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1. Economic crime, economic criminology, and serious crimes for economic gain: On the conceptual and disciplinary (dis)order of the object of study

Author: Nicholas Lord and Michael Levi
Subjects: Economic crimes, Economic criminology, Serious crimes for economic gain, Interdisciplinarity, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960
Abstract: This article has two main objectives. First, to interrogate the concept and/or conception of ‘economic crime’ (framed as a singular thing). We argue that current policy, and subsequently, social scientific (or criminological more specifically) framings, tend to arbitrarily ‘carve up’ the objects of study that interest us, in turn creating a ‘conceptual disorder’ that has implications for how we explain, and respond to, these harmful crimes. This raises questions about the value of the concept of ‘economic crime’ and about the related process of conceptual abstraction. In analytical terms, we argue that more can be gained by focusing on the necessary and contingent relations of serious crimes for economic gain. Second, to scrutinise the logic of ‘economic criminology’ (framed in terms of a singular discipline) and assess the value that criminology can add to analyses of related behaviours. Notwithstanding the journal’s aim to create a sub-field of ‘economic criminology’, we argue that research into the nature, organisation and control of serious crimes for economic gain ought to begin from the perspective of how we can create integrative, collaborative or multi-dimensional accounts of these behaviours in order to better organise, and identify, the most plausible explanations and interventions. To this end, we explore different ways of working interdisciplinarily, considering the underlying logic and/or rationale for doing so.
Published: 2023
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2. Constraints on the Spacetime Variation of the Fine-structure Constant Using DESI Emission-line Galaxies

Author: Linhua Jiang, Zhiwei Pan, Jessica Nicole Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, Robert Blum, David Brooks, Todd Claybaugh, Axel de la Macorra, Arjun Dey, Peter Doel, Kevin Fanning, Simone Ferraro, Jaime E. Forero-Romero, Enrique Gaztañaga, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Gaston Gutierrez, Klaus Honscheid, Stephanie Juneau, Martin Landriau, Laurent Le Guillou, Michael Levi, Marc Manera, Ramon Miquel, John Moustakas, Eva-Maria Mueller, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam Myers, Jundan Nie, Gustavo Niz, Claire Poppett, Francisco Prada, Mehdi Rezaie, Graziano Rossi, Eusebio Sanchez, Edward Schlafly, Michael Schubnell, Hee-Jong Seo, David Sprayberry, Gregory Tarlé, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Hu Zou, and The DESI Collaboration
Subjects: Emission line galaxies, Galaxy spectroscopy, Interdisciplinary astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present strong constraints on the spacetime variation of the fine-structure constant α using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). In this pilot work, we utilize ∼110,000 galaxies with strong and narrow [O iii ] λ λ 4959, 5007 emission lines to measure the relative variation Δ α / α in space and time. The [O iii ] doublet is arguably the best choice for this purpose owing to its wide wavelength separation between the two lines and its strong emission in many galaxies. Our galaxy sample spans a redshift range of 0 < z < 0.95, covering half of all cosmic time. We divide the sample into subsamples in 10 redshift bins (Δ z = 0.1), and calculate Δ α / α for the individual subsamples. The uncertainties of the measured Δ α / α are roughly between 2 × 10 ^−6 and 2 × 10 ^−5 . We find an apparent α variation with redshift at a level of Δ α / α = (2–3) × 10 ^−5 . This is highly likely to be caused by systematics associated with wavelength calibration, since such small systematics can be caused by a wavelength distortion of 0.002–0.003 Å, which is beyond the accuracy that the current DESI data can achieve. We refine the wavelength calibration using sky lines for a small fraction of the galaxies, but this does not change our main results. We further probe the spatial variation of α in small redshift ranges, and do not find obvious, large-scale structures in the spatial distribution of Δ α / α . As DESI is ongoing, we will include more galaxies, and by improving the wavelength calibration, we expect to obtain a better constraint that is comparable to the strongest current constraint.
Published: 2024
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3. DESI z ≳ 5 Quasar Survey. I. A First Sample of 400 New Quasars at z ∼ 4.7–6.6

Author: Jinyi Yang, Xiaohui Fan, Ansh Gupta, Adam D. Myers, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Feige Wang, Christophe Yèche, Jessica Nicole Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, David M. Alexander, David Brooks, Kyle Dawson, Axel de la Macorra, Arjun Dey, Govinda Dhungana, Kevin Fanning, Andreu Font-Ribera, Satya Gontcho, Julien Guy, Klaus Honscheid, Stephanie Juneau, Theodore Kisner, Anthony Kremin, Laurent Le Guillou, Michael Levi, Christophe Magneville, Paul Martini, Aaron Meisner, Ramon Miquel, John Moustakas, Jundan Nie, Will Percival, Claire Poppett, Francisco Prada, Edward Schlafly, Gregory Tarlé, Mariana Vargas Magana, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Risa Wechsler, Rongpu Zhou, Zhimin Zhou, and Hu Zou
Subjects: Quasars, Surveys, Broad absorption line quasar, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We report the first results of a high-redshift ( z ≳ 5) quasar survey using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). As a DESI secondary target program, this survey is designed to carry out a systematic search and investigation of quasars at 4.8 < z < 6.8. The target selection is based on the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (the Legacy Surveys) DR9 photometry, combined with the Pan-STARRS1 data and J -band photometry from public surveys. A first quasar sample has been constructed from the DESI Survey Validation 3 (SV3) and first-year observations until 2022 May. This sample includes more than 400 new quasars at redshift 4.7 ≤ z < 6.6, down to 21.5 magnitude (AB) in the z band, discovered from 35% of the entire target sample. Remarkably, there are 220 new quasars identified at z ≥ 5, more than one-third of existing quasars previously published at this redshift. The observations so far result in an average success rate of 23% at z > 4.7. The current spectral data set has already allowed analysis of interesting individual objects (e.g., quasars with damped Ly α absorbers and broad absorption line features), and statistical analysis will follow the survey’s completion. A set of science projects will be carried out leveraging this program, including quasar luminosity function, quasar clustering, intergalactic medium, quasar spectral properties, intervening absorbers, and properties of early supermassive black holes. Additionally, a sample of 38 new quasars at z ∼ 3.8–5.7 discovered from a pilot survey in the DESI SV1 is also published in this paper.
Published: 2023
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4. Neonatal Conjunctivitis Caused by Neisseria meningitidis US Urethritis Clade, New York, USA, August 2017

Author: Cecilia B. Kretz, Genevieve Bergeron, Margaret Aldrich, Danielle Bloch, Paula E. Del Rosso, Tanya A. Halse, Belinda Ostrowsky, Qinghuan Liu, Edimarlyn Gonzalez, Enoma Omoregie, Ludwin Chicaiza, Greicy Zayas, Bun Tha, Angela Liang, Jade C. Wang, Michael Levi, Scott Hughes, Kimberlee A. Musser, Don Weiss, and Jennifer L. Rakeman
Subjects: meningitis/encephalitis, whole-genome sequencing, Neisseria meningitidis, bacteria, US urethritis clade, neonatal conjunctivitis, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We characterized a case of neonatal conjunctivitis in New York, USA, caused by Neisseria meningitidis by using whole-genome sequencing. The case was a rare occurrence, and the isolate obtained belonged to an emerging clade (N. meningitidis US nongroupable urethritis) associated with an increase in cases of urethritis since 2015.
Published: 2019
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5. Arsenic Exposure and Cancer-Related Proteins in Urine of Indigenous Bolivian Women

Author: Jessica De Loma, Anda R. Gliga, Michael Levi, Franz Ascui, Jacques Gardon, Noemi Tirado, and Karin Broberg
Subjects: arsenic, Andes, Bolivia, FASLG, TFPI2, biomarker, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Indigenous people living in the Bolivian Andes are exposed through their drinking water to inorganic arsenic, a potent carcinogen. However, the health consequences of arsenic exposure in this region are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between arsenic exposure and changes in cancer-related proteins in indigenous women (n = 176) from communities around the Andean Lake Poopó, Bolivia. Arsenic exposure was assessed in whole blood (B-As) and urine (as the sum of arsenic metabolites, U-As) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cancer-related proteins (N = 92) were measured in urine using the proximity extension assay. The median B-As concentration was 2.1 (range 0.60–9.1) ng/g, and U-As concentration was 67 (12–399) μg/L. Using linear regression models adjusted for age, urinary osmolality, and urinary leukocytes, we identified associations between B-As and four putative cancer-related proteins: FASLG, SEZ6L, LYPD3, and TFPI2. Increasing B-As concentrations were associated with lower protein expression of SEZ6L, LYPD3, and TFPI2, and with higher expression of FASLG in urine (no association was statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons). The associations were similar across groups with different arsenic metabolism efficiency, a susceptibility factor for arsenic toxicity. In conclusion, arsenic exposure in this region was associated with changes in the expression of some cancer-related proteins in urine. Future research is warranted to understand if these proteins could serve as valid biomarkers for arsenic-related toxicity.
Published: 2020
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6. Prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure through drinking water and food and cognitive abilities at 10 years of age: A prospective cohort study

Author: Marie Vahter, Helena Skröder, Syed Moshfiqur Rahman, Michael Levi, Jena Derakhshani Hamadani, and Maria Kippler
Subjects: Arsenic exposure, Neurotoxicity, Child development, Cognition, School-age, Gender differences, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Background: Our studies of children in a rural Bangladeshi area, with varying concentrations of arsenic in well-water, indicated modest impact on child verbal cognitive function at 5 years of age. Objectives: Follow-up of arsenic exposure and children’s cognitive abilities at school-age. Methods: In a nested sub-cohort of the MINIMat supplementation trial, we assessed cognitive abilities at 10 years of age (n = 1523), using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV). Arsenic in maternal urine and erythrocytes in early pregnancy, in child urine at 5 and 10 years, and in hair at 10 years, was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Results: Median urinary arsenic at 10 years was 58 µg/L (range 7.3–940 µg/L). Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis showed that, compared to the first urinary arsenic quintile at 10 years (
Published: 2020
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7. The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)

Author: Joseph Harry Silber, Parker Fagrelius, Kevin Fanning, Michael Schubnell, Jessica Nicole Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, Jon Ameel, Otger Ballester, Charles Baltay, Chris Bebek, Dominic Benton Beard, Robert Besuner, Laia Cardiel-Sas, Ricard Casas, Francisco Javier Castander, Todd Claybaugh, Carl Dobson, Yutong Duan, Patrick Dunlop, Jerry Edelstein, William T. Emmet, Ann Elliott, Matthew Evatt, Irena Gershkovich, Julien Guy, Stu Harris, Henry Heetderks, Ian Heetderks, Klaus Honscheid, Jose Maria Illa, Patrick Jelinsky, Sharon R. Jelinsky, Jorge Jimenez, Armin Karcher, Stephen Kent, David Kirkby, Jean-Paul Kneib, Andrew Lambert, Mike Lampton, Daniela Leitner, Michael Levi, Jeremy McCauley, Aaron Meisner, Timothy N. Miller, Ramon Miquel, Juliá Mundet, Claire Poppett, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Reil, David Roman, David Schlegel, Santiago Serrano, William Van Shourt, David Sprayberry, Gregory Tarlé, Suk Sien Tie, Curtis Weaverdyck, Kai Zhang, Marco Azzaro, Stephen Bailey, Santiago Becerril, Tami Blackwell, Mohamed Bouri, David Brooks, Elizabeth Buckley-Geer, Jose Peñate Castro, Mark Derwent, Arjun Dey, Govinda Dhungana, Peter Doel, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Nasib Fahim, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Enrique Gaztañaga, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Gaston Gutierrez, Philipp Hörler, Robert Kehoe, Theodore Kisner, Anthony Kremin, Luzius Kronig, Martin Landriau, Laurent Le Guillou, Paul Martini, John Moustakas, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Xiyan Peng, Will Percival, Francisco Prada, Carlos Allende Prieto, Guillermo Gonzalez de Rivera, Eusebio Sanchez, Justo Sanchez, Ray Sharples, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Edward Schlafly, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Zhimin Zhou, Yaling Zhu, Hu Zou, and (DESI Collaboration)
Subjects: Dark energy, Astronomical instrumentation, Spectrometers, Galaxy spectroscopy, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract: A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI’s Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs.
Published: 2022
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8. Methylmercury exposure and cognitive abilities and behavior at 10 years of age

Author: Klara Gustin, Fahmida Tofail, Fardina Mehrin, Michael Levi, Marie Vahter, and Maria Kippler
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Background: Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known developmental neurotoxicant present in fish, yet the impact of childhood exposure is uncertain, especially in children with poor nutrition. Objectives: To evaluate associations of MeHg exposure with cognitive abilities and behavior in children from a poor rural area in Bangladesh. Methods: The MeHg exposure was assessed in 1434 ten-year-old children by measuring mercury concentrations in hair (hair-Hg), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive abilities were assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th edition), and behavior by the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: Children's median hair-Hg was 674 μg/kg (range 70–17,561 μg/kg). Concentrations did not differ by distance from scalp, indicating a similar exposure over time. No multivariable-adjusted associations were observed between the children's hair-Hg and their cognitive abilities. However, children in the highest tertile of hair-Hg had a lower prevalence of hyperactivity (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.45–0.83) and peer relationship problems (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.44–0.76), compared to children in the lowest tertile. The corresponding ORs were slightly stronger in children from families with lower socioeconomic status (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.90 and OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30–0.74) than in children from families with higher socioeconomic status (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.49–1.08 and OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–1.02). Similar stronger ORs were observed in underweight children. Conclusion: MeHg exposure was not associated with cognitive function, but inversely associated with certain adverse behavior. More studies are needed concerning the risk-benefit of different fish consumption in rural Bangladesh. Keywords: Methylmercury, Neurodevelopment, Behavior, Hair, Fish pollutant, Risk-benefit
Published: 2017
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9. Listeria brain abscess in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis

Author: Polina Trachuk, Tania Marin Saquicela, Michael Levi, and Rabea Khedimi
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of brain abscesses. Immunocompromised hosts, pregnant women and patients at extremes of age are especially susceptible. We discuss the successful management of a woman with autoimmune hepatitis on prednisone and azathioprine therapy with a L. monocytogenes brain abscess. Previously thought to be a rare cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection, the incidence of CNS listeriosis has increased due to a rise in organ and bone marrow transplantation requiring immunosuppressive medications. L. monocytogenes brain abscesses are now more frequently described and are associated with high rates of concomitant bacteremia suggesting a hematogenous route of infection. Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes, Brain abscess, Autoimmune hepatitis, Azathioprine
Published: 2019
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10. Ethical and Social Challenges with developing Automated Methods to Detect and Warn potential victims of Mass-marketing Fraud (MMF).

Author: Monica T. Whitty, Matthew Edwards 0001, Michael Levi, Claudia Peersman, Awais Rashid, M. Angela Sasse, Tom Sorell, and Gianluca Stringhini
Published: 2017
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11. Serum metal levels in a population of Spanish pregnant women

Author: Michael Levi, Loreto Santa-Marina, Ferran Ballester, Sabrina Llop, Mikel Ayerdi, Mario Murcia, Amaia Molinuevo, Miren Begoña Zubero, Manuel Lozano, and Amaia Irizar
Subjects: Iron, Population, trace elements, chemistry.chemical_element, Physiology, Calcium, Overweight, Selenium, Pregnancy, medicine, Animals, Humans, Magnesium, Vitamin B12, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Iron levels, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Vitamins, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Trace Elements, Zinc, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Female, Pregnant Women, pregnancy, medicine.symptom, business, serum, Copper
Abstract: Objective: To describe serum levels of calcium, copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc and evaluate their relationship with maternal socio-demographic characteristics and dietary variables in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Method: Cross-sectional study with 1279 participants from the INMA cohorts. Results: The concentrations of the elements analyzed were within the normal range. Associations with higher levels of these metals were found for calcium with white meat intake (p = 0.026), for cop-per with excess body weight (p < 0.01), low social class (p = 0.03) and being multipara (p < 0.01), for magnesium with being over 35 years old (p = 0.001), high social class (p = 0.044), primiparous status (p = 0.002) and low daily intake of bread (p = 0.009) and legumes (p = 0.020); for zinc with university edu-cation (p = 0.039) and residence in Gipuzkoa (p < 0.01), and for selenium with residence in Valencia (p < 0.01), university education (p = 0.001), vitamin B6 supplementation (p = 0.006), fish intake (> 71 g/day) (p = 0.014) and having been born in Spain (p = 0.001). Further, lower iron levels were associated with being overweight (p = 0.021) or obese (p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 supplementation (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Our results suggest that trace elements in the analyzed cohorts are adequate for this stage of pregnancy. The variability in these elements is mainly linked to socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. This study is part of the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) project. It was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-FEDER: 06/0867, 09/00090, 13/1944, 16/1288, 19/1338; Miguel Servet-FEDER: CP15/0025; Miguel Servet-FSE: MS15/0025) , by the Council of Gipuzkoa (DFG15/009) and by the Health Department of the Basque Government.
Published: 2022
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12. Fear of Economic Cybercrime Across Europe: A Multilevel Application of Routine Activity Theory

Author: Steven Cook, Luca Giommoni, Nicolas Trajtenberg Pareja, Michael Levi, and Matthew L Williams
Subjects: Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Social Psychology, Law, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Abstract: Despite the increasing prevalence of cybercrime and its study by criminologists, very little research has examined the extent, nature, and impact of fear of cybercrime. In this study, we conducted a multilevel analysis of the 2018 Eurobarometer Cybersecurity Survey to test the applicability of routine activities theory on fear of economic cybercrime. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating that: (1) fear of economic cybercrime varies across EU member states; (2) country-level infrastructure development and income inequality are predictive of individual-level fear; (3) individual-level routine activities and sociodemographic variables are associated with fear; (4) country-level infrastructure development moderates the effects of individual-level guardianship. This paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of including country-level and individual-level determinants in fear of cybercrime research.
Published: 2022
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13. Multicellular adaptation to electrophysiological perturbations analyzed by deterministic and stochastic bioelectrical models

Author: Javier Cervera, Michael Levin, and Salvador Mafe
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Cells can compensate a disruptive change in one ion channel by compensatory changes in other channels. We have simulated the adaptation of a multicellular aggregate of non-excitable cells to the electrophysiological perturbation produced by the external blocking of a cation channel. In the biophysical model employed, we consider that this blocking provokes a cell depolarization that opens a voltage-gated calcium channel, thus allowing toxic Ca2+ levels. The cell adaptation to this externally-induced perturbation is ascribed to the multiplicity of channels available to keep the cell membrane potential within a physiological window. We propose that the cell depolarization provokes the upregulated expression of a compensatory channel protein that resets the cell potential to the correct polarized value, which prevents the calcium entry. To this end, we use two different simulation algorithms based on deterministic and stochastic methods. The simulations suggest that because of the local correlations coupling the cell potential to transcription, short-term bioelectrical perturbations can trigger long-term biochemical adaptations to novel stressors in multicellular aggregates. Previous experimental data on planarian flatworms’ adaptation to a barium-containing environment is also discussed.
Published: 2024
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14. Men with HIV have increased alveolar bone loss

Author: Michelle Skelton, Cameron Callahan, Michael Levit, Taylor R. Finn, Karolina Kister, Satoko Matsumura, Anyelina Cantos, Jayesh Shah, Sunil Wadhwa, and Michael T. Yin
Subjects: HIV/AIDS, Bone biology, Men’s health, Periodontal disease, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract: Abstract Background Periodontal health in men with HIV remains understudied, despite suggestions of associations between HIV infection and gingival pocketing, periodontal attachment loss, and gingival inflammation. As antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality of life for people living with HIV (PLWH), aging-related risk factors and comorbidities, including periodontitis, have emerged. This study aims to assess alveolar bone height, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines, and periodontal disease activity in men with and without HIV. Methods Ninety-three men (50 HIV+, 43 HIV-) aged 35–70 years were recruited from Columbia University Irving Medical Center clinics. Periodontal examination, GCF collection, and intraoral radiographs were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted with t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Results While no significant differences were observed in bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss and pocket depths, men with HIV exhibited significantly greater alveolar crestal height on radiographs compared to men without HIV (HIV + 3.41+/-1.35 mm, HIV- 2.64+/-1.01 mm; p = 0.004), reflecting greater alveolar bone loss. Conclusions Men living with HIV demonstrate increased alveolar bone loss compared to those without HIV, possibly mediated by elevated IL6 levels. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive oral health management in PLWH and highlight the need for further research understanding the mechanisms linking HIV infection, cytokine dysregulation, and periodontal health.
Published: 2024
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15. Shared neutrophil and T cell dysfunction is accompanied by a distinct interferon signature during severe febrile illnesses in children

Author: Harsita Patel, Michael J. Carter, Heather Jackson, Oliver Powell, Matthew Fish, Manuela Terranova-Barberio, Filomena Spada, Nedyalko Petrov, Paul Wellman, Sarah Darnell, Sobia Mustafa, Katrina Todd, Cynthia Bishop, Jonathan M. Cohen, Julia Kenny, Sarah van den Berg, Thomas Sun, Francesca Davis, Aislinn Jennings, Emma Timms, Jessica Thomas, Maggie Nyirendra, Samuel Nichols, Leire Estamiana Elorieta, Giselle D’Souza, Victoria Wright, Tisham De, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Pierre Tissières, Elizabeth Whittaker, Jethro Herberg, Aubrey Cunnington, Myrsini Kaforou, Richard Ellis, Michael H. Malim, Shane M. Tibby, Manu Shankar-Hari, Michael Levin, and On behalf of the DIAMONDS Consortium
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Severe febrile illnesses in children encompass life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by diverse pathogens and other severe inflammatory syndromes. A comparative approach to these illnesses may identify shared and distinct features of host immune dysfunction amenable to immunomodulation. Here, using immunophenotyping with mass cytometry and cell stimulation experiments, we illustrate trajectories of immune dysfunction in 74 children with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2, 30 with bacterial infection, 16 with viral infection, 8 with Kawasaki disease, and 42 controls. We explore these findings in a secondary cohort of 500 children with these illnesses and 134 controls. We show that neutrophil activation and apoptosis are prominent in multi-system inflammatory syndrome, and that this is partially shared with bacterial infection. We show that memory T cells from patients with multi-system inflammatory syndrome and bacterial infection are exhausted. In contrast, we show viral infection to be characterized by a distinct signature of decreased interferon signaling and lower interferon receptor gene expression. Improved understanding of immune dysfunction may improve approaches to immunomodulator therapy in severe febrile illnesses in children.
Published: 2024
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16. Cybercriminal networks in the UK and Beyond: Network structure, criminal cooperation and external interactions

Author: Jonathan Lusthaus, Edward Kleemans, Rutger Leukfeldt, Michael Levi, and Thomas Holt
Subjects: Law
Abstract: This article examines the network structure, criminal cooperation, and external interactions of cybercriminal networks. Its contribution is empirical and inductive. The core of this study involved carrying out 10 case analyses on closed cybercrime investigations – all with financial motivations on the part of the offenders - in the UK and beyond. Each analysis involved investigator interview and access to unpublished law enforcement files. The comparison of these cases resulted in a wide range of findings on these cybercriminal networks, including: a common division between the scam/attack components and the money components; the presence of offline/local elements; a broad, and sometimes blurred, spectrum of cybercriminal behaviour and organisation. An overarching theme across the cases that we observe is that cybercriminal business models are relatively stable.
Published: 2023
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17. Pandemics and Fraud: Learning from the Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Antecedents

Author: Michael Levi
Published: 2023
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18. Frauds in Digital Society

Author: Michael Levi
Published: 2023
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19. Financial crimes - a criminological research perspective

Author: Michael Levi
Published: 2022
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20. Money laundering

Author: Michael Levi
Published: 2022
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21. Intrinsic Alignment as an RSD Contaminant in the DESI Survey

Author: Claire Lamman, Daniel Eisenstein, Jessica Nicole Aguilar, David Brooks, Axel de la Macorra, Peter Doel, Andreu Font-Ribera, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Klaus Honscheid, Robert Kehoe, Theodore Kisner, Anthony Kremin, Martin Landriau, Michael Levi, Ramon Miquel, John Moustakas, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Claire Poppett, Michael Schubnell, Gregory Tarlé, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, large-scale structure of Universe, dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], methods: data analysis, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We measure the tidal alignment of the major axes of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) from the Legacy Imaging Survey and use it to infer the artificial redshift-space distortion signature that will arise from an orientation-dependent, surface-brightness selection in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Using photometric redshifts to down-weight the shape-density correlations due to weak lensing, we measure the intrinsic tidal alignment of LRGs. Separately, we estimate the net polarization of LRG orientations from DESI's fiber-magnitude target selection to be of order 10^-2 along the line of sight. Using these measurements and a linear tidal model, we forecast a 0.5% fractional decrease on the quadrupole of the 2-point correlation function for projected separations of 40-80 Mpc/h. We also use a halo catalog from the Abacus Summit cosmological simulation suite to reproduce this false quadrupole., 13 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. For an accessible summary of this paper, see https://cmlamman.github.io/doc/fakeRSD_summary.pdf
Published: 2022
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22. A Comparative Analysis of Organised Crime Conspiracy Legislation and Practice and their Relevance to England and Wales

Author: Michael, Levi, primary and Alaster, Smith, additional
Published: 2017
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23. Overview and operation of the DESI focal plane

Author: Kevin Fanning, Robert Besuner, Daniel Eisenstein, Parker Fagrelius, Klaus Honscheid, David Kirkby, Martin Landriau, Michael Levi, Claire Poppett, David Rabinowitz, Michael Schubnell, and Joseph H. Silber
Published: 2022
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24. The DESI instrument

Author: Klaus Honscheid, Kevin Fanning, Stephen Bailey, Robert Besuner, Arjun Dey, Carl Dobson, Ann Elliott, Parker Fagrelius, Julien Guy, Jorge Jimenez, Stephen Kent, David Kirkby, Martin Landriau, Michael Levi, Robert Marshall, Paul Martini, Aaron Meisner, Claire Poppett, David Rabinowitz, Edward Schafly, Michael Schubnell, Joseph H. Silber, and David Sprayberry
Published: 2022
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25. Lawyers as money laundering enablers? An evolving and contentious relationship

Author: Michael Levi
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, Political Science and International Relations, Law
Abstract: Using limited datasets and case studies drawn from the Global North and South, this article critically considers the available evidence about the involvement of lawyers in elite money laundering and attempts to control their involvement. In addition to lawyers’ lobbying and drafting laws , the normal focus of the ‘enablers’ discourse is on lawyers using expert knowledge and legal professional privilege/professional secrecy to facilitate frauds and to conceal the criminal origins of the funds of others. In few known laundering-for-others casesis there much evidence that lawyer assistance goes beyond doing their normal business: setting up constructions for clients that avoid external scrutiny is usually legal. It is implausible to fully resolve the extent to which lawyer ‘enablers’ are, respectively, naïve, negligent, wilfully blind and/or intentionally criminal. Within-firm supervision and both real and expected regulatory/criminal justice/reputational controls may have an impact, but the evidence base for assessing control effectiveness remains weak.
Published: 2022

26. Review Symposium: Respectable Citizens—Shady Practices: The Economic Morality of the Middle Classes

Author: Stephen Farrall, Michael Levi, Susanne Karstedt, Steven F. Messner, and Michael L. Benson
Subjects: Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental ethics, Sociology, Morality, Law, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, media_common
Published: 2021
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27. Integration and validation of host transcript signatures, including a novel 3-transcript tuberculosis signature, to enable one-step multiclass diagnosis of childhood febrile disease

Author: Samuel Channon-Wells, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Ortensia Vito, Rachel Galassini, Victoria J. Wright, Andrew J. Brent, Robert S. Heyderman, Suzanne T. Anderson, Brian Eley, Federico Martinón-Torres, Michael Levin, Myrsini Kaforou, On behalf of UK Kawasaki Disease Genetics, ILULU, GENDRES and EUCLIDS consortia, and Jethro A. Herberg
Subjects: Gene expression, Diagnostics, Kawasaki disease, Tuberculosis, Bacterial infection, Viral infection, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Whole blood host transcript signatures show great potential for diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory illness, with most published signatures performing binary classification tasks. Barriers to clinical implementation include validation studies, and development of strategies that enable simultaneous, multiclass diagnosis of febrile illness based on gene expression. Methods We validated five distinct diagnostic signatures for paediatric infectious diseases in parallel using a single NanoString nCounter® experiment. We included a novel 3-transcript signature for childhood tuberculosis, and four published signatures which differentiate bacterial infection, viral infection, or Kawasaki disease from other febrile illnesses. Signature performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve statistics. We also explored conceptual frameworks for multiclass diagnostic signatures, including additional transcripts found to be significantly differentially expressed in previous studies. Relaxed, regularised logistic regression models were used to derive two novel multiclass signatures: a mixed One-vs-All model (MOVA), running multiple binomial models in parallel, and a full-multiclass model. In-sample performance of these models was compared using radar-plots and confusion matrix statistics. Results Samples from 91 children were included in the study: 23 bacterial infections (DB), 20 viral infections (DV), 14 Kawasaki disease (KD), 18 tuberculosis disease (TB), and 16 healthy controls. The five signatures tested demonstrated cross-platform performance similar to their primary discovery-validation cohorts. The signatures could differentiate: KD from other diseases with area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.897 [95% confidence interval: 0.822–0.972]; DB from DV with AUC of 0.825 [0.691–0.959] (signature-1) and 0.867 [0.753–0.982] (signature-2); TB from other diseases with AUC of 0.882 [0.787–0.977] (novel signature); TB from healthy children with AUC of 0.910 [0.808–1.000]. Application of signatures outside of their designed context reduced performance. In-sample error rates for the multiclass models were 13.3% for the MOVA model and 0.0% for the full-multiclass model. The MOVA model misclassified DB cases most frequently (18.7%) and TB cases least (2.7%). Conclusions Our study demonstrates the feasibility of NanoString technology for cross-platform validation of multiple transcriptomic signatures in parallel. This external cohort validated performance of all five signatures, including a novel sparse TB signature. Two exploratory multi-class models showed high potential accuracy across four distinct diagnostic groups.
Published: 2024
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28. Fraud and pandemics

Author: Russell G. Smith and Michael Levi
Subjects: Government, Corruption, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Public sector, Law enforcement, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Public relations, Private sector, humanities, Cybercrime, Procurement, Business, Law, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, health care economics and organizations, Criminal justice, media_common
Abstract: Purpose This study aims to draw out the common characteristics of frauds associated with pandemics and to identify any risks unique to them. Design/methodology/approach It considers the range of frauds and their reporting lags and examines what is known about current frauds against individuals, businesses and government, principally using public and private sector data from Australia and the UK. Findings The study identifies some novel crime types and methodologies arising during the current pandemic that were not seen in previous pandemics. These changes may result from public health measures taken in response to COVID-19, the current state of technologies and the activities of law enforcement and regulatory guardians. It shows that many frauds would occur anyway, but some specific – mainly online – frauds occur during pandemics, and because of large scale government assistance programmes to businesses and individuals, far more opportunities were created from COVID-19 than in previous eras. Social implications The study concludes with a discussion of the policy implications for prevention, resilience and for private and public policing and criminal justice. It stresses that plans for future pandemics must include provisions for better early monitoring and control of fraud and associated procurement corruption and notes that these require greater political will and organisation. It recommends a more serious analysis of the impact of prevention communications outreach to citizens, businesses and government. Originality/value The study uses fresh data on frauds from the private and public sectors and assesses some measures of control in a holistic way.
Published: 2022

29. Time to ACT-UP: Update on precautionary allergen labelling (PAL)

Author: Paul J. Turner, Antonio Bognanni, Stefania Arasi, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Sabine Schnadt, Sébastien La Vieille, Jonathan O’B. Hourihane, Torsten Zuberbier, Philippe Eigenmann, Motohiro Ebisawa, Mario Morais-Almeida, Julie Barnett, Bryan Martin, Linda Monaci, Graham Roberts, Gary Wong, Ruchi Gupta, Sophia Tsabouri, Clare Mills, Simon Brooke-Taylor, Joan Bartra, Michael Levin, Marion Groetch, Luciana Tanno, Elham Hossny, Barbara Ballmer Weber, Vincenzo Fierro, Ben Remington, Jennifer Gerdts, M. Hazel Gowland, Derek Chu, Marjan Van Ravenhorst, Jennifer Koplin, and Alessandro Fiocchi
Subjects: Food hypersensitivity, Food labelling, Food labelling legislation and jurisprudence, Precautionary allergen labelling, Codex, Risk management, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Background: Precautionary Allergen (“may contain”) Labelling (PAL) is used by industry to communicate potential risk to food-allergic individuals posed by unintended allergen presence (UAP). In 2014, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) highlighted that PAL use was increasing, but often applied inconsistently and without regulation — which reduces its usefulness to consumers with food allergy and those purchasing food for them. WAO proposed the need for a regulated, international framework to underpin application of PAL. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations convened an expert consultation to address the issue of PAL, the outputs of which are now being considered by the Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL). Objectives: To summarise the latest data to inform the application of PAL in a more systematic way, for implementation into global food standards. Methods: A non-systematic review of issues surrounding precautionary labelling and food allergens in pre-packaged products. Results: Approximately, 100 countries around the world have legislation on the declaration of allergenic ingredients. Just a few have legislation on UAP. Given the risks that UAP entails, non-regulated PAL creates inconvenience in real life due to its unequal, difficult interpretation by patients. The attempts made so far to rationalize PAL present lights and shadows. Conclusions: At a time when CCFL is considering the results of the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation 2020–2023, we summarise the prospects to develop an effective and homogeneous legislation at a global level, and the areas of uncertainty that might hinder international agreement on a regulated framework for PAL of food allergens.
Published: 2024
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30. Novel RNA biomarkers improve discrimination of children with tuberculosis disease from those with non-TB pneumonia after in vitro stimulation

Author: Ortensia Vito, Stelios Psarras, Angeliki Syggelou, Victoria J. Wright, Virginia Amanatidou, Sandra M. Newton, Hannah Shailes, Katerina Trochoutsou, Maria Tsagaraki, Michael Levin, Myrsini Kaforou, and Maria Tsolia
Subjects: tuberculosis, transcriptomics, stimulant, PBMC, peripheral immunity signatures, biomarkers, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: The diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) poses a challenge for clinical teams worldwide. TB-mediated changes in the expression of host genes in the peripheral blood can serve as diagnostic biomarkers and can provide better insights into the host immune mechanisms of childhood TB. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children (n=102) with microbiologically confirmed TB disease, TB infection (TBI), pneumonia, and healthy controls (HC) were stimulated with either the Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) or the Early Secretory Antigen 6kDa-Culture Filtrate Protein 10 (ESAT6-CFP10) complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). RNA was extracted and quantified using gene expression microarrays. Differential expression analysis was performed comparing microbiologically confirmed TB to the other diagnostic groups for the stimulated and unstimulated samples. Using variable selection, we identified sparse diagnostic gene signatures; one gene (PID1) was able to distinguish TB from pneumonia after ESAT6-CFP10 stimulation with an AUC of 100% in the test set, while a combination of two genes (STAT1 and IFI44) achieved an AUC of 91.7% (CI95% 75.0%-100%) in the test set after PPD stimulation. The number of significantly differentially expressed (SDE) genes was higher when contrasting TB to pneumonia or HC in stimulated samples, compared to unstimulated ones, leading to a larger pool of candidate diagnostic biomarkers. Our approach provides enlightened aspects of peripheral TB-specific responses and can form the basis for a point of care test meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) Target Product Profile (TPP) for pediatric TB.
Published: 2024
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31. Identification of pharmacological inducers of a reversible hypometabolic state for whole organ preservation

Author: Megan M Sperry, Berenice Charrez, Haleh Fotowat, Erica Gardner, Kanoelani Pilobello, Zohreh Izadifar, Tiffany Lin, Abigail Kuelker, Sahith Kaki, Michael Lewandowski, Shanda Lightbown, Ramses Martinez, Susan Marquez, Joel Moore, Maria Plaza-Oliver, Adama M Sesay, Kostyantyn Shcherbina, Katherine Sheehan, Takako Takeda, Daniela Del Campo, Kristina Andrijauskaite, Exal Cisneros, Riley Lopez, Isabella Cano, Zachary Maxwell, Israel Jessop, Rafa Veraza, Leon Bunegin, Thomas J Percival, Jaclyn Yracheta, Jorge J Pena, Diandra M Wood, Zachary T Homas, Cody J Hinshaw, Jennifer Cox-Hinshaw, Olivia G Parry, Justin J Sleeter, Erik K Weitzel, Michael Levin, Michael Super, Richard Novak, and Donald E Ingber
Subjects: metabolism, organ transplant, drug discovery, porcine, organ chips, drug repurposing, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Drugs that induce reversible slowing of metabolic and physiological processes would have great value for organ preservation, especially for organs with high susceptibility to hypoxia-reperfusion injury, such as the heart. Using whole-organism screening of metabolism, mobility, and development in Xenopus, we identified an existing drug, SNC80, that rapidly and reversibly slows biochemical and metabolic activities while preserving cell and tissue viability. Although SNC80 was developed as a delta opioid receptor activator, we discovered that its ability to slow metabolism is independent of its opioid modulating activity as a novel SNC80 analog (WB3) with almost 1000 times less delta opioid receptor binding activity is equally active. Metabolic suppression was also achieved using SNC80 in microfluidic human organs-on-chips, as well as in explanted whole porcine hearts and limbs, demonstrating the cross-species relevance of this approach and potential clinical relevance for surgical transplantation. Pharmacological induction of physiological slowing in combination with organ perfusion transport systems may offer a new therapeutic approach for tissue and organ preservation for transplantation, trauma management, and enhancing patient survival in remote and low-resource locations.
Published: 2024
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32. Toward a nomenclature consensus for diverse intelligent systems: Call for collaboration

Author: Brett J. Kagan, Michael Mahlis, Anjali Bhat, Josh Bongard, Victor M. Cole, Phillip Corlett, Christopher Gyngell, Thomas Hartung, Bianca Jupp, Michael Levin, Tamra Lysaght, Nicholas Opie, Adeel Razi, Lena Smirnova, Ian Tennant, Peter Thestrup Wade, and Ge Wang
Subjects: Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Summary: Disagreements about language use are common both between and within fields. Where interests require multidisciplinary collaboration or the field of research has the potential to impact society at large, it becomes critical to minimize these disagreements where possible. The development of diverse intelligent systems, regardless of the substrate (e.g., silicon vs. biology), is a case where both conditions are met. Significant advancements have occurred in the development of technology progressing toward these diverse intelligence systems. Whether progress is silicon based, such as the use of large language models, or through synthetic biology methods, such as the development of organoids, a clear need for a community-based approach to seeking consensus on nomenclature is now vital. Here, we welcome collaboration from the wider scientific community, proposing a pathway forward to achieving this intention, highlighting key terms and fields of relevance, and suggesting potential consensus-making methods to be applied.
Published: 2024
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33. Understanding the Laundering of Organized Crime Money

Author: Melvin Soudijn and Michael Levi
Subjects: Finance, Net profit, Scrutiny, Sociology and Political Science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Visibility (geometry), Payment, Money laundering, Power (social and political), Intervention (law), 050501 criminology, Organised crime, Business, 0505 law, media_common
Abstract: Four conditions influence the complexity of organized crime money laundering. First are diverse types of crime and forms in which proceeds are generated, including the type of payment, the visibility of crimes to victims or authorities, and the lapse before financial investigation occurs (if it does). Second, the amount of individual net profits causes differences between criminals who have no use for laundering, who self-launder, and who need assistance from third parties. Third are the offender’s goals and preferences in spending and investing crime proceeds. Investments are often close to home or country; some opt to wield power, but much is freely spent on a hedonistic lifestyle. Fourth, expected and actual levels of scrutiny and intervention of the anti–money laundering regime influence saving and reinvestment decisions and some arrests and confiscations, but there is no clear cause-and-effect relationship. The four conditions can intertwine in numerous ways. When conditions necessitate or stimulate more complex laundering schemes, this is reflected not only in techniques but also in social networks that emerge or are preconditions. Complex cases often depend on the assistance of professionals, outsiders to the criminal’s usual circle, who are hired to solve particular financial and jurisdictional bottlenecks.
Published: 2020
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34. Implementing a divergent response? The UK approach to bribery in international and domestic contexts

Author: Karin van Wingerde, Katie Benson, Alan Doig, Nicholas Lord, Michael Levi, and Criminology
Subjects: SDG 16 - Peace, Anti-bribery institutions, Public Administration, Sociology and Political Science, Corruption, media_common.quotation_subject, UK Bribery Act (UKBA), bribery, Context (language use), criminal prosecution, Accounting, Political science, law enforcement, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, media_common, Government, Divergence (linguistics), SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, 05 social sciences, Law enforcement, 050201 accounting, General Business, Management and Accounting, Justice and Strong Institutions, 0506 political science, Political economy, Finance
Abstract: This paper analyses UK domestic bribery. The authors argue that in both domestic and international contexts, cases are not numerically significant but that changes in how the UK government approaches bribery in the international context means that, where once domestic bribery was addressed more rigorously than bribery in the international context, this imbalance may be being steadily reversed. The paper concludes by setting out the implications that this identifiable divergence may have for the effective policing of bribery in the domestic context. The paper makes an empirical and theoretical contribution to the literature on corruption in the UK. This paper analyses the UK response to bribery and corruption and provides evidence of a divergent approach, in terms of strategy, policy and enforcement action, to addressing bribery in the domestic and international contexts. This has adverse implications for the prevention, detection, and investigation of bribery. In order to reduce the divergence and reinforce the domestic focus, governments need to ensure better and more detailed data for monitoring of the extent of bribery, the presence of a single lead for the domestic context to ensure consistency and co-ordination, and the availability of training for relevant staff to make certain relevant stakeholders are alert to emerging corruption issues. The empirically informed insights and arguments in this paper are relevant to policy-makers and practitioners working in the area of anti-corruption, as well as non-governmental organizations seeking to scrutinize anti-corruption strategies, policies and practice in the UK. KEYWORDS: Anti-bribery institutions, bribery, criminal prosecution, law enforcement, UK Bribery Act (UKBA)
Published: 2020
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35. Cosmological constraints from the tomographic cross-correlation of DESI Luminous Red Galaxies and Planck CMB lensing

Author: Martin White, Rongpu Zhou, Joseph DeRose, Simone Ferraro, Shi-Fan Chen, Nickolas Kokron, Stephen Bailey, David Brooks, Juan García-Bellido, Julien Guy, Klaus Honscheid, Robert Kehoe, Anthony Kremin, Michael Levi, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Claire Poppett, David Schlegel, Gregory Tarle, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica
Subjects: Gravitational Lensing, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gravitational lensing, cosmological parameters from CMBR, Molecular, FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, cosmological parameters from LSS, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Atomic, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Cosmological Parameters from CMBR, Nuclear, redshift surveys, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Cosmological Parameters from LSS, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Redshift Surveys
Abstract: We use luminous red galaxies selected from the imaging surveys that are being used for targeting by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in combination with CMB lensing maps from the Planck collaboration to probe the amplitude of large-scale structure over $0.4\le z\le 1$. Our galaxy sample, with an angular number density of approximately $500\,\mathrm{deg}^{-2}$ over 18,000 sq.deg., is divided into 4 tomographic bins by photometric redshift and the redshift distributions are calibrated using spectroscopy from DESI. We fit the galaxy autospectra and galaxy-convergence cross-spectra using models based on cosmological perturbation theory, restricting to large scales that are expected to be well described by such models. Within the context of $\Lambda$CDM, combining all 4 samples and using priors on the background cosmology from supernova and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, we find $S_8=\sigma_8(\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.5}=0.73\pm 0.03$. This result is lower than the prediction of the $\Lambda$CDM model conditioned on the Planck data. Our data prefer a slower growth of structure at low redshift than the model predictions, though at only modest significance., Comment: 44 pages, 16 figures. Matches version accepted by journal: more details on analysis, updated references, link to data added
Published: 2022

36. Combatting Money Laundering: Some Considerations for Security Professionals

Author: Michael Levi
Published: 2022
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37. Measuring the Cost of Cybercrime.

Author: Ross J. Anderson, Chris Barton, Rainer Böhme, Richard Clayton 0001, Michel van Eeten, Michael Levi, Tyler Moore 0001, and Stefan Savage
Published: 2012

38. Collective intelligence: A unifying concept for integrating biology across scales and substrates

Author: Patrick McMillen and Michael Levin
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Abstract A defining feature of biology is the use of a multiscale architecture, ranging from molecular networks to cells, tissues, organs, whole bodies, and swarms. Crucially however, biology is not only nested structurally, but also functionally: each level is able to solve problems in distinct problem spaces, such as physiological, morphological, and behavioral state space. Percolating adaptive functionality from one level of competent subunits to a higher functional level of organization requires collective dynamics: multiple components must work together to achieve specific outcomes. Here we overview a number of biological examples at different scales which highlight the ability of cellular material to make decisions that implement cooperation toward specific homeodynamic endpoints, and implement collective intelligence by solving problems at the cell, tissue, and whole-organism levels. We explore the hypothesis that collective intelligence is not only the province of groups of animals, and that an important symmetry exists between the behavioral science of swarms and the competencies of cells and other biological systems at different scales. We then briefly outline the implications of this approach, and the possible impact of tools from the field of diverse intelligence for regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
Published: 2024
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39. On Nuclear Terrorism

Author: Michael Levi
Published: 2009

40. A case of arrested development? Delivering the UK National Fraud Strategy within competing policing policy priorities

Author: Alan Doig and Michael Levi
Published: 2021
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41. Frauds and financial crimes: national strategic responses

Author: Michael Levi and Alan Doig
Subjects: business.industry, Accounting, Business
Published: 2021
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42. Frauds and Financial Crimes

Author: Michael Levi and Alan Doig
Subjects: Finance, business.industry, business
Published: 2021
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43. An Unusual Case of a Fibular Sesamoid Phalangeal Ligament Tear Caused By Chronic Trauma

Author: Jacob I Green, Paul M Kim, Michael Levi, and Amol Saxena
Subjects: Metatarsophalangeal Joint, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Sports medicine, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Microtrauma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, medicine.bone, Dancing, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Orthodontics, Ligaments, Unusual case, business.industry, Forefoot, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sesamoid bone, Ligament, Hallux, Female, Sesamoid Bones, Ballet dancer, business
Abstract: Injuries involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint and its associated structures are common, especially in athletes. However, injuries to the hallucal sesamoid complex constituted only 3% of all podiatric sports medicine injuries reported by Agosta. This case study reports a female ballet dancer with an isolated fibular sesamoid retraction injury that presented with a history of chronic microtrauma secondary to overuse. When consulting epidemiologic studies of forefoot injuries involving the hallucal sesamoid complex, we were unable to find a single instance of an isolated retraction of the fibular sesamoid resulting from chronic use, demonstrating the unusual nature of this case.
Published: 2019
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44. ‘Through a glass darkly’: organised crime and money laundering policy reflections - an introduction to the special issue

Author: Michael Levi and Georgios A. Antonopoulos
Subjects: M900, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Focus (computing), 050901 criminology, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Conventional wisdom, Criminology, Money laundering, Variation (linguistics), Political science, National level, Organised crime, 0509 other social sciences, Law
Abstract: This paper provides some reflections on the articles and the report excerpt included in the special issue of Trends in Organised Crime on organised crime and money laundering policy. The aim of this special issue to invite the reader to re-examine conventional wisdom in this issue area. The papers in this special issue emphasise the variation in policy measures, as they articulate the interplay between national and transnational controls, or focus on the national level but in a comparative way.
Published: 2021

45. Disgust as a primary emotional system and its clinical relevance

Author: Alexey Tolchinsky, George F. R. Ellis, Michael Levin, Šárka Kaňková, and Jeffrey S. Burgdorf
Subjects: disgust, affective neuroscience, psychopathology, OCD, immune system, active inference, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: This paper advocates for considering disgust as a primary emotional system within Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience framework, which has the potential to improve the efficacy of psychotherapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, and emetophobia. In 2007, Toronchuk and Ellis provided comprehensive evidence that DISGUST system, as they defined it, matched all Panksepp’s criteria for a primary emotional system. A debate ensued and was not unambiguously resolved. This paper is an attempt to resume this discussion and supplement it with the data that accumulated since then on DISGUST’s relationship with the immune system and the role of DISGUST dysregulation in psychopathology. We hope that renewed research interest in DISGUST has the potential to improve clinical efficacy with hard-to-treat conditions.
Published: 2024
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46. Heroin or fentanyl: Prevalence of confirmed fentanyl in ED patients with suspected heroin overdose

Author: Siri Shastry, Jonathan Lin, Kim Aldy, Jeffrey Brent, Paul Wax, Alex Krotulski, Sharan Campleman, Shao Li, Alison Meyn, Stephanie Abston, Barry Logan, Alexandra Amaducci, Bryan Judge, Michael Levine, Diane Calello, Joshua Shulman, Adrienne Hughes, Rachel Culbreth, Evan Schwarz, Alex F. Manini, and the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Fentalog Study Group
Subjects: fentanyl, heroin, opioids, overdose, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background United States drug overdose deaths are being driven by the increasing prevalence of fentanyl, but whether patients are knowingly using fentanyl is unclear. We examined the analytical confirmation of fentanyl in emergency department (ED) patients with documented heroin overdose. Hypothesis We hypothesized that the proportion of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs would be higher than that of confirmed heroin. Methods This is a subgroup analysis from a prospective multicenter consecutive cohort of ED patients age 18+ with opioid overdose presenting to 10 US sites within the Toxicology Investigators Consortium from 2020 to 2021. Toxicology analysis was performed using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. De‐identified toxicology results were paired with the clinical database. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with fentanyl analytes detected in their serum. Results Of 1006 patients screened, 406 were eligible, and of 168 patients who reported that they had taken heroin or had a documented heroin overdose, 88% (n = 147) were in fact found to have fentanyl and/or a fentanyl analog present on serum analysis (p
Published: 2024
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47. A computational framework to improve cross-platform implementation of transcriptomics signatures

Author: Louis Kreitmann, Giselle D'Souza, Luca Miglietta, Ortensia Vito, Heather R. Jackson, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Michael Levin, Alison Holmes, Myrsini Kaforou, and Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
Subjects: Host-response, Transcriptomic signatures, Diagnostics, Molecular test, RNA sequencing, Nucleic acid amplification techniques, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies and computational advances have expanded our understanding of gene expression regulation (i.e., the transcriptome). This has also led to an increased interest in using transcriptomic biomarkers to improve disease diagnosis and stratification, to assess prognosis and predict the response to treatment. Significant progress in identifying transcriptomic signatures for various clinical needs has been made, with large discovery studies accounting for challenges such as patient variability, unwanted batch effects, and data complexities; however, obstacles related to the technical aspects of cross-platform implementation still hinder the successful integration of transcriptomic technologies into standard diagnostic workflows. In this article, we discuss the challenges associated with integrating transcriptomic signatures derived using high-throughput technologies (such as RNA-sequencing) into clinical diagnostic tools using nucleic acid amplification (NAA) techniques. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in our aim to embed constraints related to cross-platform implementation in the process of signature discovery. These constraints could include technical limitations of amplification platform and chemistry, the maximal number of targets imposed by the chosen multiplexing strategy, and the genomic context of identified RNA biomarkers. Finally, we propose to build a computational framework that would integrate these constraints in combination with existing statistical and machine learning models used for signature identification. We envision that this could accelerate the integration of RNA signatures discovered by high-throughput technologies into NAA-based approaches suitable for clinical applications.
Published: 2024
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48. Lack of association between classical HLA genes and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author: Astrid Marchal, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Iva Neveux, Evangelos Bellos, Ryan S. Thwaites, Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett, Yu Zhang, Ivana Nemes-Bokun, Mariya Kalinova, Andrew Catchpole, Stuart G. Tangye, András N. Spaan, Justin B. Lack, Jade Ghosn, Charles Burdet, Guy Gorochov, Florence Tubach, Pierre Hausfater, Clifton L. Dalgard, Shen-Ying Zhang, Qian Zhang, Christopher Chiu, Jacques Fellay, Joseph J. Grzymski, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Aurélie Cobat, Alexandre Bolze, Alessandro Aiuti, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Fahd Al-Mulla, Ali Amara, Mark S. Anderson, Evangelos Andreakos, Andrés A. Arias, Lisa M. Arkin, Hagit Baris Feldman, Paul Bastard, Alexandre Belot, Catherine M. Biggs, Dusan Bogunovic, Anastasiia Bondarenko, Alessandro Borghesi, Ahmed A. Bousfiha, Petter Brodin, Yenan Bryceson, Manish J. Butte, Giorgio Casari, John Christodoulou, Roger Colobran, Antonio Condino-Neto, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Megan A. Cooper, Murkesh Desai, Beth A. Drolet, Xavier Duval, Jamila El Baghdadi, Philippine Eloy, Sara Espinosa-Padilla, Carlos Flores, José Luis Franco, Antoine Froidure, Peter K. Gregersen, Bodo Grimbacher, Filomeen Haerynck, David Hagin, Rabih Halwani, Lennart Hammarström, James R. Heath, Elena W.Y. Hsieh, Eystein Husebye, Kohsuke Imai, Yuval Itan, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Elżbieta Kaja, Timokratis Karamitros, Kai Kisand, Cheng-Lung Ku, Yu-Lung Lau, Yun Ling, Carrie L. Lucas, Tom Maniatis, Davood Mansouri, László Maródi, France Mentré, Isabelle Meyts, Joshua D. Milner, Kristina Mironska, Trine H. Mogensen, Tomohiro Morio, Lisa F.P. Ng, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Antonio Novelli, Giuseppe Novelli, Cliona O'Farrelly, Satoshi Okada, Keisuke Okamoto, Tayfun Ozcelik, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Jean W. Pape, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Jordi Perez-Tur, David S. Perlin, Graziano Pesole, Anna M. Planas, Carolina Prando, Aurora Pujol, Anne Puel, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Sathishkumar Ramaswamy, Laurent Renia, Igor Resnick, Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego, Anna Sediva, Mikko R.J. Seppänen, Mohammad Shahrooei, Anna Shcherbina, Ondrej Slaby, Andrew L. Snow, Pere Soler-Palacín, Vassili Soumelis, Ivan Tancevski, Ahmad Abou Tayoun, Şehime Gülsün Temel, Christian Thorball, Pierre Tiberghien, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Stuart E. Turvey, K. M. Furkan Uddin, Mohammed J. Uddin, Diederik van de Beek, Donald C. Vinh, Horst von Bernuth, Joost Wauters, Mayana Zatz, Pawel Zawadzki, Serge Bureau, Yannick Vacher, Anne Gysembergh-Houal, Lauren Demerville, Abla Benleulmi-Chaachoua, Sebastien Abad, Radhiya Abassi, Abdelrafie Abdellaoui, Abdelkrim Abdelmalek, Hendy Abdoul, Helene Abergel, Fariza Abeud, Sophie Abgrall, Noemie Abisror, Marylise Adechian, Nordine Aderdour, Hakeem Farid Admane, Frederic Adnet, Sara Afritt, Helene Agostini, Claire Aguilar, Sophie Agut, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Marc Ait Kaci, Hafid Ait Oufella, Gokula Ajeenthiravasan, Virginie Alauzy, Fanny Alby-Laurent, Lucie Allard, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Blanca Amador Borrero, Sabrina Amam, Lucile Amrouche, Marc Andronikof, Dany Anglicheau, Nadia Anguel, Djillali Annane, Mohammed Aounzou, Caroline Aparicio, Gladys Aratus, Jean-Benoit Arlet, Jeremy Arzoine, Elisabeth Aslangul, Mona Assefi, Adeline Aubry, Laetitia Audiffred, Etienne Audureau, Christelle Nathalie Auger, Jean-Charles Auregan, Celine Awotar, Sonia Ayllon Milla, Delphine Azan, Laurene Azemar, Billal Azzouguen, Marwa Bachir Elrufaai, Aïda Badsi, Prissile Bakouboula, Coline Balcerowiak, Fanta Balde, Elodie Baldivia, Eliane-Flore Bangamingo, Amandine Baptiste, Fanny Baran-Marszak, Caroline Barau, Nathalie Barget, Flore Baronnet, Romain Barthelemy, Jean-Luc Baudel, Camille Baudry, Elodie Baudry, Laurent Beaugerie, Adel Belamri, Nicolas Belaube, Rhida Belilita, Pierre Bellassen, Rawan Belmokhtar, Isabel Beltran, Ruben Benainous, Mourad Benallaoua, Robert Benamouzig, Amélie Benbara, Jaouad Benhida, Anis Benkhelouf, Jihene Benlagha, Chahinez Benmostafa, Skander Benothmane, Miassa Bentifraouine, Laurence Berard, Quentin Bernier, Enora Berti, Astrid Bertier, Laure Berton, Simon Bessis, Alexandra Beurton, Celine Bianco, Clara Bianquis, Frank Bidar, Philippe Blanche, Clarisse Blayau, Alexandre Bleibtreu, Emmanuelle Blin, Coralie Bloch-Queyrat, Marie-Christophe Boissier, Diane Bollens, Marion Bolzoni, Rudy pierre Bompard, Nicolas Bonnet, Justine Bonnouvrier, Shirmonecrystal Botha, Wissam Boucenna, Fatiha Bouchama, Olivier Bouchaud, Hanane Bouchghoul, Taoueslylia Boudjebla, Noel Boudjema, Catherine Bouffard, Adrien Bougle, Meriem Bouguerra, Leila Bouras, Agnes Bourcier, Anne Bourgarit Durand, Anne Bourrier, Fabrice Bouscarat, Diane Bouvry, Nesrine Bouziri, Ons Bouzrara, Sarah Bribier, Delphine Brugier, Melanie Brunel, Eida Bui, Anne Buisson, Iryna Bukreyeva, Côme Bureau, Jacques Cadranel, Johann Cailhol, Ruxandra Calin, Clara Campos Vega, Pauline Canavaggio, Marta Cancella, Delphine Cantin, Albert Cao, Lionel Carbillon, Nicolas Carlier, Clementine Cassard, Guylaine Castor, Marion Cauchy, Olivier Cha, Benjamin Chaigne, Salima Challal, Karine Champion, Patrick Chariot, Julie Chas, Simon Chauveau, Anthony Chauvin, Clement Chauvin, Nathalie Chavarot, Kamélia Chebbout, Mustapha Cherai, Ilaria Cherubini, Amelie Chevalier, Thibault Chiarabini, Thierry Chinet, Richard Chocron, Pascaline Choinier, Juliette Chommeloux, Christophe Choquet, Laure Choupeaux, Benjamin Chousterman, Dragosmarius Ciocan, Ada Clarke, Gaëlle Clavere, Florian Clavier, Karine Clement, Sebastien Clerc, Yves Cohen, Fleur Cohen, Adrien Cohen, Audrey Coilly, Hester Colboc, Pauline Colin, Magalie Collet, Chloé Comarmond, Emeline Combacon, Alain Combes, Celine Comparon, Jean-Michel Constantin, Hugues Cordel, Anne-Gael Cordier, Adrien Costantini, Nathalie Costedoat Chalumeau, Camille Couffignal, Doriane Coupeau, Alain Creange, Yannie Cuvillier Lamarre, Charlène Da Silveira, Sandrine Dautheville Guibal El Kayani, Nathalie De Castro, Yann De Rycke, Lucie Del Pozo, Quentin Delannoy, Mathieu Delay, Robin Deleris, Juliette Delforge, Laëtitia Delphine, Noemie Demare, Sophie Demeret, Alexandre Demoule, Aurore Deniau, François Depret, Sophie Derolez, Ouda Derradji, Nawal Derridj, Vincent Descamps, Lydia Deschamps, Celine Desconclois, Cyrielle Desnos, Karine Desongins, Robin Dhote, Benjamin Diallo, Morgane Didier, Myriam Diemer, Stephane Diez, Juliette Djadi-Prat, Fatima-Zohra Djamouri Monnory, Siham Djebara, Naoual Djebra, Minette Djietcheu, Hadjer Djillali, Nouara Djouadi, Severine Donneger, Catarina Dos Santos, Nathalie Dournon, Martin Dres, Laura Droctove, Marie Drogrey, Margot Dropy, Elodie Drouet, Valérie Dubosq, Evelyne Dubreucq, Estelle Dubus, Boris Duchemann, Thibault Duchenoy, Emmanuel Dudoignon, Romain Dufau, Florence Dumas, Clara Duran, Emmanuelle Duron, Antoine Durrbach, Claudine Duvivier, Nathan Ebstein, Jihane El Khalifa, Alexandre Elabbadi, Caroline Elie, Gabriel Ernotte, Anne Esling, Martin Etienne, Xavier Eyer, Muriel Sarah Fartoukh, Takoua Fayali, Marion Fermaut, Arianna Fiorentino, Souha Fliss, Marie-Céline Fournier, Benjamin Fournier, Hélène Francois, Olivia Freynet, Yvann Frigout, Isaure Fromont, Axelle Fuentes, Thomas Furet, Joris Galand, Marc Garnier, Agnes Gaubert, Stéphane Gaudry, Samuel Gaugain, Damien Gauthier, Maxime Gautier, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Daniela Geromin, Mohamed Ghalayini, Bijan Ghaleh, Myriam Ghezal, Aude Gibelin, Linda Gimeno, Benoit Girard, Bénédicte Giroux Leprieur, Doryan Gomes, Elisabete Gomes-Pires, Anne Gouge, Amel Gouja, Helene Goulet, Sylvain Goupil, Jeanne Goupil De Bouille, Julien Gras, Segolene Greffe, Lamiae Grimaldi, Paul Guedeney, Bertrand Guidet, Matthias Guillo, Mariechristelle Gulczynski, Tassadit Hadjam, Didier Haguenauer, Soumeya Hammal, Nadjib Hammoudi, Olivier Hanon, Anarole Harrois, Coraline Hautem, Guillaume Hekimian, Nicholas Heming, Olivier Hermine, Sylvie Ho, Marie Houllier, Benjamin Huot, Tessa Huscenot, Wafa Ibn Saied, Ghilas Ikherbane, Meriem Imarazene, Patrick Ingiliz, Lina Iratni, Stephane Jaureguiberry, Jean-Francois Jean-Marc, Deleena Jeyarajasingham, Pauline Jouany, Veronique Jouis, Clement Jourdaine, Ouifiya Kafif, Rim Kallala, Sandrine Katsahian, Lilit Kelesyan, Vixra Keo, Flora Ketz, Warda Khamis, Enfel Khelili, Mehdi Khellaf, Christy Gaëlla Kotokpo Youkou, Ilias Kounis, Gaelle Kpalma, Jessica Krause, Vincent Labbe, Karine Lacombe, Jean-Marc Lacorte, Anne Gaelle Lafont, Emmanuel Lafont, Lynda Lagha, Lionel Lamhaut, Aymeric Lancelot, Cecilia Landman, Fanny Lanternier, Cecile Larcheveque, Caroline Lascoux Combe, Ludovic Lassel, Benjamin Laverdant, Christophe Lavergne, Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand, Pompilia Lazureanu, Loïc Le Guennec, Lamia Leberre, Claire Leblanc, Marion Leboyer, Francois Lecomte, Marine Lecorre, Romain Leenhardt, Marylou Lefebvre, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Paul Legendre, Anne Leger, Laurence Legros, Justyna Legrosse, Sébastien Lehuunghia, Julien Lemarec, Jeremie Leporrier-Ext, Manon Lesein, Hubert Lesur, Vincent Levy, Albert Levy, Edwige Lopes, Amanda Lopes, Vanessa Lopez, Julien Lopinto, Olivier Lortholary, Badr Louadah, Bénédicte Loze, Marie-Laure Lucas, Axelle Lucasamichi, Liem Binh Luong, Arouna Magazimama-Ext, David Maingret, Lakhdar Mameri, Philippe Manivet, Cylia Mansouri, Estelle Marcault, Jonathan Marey, Nathalie Marin, Clémence Marois, Olivier Martin, Lou Martineau, Cannelle Martinez-Lopez, Pierre Martyniuck, Pauline Mary De Farcy, Nessrine Marzouk, Rafik Masmoudi, Alexandre Mebazaa, Frédéric Mechai, Fabio Mecozzi, Chamseddine Mediouni, Bruno Megarbane, Mohamed Meghadecha, Élodie Mejean, Arsene Mekinian, Nour Mekki Abdelhadi, Rania Mekni, Thinhinan Sabrina Meliti, Breno Melo Lima, Paris Meng, Soraya Merbah, Fadhila Messani, Yasmine Messaoudi, Baboo-Irwinsingh Mewasing, Lydia Meziane, Carole Michelot-Burger, Françoise Mignot, Fadi Hillary Minka, Makoto Miyara, Pierre Moine, Jean-Michel Molina, Anaïs Montegnies-Boulet, Alexandra Monti, Claire Montlahuc, Anne-Lise Montout, Alexandre Moores, Caroline Morbieu, Helene Mortelette, Stéphane Mouly, Rosita Muzaffar, Cherifa Iness Nacerddine, Marine Nadal, Hajer Nadif, Kladoum Nassarmadji, Pierre Natella, Sandrine Ndingamondze, Stefan Neraal, Caroline Nguyen, Bao N'Guyen, Isabelle Nion Larmurier, Luc Nlomenyengue, Nicolas Noel, Hilario Nunes, Edris Omar, Zineb Ouazene, Elise Ouedraogo, Wassila Ouelaa, Anissa Oukhedouma, Yasmina Ould Amara, Herve Oya, Johanna Oziel, Thomas Padilla, Elena Paillaud, Solenne Paiva, Beatrice Parfait, Perrine Parize, Christophe Parizot, Antoine Parrot, Arthur Pavot, Laetitia Peaudecerf, Frédéric Pene, Marion Pepin, Julie Pernet, Claire Pernin, Mylène Petit, Olivier Peyrony, Marie-Pierre Pietri, Olivia Pietri, Marc Pineton De Chambrun, Michelle Pinson, Claire Pintado, Valentine Piquard, Christine Pires, Benjamin Planquette, Sandrine Poirier, Anne-Laure Pomel, Stéphanie Pons, Diane Ponscarme, Annegaelle Pourcelot, Valérie Pourcher, Anne Pouvaret, Florian Prever, Miresta Previlon, Margot Prevost, Marie-Julie Provoost, Cyril Quemeneur, Cédric Rafat, Agathe Rami, Brigitte Ranque, Maurice Raphael, Jean Herle Raphalen, Anna Rastoin, Mathieu Raux, Amani Rebai, Michael Reby, Alexis Regent, Asma Regrag, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Quentin Ressaire, Christian Richard, Mariecaroline Richard, Maxence Robert, Benjamin Rohaut, Camille Rolland-Debord, Jacques Ropers, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Charlotte Rosso, Mélanie Rousseaux, Nabila Rousseaux, Swasti Roux, Lorène Roux, Claire Rouzaud, Antoine Rozes, Emma Rubenstein, Jean-Marc Sabate, Sheila Sabet, Sophie-Caroline Sacleux, Nathalie Saidenberg Kermanach, Faouzi Saliba, Dominique Salmon, Laurent Savale, Guillaume Savary, Rebecca Sberro, Anne Scemla, Frederic Schlemmer, Mathieu Schwartz, Saïd Sedfi, Samia Sefir-Kribel, Philippe Seksik, Pierre Sellier, Agathe Selves, Nicole Sembach, Luca Semerano, Marie-Victoire Senat, Damien Sene, Alexandra Serris, Lucile Sese, Naima Sghiouar, Johanna Sigaux, Martin Siguier, Johanne Silvain, Noémie Simon, Tabassome Simon, Lina Innes Skandri, Miassa Slimani, Aurélie Snauwaert, Harry Sokol, Heithem Soliman, Nisrine Soltani, Benjamin Soyer, Gabriel Steg, Lydia Suarez, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Kossi Taffame, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Claire Tantet, Mariagrazia Tateo, Igor Theodose, Pierre clement Thiebaud, Caroline Thomas, Kelly Tiercelet, Julie Tisserand, Carole Tomczak, Krystel Torelino, Fatima Touam-Ext, Lilia Toumi, Gustave Toury, Mireille Toy-Miou, Olivia Tran Dinh Thanh Lien, Alexy Trandinh, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Baptiste Trinque, Jennifer Truchot, Sarah Tubiana, Simone Tunesi, Matthieu Turpin, Agathe Turpin, Tomas Urbina, Rafael Usubillaga Narvaez, Yurdagul Uzunhan, Prabakar Vaittinadaayar, Arnaud Valent, Maelle Valentian, Nadia Valin, Hélène Vallet, Marina Vaz, Miguel-Alejandro Vazquezibarra, Benoit Vedie, Laetitia Velly, Celine Verstuyft, Cedric Viallette, Eric Vicaut, Dorothee Vignes, Damien Vimpere, Myriam Virlouvet, Guillaume Voiriot, Lena Voisot, Emmanuel Weiss, Nicolas Weiss, Anaïs Winchenne, Youri Yordanov, Lara Zafrani, Mohamad Zaidan, Wissem Zaidi, Cathia Zak, Aida Zarhrate-Ghoul, Ouassila Zatout, Suzanne Zeino, Michel Zeitouni, Naïma Zemirli, Lorene Zerah, Ounsa Zia, Marianne Ziol, Oceane Zolario, Julien Zuber, Claire Andrejak, François Angoulvant, Delphine Bachelet, Marie Bartoli, Romain Basmaci, Sylvie Behillil, Marine Beluze, Dehbia Benkerrou, Krishna Bhavsar, Lila Bouadma, Sabelline Bouchez, Maude Bouscambert, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chirouze, Alexandra Coelho, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Eric d’Ortenzio, Marie-Pierre Debray, Laurene Deconinck, Dominique Deplanque, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallée, Alpha Diallo, Alphonsine Diouf, Céline Dorival, François Dubos, Brigitte Elharrar, Vincent Enouf, Hélène Esperou, Marina Esposito-Farese, Manuel Etienne, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Nathalie Gault, Alexandre Gaymard, Tristan Gigante, Morgane Gilg, Jérémie Guedj, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Ikram Houas, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Salma Jaafoura, Florentia Kaguelidou, Sabrina Kali, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Minh Le, Quentin Le Hingrat, Soizic Le Mestre, Hervé Le Nagard, François-Xavier Lescure, Sophie Letrou, Yves Levy, Bruno Lina, Guillaume Lingas, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Denis Malvy, Marina Mambert, Amina Meziane, Hugo Mouquet, Jimmy Mullaert, Nadège Neant, Duc Nguyen, Marion Noret, Saad Nseir, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Christelle Paul, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Thomas Perpoint, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Gilles Peytavin, Huong Pham, Olivier Picone, Oriane Puéchal, Christian Rabaud, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Carine Roy, Marion Schneider, Richa Su, Coralie Tardivon, Marie-Capucine Tellier, François Téoulé, Olivier Terrier, Jean-François Timsit, Christelle Tual, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Noémie Vanel, Aurélie Veislinger, Benoit Visseaux, Aurélie Wiedemann, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Loubna Alavoine, Charlotte Charpentier, Aline Dechanet, Jean-Luc Ecobichon, Wahiba Frezouls, Nadhira Houhou, Jonathan Lehacaut, Pauline Manchon, Mariama Nouroudine, Caroline Quintin, Michael Thy, Sylvie van der Werf, Valérie Vignali, Abir Chahine, Nawal Waucquier, Maria-Claire Migaud, Félix Djossou, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Aude Lucarelli, Magalie Demar, Léa Bruneau, Patrick Gérardin, Adrien Maillot, Christine Payet, Bruno Laviolle, Fabrice Laine, Christophe Paris, Mireille Desille-Dugast, Julie Fouchard, Thierry Pistone, Pauline Perreau, Valérie Gissot, Carole L.E. Goas, Samatha Montagne, Lucie Richard, Kévin Bouiller, Maxime Desmarets, Alexandre Meunier, Marilou Bourgeon, Benjamin Lefévre, Hélène Jeulin, Karine Legrand, Sandra Lomazzi, Bernard Tardy, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Frédérique Bertholon, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Christelle Kouakam, Leturque Nicolas, Layidé Roufai, Karine Amat, Hélène Espérou, Samia Hendou, Giuseppe Foti, Giuseppe Citerio, Ernesto Contro, Alberto Pesci, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Marina Cazzaniga, Giacomo Bellani, Jorge Abad, Giulia Accordino, Micol Angelini, Sergio Aguilera-Albesa, Aina Aguiló-Cucurull, Esra Akyüz Özkan, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Jonathan Antonio Roblero Albisures, Juan C. Aldave, Miquel Alfonso Ramos, Taj Ali Khan, Anna Aliberti, Seyed Alireza Nadji, Gulsum Alkan, Suzan A. AlKhater, Jerome Allardet-Servent, Luis M. Allende, Rebeca Alonso-Arias, Mohammed S. Alshahrani, Laia Alsina, Zahir Amoura, Arnau Antolí, Romain Arrestier, Mélodie Aubart, Teresa Auguet, Iryna Avramenko, Gökhan Aytekin, Axelle Azot, Seiamak Bahram, Fanny Bajolle, Fausto Baldanti, Aurélie Baldolli, Maite Ballester, Benoit Barrou, Federica Barzaghi, Sabrina Basso, Gulsum Iclal Bayhan, Liliana Bezrodnik, Agurtzane Bilbao, Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Ignacio Blanco, Adeline Blandinières, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero, Marketa Bloomfield, Mireia Bolivar-Prados, Raphael Borie, Elisabeth Botdhlo-Nevers, Aurore Bousquet, David Boutolleau, Claire Bouvattier, Oksana Boyarchuk, Juliette Bravais, M. Luisa Briones, Marie-Eve Brunner, Raffaele Bruno, Maria Rita P. Bueno, Huda Bukhari, Jacinta Bustamante, Juan José Cáceres Agra, Ruggero Capra, Raphael Carapito, Maria Carrabba, Carlos Casasnovas, Marion Caseris, Irene Cassaniti, Martin Castelle, Francesco Castelli, Martín Castillo de Vera, Mateus V. Castro, Emilie Catherinot, Jale Bengi Celik, Alessandro Ceschi, Martin Chalumeau, Bruno Charbit, Cécile Boulanger, Père Clavé, Bonaventura Clotet, Anna Codina, Cloé Comarmond, Patrizia Comoli, Angelo G. Corsico, Taner Coşkuner, Aleksandar Cvetkovski, Cyril Cyrus, David Dalmau, François Danion, David Ross Darley, Vincent Das, Nicolas Dauby, Stéphane Dauger, Paul De Munte, Loic de Pontual, Amin Dehban, Geoffroy Delplancq, Isabelle Desguerre, Antonio Di Sabatino, Jean-Luc Diehl, Stephanie Dobbelaere, Elena Domínguez-Garrido, Clément Dubost, Olov Ekwall, Şefika Elmas Bozdemir, Marwa H. Elnagdy, Melike Emiroglu, Akifumi Endo, Emine Hafize Erdeniz, Selma Erol Aytekin, Maria Pilar Etxart Lasa, Romain Euvrard, Giovanna Fabio, Laurence Faivre, Antonin Falck, Muriel Fartoukh, Morgane Faure, Miguel Fernandez Arquero, Ricard Ferrer, Jose Ferreres, Bruno Francois, Victoria Fumadó, Kitty S.C. Fung, Francesca Fusco, Alenka Gagro, Blanca Garcia Solis, Pierre Garçon, Pascale Gaussem, Zeynep Gayretli, Juana Gil-Herrera, Laurent Gilardin, Audrey Giraud Gatineau, Mònica Girona-Alarcón, Karen Alejandra Cifuentes Godínez, Jean-Christophe Goffard, Nacho Gonzales, Luis I. Gonzalez-Granado, Rafaela González-Montelongo, Antoine Guerder, Belgin Gülhan, Victor Daniel Gumucio, Leif Gunnar Hanitsch, Jan Gunst, Marta Gut, Jérôme Hadjadj, Selda Hancerli, Tetyana Hariyan, Nevin Hatipoglu, Deniz Heppekcan, Elisa Hernandez-Brito, Po-ki Ho, María Soledad Holanda-Peña, Juan P. Horcajada, Sami Hraiech, Linda Humbert, Ivan F.N. Hung, Alejandro D. Iglesias, Antonio Íñigo-Campos, Matthieu Jamme, María Jesús Arranz, Marie-Thérèse Jimeno, Iolanda Jordan, Saliha Kanık-Yüksek, Yalcin Kara, Aydın Karahan, Adem Karbuz, Kadriye Kart Yasar, Ozgur Kasapcopur, Kenichi Kashimada, Sevgi Keles, Yasemin Kendir Demirkol, Yasutoshi Kido, Can Kizil, Ahmet Osman Kılıç, Adam Klocperk, Antonia Koutsoukou, Zbigniew J. Król, Hatem Ksouri, Paul Kuentz, Arthur M.C. Kwan, Yat Wah M. Kwan, Janette S.Y. Kwok, Jean-Christophe Lagier, David S.Y. Lam, Vicky Lampropoulou, Fleur Le Bourgeois, Yee-Sin Leo, Rafael Leon Lopez, Daniel Leung, Michael Levin, Michael Levy, Romain Lévy, Zhi Li, Daniele Lilleri, Edson Jose Adrian Bolanos Lima, Agnes Linglart, Eduardo López-Collazo, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Céline Louapre, Catherine Lubetzki, Kwok-Cheung Lung, Charles-Edouard Luyt, David C. Lye, Cinthia Magnone, Enrico Marchioni, Carola Marioli, Majid Marjani, Laura Marques, Jesus Marquez Pereira, Andrea Martín-Nalda, David Martínez Pueyo, Javier Martinez-Picado, Iciar Marzana, Carmen Mata-Martínez, Alexis Mathian, Larissa R.B. Matos, Gail V. Matthews, Julien Mayaux, Raquel McLaughlin-Garcia, Philippe Meersseman, Jean-Louis Mège, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Isabelle Melki, Federica Meloni, Jean-François Meritet, Paolo Merlani, Özge Metin Akcan, Mehdi Mezidi, Isabelle Migeotte, Maude Millereux, Matthieu Million, Tristan Mirault, Clotilde Mircher, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Yoko Mizoguchi, Bhavi P. Modi, Francesco Mojoli, Elsa Moncomble, Abián Montesdeoca Melián, Antonio Morales Martinez, Francisco Morandeira, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Clémence Mordacq, Guillaume Morelle, Stéphane J. Mouly, Adrián Muñoz-Barrera, Cyril Nafati, Shintaro Nagashima, Yu Nakagama, Bénédicte Neven, João Farela Neves, Yuk-Yung Ng, Hubert Nielly, Yeray Novoa Medina, Esmeralda Nuñez Cuadros, Semsi Nur Karabela, J. Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals, Mehdi Oualha, Amani Ouedrani, Tayfun Özçelik, Aslinur Ozkaya-Parlakay, Michele Pagani, Maria Papadaki, Philippe Parola, Tiffany Pascreau, Stéphane Paul, Estela Paz-Artal, Sigifredo Pedraza, Nancy Carolina González Pellecer, Silvia Pellegrini, Rebeca Pérez de Diego, Xosé Luis Pérez-Fernández, Aurélien Philippe, Quentin Philippot, Adrien Picod, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Antonio Piralla, Laura Planas-Serra, Dominique Ploin, Julien Poissy, Géraldine Poncelet, Garyphallia Poulakou, Marie S. Pouletty, Persia Pourshahnazari, Jia Li Qiu-Chen, Paul Quentric, Thomas Rambaud, Didier Raoult, Violette Raoult, Anne-Sophie Rebillat, Claire Redin, Léa Resmini, Pilar Ricart, Jean-Christophe Richard, Raúl Rigo-Bonnin, Nadia Rivet, Jacques G. Rivière, Gemma Rocamora-Blanch, Mathieu P. 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Tavernier, Loreto Vidaur Tello, Benjamin Terrier, Guillaume Thiery, Karolina Thorn, Caroline Thumerelle, Imran Tipu, Martin Tolstrup, Gabriele Tomasoni, Julie Toubiana, Josep Trenado Alvarez, Vasiliki Triantafyllia, Jesús Troya, Owen T.Y. Tsang, Liina Tserel, Eugene Y.K. Tso, Alessandra Tucci, Şadiye Kübra Tüter Öz, Matilde Valeria Ursini, Takanori Utsumi, Pierre Vabres, Juan Valencia-Ramos, Ana Maria Van Den Rym, Isabelle Vandernoot, Valentina Velez-Santamaria, Silvia Patricia Zuniga Veliz, Mateus C. Vidigal, Sébastien Viel, Cédric Villain, Marie E. Vilaire-Meunier, Judit Villar-García, Audrey Vincent, Dimitri Van der Linden, Alla Volokha, Fanny Vuotto, Els Wauters, Alan K.L. Wu, Tak-Chiu Wu, Aysun Yahşi, Osman Yesilbas, Mehmet Yildiz, Barnaby E. Young, Ufuk Yükselmiş, Marco Zecca, Valentina Zuccaro, Jens Van Praet, Bart N. Lambrecht, Eva Van Braeckel, Cédric Bosteels, Levi Hoste, Eric Hoste, Fré Bauters, Jozefien De Clercq, Catherine Heijmans, Hans Slabbynck, Leslie Naesens, Benoit Florkin, Mary-Anne Young, Amanda Willis, Paloma Lapuente-Suanzes, Ana de Andrés-Martín, Matilda Berkell, Valerio Carelli, Alessia Fiorentino, Surbhi Malhotra, Alessandro Mattiaccio, Tommaso Pippucci, Marco Seri, Evelina Tacconelli, Michiel van Agtmael, Anne Geke Algera, Brent Appelman, Frank van Baarle, Diane Bax, Martijn Beudel, Harm Jan Bogaard, Marije Bomers, Peter Bonta, Lieuwe Bos, Michela Botta, Justin de Brabander, Godelieve de Bree, Sanne de Bruin, David T.P. Buis, Marianna Bugiani, Esther Bulle, Osoul Chouchane, Alex Cloherty, Mirjam Dijkstra, Dave A. Dongelmans, Romein W.G. Dujardin, Paul Elbers, Lucas Fleuren, Suzanne Geerlings, Theo Geijtenbeek, Armand Girbes, Bram Goorhuis, Martin P. Grobusch, Florianne Hafkamp, Laura Hagens, Jorg Hamann, Vanessa Harris, Robert Hemke, Sabine M. Hermans, Leo Heunks, Markus Hollmann, Janneke Horn, Joppe W. Hovius, Menno D. de Jong, Rutger Koning, Endry H.T. Lim, Niels van Mourik, Jeaninne Nellen, Esther J. Nossent, Frederique Paulus, Edgar Peters, Dan A.I. Pina-Fuentes, Tom van der Poll, Bennedikt Preckel, Jan M. Prins, Jorinde Raasveld, Tom Reijnders, Maurits C.F. J. de Rotte, Michiel Schinkel, Marcus J. Schultz, Femke A.P. Schrauwen, Alex Schuurmans, Jaap Schuurmans, Kim Sigaloff, Marleen A. Slim, Patrick Smeele, Marry Smit, Cornelis S. Stijnis, Willemke Stilma, Charlotte Teunissen, Patrick Thoral, Anissa M. Tsonas, Pieter R. Tuinman, Marc van der Valk, Denise P. Veelo, Carolien Volleman, Heder de Vries, Lonneke A. Vught, Michèle van Vugt, Dorien Wouters, A.H. Zwinderman, Matthijs C. Brouwer, W. Joost Wiersinga, Alexander P.J. Vlaar, Miranda F. Tompkins, Camille Alba, Daniel N. Hupalo, John Rosenberger, Gauthaman Sukumar, Matthew D. Wilkerson, Xijun Zhang, Justin Lack, Andrew J. Oler, Kerry Dobbs, Ottavia M. Delmonte, Jeffrey J. Danielson, Andrea Biondi, Laura Rachele Bettini, Mariella D’Angiò, Ilaria Beretta, Luisa Imberti, Alessandra Sottini, Virginia Quaresima, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Camillo Rossi, Riccardo Castagnoli, Daniela Montagna, Amelia Licari, and Gian Luigi Marseglia
Subjects: HLA, association, asymptomatic infection, COVID-19, population stratification, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Summary: Human genetic studies of critical COVID-19 pneumonia have revealed the essential role of type I interferon-dependent innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, an association between the HLA-B∗15:01 allele and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals was recently reported, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing T cell-dependent adaptive immunity. We report a lack of association of classical HLA alleles, including HLA-B∗15:01, with pre-omicron asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated participants in a prospective population-based study in the United States (191 asymptomatic vs. 945 symptomatic COVID-19 cases). Moreover, we found no such association in the international COVID Human Genetic Effort cohort (206 asymptomatic vs. 574 mild or moderate COVID-19 cases and 1,625 severe or critical COVID-19 cases). Finally, in the Human Challenge Characterisation study, the three HLA-B∗15:01 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed symptoms. As with other acute primary infections studied, no classical HLA alleles favoring an asymptomatic course of SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified.
Published: 2024
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49. Installation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument at the Mayall 4-meter telescope

Author: Michael Schubnell, John B. Donaldson, Gregory Tarle, Pat Jelinsky, Michael Hawes, David J. Brooks, Francisco Prada, Daniel Pappalardo, Bob Stupak, Michael Levi, Derek Guenther, Parker Fagrelius, Armin Karcher, G. Gutierrez, Ashley J. Ross, C. Baltay, Patrick Dunlop, K. Honscheid, David Sprayberry, Enrique Gaztanaga, William V. Shourt, Robert Besuner, Kai Zhang, Yutong Duan, Ray M. Sharples, Christophe Magneville, Andrew Peter Doel, Matt Evatt, Lori Allen, Joseph H. Silber, P. H. Carton, Paul Martini, Jerry Edelstein, Robert Marshall, Claire Poppett, Richard R. Joyce, Martin Landriau, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Optical fiber, multi-object spectrograph, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Baryon, Mayall, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Primary mirror, DESI, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Serrurier truss, Physics, Instrument control, BAO, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Hour angle, laser tracker, Cardinal point, Laser tracker, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will measure the expansion history of the Universe using the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation technique. The spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars over 14000 square degrees will be measured during the life of the experiment. We describe the installation of the major elements of the instrument at the Mayall 4m telescope, completed in late 2019. The previous prime focus corrector, spider vanes, and upper rings were removed from the Mayall’s Serrurier truss and replaced with the newlyconstructed DESI ring, vanes, cage, hexapod, and optical corrector. The new corrector was optically aligned with the primary mirror using a laser tracker system. The DESI focal plane system was integrated to the corrector, with each of its ten 500-fiber-positioner petal segments installed using custom installation hardware and the laser tracker. Ten DESI spectrographs with 30 cryostats were installed in a newly assembled clean room in the Large Coude Room. The ten cables carrying 5000 optical fibers from the positioners in the focal plane were routed down the telescope through cable wraps at the declination and hour angle axes, and their integral slitheads were integrated with the ten spectrographs. The fiber view camera assembly was installed to the Mayall’s primary mirror cell. Servers for the instrument control system replaced existing computer equipment. The fully integrated instrument has been commissioned and is ready to start its operations phase.
Published: 2021
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50. Total mercury in hair as biomarker for methylmercury exposure among women in central Sweden - a 23 year long temporal trend study

Author: Michael Levi, Irina Gyllenhammar, Sanna Lignell, Marika Berglund, Anders Glynn, and Maria Kippler
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, Food Contamination, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Cold vapor, Pregnancy, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Child, Methylmercury, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Exposure assessment, Sweden, Atomic fluorescence, business.industry, Fishes, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507), Mercury, General Medicine, Methylmercury Compounds, Fish consumption, Pollution, Mercury (element), Trend analysis, Seafood, chemistry, Total hg, Female, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) through fish is a global public health problem. Exposure monitoring is essential for health risk assessment, especially in pregnant women and children due to the documented neurotoxicity. Herein, we evaluate a time series of MeHg exposure via fish in primiparous Swedish women, covering a time period of 23 years (1996-2019). The 655 included mothers were part of the POPUP study (Persistent Organic Pollutants in Uppsala Primiparas) conducted by the Swedish Food Agency (SFA). MeHg exposure was assessed via measurements of total mercury (Hg) in hair using either cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, showing very good linear agreement (R-2 = 0.97). Maternal characteristics and fish consumption were obtained via questionnaires. The median concentration of total Hg in hair was 0.38 mg/kg (range 0.17 -1.5) in 1996 and 0.25 mg/kg (range 0.03-1.1) in 2019. On average the women consumed 11 8.2 meals of fish per month, and fish consumption was positively correlated with total Hg in hair (Spearman correlation: 0.39; p < 0.001). In multiple regression analyses, the geometric mean annual decrease of total Hg in hair was -2.5% (95% CI: -3.2, -1.8%). Total fish consumption increased up to 2011 (B: 0.32 times/month per year; 95% CI 0.17, 0.46) after which it started to decline (B: -0.66 times/month per year; 95% CI -0.92, -0.40). Moreover, both total Hg in hair and fish consumption was positively associated with maternal age and education, and inversely associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. In conclusion, the exposure to MeHg via fish appears to be slowly declining among Swedish pregnant women. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2021

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