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Patients born with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return have a high risk of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period, which only increases when combined with single ventricle physiology and non-cardiac congenital anomalies such as heterotaxy syndrome. Despite advances in management of congenital heart disease, surgery within the first weeks of life to repair the pulmonary venous connection and establish pulmonary blood flow with a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt has historically led to disappointing outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach with pediatric interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery is required to reduce morbidity and mortality in this extremely high-risk patient population. Extending the time between birth and cardiac surgery can lessen postoperative complications and mortality risk, especially in patients with abnormal thoracoabdominal relationships. Our team was able to successfully utilize transcatheter stent placement in a vertical vein and patent ductus arteriosus to delay and stage cardiac surgeries in an infant born with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return, unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect with pulmonary atresia and heterotaxy, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this diagnosis.

The Aboriginal stone arrangements of Australia’s northwest Pilbara region are cultural features of considerable interest to Australian scholars. Despite decades of investigation, the function and p...

Stable isotopic analysis of palaeontological and archaeological biogenic apatite carbonates from herbivorous mammalian species represents an important tool for worldwide palaeoecological research. Tooth enamel carbonates are more resistant to taphonomic processes than bone or dentine carbonates but are not invulnerable to diagenesis. As such, they require careful preanalytical processing that considers depositional environment and age. An established part of this process includes a weak acid treatment to remove soluble exogenous carbonates; however, published treatment times for isotopic studies of archaeological tooth enamel are variable and range from 15 min to over 8 hr. This study tests three different pretreatment protocols on modern and Pleistocene age archaeological kangaroo teeth (dating from contemporary to 46,000 bp) to assess the effect of acid treatment time on isotopic integrity. The results indicate that treatment time is a critical parameter for producing consistency across results and shorter pretreatments of 4 hr or less are preferable for removing diagenetic carbonates while minimising alteration of the biological signal.

Although congenital coronary artery anomalies are relatively rare, they are the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes. When encountered in the cardiac catherization laboratory, they are often challenging to selectively engage, requiring multiple catheters, plus increased contrast volume and radiation exposure. In the setting of acute coronary syndromes, it is not infrequent that percutaneous intervention is delayed because of the inability to engage an anomalous coronary artery. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of coronary artery anomalies, with particular attention to diagnostic and guide catheter selection for each type of anomaly and recommendations on how to recognize the vessel course angiographically.

Between 2013 and 2016, Scarp Archaeology developed and implemented an extensive excavation research program across the eastern Hamersley Plateau, an arid and mountainous physiographic region in the Pilbara biogeographical region of Western Australia. More than 100 rock shelters were excavated during the program, resulting in the documentation of 22 rock‐shelter sites with Pleistocene‐age Aboriginal archaeological deposits. This paper presents the radiometric determinations for these Pleistocene rock‐shelter sites, which collectively suggest that the eastern Plateau was occupied by 45000 years ago. The paper further develops a hypothesis that there was a substantial shift in the incidence and intensity of rock‐shelter occupation during the Last Glacial Maximum, c.30000–20000 years ago, where there was a substantial downturn in the use of most rock‐shelter sites, and in some instances rock shelters were abandoned. However, after the Last Glacial Maximum, we posit that a widespread reoccupation of the region soon occurred. Our research also offers an examination of artefact discard through time, illustrating changes in raw material discard and technology and the likely correlations with procurement and subsistence strategies.

An excavation and survey program at West Angelas, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, shows that the poorly watered interior area of the Hamersley Plateau was first occupied soon after the conclusion of the Last Glacial Maximum, and that significant use of this area probably only occurred during the mid to late Holocene. Although current archaeological research shows that Aboriginal groups have occupied areas of the Hamersley Plateau for more than 40,000 years, the permanent and prolonged use of the more marginal or ecologically suboptimal foraging environments of the interior plateau is a comparatively recent development in the region’s long archaeological record.

Satellite-derived surface elevation models are an important resource for landscape archaeological studies. Digital elevation data is useful for classifying land features, characterizing terrain morphology, and discriminating the geomorphic context of archaeological phenomena. This paper shows how remotely sensed elevation data obtained from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Advanced Land Observing Satellite was integrated with local land system spatial data to digitally classify the topographic slope position of seven broad land classes. The motivation of our research was to employ an objective method that would allow researchers to geomorphometrically discriminate the topographic context of Aboriginal stone arrangements, an important archaeological site type in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia. The resulting digital terrain model demonstrates that stone arrangement sites are strongly correlated with upper topographic land features, a finding that contradicts previous site recordings and fundamentally changes our understanding of where stone arrangement sites are likely to have been constructed. The outcome of this research provides investigators with a stronger foundation for testing hypotheses and developing archaeological models. To some degree, our results also hint at the possible functions of stone arrangements, which have largely remained enigmatic to researchers.

Wallis provides a timely and challenging account of the state of archaeology c.2020. She clearly charts that the discipline has changed a great deal over the last 50 years since the publication of ...

Post-depositional mixing processes are extremely common and often obscure a record of deposition in dune and sand sheet deposits. We show that the upper half metre of a dune in southeastern Australia is currently being turned over through bioturbation, but that single-grain OSL dating and contextual knowledge can be used to identify and model these modern mixing processes. In the sandy deposits investigated, mixing processes were observed to be acting to a predicable depth of ∼50–60 cm. This observation was used to develop a conceptual framework that can be applied to buried deposits and used to temporally constrain the evolution of the landform and quantify rates of mixing. When our mixing zone conceptual framework was combined with the MAM we show that phases of significant dune aggradation occurred at ∼29.9, ∼18.3, ∼10.3 ka, and continued through the Holocene. We also present an approach using single-grain OSL data to estimate downward mixing rates, which show a strong depth dependency and are coherent with previously reported mixing rates. Modern downward mixing rates indicate that the upper ∼50 cm (Zone 1) will be completely turned over on millennial time scales. While caution needs to be used when interpreting archaeological and OSL data from bioturbated sandy environments, our results demonstrate that contextual knowledge and single-grain OSL data can resolve mixing processes and contribute to an understanding of landscape evolution.

For over 30 years, the radiometric chronologies of Newman Rockshelter and Newman Orebody XXIX have been central to archaeological discussions on the Pleistocene Aboriginal occupation of the Hamersley Plateau and greater Pilbara region. Until 2009, these two sites were heralded as having the oldest evidence of human occupation on the plateau, dating to the last glacial maximum (LGM) ∼ 26–20 ka. More recently however, the excavations at several other rockshelters have shown that ancient Aboriginal peoples occupied the Hamersley Plateau many thousands of years before the onset of the last glacial cycle, when regional climatic conditions were wetter and more amenable. This paper presents the results of our re-excavation of both Newman Rockshelter and Newman Orebody XXIX. Our research has resulted in the compilation and analysis of large lithic datasets for each of these sites and the construction of geo-chronologies using modern radiometric techniques, including AMS-radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence dating. These new radiometric chronologies and artefact data indicate that both sites were occupied between 45 and 40 ka. Despite having significant early occupational evidence, neither of the rockshelters present strong evidence for sustained or persistent site use during the LGM proper ca. 23–19 ka; however, there is substantial evidence for more routine occupation of these localities during the terminal Pleistocene and Holocene.

The long term success of the concentrating solar power (CSP) industry depends on having accurate and reliable measurements and predictions of performance. Agreed-upon standards for performance characterization are still lacking. This contrasts with more mature technologies such as gas turbine combined cycle power plants, where performance and testing specifications are well established in spite of system complexities. Lack of standardization inevitably results in extra cost and risk to market participants and the spread of misinformation through hidden “apples-to-oranges” comparisons. To cite just one example, there are multiple distinct metrics for characterizing heliostat tracking accuracy, and the differences can easily go unnoticed. Here we propose rigorous and accurate statistical approaches to two key performance analysis problems for tower CSP. We highlight their advantages over previous approaches, and analyze detailed operational data. Further, we demonstrate why they are sufficiently straightforward and general enough for adoption as industry standards.

Cellular populations have been widely observed to respond heterogeneously to perturbation. However, interpreting the observed heterogeneity is an extremely challenging problem because of the complexity of possible cellular phenotypes, the large dimension of potential perturbations, and the lack of methods for separating meaningful biological information from noise. Here, we develop an image-based approach to characterize cellular phenotypes based on patterns of signaling marker colocalization. Heterogeneous cellular populations are characterized as mixtures of phenotypically distinct subpopulations, and responses to perturbations are summarized succinctly as probabilistic redistributions of these mixtures. We apply our method to characterize the heterogeneous responses of cancer cells to a panel of drugs. We find that cells treated with drugs of (dis-)similar mechanism exhibit (dis-)similar patterns of heterogeneity. Despite the observed phenotypic diversity of cells observed within our data, low-complexity models of heterogeneity were sufficient to distinguish most classes of drug mechanism. Our approach offers a computational framework for assessing the complexity of cellular heterogeneity, investigating the degree to which perturbations induce redistributions of a limited, but nontrivial, repertoire of underlying states and revealing functional significance contained within distinct patterns of heterogeneous responses.

Two recently excavated sites adjacent to the Gregory River at Riversleigh in northwestern Queensland have yielded backed artefacts from Pleistocene sediments. One backed artefact is from an 80 cm deep, dense shell midden near the Old Lilydale Homestead (OLH) and radiocarbon determinations on associated freshwater mussel Alathyria cf. pertexta returned Late Pleistocene ages. Two backed artefacts from the limestone rockshelter GRE8 were also recovered from Pleistocene levels. All three backed artefacts are similar to geometric microliths, which are commonly associated with Holocene archaeological deposits. These data complement arguments for early Holocene and Pleistocene backed artefacts in southeastern Australia.

(2002). The ‘plains of promise’ revisited: A reassessment of the frontier in North Western Queensland. Journal of Australian Studies: Vol. 26, Country, pp. 71-83.

The Integrated Planning Act (1997) became law in the State of Queensland on March the 30ᵗʰ 1997. With it came a new focus in Town Planning - the need to achieve ecological sustainability. This occurred, as the purpose of IPA, is for all development to aim to achieve ecological sustainability. This is stated in s.1.2.1 of IPA. Ecological sustainability is defined in s.1.3.3. It consists of three broad elements encompassing many different aspects of development. Ecological sustainability must be advanced through six factors identified in s.1.2.3. While the ecological sustainability definition found in the Act covers many differing aspects, some say it is too broad, and does not focus enough attention to ecological processes - it is a legal definition rather than an environmentalist’s point of view. While not specifically stated, it is implied that Planning Schemes are required to implement the Act’s purpose. In order to achieve this, five requirements have been devised. Planning Schemes must include these elements.Although there are requirements for Planning Schemes, an evaluation needs to be undertaken to analyse how these requirements will contribute to the achievement of ecological sustainability. This is important to assess whether IPA Planning Schemes need to be modified, or if they are acceptable in their current form. Thus the following Thesis will aim to address the above mentioned problems by: 1. Providing a detailed definition of ecological sustainability.2. Highlighting the requirements of an IPA Planning Scheme.3. Examining a draft IPA Planning Scheme.4. Assessing how the requirements can meet ecological sustainability.5. In light of these examinations, strengths and weaknesses of the current requirements can be determined.

This paper summarizes and updates the findings of the North American technology and industrial base organization (NATIBO) study entitled “Rechargeable Battery/Systems for Communication/Electronic Application”. The mission of the NATIBO organization is to promote a cost effective and healthy technology and industrial base that is responsive to the national and economical security needs of the United States and Canada.

A family of multiplicative operations in the BP Steenrod algebra is defined which is related to the total Steenrod power operation from the mod p Steenrod algebra. The main result of the paper links the BP versions of the total Steenrod power with the formal group approach to multiplicative BP operations by identifying the p-typical curves (power series) which correspond to these operations. Some relations are derived from this identification, and a short proof of the Hopf invariant one theorem is given as a sample computation.

We define a category, H p n \mathcal {H}_p^n (for each n n and p p ), of spaces with strong homotopy commutativity properties. These spaces have just enough structure to define the mod p \bmod p Dyer-Lashof operations for n n -fold loop spaces. The category H p n \mathcal {H}_p^n is very convenient for applications since its objects and morphisms are defined in a homotopy invariant way. We then define a functor, P p n P_p^n , from H p n \mathcal {H}_p^n to the homotopy category of spaces and show P p n P_p^n to be left adjoint to the n n -fold loop space functor. We then show how one can exploit this adjointness in cohomological calculations to yield new results about iterated loop spaces.

Letpbe any prime. It is well known that the modp Dyer-Lashof algebra acts trivially on the modphomology of an Eilenberg-MacLane space. The main result of this paper is a converse of this fact. Specifically, it is shown that any connected infinite loop space with trivial action of the modpDyer-Lashof algebra is (localized atp) homotopy equivalent to a product of Eilenberg-MacLane spaces. It is then shown that this equivalence does not necessarily respect the infinite loop structures involved.

Introduction: Since the 1980s, stent implantation has evolved as an important therapeutic strategy for coarctation of the aorta. However, available data is frequently flawed by short follow-up, lack of adequate follow-up imaging, and retrospective nature of data collection. Methods: Data was prospectively collected using a multicenter registry congenital cardiovascular interventional study consortium (CCISC). Between 2000 and 2009, 302 patients from 34 centers with a median weight of 58 kg underwent stent implantation for coarctation. Eligible patients (44%) completed intermediate follow-up (3–18 months) with integrated imaging (cath, CT, MRI), whereas 21% completed long-term follow-up (>18–60 months). Procedural success was defined as UL/LL systolic gradient of less than 20 mm Hg, lack of significant recurrent obstruction, and freedom from unplanned repeat intervention. Results: Acute procedural success was 96%. Cumulative intermediate success was 86%, and cumulative long-term success was 77%. Unplanned repeat interventions were required in 4%, and aortic wall complications were seen in 1% of patients (dissection n = 1 and aneurysm n = 3). Other adverse events (n = 15) occurred mainly acutely and included technical complications such as stent malposition (n = 9). At long-term follow-up, 23% of patients continued to have systolic blood pressure above the 95th centile, 9% had an upper-to-lower limb blood pressure gradient in excess of 20 mm Hg, and 32% were taking antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: This study documented acute, intermediate, and long-term outcome data comparable or superior with other surgical or interventional series. However, even with successful initial stent therapy, patients continue to require long-term follow-up and have associated long-term morbidity, relating to aortic wall complications, systemic hypertension, recurrent obstruction as well as need for repeat intervention. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

An obstruction theory is given which facilities the computation of Dyer-Lashof operations in the homology of iterated loop spaces. This theory investigates the behavior of these operations with respect to maps which are not endowed with enough structure to provide naturality. Examples are given which demonstrate how this technique can be used to compute Dyer-Lashof operations.

Here, we develop computational methods to assess and consolidate large, diverse protein interaction data sets, with the objective of identifying proteins involved in the coupling of multicomponent complexes within the yeast gene expression pathway. From among approximately 43 000 total interactions and 2100 proteins, our methods identify known structural complexes, such as the spliceosome and SAGA, and functional modules, such as the DEAD-box helicases, within the interaction network of proteins involved in gene expression. Our process identifies and ranks instances of three distinct, biologically motivated motifs, or patterns of coupling among distinct machineries involved in different subprocesses of gene expression. Our results confirm known coupling among transcription, RNA processing, and export, and predict further coupling with translation and nonsense-mediated decay. We systematically corroborate our analysis with two independent, comprehensive experimental data sets. The methods presented here may be generalized to other biological processes and organisms to generate principled, systems-level network models that provide experimentally testable hypotheses for coupling among biological machines.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective database study was to determine rates of screening for metabolic side effects by physician specialty in community hospital patients prescribed atypical antipsychotics. Method: A pharmacy database review identified patients who were prescribed atypical antipsychotics over a 6-month period from July 1, 2004, to December 31, 2004. This list of patients was then cross-referenced with the laboratory database to determine if screening laboratory tests for metabolic abnormalities had been ordered. Results: 13% of patients prescribed atypical antipsychotics had fasting blood glucose levels measured during the study period. 30% of patients prescribed atypical antipsychotics also had lipid panels measured during the study period. Screening rates varied by specialty of physician. Physicians trained in combined family practice and psychiatry had the highest rate of screening, followed by other nonpsychiatric specialties. Psychiatrists had the lowest rate of screening. Conclusions: The rate of screening for metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics in this community hospital setting was low.

Each item was scored from -2 (strongly disagree) to +2 (strongly agree) Data was analysed using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, t-tests for normally distributed data and Mann-Whitney U for non-normally distributed data. Results: Overall response rate was 33.8% (483/1429) with 311 from Australia (response rate 1⁄4 30.7%; 138 male, 160 female, 13 incomplete data) and 172 from New Zealand (response rate 1⁄4 41.2%; 92 male, 76 female, 4 incomplete data). New Zealand respondents were mainly UK trained (59.9%) to a diploma level qualification (30.2%) while the Australian respondents were mainly trained in Australian universities (67.3%) to a Master’s degree level (50.3%). The NZ respondents were older (NZ mean age: 41.9y 11.2; Aus mean age 35.4y 10.3; P

eSolar has been designing small heliostats since the company's founding in 2007. One of the cornerstones of our approach to heliostat design is to deploy many factory-built small heliostats in high density fields. The fields are replicated and thus aggregated into solar plants supporting steam and molten salt electric power, integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC), and process heat applications, such as enhanced oil recovery and desalination. The small heliostat approach has been used in several pilot projects and was previously evolved into a commercially available product presented in 2011 at SolarPACES. In this paper we discuss the ground up redesign of our small heliostat hardware, with a focus of leveraging the proven approach into a higher reliability, globally applicable, more industrial, simple to source and most importantly total installed cost reduced solar collector product. During the redesign we discovered methods to simplify the design and confirmed that small, factory-built, affordable heliostats provide a compelling concentrated solar thermal technology. We discuss details on system optimization, concept selection and prototype development, including some results from design validation testing. Finally, we discuss how this new solar collector system (SCS5) performs and meets economic requirements. eSolar's SCS5 product will be commercially released early in 2014, and is currently available to quote for CSP projects.

It is shown that an infinite loop space with no odd torsion in its integral homology also has no odd torsion in its homotopy. Combined with known results of Steve Wilson, this gives a complete classification; all such spaces are products of the Wilson spaces, which are the building blocks of the spaces in the omega spectrum for BP.

This paper describes the results and implications of recent excavations on the Hamersley Iron Brockman 4 tenement, near Tom Price, Western Australia. Results concentrate on two rock shelters with Aboriginal occupation starting at least 32,000 years ago and extending throughout the Last Glacial period. Preliminary observations are proposed concerning the nature of Aboriginal foraging patterns as displayed in the flaked stone and faunal records for the Brockman region.

Bunnengalla 1 is a sandstone rockshelter fronting onto a permanent waterhole on Musselbrook Creek located on the northern margin of Boodjamulla National Park in northwest Queensland. In July 2004 excavation of the rockshelter revealed a rich 1.5 m sequence of human occupation. A preliminary report of the radiocarbon ages and stratigraphic sequence is presented here. The site provides a record of Late Holocene occupation from at least 6000 years BP with a considerable increase in occupation debris from 1300 years BP that is coincident with the amelioration of the ENSO dominated climate and increased precipitation in northern Australia.