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After the emergence and develops of e-commerce in Indonesia, consumer behavior began to shift, whereas now consumers no longer had to come to a store or a mall to go shopping and see the value of a product. They could just simply visit the targeted website or e-commerce platform, which is Shopee in this case. Shopee has provided many ways and selling features inside their platform for business owners to be able to interact directly with their product/service buyers even though they are not in the same physical environment. Among them is live streaming marketing via the Shopee live feature. This feature is pretty familiar to Shopee consumers or users, especially among UPN "Veteran" East Java students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of promotions, information quality, and price perceptions on impulse buying via the Shopee Live feature on UPN "Veteran" East Java students. This study uses quantitative methods which are processed using the SmartPLS 4 program, with a sample size of 100 respondents. The results showed that promotions, information quality, and price perceptions have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying.

Over the last twenty years, policymakers and practitioners have supported the growth of multiple interreligious initiatives aimed at peacebuilding and conflict resolution, and scholars have sought to understand and evaluate their efficiency. This article introduces and reviews the emerging scholarship which has developed to understand and analyze these efforts. It begins by drawing from recent empirical research to outline how scholars understand religion as being linked to conflicts and naming a number of initiatives that have been constructed as responses to them. The article then considers how interreligious dialogue could be understood to serve as a conduit for conflict mediation and peacebuilding. Finally, the paper discusses several persistent criticisms that have been raised about interreligious dialogue as a model of conflict resolution, especially in light of the ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza, and ends with some reflections about contemporary strategies for interreligious peacebuilding in light of them.

The paper clarifies how youth political engagement in electoral democracy is understood and the activities that constitute challenges for successful democratic process in Kogi State. The paper further explains youth participation in electoral democracy and they desire for equal representation and good governance. These desire were punctuated by money politics, electoral financing and electoral violence. The electoral series held between 2015 and 2023, revealed political violence and outrageous elections expense at all tiers of electoral contest, which infiltrate to produce declared winner without integrity. It is proof that cost of registration and administration of campaigning hinder youth participation in politic. Sadly, previous empirical studies failed to indicate the derogatory implication of money politics and how has electoral expenditures overtaken the place of merit. This situation further introduces youth as instrument of destruction that crept Nigeria political event. The paper explained how this perception affects electoral integrity in Kogi State. This paper examines youth participation in electoral democracy, and how electoral expenditure has hindered youth participation in electoral democracy, a signals to poor political culture. The paper adopted descriptive methods. This approach relies on both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources rely on copies of questionnaire. Secondary sources rely on textbook, journal, conference proceeding and Nigeria daily. The study adopted Marxist theory of Democracy. The finding indicates huge electoral expenditures, political inequality and compromised political space overtaken the place merit, which restrict youths from electoral contest. The paper recommends youth sensitization on political culture, with the view to exposing the risk associated with money politics and electoral violence in Nigeria.

High-resolution monitoring systems are commonly used to calculate mechanical and energy performance, as well as environmental impact resulting from the operation of a fleet of vehicles in a region. These systems require recording operational or vehicle position data, energy consumption in the case of electric or electric-assisted vehicles, and buttons for specific signals in the operation, such as the start of operation, end of operation, or package delivery. Some vehicle tracking devices available on the market do not allow speed and energy consumption data to be recorded and accessed at the required sampling frequency. This study presents the development and validation of a remote sensing device to record energy consumption and operational variables of a vehicle under real operating conditions with a frequency of 1 Hz. The functioning of the device, the integrated elements in its development, and the data analysis process are detailed. Finally, using the monitoring equipment data, a comparison was made between the operation of electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles, achieving savings of up to 83% in operating costs and a 79% reduction in CO2 emissions.

Multiple methods have been developed to construct driving cycles. However, a procedure to verify the ability of those methods to construct driving cycles that accurately represent local driving patterns has yet to be established. In this manuscript, we propose a protocol that addresses this need. We first define driving pattern representativeness and then propose a procedure and metrics to evaluate it. We argue that driving cycles should also reproduce vehicles’ energy consumption and tailpipe emissions. i.e., driving cycles should be constructed in the way that fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions of a given vehicle technology following the driving cycle in a chassis dynamometer are similar to the values observed in the regular use of that vehicle technology in the region for which the driving cycle was obtained. Based on this statement, we include a procedure and metrics to evaluate the ability of the method under evaluation to fulfill these requirements.

Viral myocarditis is an important cause of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Multiple clinical manifestations have been reported, including acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and ventricular arrhythmias. We present three patients with clinically suspected viral myocarditis causing acute heart failure. Serum coxsackievirus B antibodies were positive in all three patients. Each case resulted in significant clinical improvement with hemodynamic support and acute recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction. Despite an initial critical presentation concerning for cardiogenic shock, we highlight three cases of clinically suspected coxsackie myocarditis with an excellent short-term prognosis.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to explore adolescent dietary practices, related norms and acceptable communication platforms in northern Nigeria to inform future nutrition project design. Design: This was a qualitative formative research study. We used purposive sampling and conducted thirty focus group discussions with male and female adolescents aged 10–14 and 15–19 years (n 180) and six with adult influencers (n 36). We also administered a 24-h dietary recall with the adolescents using the Diet Quality Questionnaire. Setting: The study was conducted in urban and rural areas in three states in northern Nigeria. Results: Adolescents reported consuming six nutritious food groups the previous day on average. However, there was a wide disparity and only half consumed all five recommended food groups. Adolescents’ food choices were influenced by perceptions of the functional and physical benefits of nutritious foods and preferences for satisfying foods. Diverse foods were available in the food environment, but affordability constrained access to nutritious foods. Limited access to income and gender norms constrained adolescent agency over food choice. Girls, particularly those who were pregnant, had less agency related to food than boys. Adolescents thought that peers should be reached through group discussions, radio and phones, among other communication platforms. Conclusions: Adolescents consumed relatively diverse diets. Adolescent food choice was influenced by their embodied experience and knowledge related to nutrition and taste, home food environment and circumscribed agency. Opportunities exist to support healthy diets for adolescents by strengthening adolescents’ embodied knowledge, food environments and social support.

We investigated the feasibility of utilizing an exon-skipping approach as a genotype-dependent therapeutic for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) by determining which NF1 exons might be skipped while maintaining neurofibromin protein expression and GTPase activating protein (GAP)-related domain (GRD) function. Initial in silico analysis predicted exons that can be skipped with minimal loss of neurofibromin function, which was confirmed by in vitro assessments utilizing an Nf1 cDNA-based functional screening system. Skipping of exons 17 or 52 fit our criteria, as minimal effects on protein expression and GRD activity were noted. Antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) were utilized to skip exon 17 in human cell lines with patient-specific pathogenic variants in exon 17, c.1885G>A, and c.1929delG. PMOs restored functional neurofibromin expression. To determine the in vivo significance of exon 17 skipping, we generated a homozygous deletion of exon 17 in a novel mouse model. Mice were viable and exhibited a normal lifespan. Initial studies did not reveal the presence of tumor development; however, altered nesting behavior and systemic lymphoid hyperplasia was noted in peripheral lymphoid organs. Alterations in T and B cell frequencies in the thymus and spleen were identified. Hence, exon skipping should be further investigated as a therapeutic approach for NF1 patients with pathogenic variants in exon 17, as homozygous deletion of exon 17 is consistent with at least partial function of neurofibromin.

We study the correlation between phylogenetic and geographic distances for the languages of the Andic branch of the East Caucasian (Nakh-Daghestanian) language family. For several alternative phylogenies, we find that geographic distances correlate with linguistic divergence. Notably, qualitative classifications show a better fit with geography than cognacy-based phylogenies. We interpret this result as follows: The better fit may be due to implicit geographic bias in qualitative classifications. We conclude that approaches to classification other than those based on cognacy run a risk to implicitly include geography and geography-related factors as one basis of genealogical classifications.

El presente trabajo evalúa los postulados y la aplicación de la teoría de securitización (TS) de la Escuela de Copenhague —Ole Wæver, Barry Buzan y Jaap de Wilde — para indagar sobre aquellos cuestionamientos que posicionan a esta como una teoría conservadora dentro de los estudios de seguridad por adoptar y reforzar principios propios de los enfoques tradicionales. Con dicho fin, se examina cómo afecta a la TS adoptar las concepciones de la seguridad como supervivencia y la producción de la seguridad a través de procesos intersubjetivos de construcción de amenazas bajo la lógica de la teoría de los actos del habla y los roles y funciones determinados para agentes securitizadores y audiencias que privilegian las experiencias de un grupo en detrimento de otros. Con base en el análisis de estos postulados, este documento critica la metodología propuesta por esta escuela, misma que restringe el cambio del objeto de referencia y la ampliación de la agenda de seguridad. Abstract The present paper addresses how the theoretical framework of the securitisation theory, conceived by the Copenhagen School, embraces unique features of the traditional security studies. Its central focus is the assessment of the conceptions of security as survival embedded in the logic of the speech act theory, and the characterisation of the role endows to the securitising agents and the audience. By analysing those, this work criticises the methodology proposed by the Copenhagen School that restrains the deepening of the referent object and the broadening of the security agenda.

This work compared the Micro-trips, Markov-chains and the MWD-CP methods in their ability of constructing driving cycles (DCs) that represent local driving patterns. For this purpose, we used a database made of 138 time series of speed obtained monitoring during two months a fleet of 15 transit buses operating on roads with different levels of service, traffic and road grades, under normal conditions of use. Then, we used 16 characteristic parameters, such as mean speed or positive kinetic energy, to describe the driving pattern of the buses’ drivers monitored. Subsequently, we implemented three of the most widely used methods to construct DCs using this common database as input data. Finally, we evaluated the degree of representativeness of the local driving pattern contained in each of the obtained DCs. Toward that end we defined that a DC represents a driving pattern when its characteristic parameters are equal to the characteristic parameter of the driving pattern. Therefore, we used as criteria of representativeness the relative differences between paired characteristic parameters, and observed that the MWD-CP method produced the DC that best represents the driving pattern in the region where the buses were monitored, followed by the DC produced by the Micro-trips method.

We report the case of a 61-year-old man with sharp pain, tender mass at the left lower one-third posterior tibial region. The patient has a 10-year history of multiple myeloma and related chemotherapy. A positron emission tomography computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated the suspect of a posterior tibial nerve tumor. En bloc resection of the tumor was performed under guidance of nerve stimulator without resecting nerve trunk. Active nerve was reserved without any neuropathic pain. Histology revealed the presence of a peripheral schwannoma. In conclusion, the tibial nerve schwannoma appeared to be a whole nerve mass, but meticulous dissection showed that this tibial nerve schwannoma was a well-encapsulated tumor and can be separated from the nerve trunk with active nerve fibers reserved. Removal of the tumor made patient free of pain and asymptomatic after surgery. The level of clinical evidence is 4.

Recent research on political Catholicism in Europe has sought to theorize the ways in which Catholic politics, including Catholic political parties, political ideals, and political entrepreneurs, have survived and navigated in a post-secular political environment [...]

Summary: During development, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from specialized endothelial cells by a process termed endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). The genetic program driving human HSPC emergence remains largely unknown. We previously reported that the generation of hemogenic precursor cells from mouse fibroblasts recapitulates developmental hematopoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into hemogenic cells by the same transcription factors. Induced cells display dynamic EHT transcriptional programs, generate hematopoietic progeny, possess HSPC cell surface phenotype, and repopulate immunodeficient mice for 3 months. Mechanistically, GATA2 and GFI1B interact and co-occupy a cohort of targets. This cooperative binding is reflected by engagement of open enhancers and promoters, initiating silencing of fibroblast genes and activating the hemogenic program. However, GATA2 displays dominant and independent targeting activity during the early phases of reprogramming. These findings shed light on the processes controlling human HSC specification and support generation of reprogrammed HSCs for clinical applications. : Gomes et al. show that specification of hemogenesis in human fibroblasts is mediated by cooperative transcription factor binding. GATA2 displays dominance, interacts with GFI1B, and recruits FOS to open chromatin, simultaneously silencing the fibroblast program and initiating an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to definitive hematopoiesis. Keywords: hematopoietic stem cell, direct cell reprogramming, hemogenic reprogramming, cooperative binding, hemogenic endothelium, human endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, hematopoietic transcription factor, GATA2, GFI1B, FOS

Overtreatment is a cause of preventable harm and waste in health care. Little is known about clinician perspectives on the problem. In this study, physicians were surveyed on the prevalence, causes, and implications of overtreatment.2,106 physicians from an online community composed of doctors from the American Medical Association (AMA) masterfile participated in a survey. The survey inquired about the extent of overutilization, as well as causes, solutions, and implications for health care. Main outcome measures included: percentage of unnecessary medical care, most commonly cited reasons of overtreatment, potential solutions, and responses regarding association of profit and overtreatment.The response rate was 70.1%. Physicians reported that an interpolated median of 20.6% of overall medical care was unnecessary, including 22.0% of prescription medications, 24.9% of tests, and 11.1% of procedures. The most common cited reasons for overtreatment were fear of malpractice (84.7%), patient pressure/request (59.0%), and difficulty accessing medical records (38.2%). Potential solutions identified were training residents on appropriateness criteria (55.2%), easy access to outside health records (52.0%), and more practice guidelines (51.5%). Most respondents (70.8%) believed that physicians are more likely to perform unnecessary procedures when they profit from them. Most respondents believed that de-emphasizing fee-for-service physician compensation would reduce health care utilization and costs.From the physician perspective, overtreatment is common. Efforts to address the problem should consider the causes and solutions offered by physicians.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is widely practiced, but the indications are incompletely developed, and guidelines are poorly followed. OBJECTIVE: To study the monitoring practices of an established expert panel (the clinical working group from the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference effort) to examine the match between monitoring guidelines and their clinical decision-making and offer guidance for clinicians considering monitor insertion. METHODS: We polled the 42 Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference panel members ICP monitoring decisions for virtual patients, using matrices of presenting signs (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] total or GCS motor, pupillary examination, and computed tomography diagnosis). Monitor insertion decisions were yes, no, or unsure (traffic light approach). We analyzed their responses for weighting of the presenting signs in decision-making using univariate regression. RESULTS: Heatmaps constructed from the choices of 41 panel members revealed wider ICP monitor use than predicted by guidelines. Clinical examination (GCS) was by far the most important characteristic and differed from guidelines in being nonlinear. The modified Marshall computed tomography classification was second and pupils third. We constructed a heatmap and listed the main clinical determinants representing 80% ICP monitor insertion consensus for our recommendations. CONCLUSION: Candidacy for ICP monitoring exceeds published indicators for monitor insertion, suggesting the clinical perception that the value of ICP data is greater than simply detecting and monitoring severe intracranial hypertension. Monitor insertion heatmaps are offered as potential guidance for ICP monitor insertion and to stimulate research into what actually drives monitor insertion in unconstrained, real-world conditions.

BackgroundCurrent guidelines for the treatment of adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) consist of high-quality evidence reports, but they are no longer accompanied by management protocols, as these require expert opinion to bridge the gap between published evidence and patient care. We aimed to establish a modern sTBI protocol for adult patients with both intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain oxygen monitors in place.MethodsOur consensus working group consisted of 42 experienced and actively practicing sTBI opinion leaders from six continents. Having previously established a protocol for the treatment of patients with ICP monitoring alone, we addressed patients who have a brain oxygen monitor in addition to an ICP monitor. The management protocols were developed through a Delphi-method-based consensus approach and were finalized at an in-person meeting.ResultsWe established three distinct treatment protocols, each with three tiers whereby higher tiers involve therapies with higher risk. One protocol addresses the management of ICP elevation when brain oxygenation is normal. A second addresses management of brain hypoxia with normal ICP. The third protocol addresses the situation when both intracranial hypertension and brain hypoxia are present. The panel considered issues pertaining to blood transfusion and ventilator management when designing the different algorithms.ConclusionsThese protocols are intended to assist clinicians in the management of patients with both ICP and brain oxygen monitors but they do not reflect either a standard-of-care or a substitute for thoughtful individualized management. These protocols should be used in conjunction with recommendations for basic care, management of critical neuroworsening and weaning treatment recently published in conjunction with the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference.

BackgroundManagement algorithms for adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) were omitted in later editions of the Brain Trauma Foundation's sTBI Management Guidelines, as they were not evidence-based.MethodsWe used a Delphi-method-based consensus approach to address management of sTBI patients undergoing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Forty-two experienced, clinically active sTBI specialists from six continents comprised the panel. Eight surveys iterated queries and comments. An in-person meeting included whole- and small-group discussions and blinded voting. Consensus required 80% agreement. We developed heatmaps based on a traffic-light model where panelists' decision tendencies were the focus of recommendations.ResultsWe provide comprehensive algorithms for ICP-monitor-based adult sTBI management. Consensus established 18 interventions as fundamental and ten treatments not to be used. We provide a three-tier algorithm for treating elevated ICP. Treatments within a tier are considered empirically equivalent. Higher tiers involve higher risk therapies. Tiers 1, 2, and 3 include 10, 4, and 3 interventions, respectively. We include inter-tier considerations, and recommendations for critical neuroworsening to assist the recognition and treatment of declining patients. Novel elements include guidance for autoregulation-based ICP treatment based on MAP Challenge results, and two heatmaps to guide (1) ICP-monitor removal and (2) consideration of sedation holidays for neurological examination.ConclusionsOur modern and comprehensive sTBI-management protocol is designed to assist clinicians managing sTBI patients monitored with ICP-monitors alone. Consensus-based (class III evidence), it provides management recommendations based on combined expert opinion. It reflects neither a standard-of-care nor a substitute for thoughtful individualized management.

BackgroundTwo randomised trials assessing the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) were published in recent years: DECRA in 2011 and RESCUEicp in 2016. As the results have generated debate amongst clinicians and researchers working in the field of TBI worldwide, it was felt necessary to provide general guidance on the use of DC following TBI and identify areas of ongoing uncertainty via a consensus-based approach.MethodsThe International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury took place in Cambridge, UK, on the 28th and 29th September 2017. The meeting was jointly organised by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), AO/Global Neuro and the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma. Discussions and voting were organised around six pre-specified themes: (1) primary DC for mass lesions, (2) secondary DC for intracranial hypertension, (3) peri-operative care, (4) surgical technique, (5) cranial reconstruction and (6) DC in low- and middle-income countries.ResultsThe invited participants discussed existing published evidence and proposed consensus statements. Statements required an agreement threshold of more than 70% by blinded voting for approval.ConclusionsIn this manuscript, we present the final consensus-based recommendations. We have also identified areas of uncertainty, where further research is required, including the role of primary DC, the role of hinge craniotomy and the optimal timing and material for skull reconstruction.

Reference intervals are among the most widely used decision-making tools in the medical field, and are invaluable in the interpretation of laboratory test results. Moreover, when several biochemical analytes are needed to diagnose the same condition, a multivariate reference region is necessary to take the correlations among the analytes into account. Traditionally, multivariate reference regions have been constructed as ellipsoidal in shape. Since such regions are difficult to interpret and cannot detect the outlyingness of a specific analyte, many authors prefer rectangular regions. Reference intervals and regions may also depend on covariates such as age and sex. The covariate values are often random quantities since they are typically not controlled in reference interval determination studies. In this study, we propose procedures to construct rectangular multivariate reference regions that incorporate random covariate information. The reference regions are computed in a multivariate normal setting, using a prediction region criterion. A parametric bootstrap approach is employed to compute the prediction factor. Numerical results show that the parametric bootstrap approach is quite accurate, with coverage probabilities close to the desired nominal value. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to real-life data from a study to compute covariate-dependent reference regions for insulin-like growth factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last twenty years, policymakers and practitioners have supported the growth of multiple interreligious initiatives aimed at peacebuilding and conflict resolution, and scholars have sought to understand and evaluate their efficiency. This article introduces and reviews the emerging scholarship which has developed to understand and analyze these efforts. It begins by drawing from recent empirical research to outline how scholars understand religion as being linked to conflicts and naming a number of initiatives that have been constructed as responses to them. The article then considers how interreligious dialogue could be understood to serve as a conduit for conflict mediation and peacebuilding. Finally, the paper discusses several persistent criticisms that have been raised about interreligious dialogue as a model of conflict resolution, especially in light of the ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza, and ends with some reflections about contemporary strategies for interreligious peacebuilding in light of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe tolerance interval plays an important role in many applications. Its property of containing a specified proportion of sampled population values with high degree of confidence makes its computation meaningful. Whenever there are several populations, it may be of interest to perform simultaneous inference. For this reason, this study proposes methods to construct simultaneous tolerance intervals (STIs). Furthermore, since in many cases of practical applications the underlying distribution is unknown, the proposed STIs are derived under a nonparametric setting. The proposed procedures and algorithms are then assessed through performance metrics, such as estimated coverage probabilities and expected lengths. The performance of the proposed methodology is also compared with the Bonferroni correction approach. The proposed methods show accurate results, with coverage probabilities close to the nominal level. The nonparametric STIs computed using the proposed methods are generally better than the ones obtained through a Bonferroni-corrected approach. A real-life application on the assessment of liver function is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recession induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in steep job losses, pushed the unemployment rate to a high of 13.0 percent in the second quarter of [...]

Reference ranges are invaluable in laboratory medicine, as these are indispensable tools for the interpretation of laboratory test results. When assessing measurements on a single analyte, univariate reference intervals are required. In many cases, however, measurements on several analytes are needed by medical practitioners to diagnose more complicated conditions such as kidney function or liver function. For such cases, it is recommended to use multivariate reference regions, which account for the cross-correlations among the analytes. Traditionally, multivariate reference regions (MRRs) have been constructed as ellipsoidal regions. The disadvantage of such regions is that they are unable to detect component-wise outlying measurements. Because of this, rectangular reference regions have recently been put forward in the literature. In this study, we develop methodologies to compute rectangular MRRs that incorporate covariate information, which are often necessary in evaluating laboratory test results. We construct the reference region using tolerance-based criteria so that the resulting region possesses the multiple use property. Results show that the proposed regions yield coverage probabilities that are accurate and are robust to the sample size. Finally, we apply the proposed procedures to a real-life example on the computation of an MRR for three components of the insulin-like growth factor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sedentarism is uniquely associated with numerous health problems (e.g., obesity). School-age youth spend a considerable portion of their time being sedentary, although relatively little attention has been given to examining youth sedentary time or behaviors during school.Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined sedentarism (time, behaviors) in children and adolescents during school hours. Methods: Two separate electronic-databases searches were conducted. The first focused on sedentary time and looked for studies that: (1) were conducted in the U.S., (2) targeted the K-12 setting during school-day hours, (3) were an intervention, (4) included objective measures, and (5) reported sedentary outcomes as a time-based metric. The second search focused on sedentary behavior and looked for studies that: (1) were conducted in the U.S., (2) targeted the K-12 setting during school-day hours, and (3) included reporting of sedentary behaviors. A pooled estimate of percent-time spent sedentary was calculated. Results: On average, youth spent 63% of their time in school sedentary. There were no studies that met the inclusion criteria for the sedentary behavior portion of the review. Discussion: The limited number of studies found that report sedentary-time, coupled with the absence of studies describing sedentary behaviors, suggests that further descriptive research is needed to understand school-based sedentarism in youth. Translation to Health Education Practice: Professional development for school staff and intervention work should encompass sedentary time and behaviors across the school day.