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Rape (Brassica napus L.; AACC) is an important oil‐bearing crop worldwide. Temperature significantly affects the production of oil crops; however, the mechanisms underlying temperature‐promoted oil biosynthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that a temperature‐sensitive cultivar (O) could accumulate higher seed oil content under low nighttime temperatures (LNT,13°C) compared with a temperature‐insensitive cultivar (S). We performed an in‐depth transcriptome analysis of seeds from both cultivars grown under different nighttime temperatures. We found that low nighttime temperatures induced significant changes in the transcription patterns in the seeds of both cultivars. In contrast, the expression of genes associated with fatty acid and lipid pathways was higher in the O cultivar than in the S cultivar under low nighttime temperatures. Among these genes, we identified 14 genes associated with oil production, especially BnLPP and ACAA1, which were remarkably upregulated in the O cultivar in response to low nighttime temperatures compared to S. Further, a WGCNA analysis and qRT‐PCR verification revealed that these genes were mainly regulated by five transcription factors, WRKY20, MYB86, bHLH144, bHLH95, and NAC12, whose expression was also increased in O compared to S under LNT. These results allowed the elucidation of the probable molecular mechanism of oil accumulation under LNT conditions in the O cultivar. Subsequent biochemical assays verified that BnMYB86 transcriptionally activated BnLPP expression, contributing to oil accumulation. Meanwhile, at LNT, the expression levels of these genes in the O plants were higher than at high nighttime temperatures, DEGs (SUT, PGK, PK, GPDH, ACCase, SAD, KAS II, LACS, FAD2, FAD3, KCS, KAR, ECR, GPAT, LPAAT, PAP, DGAT, STERO) related to lipid biosynthesis were also upregulated, most of which are used in oil accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) can well‐adapt to environmental conditions such as barrenness, water deficit and low temperature in arid and semi‐arid planting regions and is the preferred rapeseed type. In this study, we analysed changes of root system morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormone contents and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under control (CK), slight water deficit (SWD, 50–55% of maximum field water capacity), moderate water deficit (MWD, 40–45% of maximum field water capacity) and high water deficit (HWD, 30–35% of maximum field water capacity) conditions. Winter rapeseed experienced taproot elongation, decreased taproot diameter and increased lateral root number, under water deficit stress. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause membrane system peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity increases to remove ROS. Changes in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) levels promote the absorption of water and minerals by driving changes in the root system architecture to resist water deficit stress. A proteomic analysis has shown that DEPs are involved in energy metabolism, antioxidation response, osmotic regulation, hormone signal transduction, protein metabolism and the stress response, and these proteins are located in the peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochondrion, cell wall, vacuole, cytoplasm, extracellular space and cell membrane. In this study, multiple DEPs (malate dehydrogenase cytoplasmic 1 OS, 14‐3‐3‐like protein GF14 Psi, GA 3‐beta‐dioxygenase, glutathione reductase and jasmonate‐inducible protein) were involved in the root system architecture, revealing the complexity of the root response to water deficit. Significant/extremely significant synergistic relationships were observed between antioxidant enzyme activity and endogenous hormone contents. In conclusion, ROS, endogenous hormones and stress‐related proteins work synergistically to control the root system architecture of winter rapeseed roots in response to water deficit stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiang, J.; Mi, C.; Wu, M.; Zhang, Z.; Feng, Y., and Mi, W., 2019. Real-time container truck speed measurement at container port gates based on the binocular vision technology. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 998–1005. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the development of intelligent gates in the container ports, more and more attention has been paid to the real-time container truck speed measurement. Current solutions to measuring vehicle speed commonly use coil, laser or radar. These methods can obtain results with high precision but they are limited in some way, such as low stability, high costs, and high computation requirements. This paper proposed a method to measure real-time container truck speed at container port gates based on binocular videos. Firstly, the feature points from the time-series images of the moving container truck are obtained. Secondly, the correlation of these feature points in time and space is analyzed to obtain the homonymous coordinates. Finally, the container truck speed is calculated according to the homonymous coordinates. Experiments on container truck speed measurement based on binocular vision were carried out at the gates of Taicang Container Port. The results showed that when the container truck speed was less than 30 km/h, the algorithm was highly accurate in speed measurement and the error percentage was under 10%. In addition, the calculation took about 120 ms, which can satisfy the real-time requirements of automatic container truck speed measurement at a lower cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited studies focused on the precise mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion dysfunction after overexposure to manganese (Mn). The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanism of Mn disruption of GnRH synthesis via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Primary astrocytes were cultured and treated with different doses of Mn, tert-butylhydroquinonet (tBHQ; Nrf2 agonists), 3-[(2-methyl-4-thaizolyl) ethynyl] pyridine (MTEP; mGluR5 inhibitor), and celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) to measure the levels of COX-2, mGluR5, Nrf2, and Nrf2 target genes. Mice were randomly divided into 11 groups, of which included the control group, 12.5-, 25-, and 50-mg/kg MnCl2 group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, tBHQ control group, tBHQ pretreatment group, MTEP control group, MTEP pretreatment group, celecoxib control group, and celecoxib pretreatment group. The injection was administered every day for 2 weeks. Then, levels of GnRH, PGE2, COX-2, mGluR5, Nrf2, Nrf2 target genes, and morphological changes in the hypothalamus of mice were measured. Mn reduced protein levels of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of Nrf2 target genes and increased mGluR5, COX-2, PGE2, and GnRH levels. Meanwhile, injury-related histomorphology changes in the hypothalamus of mice were significantly present. In conclusion, excessive exposure to Mn disrupts GnRH secretion through Nrf2/mGluR5/COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface electromyography (sEMG) acquisition system has the advantages of small size, high precision, low power consumption and easy operation. We have developed a low-cost and portable eight-channel sEMG acquisition system, in which consists of the related analog front end (AFE), main control unit (MCU) and power supply system. The AFE circuit converts the sEMG signal to the digital signal after filtering the direct current and the two stage amplification. The MCU controls the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using serial peripheral interface (SPI), packages the data and sends the data to the android through a high-speed wireless module. The power supply system provides stable voltage source and can be powered by battery. Experimental results show that the designed eight-channel sEMG acquisition system exhibits an excellent electrical performance with the amplifier resolution of 8.1 μV, the system noise of lower than 15.3 μV, the sampling rate of 1000 Hz and power consumption of about 30.7 mW. The recognition rate is as high as 98% using support vector machines when detecting normal and fatigue state. This device can be applied in the fields of family health monitoring and the detection of the muscle state in daily life and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we focus on a general type of mean-field stochastic control problem with partial observation, in which the coefficients depend in a non-linear way not only on the state process X t and its control u t but also on the conditional law E [ X t | F t Y ] of the state process conditioned with respect to the past of observation process Y. We first deduce the well-posedness of the controlled system by showing weak existence and uniqueness in law. Neither supposing convexity of the control state space nor differentiability of the coefficients with respect to the control variable, we study Peng's stochastic maximum principle for our control problem. The novelty and the difficulty of our work stem from the fact that, given an admissible control u , the solution of the associated control problem is only a weak one. This has as consequence that also the probability measure in the solution P u = L T u Q depends on u and has a density L T u with respect to a reference measure Q. So characterizing an optimal control leads to the differentiation of non-linear functions f (P u ∘ { E P u [ X t | F t Y ] } − 1) with respect to (L T u , X t). This has as consequence for the study of Peng's maximum principle that we get a new type of first and second order variational equations and adjoint backward stochastic differential equations, all with new mean-field terms and with coefficients which are not Lipschitz. For their estimates and for those for the Taylor expansion new techniques have had to be introduced and rather technical results have had to be established. The necessary optimality condition we get extends Peng's one with new, non-trivial terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper creatively applies Event Study Model and Fama-French Three Factor Model to research the differences in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) performance between Chinese state-owned enterprises and private enterprises Research findings demonstrate that cross-border M&A implemented by Chinese private enterprises show positive value. By contrast, the performance of cross-border M&A implemented by Chinese state-owned enterprises show negative value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A country's balance of payments and its structure not only reflect the development stage of balance of payments of the country, but also reflect a country's resources endowment, competitiveness and external economic openness. The research about balance of payments structure, stage evolution and its influential factors has important practical significance and academic value. Firstly, based on the traditional balance of payments stages hypothesis (BPSH), this paper analyzes the influencing factor about balance of payments stage evolution; Secondly, based on the balance of payments stages hypothesis, this paper does empirical stages classification using the data from 50 countries over 1998-2014; Lastly, based on the above, this paper does the empirical research with the method of orderly logistic regression model. The empirical results imply that the GDP per capita has a significant positive effect on the stages evolution, which is correspond with the balance of payments stages hypothesis; real effective exchange rate index has a significant negative effect on stages evolution, M2/GDP has a significant positive effect on the stages evolution, and the significance of the two variables do not appear in the existing literatures, which is an important innovation and contribution in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of automation in ports, the video surveillance systems with automated human detection begun to be applied in open-air handling operation areas for safety and security. The accuracy of traditional human detection based on the video camera is not high enough to meet the requirements of operation surveillance. One of the key reasons is that Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features of the human body will show great different between front & back standing (F&B) and side standing (Side) human body. Therefore, the final training for classifier will only gain a few useful specific features which have contribution to classification and are insufficient to support effective classification, while using the HOG features directly extracted by the samples from different human postures. This paper proposes a two-stage classification method to improve the accuracy of human detection. In the first stage, during preprocessing classification, images is mainly divided into possible F&B human body and not F&B human body, and then they were put into the second-stage classification among side human and non-human recognition. The experimental results in Tianjin port show that the two-stage classifier can improve the classification accuracy of human detection obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia , had been proved to be effective in hyperuricemic control. Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. In this study, we evaluated whether Pallidifloside D could enhance allopurinol's effects by decreasing the serum uric acid level in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate. We found that, compared with allopurinol alone, the combination of allopurinol and Pallidifloside D significantly decreased the serum uric acid level and increased the urine uric acid level (both P < 0.05), leading to the normalized serum and urine uric acid concentrations. Data on serum, urine creatinine and BUN supported these observations. Our results showed that the synergistic effects of allopurinol combined with Pallidifloside D were linked to the inhibition of both serum and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD), the down-regulation of renal mURAT1 and mGLUT9, and the up-regulation of mOAT1. Our data may have a potential value in clinical practice in the treatment of gout and other hyperuricemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiang, J.; Mi, C.; Wu, M.; Zhang, Z.; Feng, Y., and Mi, W., 2019. Real-time container truck speed measurement at container port gates based on the binocular vision technology. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 998–1005. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the development of intelligent gates in the container ports, more and more attention has been paid to the real-time container truck speed measurement. Current solutions to measuring vehicle speed commonly use coil, laser or radar. These methods can obtain results with high precision but they are limited in some way, such as low stability, high costs, and high computation requirements. This paper proposed a method to measure real-time container truck speed at container port gates based on binocular videos. Firstly, the feature points from the time-series images of the moving container truck are obtained. Secondly, the correlation of these feature points in time and space is analyzed to obtain the homonymous coordinates. Finally, the container truck speed is calculated according to the homonymous coordinates. Experiments on container truck speed measurement based on binocular vision were carried out at the gates of Taicang Container Port. The results showed that when the container truck speed was less than 30 km/h, the algorithm was highly accurate in speed measurement and the error percentage was under 10%. In addition, the calculation took about 120 ms, which can satisfy the real-time requirements of automatic container truck speed measurement at a lower cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mi, C.; Shen, Y.; Mi, W., and Huang, Y., 2015. Ship identification algorithm based on 3D point cloud for automated ship loader. With the development of bulk port automation, the ship loader as the main quayside machine of bulk terminal is required for transformation from manual operation to automation. The ship identification method is a key inspection technique for automated ship loaders. In this paper, a fast ship identification algorithm was formulated based on the 3D point cloud of the ship, as generated by the Laser Measurement Systems (LMS) mounted on the ship loader. To meet the requirement of real-time computing for the automated ship loader, the 3D point cloud was first processed to reduce its dimensions from 3D point cloud into a 2D image. A projection method was then applied to locate and identify all bulk cargo holds in the ship. Finally, a group of experiments on ship identification was conducted using this algorithm in the Coal Terminal of Tianjin Port. The results showed that the computing time for a whole ship was lower than 200 ms and the error of the algorithm was lower than 10%, meeting the requirement of automated ship loaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the two green emission bands centered at 524 and 547nm in Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped La2O2S phosphor was studied as a function of temperature in the range 300–573K for optical temperature measurement. Upconversion phosphor La2O2S: Yb3+, Er3+ show intense double-band green emission at low pump power, and the maximum sensor sensitivity derived from the FIR of the upconversion green emissions was approximately 0.008K−1. This indicates that the phosphor has potential application in optical temperature sensors. Based on the Judd–Ofelt theory, an interpretation on how the factors influence the sensitivity of temperature sensing was proposed for the first time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Yb3+/ Er3+ codoped La2 S3 upconversion ( UC) phosphors have been synthesized using high-temperature solid-state method. Under 971-nm excitation, the maximum luminescence power can reach 0.64 mW at the excitation power density of 16 W/cm2 and an absolute power yield of 0.36% was determined by an absolute method at the excitation power density of 3 W/cm2, and the quantum yield of La2 S3: Yb3+, Er3+ (green ~0.18%, red ~0.03%, integration ~0.21) was comparable to that of NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals (integration ~0.005-0.30). Frequency upconverted emissions from two thermally coupled excited states of Er3+ were recorded in the temperature range 100-900 K. The maximum sensitivity of temperature sensing is 0.0075 K−1. As the excitation power density increases, the temperature of host materials rapidly rises and the top temperature can reach to 600 K. Given the intense UC emission, high sensitivity, as well as good photothermal stability, La2 S3: Yb3+/ Er3+ phosphor can become a promising composite material for photothermal ablation of cancer cells possessing the functions of temperature sensing and in vivo imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of train movements is not only determined by the control strength of the train, but also by the interdependence between trains and the scheduling command that specifies the allowable movement distance and speed. This paper attempts to propose a generalized simulation model of train movements using cellular automata so that the scheduling commands are incorporated into the model. Based on the concept of instantaneous movement authority, the proposed model generally decomposes the entire trip into a series of movements on each block section with speed limits at the start and endpoints of, as well as within, the section. It realizes the dynamic speed updates analogous to the feedback adjustments of realistic train movements, and describes both the dynamics of the train itself and the interactions between trains with adjustable parameters. The control strategies are reflected in the configurations of the acceleration and the deceleration. The autonomous, restrictive and synergistic aspects of train movements are completely represented. The model and the simulation algorithm are applied to simulate the train movements with and without the scheduling commands. The observed phenomena can be replicated, and the rationality of simulation results has been analyzed about the speed updates and the performances under the typical scheduling strategies. The proposed simulation model can facilitate the establishment of measures to maximize the transport efficiency of the railway network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional active islanding detection approaches are devastating to distributed generation, while passive islanding detection methods have the disadvantage of a non-detection zone. To solve these two problems, a novel islanding detection method employing positive feedback of voltage harmonic distortion is presented. By introducing a positive feedback circuit of distributed generation voltage total harmonic distortion, the area bounded between the total harmonic distortion curve and the time axis is analyzed and used as the detection criterion. Simulation tests for the novel method are conducted even under the worst scenario designated by IEEE Standard 1547. Results show that the proposed method is capable of fast and accurate islanding detection, with the grid voltage and frequency remaining in the normal range. Furthermore, this method proves to be effective in open-phase operation and is immune to false islanding. Thus, the goal of non-destructive and non-detection zone free detection can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reported 4Kscore thresholds used to differentiate between patients with and without high-grade prostate cancer (CaP) were variable. Patients with 4Kscore results <7.5% have been proven to be at low risk of carrying high-grade CaP. This study employed a meta-analysis approach in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the 4Kscore as a means of detecting high-grade CaP in prostate biopsy samples using cutoff values of 7.5% to 10%.Methods: Relevant studies published as of December 2019 were identified via searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Data pertaining to 4Kscore diagnostic accuracy were then extracted from these studies and utilized for the calculation of pooled sensitivity , specificity , diagnostic odds ratio , and area under the curve values relating to high-grade CaP diagnosis.Results: In total, 9 studies incorporating 1,689 high-grade CaP patients were included in our meta-analysis. Following the exclusion of 1 outlier study, the pooled sensitivity, specificity , diagnostic odds ratio , and area under the curve values for 4Kscore diagnostic accuracy with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.90 (95%CI: 0.86-0.92), 0.44 (95%CI: 0.36-0.52), 7 (95%CI: 5-8), and 0.81 (95%CI: 0.77-0.84), respectively.Conclusion: These findings indicate that 4Kscore can be used as a model for the diagnosis of high-grade CaP. However, we detected significant heterogeneity among studies that was not explained by subgroup or meta-regression analysis, thus lowering our confidence in these results. It is therefore essential that future large, well-designed studies be conducted so as to confirm whether the 4Kscore can be used with cutoff values of 7.5% to 10% to reliably detect high-grade CaP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mi, C.; Cao, L.; Zhang, Z.; Feng, Y.; Yao, L., and Wu, Y., 2020. A port container code recognition algorithm under natural conditions. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 822–829. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Automatic container code recognition is very important for modern container intelligent management system. Under natural conditions, aiming at the problems of uneven illumination, tilt and deflection of container number in port container code recognition. A new differential edge detection algorithm is used to realize binary segmentation of uneven illumination container number image, and then the problem of accurate location of container number deflection is solved effectively by the improved least square method, then use gradient descent projection based character correction and segmentation algorithm to correct and segment tilt container number; BP neural network to recognize the segmented characters. Finally, experiments are carried out on the images taken under different conditions. The comprehensive recognition rate is 96.8%, the localization rate is 2.4% higher than the traditional method, and the comprehensive recognition rate is 6.5% higher than yolov3 algorithm, which meets the real-time requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our generator is a weighted fractional space-time Brownian field. • And it's not a backward martingale. • The existence, uniqueness and explicit solution pair for Y and Z. • Some kind of sharp Hlder continuity for the solution is obtained. • The Feynman-Kac Formula is established. This paper is concerned with the backward stochastic differential equations whose generator is a weighted fractional Brownian field: Y t = ξ + ∫ t T Y s W (d s , B s) − ∫ t T Z s d B s , 0 ≤ t ≤ T , where W is a (d + 1) -parameter weighted fractional Brownian field of Hurst parameter H = (H 0 , H 1 , ⋯ , H d) , which provide probabilistic interpretations (Feynman-Kac formulas) for certain linear stochastic partial differential equations with colored space-time noise. Conditions on the Hurst parameter H and on the decay rate of the weight are given to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the solution pair. Moreover, the explicit expression for both components Y and Z of the solution pair is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally important oilseed crop with various uses, including the consumption of its succulent stems as a seasonal vegetable, but its uniaxial branching habit limits the stem yield. Therefore, developing a multi-stem rapeseed variety has become increasingly crucial. In this study, a natural mutant of the wild type (ZY511, Zhongyou511) with stable inheritance of the multi-stem trait (ms) was obtained, and it showed abnormal shoot apical meristem (SAM) development and an increased main stem number compared to the WT. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed multiple SAMs in the ms mutant, whereas only a single SAM was found in the WT. Transcriptome analyses showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis and metabolism pathways in the ms mutant. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of multi-main-stem formation in Brassica napus L. and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding multi-main-stem rapeseed vegetable varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the problems of existing container positioning methods and proposed a vision-based container position measuring system to provide precise parameters for container lifting operations. This system uses camera to get container information, then detects container corners by the method that combined with convolutional neural network and traditional image processing algorithm. This system is used to provide specific parameters associated with container lifting operation. In the first of detection, it uses the modified SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) neural network to detect the coarse position of container corners in the image, second stage detection uses the usage of rectangle fitting to detect the precise position of corner holes in the coarse position. In the last step the offset distance and deflection angle were calculated by precise corner position. The experiment shows the detection rate of the proposed system reach 94%. The positioning errors between 14.3 and 19.6 mm for a frame rate of 10 fps are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automation transformation of container lifting operations is one of the main technical issues in Rail-Truck intermodal transportation. To solve this problem, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several existing container positioning methods, and proposed a container corner holes location detection method based on lightweight convolutional neural network and adaptive morphological image processing algorithm. This method locates the container through a visual sensor that shoots from top to bottom. In order to improve the positioning accuracy and calculation speed while maintaining a high recognition rate, this method first uses a lightweight SSD detector to quickly detect the rough coordinates of the container corner hole in the image. On this basis, the smallest rectangle detection method based on adaptive HSV filtering is used to detect the precise coordinates of the corner hole in the image. Experiments show that the recognition rate of this algorithm in the initial positioning process reaches 94.2%, the recognition rate of secondary positioning reaches 87.4%, and the final positioning error is lower than 3.765 pixels and 2.81 pixels in the heading and lateral directions, respectively. The overall calculation time of the algorithm can realize the positioning calculation of 30 frames per second, which shows that this method takes into account the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and high calculation speed on the basis of high recognition rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a portable and cost-effective 16-channel EEG acquisition system with multiple analog front ends cascaded was designed. Channels required were selected according to chip selecting signal to configure each in a dynamic and personalized manner. In order to test system performance, EEG signals of five subjects from spontaneous state were sent to the host computer through the high-speed wireless module. Related steady-state visual evoked experiment was collected and analyzed. It was observed that obvious alpha rhythm appears during eyes-closed in spontaneous EEG signals; and peak values appears at the corresponding stimulating frequency and harmonics in steady-state visual evoked experiment. The results show that the acquisition system can accurately collect spontaneous EEG signals and evoked EEG signals. Therefore, it is suggested this system can be used in applications of brain computer interface and have certain theoretical and practical values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storage allocation of outbound containers is a key factor of the performance of container handling system in automated container terminals. Improper storage plans of outbound containers make QC waiting inevitable; hence, the vessel handling time will be lengthened. A simulation-based optimization method is proposed in this paper for the storage allocation problem of outbound containers in automated container terminals (SAPOBA). A simulation model is built up by Timed-Colored-Petri-Net (TCPN), used to evaluate the QC waiting time of storage plans. Two optimization approaches, based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), are proposed to form the complete simulation-based optimization method. Effectiveness of this method is verified by experiment, as the comparison of the two optimization approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve stable operation of the microgrid under different modes, a multiple-loop feedback controller is designed in this paper using the inverter output voltage, the capacitor voltage, and the capacitor current as the feedback variable for the outer, middle, and inner loop, respectively. Control parameters are calculated by the combined method of Routh-Hurwitz criterion and pole assignment principle. The resulting external characteristic of distributed generation is that the output impedance is inductive in low frequencies and resistive in high frequencies, thus droop control among multiple inverter units in a microgrid can be achieved by means of wireless communication. The designed multiple controller can improve system stability and guarantee high quality output as well as fast dynamic response when microgrid operates in grid-connected mode. It is capable of keeping load voltage and frequency stable and facilitating power sharing among different inverter units when the microgrid operates in islanded mode. Furthermore, smooth switching between different control strategies for different operating modes is convenient with the designed controller. With a simple design, the multiple-loop controller is practical and easy to implement. Simulation results verify the reasonableness and effectiveness of this design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhao, N.; Shen, Y.; Mi, C.; Wang, J., and Xia, M., 2015. Vehicle-mounted task control system in container yard based on workflow engine. Owing that the container terminals increasingly occupy a crucial position in today's container transportation, the advanced and cost-effective operational management gradually attracts the attention of terminal operators. The relevant research survey in this paper is carried out on various operational task flows in a container yard. In terms of operational features of vehicle-mounted tasks in storage yard, such as complexity, instantaneity, derivatization and flexibility, a two-layer workflow engine framework is proposed to support dynamic scheduling. ECA rules and the features of a directed graph are combined to formulate a bottom-layer workflow model, which enables the model to implement dynamic assignment. And the upper-layer workflow drive is composed of three parts, the task generation, processing and mutation. It regulates the generation, mutation and elimination of operational tasks in a container yard. On the basis of long-term practical experience and application in multiple yards of Tianjin Port in China, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed workflow engine is verified. The application of the technical framework provides a practical reference for operational control and management in logistics enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive manganese (Mn) exposure can lead to oxidative injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) exerts an antioxidant response toward various environmental toxicants in the brain. However, the role of Nrf2 against Mn-induced oxidative injury remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the role of melatonin (MLT), an agent that was recently shown to induce the activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway against manganism. Mice were randomly divided into six groups, including control, 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg MnCl, MLT control, and MLT + 50 mg/kg MnCl. The following were determined: behavioral activity; pathological changes; immunofluorescence staining of Neuronal Nuclei and glial fibrillary acidic protein; cell apoptosis; the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH); the immunohistochemical expression; and the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, and downstream enzymes. Mn-induced motor disorders, pathological damage, neuron degeneration, astrocytes activation, apoptosis, ROS and MDA generation, and GSH depletion. Nrf2, keap1, heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, and quinone 1 showed a biphasic expression trend, which was most evidenced in the 12.5 mg/kg MnCl group. Changes in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathionine S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase decreased in a concentration-dependent manner as a result of Mn exposure. MLT antagonized oxidative injury through the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. In conclusion, disturbance of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway partly caused oxidative injury. MLT can activate Nrf2 and its downstream enzymes and reverse Mn-induced oxidative injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truck-lifting accidents are common in container-lifting operations. Previously, the operation sites are needed to arrange workers for observation and guidance. However, with the development of automated equipment in container terminals, an automated accident detection method is required to replace manual workers. Considering the development of vision detection and tracking algorithms, this study designed a vision-based truck-lifting prevention system. This system uses a camera to detect and track the movement of the truck wheel hub during the operation to determine whether the truck chassis is being lifted. The hardware device of this system is easy to install and has good versatility for most container-lifting equipment. The accident detection algorithm combines convolutional neural network detection, traditional image processing, and a multitarget tracking algorithm to calculate the displacement and posture information of the truck during the operation. The experiments show that the measurement accuracy of this system reaches 52 mm, and it can effectively distinguish the trajectories of different wheel hubs, meeting the requirements for detecting lifting accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two winter rapeseed cultivars, "NS" (cold tolerant) and "NF" (cold sensitive), were used to reveal the morphological, physiological, and proteomic characteristics in leaves of plants after treatment at -4°C for 12 h(T1) and 24 h(T2), and at room temperature(T0), to understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance. Antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment ability were higher, and plasma membrane injury was less obvious, in NS than in NF under cold stress. We detected different abundant proteins (DAPs) related to cold tolerance in winter rapeseed through data-independent acquisition (DIA). Compared with NF, A total of 1,235 and 1,543 DAPs were identified in the NSs under T1 and T2, respectively. Compared with NF, 911 proteins were more abundant in NS only after cold treatment. Some of these proteins were related to ROS scavenging through four metabolic pathways: lysine degradation; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; flavonoid biosynthesis; and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Analysis of these proteins in the four candidate pathways revealed that they were rapidly accumulated to quickly enhance ROS scavenging and improve the cold tolerance of NS. These proteins were noticeably more abundant during the early stage of cold stress, which was critical for avoiding ROS damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) can bind to ice crystals and restrain the formation of larger crystals, a strategy vital to the survival of plants in freezing environments. The BrAFP1 from winter rapeseed cultivars 'Longyou 7' with high cold tolerance was cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis. BrAFP1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Under cold stress, SOD activity and free proline content were higher, MDA content and relative conductivity were lower in transgenic lines than those in wide-type Arabidopsis. Frostbite of transgenic plants was minimized, whereas frostbite of the Arabidopsis afp1 mutant was severe. Transition of the amino acid at position 17 of BrAFP1 was related to the increased winter survival of the rapeseed cultivar. Cultivars with higher survival rates had a predilection for tyrosine, not tryptophan, at the 17th site in the amino sequence of BrAFP1. Transcription of BrAFP1 was induced more rapidly, and the expression of the gene was also higher, in Longyou 7 than that in Tianyou 4 under cold stress. Overall, the high expression of BrAPF1 confers more cold-tolerance in Longyou 7. • BrAFP1 gene from Brassica rapa was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. • Overexpression of BrAFP1 increases the peroxide scavenging and osmotic regulation, decreases peroxide damage in Arabidopsis. • Overexpression of BrAFP1 improves cold-tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. • Overwintering rate of winter rapeseed is closed correlative with the amino transition at 17th of BrAFP1 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic to humans and the reproductive system. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in a male Institute of Cancer Research mouse model of cadmium poisoning. Changes in luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), 17α-hydroxylase and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) expression levels were examined. A total of 24 male mice (4-week-old) were randomly divided into four groups (normal control group and low, medium and high cadmium groups) and subjected to gavage treatment with normal saline or cadmium-containing saline solutions for 8 weeks prior to sacrifice. To assess testicular injury, serum androgen levels were determined by ELISA, testicular tissue pathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, LHR, 17α-hydroxylase and eNOS expressions levels were examined by western blotting, and apoptosis was examined with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The results demonstrated that the severity of testes injury increased with cadmium concentration. In addition, LHR, 17α-hydroxylase and eNOS expression levels increased with low and medium concentrations of cadmium; however, they were decreased following treatment with high concentrations of cadmium. The results from the present study demonstrated that cadmium altered LHR, 17α-hydroxylase and eNOS expression levels in testicular stromal cells, which may impact testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, NO was suggested to be involved in cadmium-induced testicular injury by measurements of eNOS expression in testicular stromal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhao, N.; Guo, Y.; Xiang, T.; Xia, M.; Shen, Y., and Mi, C., 2018. Container ship stowage based on monte carlo tree search. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 540–547. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the development of larger ships, modernized wharves, standardized production, meticulous management, and flexible service in container transportation, port production management is becoming increasingly intelligent. How to improve the efficiency when making stowage plans, the core issue in container terminals, has become a popular topic in research. Starting with the stowage issue, this paper provides rational solutions to stowage location and loading sequence of unloaded containers on the yard, giving overall consideration on ship owners' requirement and dock authority's practical operation. Considering turnover on yard, RTG cross-container operation and RTG shifting, based on loading principles and constraints, this paper establishes an optimized model for multiple targets and creates an MCTS method, where five procedures including extension and option, together with corresponding strategies, are designed according to the search tree. Practical numerical examples indicate that the suggested model and algorithm can produce effective solution in due time. This is the first time that MCTS is applied for loading issues in container terminals, so this paper does not only use and perfect theories on optimizing, system analysis and decision, but also contribute to the intelligentization of container terminals. Relevant methods and thinking are referential and applicable to the study of issues of the same kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yao, H.; Yang, Y.; Fu, X., and Mi, C., 2018. An adaptive sliding-window strategy for outlier detection in wireless sensor networks for smart port construction. In: Ashraf, M.A. and Chowdhury, A.J.K. (eds.), Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Human and Climatic Changes throughout Asia. With the rapid expansion of wireless sensor network in smart ports, the outlier detection in data streams produced by sensor has attracted a wide range of attention to meet the challenge of network security, fault diagnosis, and intrusion detection. In this paper, the focus is on the adaptive optimization strategy for sliding window–based outlier detection method, which has been involved in a few of the existing relevant literatures. A novel adaptive sliding-window method is introduced to dynamically optimize the sample set of data streams based on the local continuous fluctuations of data. The local outlier factor is calculated for data within the composite neighborhood in the sliding window to estimate its local ability to be an outlier. Then, data with the ability to be a continuously high outlier is detected as an outlier. Finally, the scalability, computational complexity and outlier-detection effect of the proposed method have been analyzed based on synthetic and real datasets. All results show that the proposed approach has superior outlier-detection performance compared with the fixed sliding window–based method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cold tolerance of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars is critically important for winter survival and yield formation in northern China. Few studies have examined the genetic mechanism underlying the overwintering survival of B. napus. Here, an F 2 population including 174 lines and an F 2:3 population including 174 lines were generated to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to the cold tolerance of B. napus. A genetic linkage map including 1,017 markers merged into 268 bins covering 793.53 cM was constructed. A total of 16 QTLs for two cold-tolerance indicators related to overwintering success were detected among the two populations. These QTLs were responsible for explaining 0.97%–12.74% of the phenotypic variation. Two major QTLs, qOWRTA07 and qOWRLA07 , explaining more than 10% of the phenotypic variation were identified in overlapping regions, and we suspected that these two QTLs might represent the same QTL mapped between the two bins, c07b004 and c07b005, corresponding to the physical interval from 21.4 M to 23.4 M on chromosome A07. One gene, BnaA07G0198300ZS , contained the candidate region for overwintering rate (OWR). RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of this gene significantly differed between the two parents (NST57 and CY12), and its expression was higher in NST57 than in CY12. This gene may be involved in the cold-response during overwintering period of B. napus. These results are important for the molecular breeding to improve the cold tolerance and overwintering success of winter oilseed rape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavily Eu3+-doped BaCa2In6O12 phosphors were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction, and its structural properties were investigated by means of Rietveld refinement method using an X-ray source. XRD patterns confirm the hexagonal phase of BaCa2In6O12: Eu3+ phosphors. The obtained spectrum data indicate that the emission spectra of Ba1− xEu xCa2In6O12 samples excited at 393 nm exhibit a series of shaped peaks assigned to the 5D0,1,2,3 →7F J ( J = 0,1,2,3,4) transitions. Luminescence from the higher excited states, such as 5D1, 5D2, and 5D3, were also observed even though the Eu3+ concentration was up to x = 0.4. More importantly, the Ba1− xEu xCa2In6O12 phosphor still emits white luminescence, when the Eu3+ ion concentration is up to x = 0.07 before concentration quenching is observed, which shows that the phosphor is a promising single-phase phosphor for near ultraviolet ( NUV) light-emitting diodes ( LED). Furthermore, the temperature's impact on white luminescent properties was studied. Finally, a white-light-emitting diodes (W- LEDs) fabricated with the Ba0.95Eu0.05Ca2In6O12 phosphor incorporated with an encapsulant in ultraviolet LEDs (λmax = 395 nm) is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yb 3+ doped BaGd 2 ZnO 5 phosphor was synthesized via sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectra were employed to characterize the as-obtained products. Upon 274 nm excitation, a single strong narrow-band emission from 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 of Yb 3+ ion around 977 nm was obtained in Yb 3+ doped BaGd 2 ZnO 5 phosphor, which was well suited to efficient absorption in a silicon solar cell. After adding Ce 3+ into Yb 3+ -doped BaGd 2 ZnO 5 , the excitation spectra of samples monitored at 977 nm indicated that the excitation peaks were in the broad range from 230 nm to 400 nm, which covered ultraviolet and blue light with poor solar cell spectral response. Furthermore, Er 3+ was introduced into Yb 3+ -doped BaGd 2 ZnO 5 phosphor to prove the high energy transfer efficiency from Gd 3+ ion to Yb 3+ ion by comparing it with that of Er 3+ ion to Yb 3+ ion. With access to broad-band absorption, narrow-band emission as well as high energy transfer efficiency, Ce 3+ , Yb 3+ -codoped BaGd 2 ZnO 5 may have potential applications in modifying the solar spectrum to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia are called “Niu-Wei-Cai” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This botanical has been used in treating the symptoms of gout and other hyperuricemic-related conditions in TCM. Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. In this study, we evaluated whether Smilax riparia could enhance allopurinol׳s effects by decreasing the serum uric acid level in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate. Materials and methods We examined the effects of allopurinol (5 mg/kg) administration alone or in combination with Smilax riparia saponins (SRS, 500 mg/kg) on the serum uric acid (S UA ), serum creatinine (S Cr ) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in a hyperuricemic mouse model. The effects of allopurinol alone or those of allopurinol plus SRS on the XOD activities were measured. Western blot analysis was used to measure the levels of mURAT1, mGLUT9 and mOTA1 in the mice. Results Compared with allopurinol alone, the combination of allopurinol and SRS significantly decreased the serum uric acid level and increased the urine uric acid level (both P <0.05), leading to the normalized serum and urine uric acid concentrations. Data on serum and urine creatinine and BUN supported these observations. The attenuation of hyperuricemia-induced renal dysfunction was linked to the inhibition of both serum and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD), the down-regulation of renal mURAT1 and mGLUT9, and the up-regulation of mOAT1. Conclusion The anti-hyperuricemia effects of allopurinol are improved by Smilax riparia co-administration. The results were supported by the measurement of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, XOD, mURAT1, mGLUT9 and mOAT1. Our data may have a potential value in clinical practice in the treatment of gout and other hyperuricemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yang, X.; Zhao, N.; Bian, Z.; Chai, J., and Mi, C., 2015. An intelligent storage determining method for inbound containers in container terminals. In this paper, the container Stacking Position Determination Problem (SPDP) for inbound containers in the process of vessel loading and unloading activities is discussed, specifically focusing on the storage space allocation problem (SSAP) in container terminals. The process of positioning inbound containers is investigated and analyzed based on an advanced handling strategy, namely assigning quay cranes in their full utilization with the aim of 'Full In & Full Out' that is proposed for internal trucks, where intense loading and unloading activities are considered at the same time. A multi-objective integer programming model (MOIPM) is then put forward based on the idea of real-time strategic planning. For the solution, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to address the formulated problem. In addition to the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model, a number of experimental results also verify the robustness of the GA algorithm. The application of the proposed method is able to improve operational efficiency in container terminals and reduce handling costs as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shu, F.; Mi, W.; Li, X.; Zhao, N.; Mi, C., and Yang, X., 2015. A double-population genetic algorithm for ASC loading sequence optimization in automated container terminals. An automated container terminal (ACT) emphasizes the autonomy of equipment scheduling. The scheduling of the automated stacking crane (ASC) as major equipment has an important impact on the yard operating efficiency. In the export process, ASC cooperated with the quay crane in loading operations. Although traditionally the loading sequence of ASC is generated directly in terms of the stowage plan, with the trend towards automated intelligent terminals, the ASC is becoming increasingly the content of dynamic decision. This paper presents a method of dynamic planning ASC loading sequence after the stowage plan. The method took reshuffling number and ASC movement frequency into account, considered the target vessel slots defined by the stowage plan as constraints, and established a multi-objective mathematical model. Taking into account the problem with NP-hard characteristics, this paper proposed a double-population genetic algorithm based on a general genetic algorithm, establishing a solution mechanism by leveraging genetic exchanges between populations to change the convergence speed. With the completion of a certain bay in the block, it online adjusted the next block collection, and eventually formed a solution of real-time loading sequence. Experiments demonstrated that the algorithm could dynamically obtain the near optimal solution of the problem, adapt the timeliness demand of ASC dynamic decision, and improve the intelligence of the equipment control system (ECS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bian, Z.; Yang, Y.; Mi, W., and Mi, C., 2015. Dispatching electric AGVs in automated container terminals with long travel distance. Electric AGV's are a promising horizontal transporter for automated container terminals (ACT), however, its application in ACTs has been held back since the performance of batteries was unsatisfactory. Following the development of battery technology in recent years, the major obstacle impeding the application of AGVs has turned to the management defects, especially in automated container terminals with long travelling distance. In light of this, an event-driven approach for dispatching electric AGVs in ACT's is proposed in this paper. An event-driven assignment model considering battery capacity is raised, in which empty AGVs are always deemed as available for assignment. Moreover, the performance of algorithms for assignment is compared by numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel SrS: Yb 2+ long persistent luminescence (LPL) phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction in a reduce atmosphere. Meanwhile, the phosphors showed the characteristic of photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL). The photoluminescence (PL) properties, long afterglow curve as well as PSL of the as-prepared phosphors were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the emission spectrum covers from 550 nm to 700 nm with a maximum at 605 nm. When excited by 465 nm light as well as 980 nm LD, red LPL was observed in this phosphor. The red LPL and PSL suggest that SrS: Yb 2+ has good prospect for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present a new method of the mutual injection phase-locked coherent combination of fiber lasers based on corner cube reflector (CCR). The theoretic calculation of phase difference and far-field intensity distribution of coherent beams obtained by the CCR has been carried out on this work. The relation between the far-field optical intensity distribution and the CCR rotation angles is analyzed in the case of mutual injection. The coherent combination experiments of mutual injection phase-locked with two and four fiber lasers are performed. The experimental results reveal that the far-field intensity distribution in the two free running fiber lasers is good agreement with the theoretical calculation. In the two internal mutual injection structures, the coherent combination output power goes up as high as 54W, and power combined efficiency of more than 90% and fringe contrast about 90% are obtained. The far-field intensity distribution is the same as the typical coherent combination pattern of two-dimensional fiber laser arrays, the experimental results also show that the coherent combination output with more laser beams and higher power with a good beam quality could be realized by the current scheme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: BaGd2ZnO5: Dy3+, Yb3+ was successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method. The crystal structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope. Under 3W 971nm near-infrared laser excitation, the near-infrared emission of phosphors was intense. The dependence of the up-conversion emission intensities of the phosphors on the working power of laser diode was obtained as an evidence for the energy transfer from Yb3+ to Dy3+. In comparison, under excitation of 354nm light, the near-infrared quantum cutting for the BaGd2ZnO5: Dy3+, Yb3+ samples is proved by the emission spectra. The corresponding quantum cutting mechanisms are discussed through the energy level. The maximum quantum efficiency calculated approaches 158.0%. This study has the prospect to be applied in silicon-based solar cells to promote the conversion efficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Germinating seeds can sense low temperature for completing vernalization regulated possibly by SA. • The biosynthesis and signaling of SA was distinctly suppressed during vernalization in germinating seeds. • The content of SA correlate with vernalization rate of germinating seeds. The hybrid production of winter rapeseed is limited by the difficult vernalization processes. Thus, floral regulation of winter rapeseed parental lines cannot be executed through selection of sowing time during hybrid production. Therefore, in this study, strong winter rapeseed was used as the material to analyse the floral transition mechanism of germinating seed vernalization. Results demonstrated that germinating seeds could sense low temperatures and complete vernalization following a low temperature treatment for 56.5 d with a 100 % vernalization rate. The regression equation between vernalization rate (y) and vernalization treatment days (x) was determined as y = 0.019x − 0.0765 (R² = 0.8529). When the vernalization treatment time was prolonged, the vernalization rate and fruiting ability increased rapidly, and variations were observed in the membrane lipid oxidation and physiological characteristics. Furthermore, at the prolonged treatment time of 10–50 d, the salicylic acid (SA) content continued to decrease, with values significantly lower than those of the control. SA content is significantly positively correlated with the level of BrFLC transcription and a significantly negatively correlated with the vernalization rate of germinating seeds. Moreover, the expressions of genes associated with SA biosynthesis, SA signal transduction, the flowering key negative regulators were suppressed and that of positive regulators were promoted during vernalization. These results suggest that SA as a floral repressor is involved in the regulation of the vernalization process of winter rapeseed germination seeds. In addition, SA may be related to the counting dosage of vernalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Yb2+ doped BaS phosphor was synthesized for the first time. [•] The phosphor emits bright orange light. [•] The excitation and emission mechanism for Yb2+ in BaS was investigated. [•] The energy gap of BaS was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]