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Pitted impact deposits on Vesta show higher reflectance and pyroxene absorption band strengths compared to their immediate surroundings and other typical Vestan materials. We investigated whether heating to different temperatures for different durations of Vestan regolith analog materials can reproduce these spectral characteristics using mixtures of HEDs, the carbonaceous chondrite Murchison, and terrestrial analogs. We find no consistent spectral trend due merely to temperature increases, but observed that the interiors of many heated samples show both higher reflectance and pyroxene band I strength than their heated surfaces. With electron probe microanalysis, we additionally observe the formation of hematite, which could account for the higher reflectance. The presence of hematite indicates oxidation occurring in the sample interiors. In combination with heat, this might cause the increase of pyroxene band strengths through migration of iron cations. The effect grows larger with increasing temperature and duration, although temperature appears to play the more dominant role. A higher proportion of Murchison or the terrestrial carbonaceous chondrite analog within our mixtures also appears to facilitate the onset of oxidation. Our observations suggest that both the introduction of exogenic material on Vesta as well as the heating from impacts were necessary to enable the process (possibly oxidation) causing the observed spectral changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wstęp. Wprowadzenie mappingu limfatycznego i biopsji węzła wartowniczego (SLNB) z użyciem znaczników magnetycznych stwarza możliwość wykorzystania pola magnetycznego także do identyfikacji niepalpacyjnych raków piersi przed leczeniem oszczędzającym (BCT) jako alternatywy innych metod lokalizacyjnych (kotwiczka, ROLL, ROLLIS). Cel. Celem pracy była wstępna ocena skuteczności znacznika Magseed® jako techniki lokalizacyjnej. Materiał i metody. U 10 pacjentek przed BCT + SLNB (SPIO: Sienna+®) założono pod kontrolą USG w środek guza metalowy znacznik (1 x 5 mm) za pomocą prowadnicy igłowej 18G (Magseed® Magnetic Marker System). Pole magnetyczne węzła wartowniczego i zmiany piersi z założonym znacznikiem identyfikowano ręczną sondą SentiMag®. Wyniki. Nie odnotowano żadnych komplikacji związanych z założeniem znacznika. U wszystkich kobiet potwierdzono w USG jego prawidłowe położenie. Mediana odległości znacznika od skóry wynosiła 15 mm (9-29; 16,5 ± 6,1) a czasu trwania procedury od nakłucia skóry do wyjęcia igły 1 minutę (1-1,5; 1,1 ± 0,2). We wszystkich przypadkach w opinii wykonującego procedurę chirurga założenie znacznika było łatwiejsze i krótsze od założenia klasycznej kotwiczki lokalizacyjnej. U wszystkich pacjentek uzyskano skuteczną śródoperacyjną identyfikację zmiany, zarówno przez skórę jak i po jej nacięciu. We wszystkich przypadkach zabieg oceniono jako radykalny, zarówno makroskopowo w radiogramie preparatu, jak i mikroskopowo w pooperacyjnym raporcie histopatologicznym (resekcja R0). Wnioski. Opisana technika lokalizacyjna jest metodą bezpieczną i skuteczną. W dalszych pracach należy uwzględnić grupy pacjentek z rakiem położonym w dalszych odległościach od skóry i blisko dołu pachowego (ryzyko nakładania się pól magnetycznych guza i węzła wartowniczego) oraz analizę koszt-efektywność. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the context of demographic changes in Germany, it can be observed that the number of older people among the second largest migrant group - the so-called late repatriates - is on the rise. The health and utilisation behaviour of preventive measures by this group differs from that of the German population or people with a different migration background. An essential prerequisite for the design of target group-specific prevention measures is the knowledge of health expectations of the late repatriates., Goal of the Study: The goal of this study was to show the importance of the family and the predominant role models of late repatriates in health attitudes., Method: Guided interviews were conducted with 13 late repatriates in Russian and evaluated using the documentary method., Results: The family and the care for (grand-)children was a central element of the preservation of health of the respondents. The traditional role models brought from the Soviet Union were partly preserved and partly (regardless the gender) expanded by the care for the (grand-)children., Conclusion: The involvement of (grand-)children has a health-promoting effect on maintaining health in late repatriates and can encourage their use of preventive measures., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Introduction : Seroma formation (SF) is the most common postoperative complication after mastectomy and axillary surgery. The aim of this study was to assess its incidence and risk factors following a modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods : 271 patients who underwent a modified radical mastectomy (250 with traditional electrocautery and 21 with an ultrasonic scalpel) were studied. The SF rate was calculated and its association with patient-related factors, surgical features and postoperative variables was assessed and statistically analyzed with P <0.05 as a significance threshold. Results : SF was observed in 18% of patients. Patient's age, operating time and number of removed axillary lymph nodes did not significantly differ between SF and non-SF patients. Patients BMI, total drainage amount, number of days with drain were higher and postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in SF patients ( P <0.001 each). The dissection instrument was also an important risk factor: SF developed in 20% of patients operated with electrocautery and in none with an ultrasonic scalpel ( P <0.05). The association between surgical instrument and the number of removed lymph nodes, patient's age and BMI was not significant. Dissection with an ultrasonic scalpel resulted in a statistically significant lower total drainage amount. However, it was also related to a significantly longer operating time ( P <0.001 each). Conclusions : Risk of SF after a modified radical mastectomy is significantly higher in patients with obesity. Despite longer operating time, using an ultrasonic scalpel is a valuable option in those cases because it lowers the total drainage amount and seems to be an important protective factor against SF., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Background Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) of ultralow rectal cancer may result in the increased risk of the anastomotic leakage (AL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the gentamicin-collagen sponge (GCS) for the protection against symptomatic AL and investigate association between AL and local relapse (LR). Patients and methods A series of 158 patients with ultralow rectal cancer was studied. All the patients underwent R0 sphincter-saving TME with anastomosis wrapping using GCS. In none of the cases a temporary protective stoma was constructed. Results AL rate was 3.2% (5/158) while median time to AL diagnosis was 5 days following surgery (range 3-15). There was no postoperative and leakage-related mortality. Patient age > 75 years and smoking were independent risk factors related to significantly increased AL rate: 12.5% vs. 0.8% (P = 0.0004) and 5.7% vs. 0% P = 0.043), respectively. LR was observed in 12% of cases. It was highly significantly more common and developed earlier in patients who have had AL when compared with non-AL group: 80% vs. 9% (P = 0.00001) and 8.5 vs. 17 months (P = 0.014), respectively. Conclusions Anastomosis wrapping with GCS after anterior resection with TME is a safe procedure resulting in the low incidence of anastomotic leakage which may be also associated with decreased risk of local relapse.

Recent studies have reported a significant increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the past 30 years. They also predict that this trend will continue. This is related to a change in lifestyle, which results in a parallel increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity. However, symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, so far closely related to abdominal obesity, are relatively common among people with normal body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The aim of the study is to present the TOFI phenotype (thin outside, fat inside) as an important factor in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In the 1980s, the first study of the MONW (metabolic obese normal weight), a phenotype that is characterized by metabolic diseases in people with normal body weight. Since then, no uniform criteria have been established for MONW deployment, which has created difficulties in identifying affected individuals. Recent work has appeared describing the TOFI phenotype, which seems to lead to the appearance of MONW. People affected by this problem, in spite of undersized fatty tissue, have an increased amount of adipose tissue surrounding the internal organs, which increases the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In the diagnostics of the TOFI phenotype, magnetic resonance imaging is of paramount importance. Previous studies did not provide clear answers about the pathogenesis of TOFI nor which factors stimulate its development. Prophylaxis and treatment of the syndrome include increased physical activity, the promotion of correct eating habits, and a use of metformin., (© Polish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology.)

The gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity was measured in the blood serum obtained from 25 female patients with the uterine cervix carcinoma 10 and from 21 women with the uterine corpus carcinoma 10, treated by brachytherapy. The enzyme activity was determined in the five time points: before the brachytherapy, in the middle of the treating course, immediately after the application of the full dose of radium and in the seventh and the fourteenth day after the finishing the treatment. It was assumed the changes in the enzyme activity during the treatment course, and the highest values were observed immediately after the brachytherapy. It was noticed, that there is the direct connection between the enzyme activity changes and used brachytherapy method.

A series of branched-chain sugar isonucleosides was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity against herpesviruses. The preparation of homochiral [3S-(3 alpha, 4 beta, 5 alpha)]-2-amino-1, 9-dihydro-9-[tetrahydro-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-furanyl]-6H-purin-6-one (7, BMS-181,164) and related compounds was stereospecifically achieved starting from 1,2-isopropylidene-D-xylofuranose (10). An efficient two-step reduction of the anomeric center of bis-acetate 18 involved formation of the chloride intermediate 19, followed by diisobutylaluminum hydride reduction. Tosylation of the resulting alcohol 20 provided the key intermediate 21, which was coupled with a variety of nucleobase anions. Several members of this new class of compounds possess activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Compound 7 exhibits potent and selective activity against thymidine kinase encoding herpesviruses, in particular, HSV-1 and HSV-2. Evaluation of compound 7 for inhibition of WI-38 cell growth indicated an ID50 of > 700 microM. Although the antiherpetic activity in vitro of 7 is less than that of acyclovir (1), compound 7 displays superior efficacy in mouse model infections. The (bromovinyl)uridine analog 8 (BMS-181,165) also exhibits selective activity against HSV-1 and VZV, with no cytostatic effect on WI-38 cell growth at > 800 microM. Compound 8 is active against simian varicella virus and is efficacious in the corresponding monkey model.