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Baocheng Pan,1 Chengli Zhao,1 Yizhao Gong,1 Jiaxuan Miao,1 Bingda Zhang,2 Yan Li1 1Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Li, Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email liyan@shnu.edu.cnBackground: Depression, a severe mental disorder, not only jeopardizes the health of mothers but also significantly negative impacts on families and their children. This study investigates the correlation between household chaos and maternal depression.Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Parent-Child Relationship Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory to assess 1947 mothers of children in seven kindergartens in Shanghai, China.Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between household chaos, marital conflict, and maternal depression. Marital conflict also showed a significantly positively correlated with maternal depression. Marital conflict mediates the relationship between household chaos and maternal depression. Parent-child relationships moderated the direct effect of household chaos on maternal depression. When parent-child relationships were low, household chaos had a greater predictive effect on maternal depression. Conversely, when parent-child relationships were high, the predictive effect of household chaos on maternal depression was reduced.Conclusion: This study reveals that parent-child relationships play a protective role in the impact of household chaos on maternal depression. This study significantly contributes to enriching the social support buffering model.Keywords: household chaos, marital conflict, parent-child relationships, maternal depression

Ziming Geng,* Jian Wang,* Jianchao Liu,* Jun Miao Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jun Miao, Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18920322787, Email mj6688@163.comPurpose: Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) research lacks bibliometric analysis, despite numerous studies. This study aimed to systematically analyze the development, current status, hot topics, frontier areas, and trends in ADS research.Patients and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1998 to June 2023. Information regarding the country, institution, author, journal, and keywords was collected for each article. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer and Citespace software.Results: The final analysis covered 1695 publications, demonstrating a steady increase in ADS research. The United States was the most prolific and influential country with 684 publications, followed by China and Japan. The University of California System was the most productive institution with 113 publications. Shaffrey, CI (47 publications) and Lenke, LG (41 publications) were top authors. The analysis revealed seven main research clusters: “intervertebral disc”, “adult spinal deformity”, “lumbar fusion”, “minimally invasive surgery”, “navigation”, “postoperative complications”, and “mental retardation”. Keywords with strong bursts of activity included degeneration, prevalence, imbalance, classification, lumbar spinal stenosis, and kyphosis.Conclusion: In conclusion, in recent years, ADS research has undergone rapid development. This study analyzed its hot topics, advancements, and research directions, making it the latest bibliometric analysis in this field. The findings aim to provide a new perspective and guidance for clinical practitioners and researchers.Keywords: adult degenerative scoliosis, adult spinal deformities, bibliometric analysis, CiteSpace, VOSviewer

Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the combination of ptychography and atomic electron tomography as an effective method for low dose imaging of individual low-Z atoms in three dimensions. After generating noisy diffraction patterns with multislice simulations of an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope through a 5-nm zinc-oxide nanoparticle, we have achieved three-dimensional (3D) imaging of individual zinc and oxygen atoms and their defects by performing tomography on ptychographic projections. The methodology has also been simulated in 2D materials, resolving individual sulfur atoms in vertical WS2/WSe2 van der Waals heterostructure with a low total electron dose where annular-dark-field images fail to resolve. We envision that the development of this method could be instrumental in studying the precise 3D atomic structures of radiation sensitive systems and low-Z atomic structures such as 2D heterostructures, catalysts, functional oxides, and glasses.

In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are: advanced, high gradient acceleration techniques, and x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Further, there is intense interest in the marriage of these two fields, with the goal of producing a very compact XFEL. In this context, recent advances in high gradient radio-frequency cryogenic copper structure research have opened the door to the use of surface electric fields between 250 and 500 MV m-1. Such an approach is foreseen to enable a new generation of photoinjectors with six-dimensional beam brightness beyond the current state-of-the-art by well over an order of magnitude. This advance is an essential ingredient enabling an ultra-compact XFEL (UC-XFEL). In addition, one may accelerate these bright beams to GeV scale in less than 10 m. Such an injector, when combined with inverse free electron laser-based bunching techniques can produce multi-kA beams with unprecedented beam quality, quantified by 50 nm-rad normalized emittances. The emittance, we note, is the effective area in transverse phase space (x, px/mec) or (y, py/mec) occupied by the beam distribution, and it is relevant to achievable beam sizes as well as setting a limit on FEL wavelength. These beams, when injected into innovative, short-period (1–10 mm) undulators uniquely enable UC-XFELs having footprints consistent with university-scale laboratories. We describe the architecture and predicted performance of this novel light source, which promises photon production per pulse of a few percent of existing XFEL sources. We review implementation issues including collective beam effects, compact x-ray optics systems, and other relevant technical challenges. To illustrate the potential of such a light source to fundamentally change the current paradigm of XFELs with their limited access, we examine possible applications in biology, chemistry, materials, atomic physics, industry, and medicine—including the imaging of virus particles—which may profit from this new model of performing XFEL science.

Atomic electron tomography (AET) has become a powerful tool for atomic-scale structural characterization in three and four dimensions. It provides the ability to correlate structures and properties of materials at the single-atom level. With recent advances in data acquisition methods, iterative three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithms, and post-processing methods, AET can now determine 3D atomic coordinates and chemical species with sub-Angstrom precision, and reveal their atomic-scale time evolution during dynamical processes. Here, we review the recent experimental and algorithmic developments of AET and highlight several groundbreaking experiments, which include pinpointing the 3D atom positions and chemical order/disorder in technologically relevant materials and capturing how atoms rearrange during early nucleation at four-dimensional atomic resolution.

Yan Lan, Chensheng Pan, Xiuli Qiu, Jinfeng Miao, Wenzhe Sun, Guo Li, Xin Zhao, Zhou Zhu, Suiqiang Zhu Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhou Zhu; Suiqiang Zhu, Tel +86-18171081029 ; +86-13035101141, Email zhouzhu@hust.edu.cn; zhusuiqiang@163.comPurpose: Previous studies have shown that persistent post-stroke depression (PSD) was associated with unfavorable prognosis. The aim of this multicenter prospective study was to investigate the predictors associated with persistent PSD, develop a nomogram and validate its clinical usefulness by decision curve analysis (DCA).Patients and Methods: A total of 875 acute ischemic stroke patients from four hospitals were consecutively recruited and completed 1-year follow-ups. Sociodemographic indicators, vascular risk factors, clinical information, serum biochemical indicators and cytokines were collected on admission. The functional outcome was assessed at 1 year after stroke. Persistent depression was defined as having a presentation of depression at each follow-up points and the depressive symptoms occurring persistently since the diagnosis of depression.Results: There were 513 patients who experienced PSD during the 1-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of PSD within 1 year was 58.6%. Persistent PSD was recorded in 289 patients, of which 59 (20.4%) result in unfavorable outcomes. The risk factors of persistent PSD in 1 year after stroke were the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) score at admission, serum direct bilirubin and free serum thyroxine (FT4) level and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Nomogram conducted based on these factors has a C-index (± standard deviation) of 0.655 ± 0.039, and the DCA demonstrated that the nomogram had a favorable clinical utility.Conclusion: We found that persistent depression after stroke in the first-year time course after stroke was associated with HAMD-17 score at admission, lower serum direct bilirubin and FT4 level, and APTT. A nomogram was developed with advisable clinical usefulness in our study.Keywords: persistent post-stroke depression, nomogram, decision curve analysis

Yanyan Wang,1 He Wang,2 Wenzhe Sun,1 Jinfeng Miao,1 Wenwen Liang,1 Xiuli Qiu,1 Yan Lan,1 Chensheng Pan,1 Guo Li,1 Xin Zhao,1 Zhou Zhu,1 Suiqiang Zhu1 1Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Affairs, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhou Zhu; Suiqiang Zhu, Tel +86 18171081029 ; +86 13035101141, Fax +86 27-83663337, Email zhouzhu@hust.edu.cn; zhusuiqiang@163.comBackground: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuropsychiatric complication after stroke, seriously affecting the quality of survivors’ life. As one of the important causes of PSD, neuroendocrine mechanism has been widely studied in recent years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on admission and PSD at 3 months.Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective cohort study, which was conducted at three independent hospitals (Tongji Hospital, Wuhan First Hospital and Wuhan Central Hospital) between August 2018 and June 2019. A total of 768 ischemic stroke patients were finally eligible for analysis and categorized into equal tertiles according to the distribution of ACTH and the number of patients. The χ2-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to check for statistical significance. And restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model was used to explore the non-linear relationship between continuous ACTH levels and PSD at 3 months.Results: The optimal cut-off points of ACTH were as follows: (T1) 0.32– 20.55 pg/mL, (T2) 20.56– 39.79 pg/mL, (T3) 39.80– 143.40 pg/mL. A total of 305 patients (39.7%) were diagnosed as PSD at 3 months follow-up. Significant differences were found between the PSD and non-PSD groups in ACTH concentration (P = 0.001). After adjustment for all conventional confounders, the odds ratios of PSD were 1.735 (95% CI = 1.176– 2.560, P = 0.005) for the highest tertile of ACTH and 1.496 (95% CI = 1.019– 2.194, P = 0.040) for the middle tertile of ACTH, as compared with the lowest tertile. In multiple-adjusted RCS regression, continuous ACTH showed saturation effect relation with PSD risk after 31.02 pg/mL (P for nonlinear = 0.0143).Conclusion: Higher ACTH level on admission is a significant and independent biomarker to predict the development of PSD at 3 months follow-up. Besides, saturation effect was revealed even if the underlying mechanism is unclear. For stroke patients, doctors should pay attention to the baseline ACTH for screening high-risk PSD in clinical practice.Keywords: neuroendocrinology, HPA axis, adrenocorticotropic hormone, post-stroke depression, restricted cubic spline, saturation effect

Guo Li,1 Jinfeng Miao,1 Chensheng Pan,1 Ping Jing,2 Guohua Chen,3 Junhua Mei,3 Wenzhe Sun,1 Yan Lan,1 Xin Zhao,1 Xiuli Qiu,1 Yanyan Wang,1 Zhou Zhu,1 Suiqiang Zhu,1 Lifei Lian1 1Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lifei Lian Tel +86-151 7150 7263Email 47009189@qq.comPurpose: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common and severe psychological sequelae after stroke, negatively affecting the patient’s functional outcome and quality of life. Rapidly measurable biomarkers to predict PSD are pivotal for the optimized care and allocation of healthcare resources. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are increased in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as cerebral infarction and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, which may be related to the occurrence of PSD in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This study aimed to investigate whether LDH levels on admission are associated with PSD at discharge.Patients and Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted, including all consecutive AIS patients within 7 days after symptom onset from May 2018 to October 2019. According to the distribution of LDH and the number of patients, patients were divided into equal tertiles. PSD was evaluated by DSM-V criteria and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) at discharge.Results: A total of 518 AIS patients were included. The optimal cut-off points of LDH were: lowest tertile (T1) 102– 159/L, middle tertile (T2) 160– 189 U/L, and upper tertile (T3) 190– 520 U/L. A total of 249 patients (48.07%) were diagnosed with PSD at discharge. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio of T3 PSD was 1.698 (95% CI, 1.070– 2.694, P=0.025), compared with T1.Conclusion: In summary, LDH serum levels on admission are associated with PSD at discharge. Clinicians should pay more attention to the baseline LDH level in screening for PSD at discharge.Keywords: post-stroke depression, lactic dehydrogenase, screen, cohort study

Macrocystis sp. isolate 501 is a brown algae in the family Laminariaceae. Here, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Macrocystis sp. isolate 501. The cp genome of Macrocystis sp. isolate 501 is 130 103 bp in length with a GC content of 30.86%. The assembled genome has a typical cyclic structure, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 76 397 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 42 856 bp, and a pairof inverted repeatregions(IRs) of 10 850 bp. The cp genome contains 140 unique genes, including 105 protein-codinggenes, six rRNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Macrocystis sp. isolate 501 was closely related to Phaeophyceae. The chloroplast sequence of this species was aligned on NCBI, and the highest coverage was Macrocystis pyrifera (99.18%). Macrocystis pyrifera, also known as the giant brown algae, was first described by the French naturalist Nicolas Duclos in 1750. However, the first detailed description and name of the species was given by the French naturalist Adolphe-Francois Le Jolis in 1863, an article entitled "Étude des Algues littorales de la Manche." We named the algae we get "Macrocystis sp. isolate 501," which is the first time that this species has been mentioned. Herein we present the first report on Macrocystis sp. isolate 501 with published genomic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guo Li,1 Ping Jing,2 Guohua Chen,3 Junhua Mei,3 Jinfeng Miao,1 Wenzhe Sun,1 Yan Lan,1 Xin Zhao,1 Xiuli Qiu,1 Zhou Zhu,1,* Suiqiang Zhu1,* 1Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhou Zhu Tel +86-18171081029Email zhouzhu@hust.edu.cnSuiqiang Zhu Tel +86-13035101141Email zhusuiqiang@163.comPurpose: The early detection of major post-stroke depression (PSD) is essential to optimize patient care. A major PSD prediction tool needs to be developed and validated for early screening of major PSD patients.Patients and Methods: A total of 639 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients from three hospitals were consecutively recruited and completed a 3-month follow-up. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory test data were collected on admission. With major depression criteria being met in the DSM-V, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression (HRSD) score ≥ 17 at 3 months after stroke onset was regarded as the primary endpoint. Multiple imputation was used to substitute the missing values and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to determine associated factors with a bootstrap backward selection process. The nomogram was constructed based on the regression coefficients of the associated factors. Performance of the nomogram was assessed by discrimination (C-statistics) and calibration curve.Results: A total of 7.04% (45/639) of patients were diagnosed with major PSD at 3 months. The final logistic regression model included age, baseline NIHSS and mRS scores, educational level, calcium–phosphorus product, history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation. The model had acceptable discrimination, based on a C-statistic of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.791– 0.829), with 71.1% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity. We also transformed the model to a nomogram, an easy-to-use clinical tool which could be used to facilitate the early screening of major PSD patients at 3 months.Conclusion: We identified several associated factors of major PSD at 3 months and constructed a convenient nomogram to guide follow-up and aid accurate prognostic assessment.Keywords: major post-stroke depression, nomogram, calcium–phosphorus product, C-statistic

Yan Hao,1 Jie Miao,2 Wenjia Liu,1 Kangqin Cai,1 Xianli Huang,1 Li Peng1 1Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nephrology, The Health and Rehabilitation Vocational College of Sichuan, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan HaoDepartment of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Zigong, No. 42, Shangyi Road, Daoshenghao Community, Ziliujing District, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-13990087106Email haoyan12301@163.comBackground: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have seen great advances in human disease control in a minimally invasive manner. This research aimed to explore the function of MSC-derived exosomes in diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression and the molecules involved.Methods: A rat model with DN and rat glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) models treated with high glucose (HG) were established, which were treated with exosomes from adipose-derived-MSCs (adMSCs). The levels of blood glucose, serum creatinine, and urinary protein, the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), kidney weight/body weight, and mesangial hyperplasia and kidney fibrosis in rats were determined. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), collagen I (Col. I), fibronectin (FN), Bax and Bcl-2 in HG-treated GMCs was assessed. The microRNA (miRNA) carried by adMSC-exosomes was identified, and the implicated down-stream molecules were analyzed.Results: adMSC-derived exosomes decreased levels of blood glucose, serum creatinine, 24-h urinary protein, UACR and kidney weight/body weight, and they suppressed mesangial hyperplasia and kidney fibrosis in DN rats. The exosomes also suppressed levels of IL6, Col. I and FN in HG-treated GMCs and promoted cell apoptosis. miR-125a was at least partially responsible for the above protective events mediated by adMSC-exosomes. miR-125a directly bound to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), while HDAC1 further regulated endothelin-1 (ET-1) activation. Up-regulation of HDAC1 blocked the functions of adMSC-exosomal miR-125a.Conclusion: This study suggested that adMSC-derived exosomes inhibit DN progression and alleviate the symptoms by carrying miR-125a, during which HDAC1 and ET-1 were inhibited. This study may provide novel effects into DN treatment.Keywords: exosomes, miR-125a, HDAC1, ET-1, diabetic nephropathy