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To evaluate the laboratory dentin occlusion efficacy and effects on dentin permeability of a new multi-benefit dentifrice in order to gain insight into the mechanism of action of a novel technology for dentin hypersensitivity relief based on a specially-designed silica and copolymer system.Acid-etched human dentin was evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with one of the following: (1) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, 0.243% sodium fluoride with specially designed silica (Test Dentifrice 1); (2) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and the same overall silica loading as Test Dentifrice 1 but without copolymer and the specially-designed silica (Placebo Dentifrice); (3) a commercially-available dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base with sodium hexametaphosphate and zinc lactate (Test Dentifrice 2); and (4) a commercially-available non-sensitive dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Negative Control Dentifrice). The composition of dentin treated with either Test Dentifrice 1 or Negative Control Dentifrice was analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). To highlight dentin occluding efficacy of the specially-designed silica, dentin was treated with Test Dentifrice 1 formulated with fluorescently-tagged specially-designed silica and resulting occlusion followed with CLSM. The dentin occluding abilities of Test Dentifrices 1 and 2 were compared with the Negative Control dentifrice using CLSM after a 4-day cycling model consisting of twice daily dentifrice treatment and four acid challenges. Effects of treatment with Test Dentifrices 1 or 2 on dentin permeability and subsequent resistance of occluding deposits to acid dissolution and dislodgement by pulpal pressure were assessed using hydraulic conductance.Dentin specimens treated with Test Dentifrices 1 and 2 were significantly occluded compared to Placebo Dentifrice and Negative Control Dentifrice when visualized with CLSM. The level of occlusion remaining after challenge with cola was highest for dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 1 in CLSM xz views. Test Dentifrice 1 produced dentin surface deposits and tubule plugs containing silicon in addition to calcium and phosphorus as indicated by ESCA and EDX. CLSM visualization of fluorescently-tagged material confirmed occlusion by the specially-designed silica which was localized at the dentin tubule openings. Imaging of dentin by CLSM after the 4-day cycling model revealed a significantly higher amount of occluded tubules for dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 1 compared to the Negative Control Dentifrice or Test Dentifrice 2. Etched dentin treated with the Test Dentifrice 1 was significantly less permeable compared to that treated with the Negative Control Dentifrice, exhibiting over 80% reduction in dentin permeability. The occlusion provided by the Test Dentifrice 1 was maintained and provided significantly better reduction in permeability after extended pulpal pressure and acid challenge compared to dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 2.

Colgate Simply White Toothpaste is a new advanced tooth whitening dentifrice that can be used every day. The synergy of abrasive stain removal with activated hydrogen peroxide delivers excellent performance in the removal of extrinsic and intrinsic tooth stain. Colgate Simply White Toothpaste provides other oral health benefits that have become the cost-of-entry into the toothpaste market: caries protection, tartar control, fresh breath, and a preferred flavor.

The oral care composition containing a) 0.01-5 wt.% of a non-cationic bactericidal component whose solubility by weight in water at 25 ° C under 1.% is located, b) from 0.005 to 4 wt.% of an antibacterial Verstarkungsaktivators (AVA) for increasing the provision of the bactericide for the oral areas, and for retention of the bactericide to these areas and c) an orally acceptable carrier, which releases the bactericidal component in an effective plaque inhibiting amount of the saliva, wherein is the oral care composition free of preventing tartar polyphosphate; AVA increases at least one radical, which can adhere the AVA with the bactericide to the oral surfaces or attach to these areas and therefore increases the provision of the bactericide, and at least one moiety which binds the bactericide to the AVA and thus the retention of the bactericide contains; the provision enhancing radical, an acid radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylic, phosphonic, phosphinic and sulfonic acid radicals and their salts ...

The nitrogen isotope exchange system for 15N-fractionation consisting of liquid mixtures of N2O3 and N2O4 and the vapor phase in equilibrium with the liquid (NO/N2O3 system) has been studied at temperatures between −9 and 20°C under various pressures below 4 atm. A countercurrent isotope exchange apparatus and an associated product refluxer system are described. At 15°C the effective separation factor, αeff, increases from 1.006 at 1 atm to 1.030 at 2.7 atm and levels off thereafter. The observed αeff values are in good agreement with recent spectroscopic data. The height equivalent of theoretical plate (HETP) correlates well with the linear flow rate of gas phase, showing a dominant diffusion-control of the overall exchange rate. At 15°C the HETP of the NO/N2O3 system under 3∼4 atm can be smaller by factors of 7 to 10 than that of the Nitrox (NO/HNO3 exchange) system having the same product rate, rendering the former system a possibility for significantly smaller plant volume.