28 results on '"Michelle Leydet"'
Search Results
2. Late-glacial and Holocene European pollen data
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Simon Brewer, Thomas Giesecke, Basil A. S. Davis, Walter Finsinger, Steffen Wolters, Heather Binney, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Ralph Fyfe, Graciela Gil-Romera, Norbert Kühl, Petr Kuneš, Michelle Leydet, and Richard H. Bradshaw
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Pollen ,Europe ,vegetation ,late-glacial ,Holocene ,Maps ,G3180-9980 - Abstract
The European Pollen Database (EPD) is a community effort to archive and make available pollen sequences from across the European continent. Pollen sequences provide records that may be used to infer past vegetation and vegetation change. We present here maps based on 828 sites from the EPD giving an overview of changes in postglacial pollen assemblages in Europe over the past 15,000 years. The maps show the distribution and abundance of 54 different pollen taxa at 500 year intervals, supported by new age-depth models and associated chronological uncertainty analysis. Results show the individualistic patterns of spread of different pollen taxa, and provide a standardized dataset for further analysis, defining a spatial context for the study of past plant and vegetation changes and other aspects of environmental history in Europe.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Late-glacial and Holocene European pollen data
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Basil A. S. Davis, Steffen Wolters, Graciela Gil-Romera, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Walter Finsinger, Ralph Fyfe, Heather Binney, Michelle Leydet, Petr Kuneš, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Thomas Giesecke, Norbert Kühl, Simon Brewer, University of Utah, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), School of Geography, University of Plymouth-University of Plymouth, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Bonn Universität [Bonn], Charles University [Prague], School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
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010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,[ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,Abundance (ecology) ,vegetation ,lcsh:G3180-9980 ,Pollen ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,medicine ,[ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Glacial period ,Environmental history ,[ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,Holocene ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:Maps ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,Europe ,[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Taxon ,Geography ,Climatology ,European Pollen Database ,late-glacial ,Physical geography ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Abstract
International audience; The European Pollen Database (EPD) is a community effort to archive and make available pollen sequences from across the European continent. Pollen sequences provide records that may be used to infer past vegetation and vegetation change. We present here maps based on 828 sites from the EPD giving an overview of changes in postglacial pollen assemblages in Europe over the past 15,000 years. The maps show the distribution and abundance of 54 different pollen taxa at 500 year intervals, supported by new age-depth models and associated chronological uncertainty analysis. Results show the individualistic patterns of spread of different pollen taxa, and provide a standardized dataset for further analysis, defining a spatial context for the study of past plant and vegetation changes and other aspects of environmental history in Europe.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Pollen analysis of present-day striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) scats from central Iran: Implications for dryland paleoecology and animal paleoethology
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Nafiseh Samadi, Belinda Gambin, Dahvya Belkacem, Michelle Leydet, Morteza Djamali, Emmanuel Gandouin, Marjan Mashkour, Hossein Akhani, Margareta Tengberg, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Tehran, University of Malta [Malta], Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Steppe ,Striped hyena ,Coprolite ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Feces ,biology.animal ,Pollen ,medicine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Palynology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,15. Life on land ,Late Quaternary ,biology.organism_classification ,Commensalism ,Geography ,Hyena ,SW Asia ,Hyaena ,Paleoecology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology - Abstract
International audience; The striped hyena is the largest living omnivorous scavenger in SW Asia. It generally lives in semi-arid desert steppe regions, often denning in small caves, rock shelters, and burrows close to human settlements. Bone fragments of wild and domestic animals and desiccated scats are frequently found in the hyena dens. In this study, eight striped hyena desiccated scats were subjected to pollen analysis. All scats were rich in pollen and the exine was well-preserved with no visible sign of corrosion. Pollen spectra revealed interesting information on the regional and local vegetation, as well as the foraging behavior and diet of the animal. They reflected an array of different landscapes ranging from natural/semi-natural xerophytic desert steppes, agricultural fields, and grazing pastures. Some scats contained certain pollen taxa very rarely observed in wetland sediments, indicating the high potential of hyena "copropalynology"in providing detailed information on the past floristic composition of the landscape. When comparing with archeobotanical data from the area, the hyena scat assemblages show that the general physiognomy of the landscape has remained almost unchanged since the 6th millennium B.C., with only minor changes in the composition or density of the woody components of the desert steppe. As most of the Holocene fossil coprolites in archeological and paleontological sites of SW Asia would have been left by striped hyena, the study of the modern analogs of such accumulations in extant hyena dens is helpful to correctly interpret the fossil faunal assemblages to reconstruct the paleolandscapes, land-use change, and animal paleoethology.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2
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Juliana Atanassova, Christine M. Åkesson, Piotr Kołaczek, Marco Zanon, Kari Loe Hjelle, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Heikki Seppä, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Vachel A. Carter, James Edward Schofield, Krystyna Milecka, Iria García-Moreiras, Takeshi Nakagawa, Walter Finsinger, Willy Tinner, Castor Muñoz Sobrino, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, José Antonio López-Sáez, Elena Marinova, Philipp Stojakowits, Tatiana G. Antipina, Silvia Sabariego Ruiz, Roman Abegglen, Vlasta Jankovská, Oksana G. Zanina, Mariusz Gałka, Arsenii T. Galimov, Maria Papadopoulou, Manfred Rösch, Kevin J. Edwards, Patricia L. Fall, Basil A. S. Davis, Philipp Sommer, Elissaveta Bozilova, Ulrike Herzschuh, Verushka Valsecchi, Natalia Ryabogina, Ikuko Kitaba, Elena Novenko, Michelle Leydet, Anna Pędziszewska, Nata K. Panova, Almut Mrotzek, Donatella Magri, Eleonora Clo, Isabelle Matthias, R. Scott Anderson, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Kazimierz Tobolski, Vincent Lebreton, Leanne N. Phelps, Irina G. Gvozdeva, André F. Lotter, Nina I. Belyanina, Assunta Florenzano, William J. Fletcher, Ioan Tantau, Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Roxana Grindean, Normunds Stivrins, Elena G. Lapteva, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, J. Sakari Salonen, Tatiana I. Petrenko, Tatyana V. Sapelko, Angelica Feurdean, Anna Maria Mercuri, Yuri A. Mikishin, G Furlanetto, Susanne Jahns, Cesare Ravazzi, Helena Svobodova Svitavska, Anastasia Mavridou, Carlo Alessandro Montanari, Jose Manuel Mesa-Fernández, Sampson Panajiotidis, Ruth Beer, Stéphanie Desprat, Federico Di Rita, María J. Ramos-Román, Emna Gaceur, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Olga K. Borisova, Galina Bukreeva, M. Jane Bunting, Manuel Chevalier, Achille Mauri, Maria Angela Guido, Darya A. Lopatina, César Morales-Molino, Spassimir Tonkov, Marcelina Zimny, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Sergey Ivanov, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Daniele Colombaroli, Morteza Djamali, Heather S. Pardoe, Olga D. Naidina, Margarita Tsakiridou, Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of physical chemistry, Uppsala University, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Natural History Collections, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Botany, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance (LISTIC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), CNR-IDPA, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Turku], University of Turku, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Riga], Софийски университет = Sofia University, University of Portsmouth, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Avignon Université (AU), López Sáez, José Antonio, Davis, B, Chevalier, M, Sommer, P, Carter, V, Finsinger, W, Mauri, A, Phelps, L, Zanon, M, Abegglen, R, Akesson, C, Alba-Sanchez, F, Scott Anderson, R, Antipina, T, Atanassova, J, Beer, R, Belyanina, N, Blyakharchuk, T, Borisova, O, Bozilova, E, Bukreeva, G, Jane Bunting, M, Clo, E, Colombaroli, D, Combourieu-Nebout, N, Desprat, S, Di Rita, F, Djamali, M, Edwards, K, Fall, P, Feurdean, A, Fletcher, W, Florenzano, A, Furlanetto, G, Gaceur, E, Galimov, A, Galka, M, Garcia-Moreiras, I, Giesecke, T, Grindean, R, Guido, M, Gvozdeva, I, Herzschuh, U, Hjelle, K, Ivanov, S, Jahns, S, Jankovska, V, Jimenez-Moreno, G, Karpinska-Kolaczek, M, Kitaba, I, Kolaczek, P, Lapteva, E, Latalowa, M, Lebreton, V, Leroy, S, Leydet, M, Lopatina, D, Lopez-Saez, J, Lotter, A, Magri, D, Marinova, E, Matthias, I, Mavridou, A, Mercuri, A, Mesa-Fernandez, J, Mikishin, Y, Milecka, K, Montanari, C, Morales-Molino, C, Mrotzek, A, Sobrino, C, Naidina, O, Nakagawa, T, Nielsen, A, Novenko, E, Panajiotidis, S, Panova, N, Papadopoulou, M, Pardoe, H, Pedziszewska, A, Petrenko, T, Ramos-Roman, M, Ravazzi, C, Rosch, M, Ryabogina, N, Ruiz, S, Sakari Salonen, J, Sapelko, T, Schofield, J, Seppa, H, Shumilovskikh, L, Stivrins, N, Stojakowits, P, Svitavska, H, Swieta-Musznicka, J, Tantau, I, Tinner, W, Tobolski, K, Tonkov, S, Tsakiridou, M, Valsecchi, V, Zanina, O, Zimny, M, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Sofia University 'Sv. Kliment Ohridski', Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Helsinki, and University of Sofia
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0106 biological sciences ,LAKE CONSTANCE REGION ,Palynology Palaeoecology Palaeoclimatology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,HUMAN IMPACT ,recent pollen deposition ,580 Plants (Botany) ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,2417.10 Paleobotánica ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,ddc:550 ,SURFACE POLLEN ,SOUTHERN NORWAY ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,SDG 15 - Life on Land ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,0303 health sciences ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,GE ,APUSENI NATURAL PARK ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Foundation (engineering) ,European pollen database ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,Europe ,LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM ,Geography ,NORTHERN IBERIAN PLATEAU ,pollen ,GE Environmental Sciences ,1171 Geosciences ,010506 paleontology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Earth and Planetary Sciences(all) ,Library science ,Climate change ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,010603 evolutionary biology ,neotoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Eurasian Modern Pollen Database ,2502.05 Paleoclimatología ,Pollen ,medicine ,SIERRA-NEVADA ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,030304 developmental biology ,Botánica ,HOLOCENE VEGETATION HISTORY ,DAS ,15. Life on land ,2416.03 Palinología ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,lcsh:Geology ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,MCP ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60% from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https: //doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019)., Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 200021_169598, University of Lausanne
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- 2020
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6. Europe’s lost forests: a pollen-based synthesis for the last 11,000 years
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Michelle Leydet, Jed O. Kaplan, Jessie Woodbridge, Marie-José Gaillard, Laurent Marquer, Florence Mazier, Anne Brigitte Nielsen, Basil A. S. Davis, Anna-Kari Trondman, Shinya Sugita, Ralph Fyfe, Neil Roberts, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Leiden University, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University-Tallinn University, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar-University of Kalmar, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Biodiversity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Forests ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Prehistory ,Pollen ,Temperate climate ,medicine ,Humans ,Forest ,Neolithic ,lcsh:Science ,ddc:910 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Population Density ,Multidisciplinary ,Fossils ,Plant Dispersal ,Radiometric Dating ,lcsh:R ,Taiga ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Plants ,15. Life on land ,Europe ,Geography ,pollen analysis ,13. Climate action ,Interglacial ,Paleoecology ,lcsh:Q ,Physical geography ,Landscape ecology - Abstract
8000 years ago, prior to Neolithic agriculture, Europe was mostly a wooded continent. Since then, its forest cover has been progressively fragmented, so that today it covers less than half of Europe’s land area, in many cases having been cleared to make way for fields and pasture-land. Establishing the origin of Europe’s current, more open land-cover mosaic requires a long-term perspective, for which pollen analysis offers a key tool. In this study we utilise and compare three numerical approaches to transforming pollen data into past forest cover, drawing on >1000 14C-dated site records. All reconstructions highlight the different histories of the mixed temperate and the northern boreal forests, with the former declining progressively since ~6000 years ago, linked to forest clearance for agriculture in later prehistory (especially in northwest Europe) and early historic times (e.g. in north central Europe). In contrast, extensive human impact on the needle-leaf forests of northern Europe only becomes detectable in the last two millennia and has left a larger area of forest in place. Forest loss has been a dominant feature of Europe’s landscape ecology in the second half of the current interglacial, with consequences for carbon cycling, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity.
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- 2018
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7. Past and future global transformation of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change
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J. R. Dodson, Janelle Stevenson, A. Peter Kershaw, Zhuo Zheng, Rachid Cheddadi, Qinghai Xu, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Patricio I. Moreno, William D. Gosling, Patricia M. Anderson, Michelle Leydet, Simon Brewer, Soo Hyun Kim, Hikaru Takahara, Mary E. Edwards, Mark B. Bush, Kam-biu Liu, Heather Binney, Morteza Djamali, Stefanie Müller, Julio L. Betancourt, Judy R M Allen, Chengyu Weng, Matt S. McGlone, Simon Haberle, Caiming Shen, Rob Marchant, Annie Vincens, Sarah J. Ivory, Connor Nolan, Sara C. Hotchkiss, Anne-Marie Lézine, Yao Liu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Claudio Latorre, Arata Momohara, Stephen T. Jackson, Anatoly V. Lozhkin, Brian Huntley, Brian M. Chase, John Tipton, Pavel E. Tarasov, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, University of Southampton, Utah Museum of Natural History, Department of Geography, University of Utah, University of Utah, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Department of Archaeology and Natural History (RSPS), Australian National University (ANU), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of York [York, UK], Freie Universität Berlin, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hebei Normal University, School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering [Guangzhou], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Arizona Geological Survey, Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)
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0106 biological sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Earth science ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate Change ,Global warming ,Biodiversity ,Climate change ,15. Life on land ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,13. Climate action ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,Glacial period ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Concern is growing that global climate change will have widespread impact on the world’s terrestrial ecosystems, but future impacts are imperfectly constrained by ecosystem models and direct observations. All available data, including records of past ecological change, need to be utilized to assess the range of potential future outcomes. Here we show that pervasive ecosystem transformations occurred in response to warming and associated climatic changes during the last glacial-to-interglacial transition, which was of comparable magnitude to climatic change projected to occur in the next 100 to 150 years under high-emission scenarios. We used data from 596 published paleoecological records to examine compositional and structural changes in global terrestrial vegetation since the last glacial period, and to project the magnitude of ecosystem transformations under different emission scenarios in the future. Our results indicate that terrestrial ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature change, and suggest that without major reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions to the atmosphere (i.e., in line with those targeted in the 2015 Paris Agreement), most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are at risk of major transformation, with accompanying disruption of ecosystem services and impacts on biodiversity.
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- 2017
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8. Patterns and dynamics of European vegetation change over the last 15,000 years
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Simon Brewer, Walter Finsinger, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Thomas Giesecke, Michelle Leydet, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Utah, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), University of Liverpool, University of Göttingen-University of Göttingen, Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,migrational lag ,[ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Population ,Climate change ,medicine.disease_cause ,global warming ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,[ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Pollen ,medicine ,[ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,education ,[ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,spread of trees ,education.field_of_study ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Ecology ,Global warming ,Vegetation ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,15. Life on land ,Europe ,[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,EPD ,European Pollen Database ,post-glacial ,pollen ,Biological dispersal ,Physical geography ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Abstract
International audience; Aim: Palaeoecological reconstructions document past vegetation change, with estimates of fast shifts in species distributions. The resulting rates of plant spread are often not matched by model simulations of climate-driven vegetation dynamics. Genetic surveys of extant plant populations document directions of the post-glacial spread of trees, challenging traditional interpretations. Our aim is to examine an updated continental pollen data set from Europe in the light of the new ideas about vegetation dynamics emerging from genetic research and vegetation modelling studies. LocationEurope.Methods: We use pollen data from the European Pollen Database (EPD) to construct interpolated maps of pollen percentages documenting changes in the distribution and abundance of major plant genera and the grass family in Europe over the last 15,000years.Results: Our analyses confirm high rates of post-glacial spread with at least 1000myear(-1) for Corylus, Ulmus and Alnus and average rates of 400myear(-1) for Tilia, Quercus, Fagus and Carpinus. The late Holocene expansions of Picea and Fagus populations in many European regions cannot be explained by migrational lag. Both taxa shift their population centres towards the Atlantic coast suggesting that climate may have played a role in the timing of their expansions. The slowest rates of spread were reconstructed for Abies.Main conclusions: The calculated rates of post-glacial plant spread are higher in Europe than those from North America, which may be due to more rapid shifts in climate mediated by the Gulf Stream and westerly winds. Late Holocene anthropogenic land use practices in Europe had major effects on individual taxa, which in combination with climate change contributed to shifts in areas of abundance and dominance. The high rates of spread calculated from the European pollen data are consistent with rapid tracking of early Holocene climate change by common tree species, documenting that plants can spread fast tracing their climate space, regardless of their dispersal strategy.
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- 2017
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9. IndexMEED cases studies using 'Omics' data with graph theory
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Laure Berti-Equille, François Marchal, Bénédicte Madon, Robin Goffaud, Dad Roux-Michollet, Fanny Arnaud, Jean-Baptiste Mihoub, Alison Specht, Romain David, Anna Cohen Nabeiro, Karina Gibert, Luc Hogie, David Auber, Dino Ienco, Sophie Gachet, Manuel Herrera Fernandez, Vincent Breton, Nicolas Bailly, Thierry Tatoni, Christian Surace, Jean-Charles Meunier, Loup Bernard, Aurélie Delavaud, Yvan Le Bras, Jean-Claude Raynal, Romain Julliard, Anne Chenuil-Maurel, Sophie Archambeau, Grégoire Loïs, Michelle Leydet, Geneviève Romier, Isabelle Mougenot, Cyrille Blanpain, Jean-Pierre Féral, Eric Peletier, Alrick Dias, Julien Lecubin, Víctor Méndez Muñoz, Yannick Legré, Sophie Pamerlon, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Biodiversity Information Facility France (GBIF France), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Grilles et du Cloud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), University of Bath [Bath], Logical Time for Formal Embedded System Design (KAIROS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ADVanced Analytics for data SciencE (ADVANSE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe de Recherche Rhône Alpes sur les Infrastructures et l'Eau (GRAIE), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
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Decision support system ,Computer science ,Good Environmental Status ,Omics data ,Interoperability ,Interdisciplinarity ,Data qualification ,Graph ,Environmental data ,03 medical and health sciences ,LabEx DRIIHM ,Information system ,SPARQL ,14. Life underwater ,RDF ,030304 developmental biology ,Decision Support Tools ,0303 health sciences ,OHM Bassin Minier de Provence ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Graph theory ,General Medicine ,computer.file_format ,15. Life on land ,Data science ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Thesaurus ,13. Climate action ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,computer - Abstract
Data produced within marine and terrestrial biodiversity research projects that evaluate and monitor Good Environmental Status, have a high potential for use by stakeholders involved in environmental management. However, environmental data, especially in ecology, are not readily accessible to various users. The specific scientific goals and the logics of project organization and information gathering lead to a decentralized data distribution. In such a heterogeneous system across different organizations and data formats, it is difficult to efficiently harmonize the outputs. Few tools are available to assist. For instance standards and specific protocols can be applied to interconnect databases. Such semantic approaches greatly increase data interoperability. This communication present the recent results and the consortium IndexMEED (Indexing for Mining Ecological and Environmental Data) activity that aims to build new approaches to investigate complex research questions, and support the emergence of new scientific hypotheses based on graph theory Auber et al. 2014). Current developments in data mining based on graphs, as well as the potential for relevant contributions to environmental research, particularly about strategic decision-making, and new ways of organizing data will be presented (David et al. 2015). In particular, the consortium makes decisions on how i) to analyze heterogeneous distributed data spread throughout different databases combining molecular and habitat characteristics data [3], ii) to create matches and incorporate some approximations, iii) to identify statistical relationships between observed data and the emergence of contextual patterns using a calculation library and distributed calculation center at the European level, iv) to encourage openness and sharing data while complying with the general principles of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable and citable) in order to enhance data value and their utilization. IndexMEED participants are now exploring the ability of two scientific communities (ecology sensu lato and computer sciences) to work together, using several studies cases. The ECOSCOPE project aims to meet the need to access structured and complementary omics-datasets to better understand biodiversity state and its dynamics. Indeed, the ECOSCOPE case study targets to visualize, through the graph approach, links between datasets and databases from genetics to ecosystems. Another case study, displaying anthropology fossils and omics on the same graph, will also be presented. DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) and CIGESMED (Coralligenous based Indicators to evaluate and monitor the "Good Environmental Status" of the MEDiterranean coastal water) European projects, conducted by IMBE, are focused on photo quadrats, cartography and omics data of the marine hard bottom in order to discover context patterns helpful to build decision support system building. Study case "65 Millions d'observateurs" French project is testing AskOmics to provide a graph-based querying interface using RDF (Resource Description Framework) and SPARQL technologies. Scientific questions can be resolved by the new data mining approaches that offer new ways to investigate heterogeneous environmental data with graph mining (Muñoz et al. 2017). The uses of data from biodiversity research demonstrate the prototype functionalities (David et al. 2016) and introduce new perspectives to analyze environmental and societal responses including decision-making at large scale, both at the information system level and the observing system level than at the observed system level.
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- 2017
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10. Novel insights from coleopteran and pollen evidence into the Lateglacial/Holocene transition in Aubrac, French Massif Central
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Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Nathalie Van der Putten, Christine Paillès, Frédéric Guiter, Philippe Ponel, Patrick Rioual, Emmanuel Gandouin, Michelle Leydet, Morteza Djamali, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], and Earth and Climate
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010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Oldest Dryas ,Lateglacial ,Palaeoenvironments ,Older Dryas ,Oceanography ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Pollen ,medicine ,Stadial ,Younger Dryas ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,geography ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Massif central ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,Coleoptera ,13. Climate action ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Geology - Abstract
International audience; The aim of this study is to describe the environmental and climate changes that occurred in the mountains of Aubrac at the transition between the Lateglacial and the Holocene, from a comparative analysis of fossil Coleoptera and pollen, and a series of 23 C-14 dates. The changes affecting the ecological categories of Coleoptera lead to a division of the sequence into 5 beetle assemblage zones (BAZ): the lowermost BAZ A is characterized by extremely poor assemblages (periglacial environment); BAZ B (Oldest Dryas and Lateglacial Interstadial) is marked by regular occurrences of taxa associated with open environments, aquatic taxa associated with running and highly oxygenated water, and cold adapted taxa with relatively low numbers; BAZ C (Younger Dryas) corresponds to two important events: a particular abundance of cold adapted taxa and a marked decrease of running water taxa, beetles associated with herbaceous vegetation and open environments are also well represented; BAZ D (Early Holocene) corresponds to the total disappearance of cold adapted taxa; the transition BAZ C/BAZ D is marked also by a dramatic peak of running water taxa; the uppermost BAZ E (Early/Mid Holocene) is marked by a total absence of running water taxa which are replaced by standing water or taxa tolerant of a range of water conditions, a particular abundance of wetland taxa, and taxa associated with herbaceous vegetation and open environments. Beetle and pollen data suggest that the harsh climatic conditions prevailing in the Aubrac mountains did not allow warm dependent fauna and trees to establish during the Lateglacial Interstadial, at least in the Roustieres region, and that wide open landscapes occupied the plateau at that time. The Older Dryas, a cold spell previously recorded at La Taphanel (Cantal), is not visible in the Roustieres record, probably because of the higher altitude at Roustieres, whereas the Younger Dryas is strongly expressed. During the Holocene, concordant beetles and pollen data enable to reconstruct the rapid recolonization of the plateau by mesophilous trees (Ulmus, Quercus), suggesting the possible presence of refugia to the southern slopes of the Aubrac plateau. Insect/pollen comparisons provide evidence for hydrological changes in the former lake of Roustieres and suggest that lacustrine water level changes often used as indicator of precipitation regime changes should be taken with caution. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2016
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11. Environmental and climate reconstruction of the late-glacial-Holocene transition from a lake sediment sequence in Aubrac, French Massif Central: Chironomid and diatom evidence
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Patrick Rioual, Stephen J. Brooks, D. Belkacem, Philippe Ponel, Christine Paillès, Michelle Leydet, N. Van der Putten, Morteza Djamali, J.-L. de Beaulieu, Harry John Betteley Birks, J.N. Haas, Emmanuel Gandouin, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Frédéric Guiter, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Department of Biology and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Botany, Lund University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Lund University [Lund], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Petrology, and Earth and Climate
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Subfossil insects ,010506 paleontology ,Peat ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Oldest Dryas ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate change ,Western Europe ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Paleontology ,Palaeolimnology ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Glacial period ,Younger Dryas ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Past aquatic ecosystem ,Massif ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Corynocera ambigua ,Diatom ,13. Climate action ,[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology ,Temperature reconstruction ,Physical geography ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Geology - Abstract
International audience; The analysis of fossil chironomid and diatom assemblages from a sedimentary record from Les Roustieres peat bog (Massif Central, France, 1196 m asl) allows the reconstruction of past environmental and climate changes during the late-glacial and early Holocene. Chironomid assemblages showed that the infilling of the palaeolake had commenced during the Oldest Dryas (GS-2b) as suggested by the rapid decrease in chironomid species associated with the cold and deep zone of lakes and by their replacement by littoral and eutrophic taxa. Quantitative July temperature reconstructions, based on the chironomid data, suggest that mean July air temperature (Tjul) ranged between 6 degrees C and 11 degrees C at the termination of the Oldest Dryas period (GS-2b). Climate began to warm at the start of the Bolling period (GI-1e), between 15,000 and 14,800 cal yr BP, with a rise in Tjul of about 4 degrees C. This climate warming is contemporaneous with lake eutrophication as suggested by diatoms and chironomids. Maximum temperatures of 13-14 degrees C were reached around 13,600 cal yr BP during the Allered period (GI-1c-GI-1a). The Younger Dryas period (GS-1) is marked by a return to cold conditions with Tjul of about 10 degrees C during a first phase, then 13 degrees C in its terminal part. A probable increase in the duration of the ice-cover may have favoured arctic and alpine diatom species. The early-Holocene climate improvement is marked by a rise in Tjul of about 3 degrees C. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2016
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12. Coprophilous Coleoptera vs fungal spores, examples from Iran and from the Alps
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Philippe Ponel, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Monika Badura, De Beaulieu Jacques-Louis, Mona Court-Picon, Morteza Djamali, Frédéric Guiter, Hamid Lahijani, Michelle Leydet, Marjan Mashkour, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk Poland, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2016
13. Le référentiel Matières Premières de l’Arc Liguro-Provençal (MP-ALP) : ressources siliceuses entre Vallée du Rhône et Apennins
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Antonin Tomasso, Didier Binder, Gabriele Martino, Guillaume Porraz, Patrick Simon, Michelle Leydet, Maryse Blet-Lemarquand, Mario Dini, Raphaëlle Guilbert, Vanessa Léa, Jean Millot, Caroline Simonucci, Carlo Tozzi, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Musée d'Anthropologie Préhistorique, Monaco, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Tomasso, Antonin and Binder, Didier and Martino, Gabriele and Porraz, Guillaume and Simon, Patrick and Naudinot, and Nicolas
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[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory - Abstract
International audience; Le référentiel Matières Premières de l’Arc Liguro-Provençal (MP-ALP) : ressources siliceuses entre Vallée du Rhône et Apennins
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- 2016
14. Pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant-functional types and land-cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling
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Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Matts Lindbladh, B. van Geel, Marie-José Gaillard, P. van der Knaap, Shinya Sugita, Chris Caseldine, Walter Dörfler, Chantal Leroyer, Jutta Lechterbeck, Mihkel Kangur, Siim Veski, Anneli Poska, Per Lagerås, Laurent Marquer, Anna-Kari Trondman, Ralph Fyfe, Philip Barratt, Florence Mazier, Manfred Rösch, Tiiu Koff, E. Fischer, Tove Hultberg, Thomas Persson, Bent Vad Odgaard, Michelle Leydet, Anna Broström, Petr Kuneš, Heikki Seppä, Harry John Betteley Birks, John Dodson, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Fraser J.G. Mitchell, Lucia Wick, Laimdota Kalnina, Leif Björkman, Claire L. Twiddle, S. M. Peglar, Rémi David, Anne E. Bjune, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University-Tallinn University, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Department of Geology, Lund University [Lund], Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Department of Biology and Bjerkness Centre for Climate Research, Uni Research Climate, Uni Research Ltd, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria, Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria-Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria, Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Institute fur Ur und fruhgeschichte, Department of Paleoecology and landscape Ecology, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences [Riga], University of Latvia (LU), Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Swedish National Heritage Board, Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeology, University of Gdańsk (UG)-University of Gdańsk (UG), State Office for cultural Heritage Baden-Wuerttemberg, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Trinity College Dublin, Department of Geoscience [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], P.O. Box 64, Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), University of Basel (Unibas), VR 349-2007-8705, Swedish [VR] Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Department of Geosciences and Geography, Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
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DYNAMICS ,Climate Change ,Biodiversity ,SOURCE AREA ,Land cover ,580 Plants (Botany) ,medicine.disease_cause ,114 Physical sciences ,pollen data ,FUTURE ,Deforestation ,Pollen ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,ALGORITHM ,1172 Environmental sciences ,Holocene ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,General Environmental Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,REVEALS model ,OPENNESS ,Plant Dispersal ,QUATERNARY PALYNOLOGICAL DATABASE ,SOUTHERN SWEDEN ,Vegetation ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Models, Theoretical ,15. Life on land ,Evergreen ,quantitative past land cover ,TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ,Europe ,Deciduous ,Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 [VDP] ,Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 [VDP] ,13. Climate action ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,plant-functional types ,REVEALS-MODEL ,CARBON-CYCLE - Abstract
A contribution to the PAGES Focus 4 Land Use and Cover Theme ABSTRACT: We present quantitative reconstructions of regional vegetation cover in north western Europe western Europe north of the Alps and eastern Europe for five time windows in the Holocene [around 6k 3k 0.5k 0.2k and 0.05k calendar years before present (bp)] at a 1° × 1° spatial scale with the objective of producing vegetation descriptions suitable for climate modelling. The REVEALS model was applied on 636 pollen records from lakes and bogs to reconstruct the past cover of 25 plant taxa grouped into 10 plant functional types and three land cover types [evergreen trees summer green (deciduous) trees and open land]. The model corrects for some of the biases in pollen percentages by using pollen productivity estimates and fall speeds of pollen and by applying simple but robust models of pollen dispersal and deposition. The emerging patterns of tree migration and deforestation between 6k bp and modern time in the REVEALS estimates agree with our general understanding of the vegetation history of Europe based on pollen percentages. However the degree of anthropogenic deforestation (i.e. cover of cultivated and grazing land) at 3k 0.5k and 0.2k bp is significantly higher than deduced from pollen percentages. This is also the case at 6k in some parts of Europe in particular Britain and Ireland. Furthermore the relationship between summer green and evergreen trees and between individual tree taxa differs significantly when expressed as pollen percentages or as REVEALS estimates of tree cover. For instance when Pinus is dominant over Picea as pollen percentages Picea is dominant over Pinus as REVEALS estimates. These differences play a major role in the reconstruction of European landscapes and for the study of land cover–climate interactions biodiversity and human resources.
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- 2015
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15. Fossil beetles as possible evidence for transhumance during the middle and late Holocene in the high mountains of Talysch (Talesh) in NW Iran?
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Michelle Leydet, Marjan Mashkour, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Philippe Ponel, Hamid Lahijani, Morteza Djamali, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Steppe ,Pastoralism ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Iran ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Pollen ,Temperate climate ,medicine ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sediment core ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Middle East ,060102 archaeology ,Ecology ,06 humanities and the arts ,15. Life on land ,Archaeological evidence ,Coleoptera ,Geography ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Neor lake - Abstract
International audience; A short sediment core (300 cm) was retrieved from a peaty deposit in the northeastern corner of Lake Neor in NW Iran yielding a 6500-year-old sequence relatively rich in pollen and beetle remains. Beetle assemblages contained a significant amount of coprophagous and coprophilous species all along the core. Pollen spectra suggest an open steppe landscape typical of the modern Irano-Turanian highlands with pollen indicators of agro-pastoral activities and also the proximity of the mesic temperate Hyrcanian forest to the east. Together, insect and pollen evidence, in agreement with the archaeological evidence for NW Iran, suggest that pastoralism was practised in the high elevation surroundings of Neor in Talysch Mountains at least since ca. 6500 years ago. This preliminary study highlights the strong potential of palaeoentomological investigations in furthering our understanding of the history of pastoralism in the Middle East.
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- 2013
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16. The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project
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Basil A. S. Davis, Marco Zanon, Pamella Collins, Achille Mauri, Johan Bakker, Doris Barboni, Alexandra Barthelmes, Celia Beaudouin, Anne E. Bjune, Elissaveta Bozilova, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Barbara A. Brayshay, Simon Brewer, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Jane Bunting, Simon E. Connor, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Kevin Edwards, Ana Ejarque, Patricia Fall, Assunta Florenzano, Ralph Fyfe, Didier Galop, Marco Giardini, Thomas Giesecke, Michael J. Grant, Jöel Guiot, Susanne Jahns, Vlasta Jankovská, Stephen Juggins, Marina Kahrmann, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Norbert Kühl, Petr Kuneš, Elena G. Lapteva, Suzanne A. G. Leroy, Michelle Leydet, José Guiot, José Antonio López Sáez, Alessia Masi, Isabelle Matthias, Florence Mazier, Vivika Meltsov, Anna Maria Mercuri, Yannick Miras, Fraser J. G. Mitchell, Jesse L. Morris, Filipa Naughton, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Elena Novenko, Bent Odgaard, Elena Ortu, Mette Venås Overballe-Petersen, Heather S. Pardoe, Silvia M. Peglar, Irena A. Pidek, Laura Sadori, Heikki Seppä, Elena Severova, Helen Shaw, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Martin Theuerkauf, Spassimir Tonkov, Siim Veski, W. O. van der Knaap, Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen, Jessie Woodbridge, Marcelina Zimny, Jed O. Kaplan, López Sáez, José Antonio, ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Center for Archaeological Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento de Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Department of Geography, University of Hull-University of Hull, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICAC, Icac, Laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università del Molise, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Research groups ,europe ,pollen ,epd ,empd ,surface sample ,database ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate change ,Plant Science ,580 Plants (Botany) ,computer.software_genre ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Proxy (climate) ,Database ,Pollen ,medicine ,EMPD ,Biogeosciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Surface sample ,Surface Sample ,EPD ,Europe ,Paleontology ,15. Life on land ,Geography ,European Pollen Database ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,computer - Abstract
Davis, B.A.S. et al., Modern pollen samples provide an invaluable research tool for helping to interpret the quaternary fossil pollen record, allowing investigation of the relationship between pollen as the proxy and the environmental parameters such as vegetation, land-use, and climate that the pollen proxy represents. The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) is a new initiative within the European Pollen Database (EPD) to establish a publicly accessible repository of modern (surface sample) pollen data. This new database will complement the EPD, which at present holds only fossil sedimentary pollen data. The EMPD is freely available online to the scientific community and currently has information on almost 5,000 pollen samples from throughout the Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean regions, contributed by over 40 individuals and research groups. Here we describe how the EMPD was constructed, the various tables and their fields, problems and errors, quality controls, and continuing efforts to improve the available data.
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- 2013
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17. Le référentiel Matières Premières de l’Arc Liguro-Provençal (MP-ALP) : ressources siliceuses entre Vallée du Rhône et Apennins (COM)
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Antonin Tomasso, Didier Binder, Gabriele Martino, Guillaume Porraz, Patrick Simon, Michelle Leydet, Maryse Blet-Lemarquand, Mario Dini, Raphaëlle Guilbert, Vanessa Léa, Jean Millot, Caroline Simonucci, Carlo Tozzi, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,entre ,siliceuses ,l’Arc ,Matières ,Rhône ,Premières ,Liguro-Provençal ,Vallée ,ressources ,Apennins ,référentiel ,COM ,MP-ALP - Abstract
International audience; Le référentiel Matières Premières de l’Arc Liguro-Provençal (MP-ALP) : ressources siliceuses entre Vallée du Rhône et Apennins (COM)
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- 2013
18. Climatic variations across the Mediterranean Basin reconstructed from pollen and vegetation model
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Joel Guiot, Michelle Leydet, Armand Rotereau, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leydet, Michelle
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,atmosphere interactions ,Biosphere ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography - Abstract
International audience; The Mediterranean Basin is a complex region with a complex topography at the interface of two climatic systems. Water availability is the main limiting factor of vegetation at low elevation and both temperature and precipitation are equally important at higher elevation. We propose here a gridded reconstruction of the Holocene climate at the scale of the Mediterranean region from pollen by using a vegetation model in inverse mode (Guiot et al, 2009) and so relating vegetation changes to climatic changes in a more mechanistic way than standard statistical approaches. The proxy data used are the pollen series stored in the European Pollen Database (EPD) for the Mediterranean Basin. The period covered is the last 10 ky at a multi-decadal time-step and the climatic variables are winter, summer temperature and precipitation, as well as soil water. BIOME4 model (Kaplan et al, 2003) uses as inputs monthly temperature, precipitation variables and provides outputs comparable to pollen data (assuming that there is a relationship between plant productivity and pollen counts). The idea behind paleoclimatological reconstructions is then to obtain inputs, given outputs. This procedure, called model inversion, is achieved with appropriate algorithms in the frame of the Bayesian statistical theory. As CO2 atmospheric concentration is also an input of the model, it is possible to take into account the true variations of the concentration across Holocene to reconstruct the climate. We will present gridded maps of climatic change for typical periods where Mediterranean Basin has known important water stresses.
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- 2012
19. Structure and dynamics of ecosystems during the recent glaciations of the Quaternary in Medio-European and Mediterranean areas
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Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Soumaya Belmecheri, Svante Björck, Simon Brewer, Jacques Brulhet, Pascal Campagne, Coste, G., Emmanuel Gandouin, Frédéric Guiter, Didier Kéravis, George Kukla, Elisabeth Lallier-Vergès, Michelle Leydet, Gérard Nicoud, Philippe Ponel, Frank Preusser, Maurice Reille, Patrick Rioual, Nicolas Thouveny, Daniel Veres, Linda Ampel, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Barbara Wohlfarth, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, University of Utah, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leydet, Michelle
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2010
20. Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks
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Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Kari Loe Hjelle, Paul A. Miller, Anna-Kari Trondman, Leif Björkman, Laimdota Kalnina, H. von Stedingk, Ulf Segerström, Thomas Hickler, Benjamin Smith, SM Peglar, Mats Rundgren, Ulla Kokfelt, Ralph Fyfe, Per Lagerås, Gustav Strandberg, Heikki Seppä, Harry John Betteley Birks, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Bent Vad Odgaard, Anne E. Bjune, Matts Lindbladh, L. Balakauskas, Michelle Leydet, Anna Broström, Florence Mazier, Carsten Lemmen, W.O. van der Knaap, Marie-José Gaillard, Jörgen Olofsson, Lena Barnekow, Anneli Poska, Tiiu Koff, Shinya Sugita, Jutta Lechterbeck, Mihkel Kangur, Jed O. Kaplan, Petr Kuneš, Teija Alenius, Erik Kjellström, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University-Tallinn University, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kalmar-University of Kalmar, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], ARVE Group, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Institute of Earth Science, Institute of Earth Sciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute for Coastel Research, Institute for Coastel research (GKSS), Institute for Coastel research-Institute for Coastel research, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Cultural Research, Department of Geology and Mineralogy [Vilnius], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Department of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria, Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria-Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria, Bergen Museum (UiB), Faculty of Geography and Earth sciences, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences [Riga], University of Latvia (LU)-University of Latvia (LU), Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern-University of Bern, Swedish National Heritage Board, Swedish National Heritage Board-Swedish National Heritage Board, Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeology, University of Gdańsk (UG)-University of Gdańsk (UG), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Landesamt fur Denkmalpfege, Landesamt fur Denkmalpfege-Landesamt fur Denkmalpfege, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest ecology and Management, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Department of Geology, P.O. Box 64, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Philosophy, History and Art Studies, Department of Geosciences and Geography, and Archaeology
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Stratigraphy ,REGIONAL VEGETATION ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural land ,Abundance (ecology) ,ddc:551 ,new project LANDCLIM ,ddc:550 ,land-cover change ,lcsh:TD169-171.8 ,GLACIAL-MAXIMUM ,Holocene ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Climatology ,Global and Planetary Change ,SOUTHERN SWEDEN ,Geology ,Last Glacial Maximum ,Vegetation ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,POLLEN-REPRESENTATION ,LANDCLIM ,lcsh:TD172-193.5 ,Geologi ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,CARBON-CYCLE ,land cover-climate feedbacks ,010506 paleontology ,117 Geography, Environmental sciences ,lcsh:Environmental protection ,education ,Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap ,Land cover ,Land cover change ,lcsh:Environmental pollution ,REVEALS ,SIMULATION APPROACH ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,EUROPEAN CLIMATE ,Paleontology ,15. Life on land ,QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION ,PAST VEGETATION ,NW Europe ,TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ,Earth sciences ,13. Climate action ,Paleoecology ,Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences - Abstract
The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cover from pollen data, (3) to present a new project (LANDCLIM: LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) currently underway, and show preliminary results of REVEALS reconstructions of the regional land-cover in the Czech Republic for five selected time windows of the Holocene, and (4) to discuss the implications and future directions in climate and vegetation/land-cover modeling, and in the assessment of the effects of human-induced changes in land-cover on the regional climate through altered feedbacks. The existing ALCC scenarios show large discrepancies between them, and few cover time periods older than AD 800. When these scenarios are used to assess the impact of human land-use on climate, contrasting results are obtained. It emphasizes the need for methods such as the REVEALS model-based land-cover reconstructions. They might help to fine-tune descriptions of past land-cover and lead to a better understanding of how long-term changes in ALCC might have influenced climate. The REVEALS model is demonstrated to provide better estimates of the regional vegetation/landcover changes than the traditional use of pollen percentages. This will achieve a robust assessment of land cover at regional- to continental-spatial scale throughout the Holocene. We present maps of REVEALS estimates for the percentage cover of 10 plant functional types (PFTs) at 200 BP and 6000 BP, and of the two open-land PFTs “grassland” and “agricultural land” at five time-windows from 6000 BP to recent time. The LANDCLIM results are expected to provide crucial data to reassess ALCC estimates for a better understanding of the land suface-atmosphere interactions. NordForsk LANDCLIM VR LANDCLIM MERGE
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- 2010
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21. Organisation et dynamique des écosystèmes pendant les glaciations récentes du Quaternaire dans les régions médio-européennes et méditerranéennes
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Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Soumaya Belmecheri, Svante Björck, Simon Brewer, Jacques Brulhet, Coste, G., Emmanuel Gandouin, Frédéric Guiter, Didier Kéravis, George Kukla, Elisabeth Lallier-Vergès, Michelle Leydet, Gérard Nicoud, Frank Preusser, Maurice Reille, Patrick Rioual, Nicolas Thouveny, Daniel Veres, Linda Ampel, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Barbara Wohlfarth, Leydet, Michelle, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Utah, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2010
22. The European Pollen Database: past efforts and current activities
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Pavel E. Tarasov, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Petr Kuneš, Heather Binney, André F. Lotter, Thomas Giesecke, Walter Finsinger, Marie-José Gaillard, Eric C. Grimm, Ralph Fyfe, Norbert Kühl, Spassimir Tonkov, Anne Le Flao, Graciela Gil-Romera, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Simon Brewer, Brian Huntley, Michelle Leydet, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Palaeoecology Laboratory, University of Southampton-University of Southampton, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Utrecht University Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Freie Universität Berlin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Group method of data handling ,Computer science ,Earth Sciences ,Archaeology ,Anthropology ,Climate Change ,Biogeosciences ,Paleontology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate change ,Plant Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Task (project management) ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,Pollen ,medicine ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Pollen count ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,database ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Palynology ,Palaeontology ,EPD ,European Pollen Database ,Data accuracy ,Data archive ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Data science ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Europe ,pollen analysis ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
Pollen stratigraphies are the most spatially extensive data available for the reconstruction of past land-cover change. Detailed knowledge of past land-cover is becoming increasingly important to evaluate the present trends in, and drivers of, vegetation composition. The European Pollen Database (EPD) was established in the late 1980s and developed in the early 1990s to provide a structure for archiving, exchanging, and analysing Quaternary pollen data from Europe. It provides a forum for scientists to meet and engage in collaborative investigations or data analysis. In May 2007 several EPD support groups were developed to assist in the task of maintaining and updating the database. The mapping and data accuracy work group (MADCAP) aims to produce an atlas of past plant distributions as detected by pollen analyses in Europe, in order to meet the growing need for this data from palaeoecologists and the wider scientific community. Due to data handling problems in the past, a significant number of EPD datasets have errors. The initial task of the work group, therefore, was a systematic review of pollen sequences, in order to identify and correct errors. The EPD currently (January 2009) archives 1,032 pollen sequences, of which 668 have age-depth models that allow chronological comparison. Many errors have been identified and corrected, or flagged for users, most notably errors in the pollen count data. The application of spatial analyses to pollen data is related to the number of data points that are available for analysis. We therefore take this opportunity to encourage the submission of pollen analytical results to the EPD or other relevant pollen databases. Only in this way will the scientific community be able to gain a better understanding of past vegetation dynamics. peerReviewed
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- 2009
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23. Vegetation and climate changes in the French Alps for the last 140 000 yr
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Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Soumaya Belmecheri, Simon Brewer, Jacques Brulhet, Emmanuel Gandouin, Frédéric Guiter, George Kukla, Elisabeth Lallier-Vergès, Michelle Leydet, Anson Mackay, David Morley, Gérard Nicoud, Philippe Ponel, Frank Preusser, Maurice Reille, Patrick Rioual, Nicolas Thouveny, Daniel Veres, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Utah, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, and Leydet, Michelle
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2009
24. Réponse des écosystèmes ouest-européens aux fluctuations rapides du climat (Heinrich et Dansggard-Oeschger) pendant le glaciaire wurmien (OIS 4 à OIS 2)
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Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Linda Ampel, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Soumaya Belmecheri, Svante Björck, Simon Brewer, Jacques Brulhet, Coste, G., Emmanuel Gandouin, Frédéric Guiter, Didier Kéravis, George Kukla, Elisabeth Lallier-Vergès, Michelle Leydet, Anson Mackay, David Morley, Gérard Nicoud, Philippe Ponel, Frank Preusser, Maurice Reille, Patrick Rioual, Nicolas Thouveny, Daniel Veres, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Barbara Wohlfarth, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, University of Utah, Leydet, Michelle, and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2008
25. Response of the Western-European ecosystems to rapid climatic fluctuations (Heinrich and Dansggard-Oeschger) during glacial times (OIS 4 to OIS 2)
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Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Linda Ampel, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Soumaya Belmecheri, Svante Björck, Simon Brewer, Jacques Brulhet, Coste, G., Emmanuel Gandouin, Frédéric Guiter, Didier Kéravis, George Kukla, Elisabeth Lallier-Vergès, Michelle Leydet, Anson Mackay, David Morley, Gérard Nicoud, Philippe Ponel, Frank Preusser, Maurice Reille, Patrick Rioual, Nicolas Thouveny, Daniel Veres, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Leydet, Michelle, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, University of Utah, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2008
26. Erratum to: The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project
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Simon Brewer, Basil A. S. Davis, Joel Guiot, H. John B. Birks, Silvia M. Peglar, Piotr Kołaczek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Heikki Seppä, Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen, Simon Connor, Bent Vad Odgaard, Michelle Leydet, Stephen Juggins, Vivika Meltsov, Anna Maria Mercuri, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Alexandra Barthelmes, Johan Bakker, Jed O. Kaplan, Spassimir Tonkov, Michael J. Grant, Didier Galop, Susanne Jahns, Elena Novenko, Celia Beaudouin, Marcelina Zimny, Siim Veski, Ralph Fyfe, Anne E. Bjune, Kevin J. Edwards, Patricia L. Fall, Heather S. Pardoe, Laura Sadori, Mette Venås Overballe-Petersen, Pim van der Knaap, Helen Shaw, Jesse L. Morris, Achille Mauri, Marco Zanon, Elena Ortu, Petr Kuneš, Jane Bunting, Barbara A. Brayshay, Yannick Miras, Vlasta Jankovská, Marco Giardini, Florence Mazier, Martin Theuerkauf, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Fraser J.G. Mitchell, Elena G. Lapteva, José Antonio López Sáez, Thomas Giesecke, Jessie Woodbridge, Alessia Masi, Ana Ejarque, Doris Barboni, Isabelle Matthias, Elissaveta Bozilova, Assunta Florenzano, Marina Kahrmann, Norbert Kühl, Filipa Naughton, Pamella Collins, and Elena Severova
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,History ,Paleontology ,Climate change ,610 Medicine & health ,Plant Science ,580 Plants (Botany) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Genealogy ,Pollen ,medicine ,Biogeosciences ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Unfortunately, the list of authors contains a number of duplications, omissions and other errors in the original publication of the article. The correct list appears in this erratum.
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- 2013
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27. The European Pollen Database: past efforts and current activities.
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Ralph Fyfe, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Heather Binney, Richard Bradshaw, Simon Brewer, Anne Le Flao, Walter Finsinger, Marie-José Gaillard, Eric Grimm, Brian Huntley, Petr Kunes, Norbert Kühl, Michelle Leydet, André Lotter, Pavel Tarasov, and Spassimir Tonkov
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PALYNOLOGY ,GROUND vegetation cover ,DATABASES ,VEGETATION dynamics ,CARTOGRAPHY ,SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) ,ERRORS - Abstract
Abstract Pollen stratigraphies are the most spatially extensive data available for the reconstruction of past land-cover change. Detailed knowledge of past land-cover is becoming increasingly important to evaluate the present trends in, and drivers of, vegetation composition. The European Pollen Database (EPD) was established in the late 1980s and developed in the early 1990s to provide a structure for archiving, exchanging, and analysing Quaternary pollen data from Europe. It provides a forum for scientists to meet and engage in collaborative investigations or data analysis. In May 2007 several EPD support groups were developed to assist in the task of maintaining and updating the database. The mapping and data accuracy work group (MADCAP) aims to produce an atlas of past plant distributions as detected by pollen analyses in Europe, in order to meet the growing need for this data from palaeoecologists and the wider scientific community. Due to data handling problems in the past, a significant number of EPD datasets have errors. The initial task of the work group, therefore, was a systematic review of pollen sequences, in order to identify and correct errors. The EPD currently (January 2009) archives 1,032 pollen sequences, of which 668 have age-depth models that allow chronological comparison. Many errors have been identified and corrected, or flagged for users, most notably errors in the pollen count data. The application of spatial analyses to pollen data is related to the number of data points that are available for analysis. We therefore take this opportunity to encourage the submission of pollen analytical results to the EPD or other relevant pollen databases. Only in this way will the scientific community be able to gain a better understanding of past vegetation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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28. Holocene history of Lac des Lauzons (2180 m a.s.l.), reconstructed from multiproxy analyses of Coleoptera, plant macroremains and pollen (Hautes-Alpes, France)
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Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Emmanuel Gandouin, Michelle Leydet, Alexandre Buttler, Morteza Djamali, Frédéric Guiter, Philippe Ponel, Monika Badura, Mona Court-Picon, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chrono-écologie - CNRS (UMR6565) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk Poland, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Switzerland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
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treeline ,010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Peat ,Environments ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,medicine.disease_cause ,Paleoenvironments ,01 natural sciences ,High-Altitude ,Swiss Alps ,Altitude ,Pollen ,medicine ,Stadial ,plant macro-remains ,French Alps ,Merveilles ,climate ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Netherlands ,Global and Planetary Change ,Vegetation ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Macrofossil ,fossil Coleoptera ,15. Life on land ,Spectra ,Timberline ,pollen ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Period (geology) ,human action ,Geology - Abstract
International audience; A 1.70 m core extracted from the Lac des Lauzons, Haut Champsaur, French Alps, at 2180 m altitude, provided a detailed Holocene record of beetles, pollen and plant macrofossils, enabling the reconstruction of local palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 10 000 years. After an early phase of colonization by plants and insects, corresponding to the Lateglacial interstadial, a long phase of relative stability of the ecosystems (at least in the vicinity of the lake) is recorded. Strikingly, there is no evidence from beetle and plant macrofossils that the treeline reached the altitude of Lauzons during the Holocene climate optimum, although this period is characterized by major forest expansion in many high-altitude sites in the southern French Alps. The uppermost part of the record is blurred by the infilling of the lake, progressively turning into a peat bog. This sequence also provides an opportunity to compare the records of coprophilous fungal spores and coprophilous beetles and to improve the interpretation of these proxies in terms of their significance as proxies for pastoralism.
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- View/download PDF
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