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Occupational dermatoses impose a significant socioeconomic burden. Allergic contact dermatitis related to occupation is prevalent among healthcare workers, cleaning service personnel, individuals in the beauty industry and industrial workers. Among risk factors, the exposure to preservatives is frequent, since they are extensively added in products for occupational use. The goal of this study is to investigate the contact allergy patterns in order to understand the linkage among hypersensitivity to preservatives, occupational profiles, patients' clinical and demographic characteristics. Patch test results were collected from monosensitized patients to Formaldehyde 2%, KATHON 0.02%, thimerosal 0.1%, and MDBGN 0.5%; information was also collected for an extended MOAHLFA (Male-Occupational-Atopic-Hand-Leg-Face-Age) index. To assess the relationship between allergen group and occupational-related ACD, the chi-square test for independence was utilized. To uncover underlying relationships in the data, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA), which are machine learning approaches, were applied. Significant relationships were found between allergen group and: occupation class, atopy, hand, leg, facial, trunk, neck, head dermatitis, clinical characteristics, ICDRG 48 h and ICDRG 72 h clinical evaluation. MCA and CATPCA findings revealed a link among allergen group, occupation class, patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, the MOAHLFA index, and the ICDRG scores. Significant relationships were identified between the allergen group and various manifestations of dermatitis. The utilization of machine learning techniques facilitated the discernment of meaningful patterns in the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPreservatives are often necessary components of commercial products. Large-scale North American studies on preservative allergy are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate demographics, positive patch test reactions (PPTRs), clinical relevance, and trends for preservatives tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch testing results of preservatives from 1994 through 2016.ResultsA total of 50,799 patients were tested; 11,338 (22.3%) had a PPTR to at least 1 preservative. The most frequent reactions were to methylisothiazolinone 0.2% aqueous (aq) (12.2%), formaldehyde 2% aq (7.8%), formaldehyde 1% aq (7.8%), quaternium-15 2% petrolatum (pet) (7.7%), and methyldibromo glutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol 2% pet (5.1%). Paraben mix 12% pet (1%), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate 0.1% pet (0.4%), benzyl alcohol 1% pet (0.3%), and phenoxyethanol 1% pet (0.2%) had the lowest PPTRs. Linear regression analysis of preservatives tested showed that only methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone 0.01% aq (parameter estimate, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17-0.66; P

Background: Current frequency and risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in Spain are not well known. Objectives: To study the frequency of sensitization, risk factors and simultaneous sensitization between the four isothiazolinones. Materials and Methods: We analysed all 2019–2021 consecutive patients patch‐tested with MI (0.2% aq.), MCI/MI (0.02% aq.), BIT (0.1% pet.) and OIT (0.1% pet) within the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). Results: A total of 2511 patients were analysed. Frequencies of sensitization were: any isothiazolinone 15.7%, MI 6.8%, MCI/MI 4.8%, BIT 3.5% and OIT 0.5%. MI and MCI/MI sensitization was associated with being occupationally active, hand dermatitis, detergents and age over 40. BIT sensitization was associated with leg dermatitis and age over 40. About one in nine MI‐positive patients were positive to BIT, whereas one in five BIT‐positive patients were positive to MI. Conclusions: Sensitization to MI, MCI/MI and BIT is still common in Spain, while sensitization to OIT is rare. Currently, sensitization to MI and MCI/MI seems to be occupationally related. Although its origin is unknown, sensitization to BIT is more frequent in patients aged over 40 years. Simultaneous sensitization between MI and BIT is uncommon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case studies of different patients who developed contact allergy after touching products containing isothiazolinone. It talks about the patients developing eczema, lesions and eruptions on the hand and the body after using various products to make slime. It tells about patch tests showing positive results for methylchloroisothiazolinone which is commonly used in preservatives.

Homemade "slime" is currently a popular childhood hobby that can cause allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. We describe a case of hand dermatitis due to homemade "slime" with a positive patch test to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI. The most common potential allergens in "slime" collected from a review of "slime" recipes found on the Internet are reviewed. Linked Content This article is linked to Jacob paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13810. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Occupational contact dermatitis is one of the most common occupational diseases in Europe. In order to develop effective preventive measures, detailed and up-to-date data on the incidence,main causes and professions at risk of occupational contact dermatitis are needed. Objectives. To describe the pattern of patch test reactivity to allergens in the European baseline series of patients with occupational contact dermatitis in different occupations. Methods. We analysed data collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy (ESSCA) network from 2002 to 2010, from 11 European countries. Results. Allergens in the European baseline series associated with an at least doubled risk of occupational contact dermatitis include: thiuram rubber chemical accelerators, epoxy resin, and the antimicrobials methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, and formaldehyde. The highest risk of occupational contact dermatitis was found in occupations classified as ‘other personal services workers’, which includes hairdressers, nursing and other healthcare professionals, precision workers in metal and related materials, and blacksmiths, tool-makers and related trades workers. Conclusions. In the planning and implementation of`measures aimed at preventing occupational contact dermatitis, the focus should be on the identified high-risk occupational groups and the most common occupational allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: case report; methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone; photoallergic contact cheilitis; self-transported dermatitis EN case report methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone photoallergic contact cheilitis self-transported dermatitis 199 200 2 02/25/21 20210301 NES 210301 CASE REPORT A 39-year-old woman was referred to our Contact Eczema Department with chronic cheilitis lasting 8 months. MCI/MI is a well-known potent allergen, having been nominated as "allergen of the year" in 2013.1 A new clinical entity has been suspected with MCI/MI,2 in terms of photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis having been observed in some patients, mainly caused by MI.3 Photopatch testing is mandatory when diagnosing chronic cheilitis. [Extracted from the article]

Background/Objectives Preservatives are important causes of allergic contact dermatitis. The frequency of allergy to preservatives in Australia has been unknown to date. Our objectives are to report the frequency of positive preservative patch test reactions in Australia, comparing them to the published international data, as well as exploring the current regulations in place for preservative use in Australia. Methods This was the first retrospective study of patch testing results, aggregated from four patch test clinics in three centres in Melbourne and Sydney. Results In all, 6845 patients were patch-tested during 1993-2006 and in this period the five most frequent preservative allergens were formaldehyde (4.6%), Euxyl K400 (containing methyldibromo glutaronitrile and phenoxyethanol) (3.3%), quaternium-15 (2.9%), diazolidinyl urea (2.4%), and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (2.3%). These were followed by dimethylol dimethyl DMDM hydantoin (2.1%), chloroacetamide (2.1%) and imidazolidinyl urea (1.9%). The least frequent sensitisers were parabens (1.1%), 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (0.9%) and benzyl alcohol (0.4%). Conclusions Formaldehyde was the most prevalent preservative allergen. Chloroacetamide allergy was more commonly seen in Australia. Parabens, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and benzyl alcohol were the least frequent sensitisers. Household products in Australia are not required to list all ingredients preventing sensitised individuals from properly assessing their exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Painters are among the occupational groups that most commonly experience occupational contact dermatitis, but few investigations exist concerning this occupation. Objectives. To characterize painters with contact dermatitis and identify the most common allergens associated with the occupation. Materials and methods. All patch test results of 219 painters and 1095 matched controls registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group between 2001 and 2010 were analysed. Results. Hand eczema ( p < 0.0001) and occupational contact dermatitis ( p < 0.0001) were observed significantly more often in the painters than in the group of controls. Sensitizations to the following allergens from the European baseline series were associated with the occupation and were statistically significant: methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, epoxy resin, formaldehyde, and quaternium-15. Three different isothiazolinones emerged as the most frequent sensitizers of the allergens tested in addition to the baseline series. Conclusions. The results indicate that painters have an increased risk of developing occupational hand eczema. Isothiazolinones and epoxy resin proved to be the two most frequent sensitizers in painters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis is an increasingly recognized clinical problem in children. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate contact sensitization in patients younger than 3 years of age with suspected contact dermatitis. Methods: During a 6-year period (2002-2008), 321 children underwent routine patch testing with a screening pediatric standard series of 30 allergens. Results: Two hundred children (62.3%; 102 girls and 98 boys aged 3-36 months [mean age 27 + 5.6 months]) developed at least one positive reaction. The most frequent reactions were to nickel sulfate (26.8%), followed by potassium dichromate (9%), cocamidopropylbetaine (7.2%), cobalt chloride (6.2%), neomycin sulfate (5%), and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (4.4%). The prevalence of contact sensitization was similar in children with (61.3%) and without (63%) atopic dermatitis. Limitations: The prevalence of contact sensitization in children younger than 3 years of age was not compared with the prevalence in older children. Conclusion: A high prevalence of contact sensitization was found in preschool children, even younger than 3 years of age. Patch testing should be considered in this age group when persistent dermatitis does not respond to conventional treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents case study of a 68-year-old male pensioner who was diagnosed with contact dermatitis (CD). Topics discussed include information on isothiazolinones are known contact allergens; an information that diffuse dermatitis can be caused by skin contact with an allergen on many unrelated anatomical areas; and information on temporary improvements with corticosteroid creams.

The article presents a case study of a 37-year old woman with an allergic reaction in both her axillae after using a new deodorant Mineral by Garnier & Co. in partnership with L'oreal Professionnel for two weeks. She had a jewelry skin intolerance history which she did not report. She was then treated with topical corticosteroids and there was a complete remission of her axillae lesions. The article discusses allergy, patch testing performed by Finn Chambers, and isothiazolinones.

The article presents the results of a study which examines the methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives contained in the British Contact Dermatitis Society (BCDS) baseline series in Great Britain. Based on the quantity of formaldehyde released, formaldehydereleasing preservatives show frequent cross-reactions with each other. Moreover, the study shows the cross-reaction between the chlorinated and unchlorinated isothiazolinone compounds.

The article presents a case study of a 44-year-old male metal worker who received a chemical burn when exposed to an methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI)-containing biocide device. Topics discussed include chemical analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography showing positive allergic reaction to the sponge material; legislation regarding labelling of potential contact allergens in medical devices; and patch testing for the material.

The article presents a study on the patch test on methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI). It defines (MCI/MI) as the main organic compound used in preservatives and as a sensitized agent. The study was able to distinguish patients with an allergy to such organic compound, along with its irritant reactions. Patients with postive patch test has applied with 100 ppm concentration. Result shows that patch testing with 100 pmm have escaped 46% cases of contact dermatitis.

The isothiazolinone derivatives, methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT), owing to their strong bactericide, fungicide and algicide properties, are widely used in non-cosmetic products, such as chemical (industrial) products, household detergents, and water-based paints, and the former two derivatives are also used in cosmetic products. However, given their inherent sensitization potential (with MCI > MI > BIT > OIT), allergic contact dermatitis is frequently observed, both in consumers as well as workers in various industries. In this review, we provide an update on the use of MCI/MI and MI in cosmetics, highlighting certain aspects of MI; the use of excessive concentrations, the presence in some less familiar cosmetic products, and the association with unusual clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the use of isothiazolinones in dish-washing and washing-machine liquids, cleaning agents for dental care, and their general presence in multi-purpose household detergents, which may elicit (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis, is discussed. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the use of isothiazolinone derivatives in the paint and textile industry, and of OIT in the leather industry in particular.