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Çalışmada,Buldan (Denizli) ilçesinde bulunan feldispat yatağının jeolojik özelliklerininbelirlenmesi ve mineralojik-petrografik ve jeokimyasal özelliklerinin ortayakonması amaçlanmıştır. İnceleme alanındaki feldispat ocak aynası boyunca düşeyyönde alınan örnekler üzerinde polarizan mikroskop, x-ışınları difraktometresi(XRD), taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) ve majör element kimyasal analizleriyapılarak feldispatların seramik sektöründe kullanımını etkileyenmineralojik-petrografik, ve jeokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesihedeflenmiştir. ÇineGrubu’nun Prekambriyen yaşlı gnayslardan itibaren işletilen feldispat yatağında7 değişik seviye gözlenmiş olup, bunlar; (1): Yeşil renkli ayrışmış feldispat,(2): Beyaz renkli ayrışmış feldispat, (3): Yeşil renkli ayrışmış biyotitşistbandı, (4): Biyotit içerikli ayrışmış feldispat, (5): Kahve renkli biyotitşistbandı, (6): Açık sarı renkli demir içerikli feldispat ve (7): Açık sarı-kremrenkli feldispat şeklindedir. Mineralojik-petrografik incelemelerde örneklerinkuvars, plajiyoklas, K-feldispat, biyotit, klorit ve opak minerallerdenoluştuğu ve ocağın üst seviyelerinde feldispat minerallerinin ayrışaraksimektit ve kaolinit minerallerine dönüştüğü belirlenmiştir.Mineralojik-petrografik ve jeokimyasal çalışmalar feldispatların albit türündeolduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Jeokimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre incelemealanındaki gnaysların seramik sektörü için III. Sınıf feldispat hammaddesiiçerdiği sonucuna varılmıştır., The aim of this study is todetermine of the geological properties and to investigate ofmineralogical-petrographical and geochemical properties of feldspar depositlocated in Buldan (Denizli) province. Polarizing light microscope, X-raydiffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and major elementchemical analyses have been done on samples from the vertical direction alongthe deposit to investigate the mineralogical-petrographical and geochemicalproperties which affects the usage of feldspar in the ceramic industry. The 7feldspar levels were distinguished in the deposit as: (1): Green coloredaltered feldspar, (2): White colored altered feldspar, (3): Green coloredaltered biotite-schist band, (4) Altered biotite containing feldspar, (5): Browncolored biotite-schist band (6): Pale yellow, iron containing feldspar (7):Light yellow-cream colored feldspar. It is determined that feldspar samplesconsist of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, chlorite and opaqueminerals and that feldspars at the upper levels of the deposit altered tokaolinite and smectites in the mineralogical-petrographic investigations. Themineralogical-petrological and geochemical studies have revealed that thetype of feldspar is albite. According to the results of geochemical analysisthe gneisses in the investigated area contain third class feldspar for ceramicindustry.

SWOT Analizi, bir projede veya bir ticari girişimde kurumun, tekniğin, sürecin, durumun veya işletmelerin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini belirlemek için kullanılan bir tekniktir. Bu kapsamda iç ve dış çevreden kaynaklanan fırsat ve tehditlerini saptamak için bu teknik yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, SWOT analiz tekniği kullanılarak Muğla mermer sektörünün zayıf ve güçlü yönleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı bölgelerde bulunan mermer ocak ve fabrika tesislerinin işleme teknolojileri, pazar durumu ve çalışan dağılımları gibi değişken parametrelerini belirleyip bölgelere göre karşılaştırmasını yapmaktır. Bu çalışmada bölgede faaliyet gösteren mermer fabrika ve ocakların iç ve dış çevre ile olan ilişkileri incelenmekte olup sektörün zayıf ve güçlü yönleri ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan 23 anket sorusu, Kavaklıdere bölgesinde 5 mermer ocağı ve 17 fabrika ile Yatağan-Bayır bölgesinde 13 mermer ocağı ve 24 fabrika üzerinde bu çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu sorular ışığında bölgelerde bulunan mermer fabrika ve mermer ocak firmaları ile yapılan birebir görüşmeler sonucunda anket sorularının cevapları alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Muğla ili sınırları içerisinde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri tespit edilmiştir. SWOT Analysis is a technique used to determine the strengths and weaknesses of a firm, technique, process, situation, or business in a project or business venture. In this context, this technique is widely used to identify the opportunities and threats that arise from the interior and the exterior. Within the scope of the study, the weak and strong aspects of Muğla marble sector were tried to be determined by using SWOT analysis technique. The aim of this research is to determine the variable parameters of marble quarries and factory facilities in different regions, such as processing technologies, market conditions and employee distributions, and compare them according to the regions. In this study, marble factories and quarries operating in the region are investigated and their weaknesses and strengths are discussed. In this context, 23 questionnaires were prepared on 5 marble quarries and 17 factories in Kavaklıdere region and 13 marble quarries and 24 factories in Yatağan-Bayır region. As a result of the interviews made with the marble factories and marble quarries in the regions, the answers of the questionnaires were obtained. As a result of the study, the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprises operating within the boundaries of Muğla province were determined.

Demirbilek, Mehmet ( Dumlupınar-Author), The effects of alteration on granites outcropping around Sivrihisar area within the Tavşanlı Zone (NW Turkey) were investigated considering minero-petrographical, geochemical, and geomechanical properties. For this aim, polarizing light microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses, and geomechanical tests were conducted on the granitic samples. The new petrographic index, referred as feldspar alteration index, was developed from the quantitative ratios of total and altered constituents in feldspar minerals. Based on solution-precipitation processes, plagioclase and alkali feldspar were altered to smectite, sericite, and kaolinite along microfractures, cleavage, twinning, and zoning structure. Anorthite-rich core is more altered than the rim of zoned plagioclase due to higher solubility in water and selective alteration of calcic plagioclase. EDS studies indicate that Na, Si, and Ca decrease and Mg, Al, K, and Fe progressively increase. The normalized values of whole-rock chemical analyses of the granites show depletion of Si, Al, Na, and Ca reflecting the dissolution of plagioclase. Enrichment of Si, Al, Na, Ca, Mg, K, and Fe reveal precipitation of smectite, sericite, and kaolinite minerals during alteration. Minero-petrographical and geochemical changes led to an increase in water absorption and apparent porosity and a decrease in apparent density, P-wave velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound, and compressive strength. Significant relationships between FAI and geomechanical properties (R2 = 0.7116–0.8676), FAI and P-wave velocity index (Ivp) (R2 = 0.8676), and FAI and strength ratio (Rs) (R2 = 0.7614) demonstrate that FAI can be used to determine the alteration degree of granites

It is well known that radon is the main source of natural radiation exposure to the population. Indoor radon concentrations in an area are affected by ascending radon migration following the convection of groundwater and soil gas along fractures and faults in the bedrock sediments. There are various studies showing that positive radon anomalies in the soil gas are found to coincide with the locations of houses showing the highest concentrations. Moreover, soil gas radon levels and soil permeability are important factors in determining the radon potential of an area, because high permeability enables the increased migration of radon from the soil into houses. Since radon in homes originates mainly from soil gas radon, it is of public interest to study the correlation between soil gas radon and indoor radon in different geographic locations. In the present work, a correlation study was carried in conjunction with radon concentrations in soil gas and indoor environment of Afyonkarahisar Province. The provincial center was assumed to be divided into four regions according to the rock types and tectonic structure to show also the geological structure effect on radon concentrations. The indoor radon concentrations were measured in 74 dwellings using CR-39 passive nuclear track detectors, and the radon concentrations in soil gas were determined in 243 drilled holes using AlphaGUARD detector. The correlation coefficient of 0.97 was obtained between radon concentrations in soil gas and indoor environment of Afyonkarahisar Province. © 2018, Saudi Society for Geosciences. Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, KU Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu: A5.H1.P1.06 Funding information This work was supported by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority with the grant number A5.H1.P1.06 and Afyon Kocatepe University Science Research Projects Coordination Unit with the grant numbers 17.KARİYER.95, 14.FENBİL.08, and 12.FENBİL.14.

Batı Anadolu Bölgesinde, Afyonkarahisar-Eskişehir ve Kütahya il sınırları içerisinde geniş bir alanda yer alan Frig vadisi, binlerce yıldır farklı medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapmış bir alan olarak Türkiye’nin ve Dünya’nın en eski yerleşim alanlarından birisidir. Frig vadisinde kolay aşınabilir/kazılabilir volkanik tüf, aglomera ve ignimbritik kayalarından oluşan volkanik bir istif içerisinde Frigler ve Romalılara ait evler, mezarlar, kaleler ve tapınak izlerinin bir kısmı günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Bu izlerin önemli bir bölümü Afyonkarahisar iline bağlı Seydiler ve Döğer kasabaları arasında kalan bölgede yer almaktadır. Frig yürüyüş yolunun güney ucunda yer alan Seydiler bölgesindeki kültürel özelliklere sahip kaya kütleleri haricinde, lav akıntıları, tüf/kül birikimleri gibi volkanik oluşumlarla beraber, bu jeolojik oluşumlar içerisinde yüzeysel süreçlerle şekillenen peribacaları gibi doğal güzellikler de yer almaktadır. Seydiler ve yakın civarında yapılan incelemeler, tamamı volkanik alan içerisinde gelişen başlıca yedi doğal oluşumun Jeosit özellikleri taşıdığını, Jeoturizm ve Jeolojik Miras potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu alanlar, Seydiler Lav-Tüf oluşumları, Seydiler Hisar Kalesi, Kırkinler Kaya Yerleşimi, Kuzini Kaya Yerleşimi, Seydiler Peribacaları, Leylek Kayası ve Yanarlar Kayalıklarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Frig Vadileri içerisindeki en önemli yerleşim alanlarından birisi olan Seydiler Kasabası ve yakın civarındaki Jeoturizm ve Jeolojik Miras potansiyeline sahip bu alanlarının Jeolojik, jeomorfolojik özelliklerinin analizi ile Jeoturizm ve Jeolojik koruma açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır., Phrygian Valley, playing host to many different cultures for a thousand of years in west Anatolia, largely in the Afyonkarahisar, Eskişehir and Kütahya provinces in Turkey, is one of the oldest settlement area in the world. The Phrygians and Romans left behind many carved rock monuments such as house, tombs, castles, temples in easily erodible rocks such as volcanic tufa, agglomerate and ignimbrite in Phrygian Valley. Some of these remarkable monuments are located in the area between Seydiler and Döger towns in Afyonkarahisar where the southern end of the Phrygian valley is. Besides these culturel sites, Seydiler region are also characteristics with the natural beauties such as fairy chimneys; an unusual rock formations shaped by the effects of surficial process in the volcanic sequence of the pyroclactic tufa/ash deposits. Field based investigation reveals that seven natural heritage of the volcanic area in Seydiler are the potential geosite areas with geotourism potential. These sites are, Seydiler lava-tufa formation, Seydiler castle, Kırkinler rock settlement, Kuzini rock settlement, fairy chimneys of Seydiler, stork rock, and Yanarlar rocks. In this study we focus on the geologic and geomorphologic analyses of these natural and also cultural sites to interpret the outcomes in terms of the geoheritage and geoturism potential of Seydiler volcanic area which is one of the most remarkable settlement area in Phrygian Valley.

Eocene volcanic rocks from the Central Sakarya Zone in the north of the A degrees zmir-Ankara suture zone (IASZ) are predominantly intermediate-acidic lava flows and pyroclastics that crop out with a W-E orientation. The volcanic rocks include Bozani double dagger lavas, agglomerates, A degrees AYdir lavas, and KapA +/- kaya tuffs. The Bozani double dagger lavas contain plagioclase, hornblende, clinopyroxene, and biotite, whereas the A degrees AYdir lavas consist of plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, and quartz. According to the total alkali-silica (TAS) diagram, the Bozani double dagger lavas are mainly composed of andesite and dacite, with one sample of trachyandesite, whereas the A degrees AYdir lavas mainly contain dacite and minor andesite. Bozani double dagger and A degrees AYdir lavas exhibit moderate- to high-K calc-alkaline character. Major oxide and trace element variations suggest the effects of fractional crystallization in the evolution of the volcanic rocks. N-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) normalized trace element patterns of the lavas exhibit enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; K, Rb, Ba, Th) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs; Zr, Ti, Y). In addition, the chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) plots of the rocks show moderately enriched and nearly concave-shaped patterns (La-N/Yb-N = 5.4-17.6 for the Bozani double dagger lavas and 6.5-13.1 for the A degrees AYdir lavas), suggesting clinopyroxene (Cpx) and hornblende dominated fractionation. Negative Eu anomalies in the acidic lavas reveal plagioclase fractionation. Some trace element ratios of the lavas demonstrate a subduction signature and crustal contamination in the generation of the parent magma(s). Multi-dimensional tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that the studied volcanic rocks have developed in a collisional setting.

Marble is an attractive natural stone as a product of the metamorphic processes. It has been used for thousands of years for its beautiful appearance and colors caused by impurities such as clay, silt, sand, and iron oxides. Pelagic marbles, located to the 20 km SW of Milas (Muğla) in the southern part of the Menderes massif are commercially named as Aegean Bordeaux marbles. These pelagic marbles were classified into three levels such as (1) red marbles, (2) bordeaux marbles, and (3) transitional marbles based on their stratigraphic features. Mineralogical and petrographical data obtained from XRD and polarized microscopic studies show that calcite minerals are mainly associated with hematite, piemontite, biotite, magnetite, tourmaline, and opaque minerals. Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni contents play an important role on the color of marbles and ?REE values are high in the red and bordeaux marbles with respect to transitional marbles. We suggest that the red and bordeaux colors of marbles have been originated from primary formation of hematite pigment during early diagenesis within deep depositional environment. © 2014, Saudi Society for Geosciences.

Vast marble deposits occur in a cover sequence of the Menderes Massif, SW Turkey. Four major marble deposits are recognized in Mugla province based on the stratigraphic levels. These are Permo-Carboniferous aged black marbles (1), Triassic aged marbles (2), Upper Cretaceous aged marbles (3), and Paleocene aged pelagic marbles (4). This study deals with Triassic aged marbles of the southern part of the Menderes Massif. The Triassic marbles from SW Turkey consist of two big marble horizons in the Çayboyu (ÇM) and Kestanecik (KM) regions. The characteristic samples are collected from different stratigraphic levels in marble deposits in the ÇM and KM horizons. Mineralogical and major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) analyses of marble, limestone, and schist were conducted on these samples to reveal their petrographical and geochemical characteristics. The ÇM horizon is represented by calcitic marble layers. Nickel, cobalt, manganese, and iron elements filled in fractures, fissures, and intergranular spaces of calcite crystals and these elements give the pinky colour to the marble from the ÇM horizon. KM marbles were deformed, metamorphosed, and recrystallized under greenschist facies P-T conditions. As a result of the metasomatic reaction of magnesium and manganese rich fluids with marbles, dolomite, and manganese, minerals such as rhodochrosite and pyrolusite have crystallized along vein walls and layers in the KM horizon. Dolomitization was determined in KM marbles, whereas ÇM marbles show the character of limestone. MgO, MnO, Fe2O3, Ni, and Zn contents of marbles from the KM horizon are higher than those of ÇM marbles due to metasomatic reactions. The Sr content in white coloured marbles ranges between 11.20ppm and 112.20ppm and this concentration reaches up to 272.70ppm due to metasomatic reactions and fluid intake. The REE content of Triassic marbles is independent of the abundance of carbonate and the REE enrichment observed due to syn-metamorphic fluid flow. The significant negative Eu anomaly in REE patterns indicates that the protoliths of Triassic marbles are carbonate rocks of sedimentary origin. © 2010 Elsevier B.V., This investigation was founded by the Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Project of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU-BAPK). This paper includes the part of the AKU-BAPK Projects # 02.AMYO.01 and 06.ISCMYO.01. The authors thank to AKU-BAPK for financial support to complete field and laboratory works. Authors specially thanks marble quarry managers for giving permission to conduct the geological studies in their quarries and to allow observations and to use their facilities in their factories.

WOS: 000259154700005, Tavsanli Zone in northwest Turkey is intruded by many Late Cretaceous to Eocene (91-45 Ma) calc-alkaline granitoids, of which the Gunyuzu pluton in the Eskisehir region is the least studied. The Gunyuzu rocks are high-K, calc-alkaline (I-type) intrusions. and are comprised of diorite, granodiorite, granite, and granite porphyry. Typical minerals are plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende and Fe-Ti oxides. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the Gunyuzu rocks are moderately fractionated and have small negative Eu anomalies. They are enriched in LILE and LREE relative to HFSL, showing characteristics of arc-related granitoids. Low values of molar K2O/Na2O, Al2O3/(FeO+MgO+TiO2). and (Na2O+K2O)/(FeO+MgO+TiO2) ratios demonstrate that the Gunyuzu magma(s) were produced from mafic lower crustal rocks., Afyon Kocatepe UniversityAfyon Kocatepe University, The research was supported by Afyon Kocatepe University in every phase of this study. We are also grateful Afyon Kocatepe University for providing a research car during field work. Dr. Selman Aydogan is thanked for assistance during the field and also supplied some figures. We specially thank to Prof. Dr. Donna L. Whitney for her constructive and detailed review of this manuscript.