisayarlı tomografide unilateral serebral atrofi bulguları ile Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Sendromu tanısı kondu. İkinci hastada manyetik resonans görüntüleme yöntemide kullanıldı. Sunulan olgular daha önce bildirilmiş literatürle karşılaştırıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson sendromu, unilateral serebral atrofi, radyoloji

Sex and handedness differences in the volumes of cerebral ventricles were studied in 20 right- and 21 left-handed subjects. To assess the volumes of cerebral ventricles, Cavalieri's method was used using MRI. In right-handers, the volume of the lateral ventricle was higher in the right side than in the left side, but, in left-handers, it was higher in the left side than in the right side. The volumes of right-lateral and third ventricles were larger in right-handers than in left -handers. There were no sex related differences in terms of the volumes of right- and left -lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. These results suggest that left-handedness is an important factor reducing the sizes of all the brain ventricles.

A 68-year-old woman with progressive visual loss and exophthalmos in her right eye had been operated on for a mass in her right calf 3 years earlier. Imaging showed a huge mass invading the orbital structures and temporal pole. The presumptive diagnosis was a malignant orbital tumor. The tumor was resected totally and eroded tissues such as the lateral rectus muscle and dural compartments were repaired. The histological diagnosis was a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 8 days after surgery. Two years later she died from a liver tumor. Few MPNSTs involving the orbit have been reported.

The aim of this work was to study the differences between the right- and left-visual cortices in relation to eyedness in healthy subjects. Ocular dominance was determined by means of the near-far alignment test. To assess visual cortical areas, the right and left sagittal scenograms of cranium by magnetic resonance imaging were used. To calculate the visual cortex areas by using scenograms, Cavalieri's method was used. In the subjects with right-eye dominance, the right visual cortex was larger than the left visual cortex, and vice versa in the subjects with left-eye dominance. The right and left cuneal areas were found to be larger in males than in females. In light of these results, it was concluded that the human eyes are predominantly controlled by the ipsilateral visual cortex.