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L’article s’appuie sur une analyse qualitative des usages professionnels de l’application Microsoft Teams et interroge sa capacité à soutenir un travail dit « collaboratif ». L’analyse montre que l’ambivalence des usages est finalement révélatrice de l’ambiguïté même de la notion de collaboration, pourtant au cœur des discours sur les nouvelles formes organisationnelles. En effet l’analyse démontre que les usages collectifs, souvent impulsés par les managers hiérarchiques ou de projets, ne favorisent pas ou peu les dynamiques participatives et délibératives. En revanche, les cadres interrogés développent d’autres forme d’appropriations individuelles, et utilisent l’outil afin de mieux gérer leur multi-activité et leur engagement dans des collectifs nombreux. Ces constats permettent de montrer que Teams, loin de participer à l’émergence d’innovations organisationnelles et de management, révèle et renforce le risque de délitement des collectifs, d’éparpillement dans l’activité et de formes organisationnelles éclatées. The article is based on a qualitative analysis of the professional uses of the Microsoft Teams application and questions its capacity to support so-called “collaborative work”. The analysis shows the ambivalence of the uses, and even more the ambiguity of the notion of collaboration, even though this term is often used to describe new organizational forms. Indeed, the analysis shows that collective uses, often driven by managers, do not allow for participative and deliberative dynamics. On the other hand, the article highlights other forms of appropriation: employees use the tool to better manage their multi-activity and their involvement in numerous groups. These observations show that Teams, far from contributing to the emergence of organizational and management innovations, reveals and increase the risk of dispersion at work and fragmented organizational forms.

L’ouvrage de Guillaume Tiffon s’inscrit dans une tradition de sociologie critique (qualifiée par l’auteur de « marxienne ») du travail et des modes de production et de management contemporains, et alimente une littérature importante sur les tensions au travail et leurs effets sur la santé. L’apport central de l’ouvrage tient dans l’idée que les organisations ne seraient plus seulement flexibles mais « liquides » et que l’organisation du travail serait source de dislocations plus que de tensio...

En analysant les usages des outils numériques par des cadres en télétravail, l’article s’intéresse à la dynamique des collectifs de travail. Il se fonde sur la distinction entre les collectifs « forts » (au sein d’une même entité hiérarchique ou d’un collectif de métier), qui parviennent à coopérer à distance et trouvent plus facilement des formes de régulation des usages, et les collectifs « faibles » (équipes larges, réseaux de contacts) qui mobilisent le numérique davantage à des fins de coordination (répartition des tâches, stockage de documents, échanges conversationnels) mais peinent à collaborer à distance. L’article pointe alors le risque d’effritement de certains collectifs, et d’isolement des salarié·es qui seraient éloigné·es des collectifs « forts ». This work analyzes the use of digital tools among telecommuting workers to understand the dynamics of work collectives.The article compares how “strong” collectives (within the same hierarchical entity or a business collective) and “weak” collectives (large teams, networks of contacts) use digital tools to collaborate remotely. While “strong” collectives succeed in integrating digital tools easily to cooperate remotely, weak collectives who usually use digital technologies for coordination tasks have difficulty collaborating remotely. Based on the comparison, the article highlights the risk of the erosion of some collectives due to the isolation of employees far from the “strong” collectives. Analizando los usos de las herramientas digitales por ejecutivos en teletrabajo, el artículo se enfoca en la dinámica de los grupos de trabajo. Se basa en la distinción entre grupos “fuertes” (en el marco de una misma entidad jerárquica o de un agrupamiento por tareas similares), que logran cooperar a distancia y hallan con más facilidad maneras de regular los procedimientos, y grupos “débiles” (equipos extensos, redes de contactos) que recurren más a lo digital con fines de coordinación (distribución de tareas, almacenamiento de documentos, intercambios de conversaciones) pero tienen dificultad en colaborar a distancia. El artículo hace incapié en el riesgo del debilitamiento de algunos grupos y del aislamiento de los empleados que se encuentran alejados de los grupos “fuertes”.

Certains sujets, en se trouvant au cœur de l’actualité, donnent une plus grande visibilité au travail de ceux qui les étudient depuis des années. Ainsi, si Alexandre Mathieu-Fritz analyse les usages de la télémédecine depuis 2009, l’essor important qu’ont connu ces pratiques depuis le début de la crise sanitaire rend central son ouvrage sur le sujet, en offrant une mise en perspective historique ainsi qu’une analyse empirique fondamentales pour comprendre des usages en plein développement. Ma...

Recently, VR-based exposure therapy has become a powerful tool, used successfully for the treatment of a variety of psychological disorders (Shiban, 2018; Boeldt, McMahon, McFaul, & Greenleaf, 2019). Even though dysfunctional cognitions and beliefs are proven to play a key part in the development and maintenance of disorders (including depression, Beck, 2008), they are rarely incorporated into exposure therapies. Leff et al. (2014) devloped an innovative approach integrating cognitive elements in a avatar-based exposure therapy for patients with auditory hallucinations. Patients were able to enter a dialogue with the voices and learned to oppose or contradict them (see Leff et al., 2014; Craig et al., 2018). Inspired by the therapy approach of Leff et al. (2014), Kocur et al. (2021) adapted the concept in regard to dysfunctional core beliefs. They attempted to transform abstract thoughts and cognitions into something “tangible” with the objective of disabling dysfunctional beliefs and establishing automatic functional alternatives. Kocur et al. (2021) have successfully shown the effectiveness of computer-assisted avatar-based treatment for dysfunctional beliefs in reducing symptomatology in depressive inpatients. Following this pilot study, our current project aims to test the adapted and modified design of Kocur et al. in a sample of subjects with social anxiety, as social anxiety is highly affected by cognitive factors (Clark, & Wells, 1995), especially dysfunctional core beliefs (Pinto-Gouveia et al., 2006; Wong et al., 2017) and a change in self-related constructs is associated with symptom reduction (Gregory & Peters, 2017). During the experimental procedure, participants are repeatedly confronted with their dysfunctional beliefs by a virtual avatar. During confrontation they must contradict each individual dysfunctional belief by using more functional equivalents. We hereby want to examine the efficacy of the intervention tool in reducing dysfunctional core beliefs, automatic thoughts and symptomatology. We further aim to address transdiagnostic processes like self-esteem, as dysfunctional assumptions about self-worth are proven to be closely correlated with a broad variety of mental disorders (e.g., depression, social anxiety, eating disorders) (Fennell, 2005; Roberts, 2006).

The study is evaluating the effectiveness of the 7-day self-help protocol “CovidFeelGood” from Riva et al. (2020) which aims at reducing the psychological burden associated with the global Covid-19 pandemic (see Schelhorn et al., 2020; Pieh et al., 2020; Rossi et al., 2020). The project is a multicentric pragmatic pilot randomized control trial. Data collection takes place in Italy, USA, Spain, Japan, Germany and other countries, allowing for a direct comparison between the different countries. The scope of the present study is to examine the effectiveness of the weekly self-help virtual reality protocol “CovidFeelGood” in reducing of anxiety and depression, perceived stress and hopelessness as well its potential of bursting the well-being, relaxation and social connectedness of the participants.

Within recent years, VR-based exposure therapy has become a powerful tool, used successfully for the treatment of a variety of psychological disorders (Shiban, 2018; Boeldt, McMahon, McFaul, & Greenleaf, 2019). Even though dysfunctional cognitions and beliefs are proven to play a key part in the development, maintenance and most importantly in the treatment of many disorders, they are rarely incorporated into the research of exposure therapies. Leff et al. (2014) came up with an innovative approach integrating cognitive elements in an avatar-based exposure therapy for patients with auditory hallucinations. Patients were able to enter a dialogue with the voices and learned to oppose or contradict them (see Leff et al., 2014; Craig et al., 2018). Inspired by the therapy approach of Leff et al. (2014), Kocur et al. (2021) adapted the concept in regard to dysfunctional core beliefs. They attempted to transform abstract thoughts and cognitions into something “tangible” with the objective of disabling dysfunctional beliefs and establishing automatic functional alternatives. Kocur et al. (2021) have successfully shown the effectiveness of computer-assisted avatar-based treatment for dysfunctional beliefs (CAT-DB) in reducing symptomatology in depressive inpatients. Following this pilot study, our current project aims to test the adapted and modified design of Kocur et al. in a sample of subjects with subclinical depression. During the experimental procedure, participants are repeatedly confronted with their dysfunctional beliefs by a virtual avatar. During confrontation they must contradict each individual dysfunctional belief by using more functional equivalents. We hereby want to examine the efficacy of CAT-DB in reducing dysfunctional beliefs and reducing disorder-specific, i.e., depressive symptoms. We further aim to address transdiagnostic processes like self-esteem, as dysfunctional assumptions about self-worth are proven to be closely correlated with a broad variety of mental disorders (e.g., depression, social anxiety, eating disorders) (Fennell, 2005; Roberts, 2006).