Search

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Como parte de um amplo projeto de divulgação e popularização da Ciência Micológica da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, apoiado pelo CNPq/MCTI no ensejo da XIX Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, foi realizado um evento de imersão no universo dos fungos, na cidade turística de Pirenópolis, estado de Goiás. O evento foi promovido pela equipe do espaço FungiPop/UEG e reuniu um conjunto de atividades, presenciais e remotas, que envolveram diferentes estratégias de popularização da ciência, tais como exposições, palestras, oficinas, teatro, jogos, vivências, vídeos, concurso de produções artísticas, entre outras. Aqui, relatamos com detalhes essas atividades, impactos e efeitos multiplicadores.

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La mucormicosis es una infección fúngica poco frecuente causada por hongos del orden Mucorales, la cual se presenta en individuos inmunocomprometidos o con pérdida de la integridad de la barrera de piel o mucosas. Se reportan cuatro casos de mucormicosis rinocerebral atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de Cali (Colombia) durante un periodo de tres años. Los cuatro pacientes presentaron diferentes cuadros clínicos y tiempos de evolución. Todos tenían diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, de novo o previo, con una hemoglobina glucosilada de ingreso mayor del 10 % y en todos se descartaron otras enfermedades que explicaran su compromiso inmunitario. La mucormicosis se diagnosticó por la visualización directa de hifas hialinas sincitiales (coenocytic) en las biopsias tomadas. El pilar del tratamiento fue la anfotericina B liposómica junto con el desbridamiento quirúrgico. Dos pacientes presentaron coinfección bacteriana. De los cuatro, uno firmó su egreso voluntario sin completar el tratamiento y otro falleció. Los dos pacientes restantes han asistido a los controles y han mostrado una adecuada evolución.

As part of a broad project for the dissemination and popularization of Mycological Science at the State University of Goiás, supported by CNPq/MCTI on the occasion of the XIX National Week of Science and Technology, an immersion event in the universe of fungi was held in the tourist city of Pirenópolis, State of Goiás. The event was promoted by the FungiPop/UEG space team and brought together a series of activities, both in person and remote, involving different strategies of science popularization, such as exhibitions, lectures, workshops, theater, games, experiences, videos, artistic production competition, among others. Here we report in detail on these activities, their impact, and their multiplier effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic systemic mycosis in Latin America. The causal agent is Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, which after being inhaled as microconidia turns into yeast when entering the human body. It is found on land, in plant debris, and can be isolated from the guano of bats and some birds. Its prevalence has increased due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs and the increasing cases of HIV. In immunocompetent hosts, the infection may be asymptomatic and self-limited. The most common manifestation is acute pulmonary infection. However, immunosuppressed or extremely aged patients can have a wide variety of clinical presentations and extrapulmonary involvement. Its clinical manifestations are diverse, including acute, subacute, and chronic forms, with varying degrees of severity. CLINICAL CASES: We present two clinical cases, one in an immunocompromised patient with HIV who debuted with a nasal ulcer and another immunocompetent patient with oral lesions; we discuss the main points to consider in this disease. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize the importance of having present this disease even in immunocompetent patients, in whom, despite being infrequent, mucocutaneous lesions may appear due to this infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. La tiña de la cabeza es una micosis que se presenta en el tejido queratinizado, afecta al cuero cabelludo y puede causar alopecia, prurito y descamación. Este tipo de micosis es más frecuente en niños de edad escolar, por lo que puede desencadenar un problema de salud pública. En Colombia, los principales agentes etiológicos reportados son los dermatofitos zoofílicos. Objetivo. En el presente estudio se buscó caracterizar un brote de tinea capitis en 32 niños de un colegio de la zona rural del departamento del Cauca. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación epidemiológica de campo en la que se aplicó una encuesta estructurada para caracterizar aspectos sociodemográficos y factores predisponentes para su ocurrencia. Se recolectaron muestras de escamas de cuero cabelludo y cabellos afectados para estudios micológicos. Finalmente, por medio de la Secretaría Departamental del Cauca y del hospital local, se manejó el brote de tinea capitis y se hicieron recomendaciones a los niños, los padres de familia y la población en general para prevenir estas micosis. Este estudio contó con el consentimiento informado verbal por parte de los padres de familia y los niños. Resultados. El agente etiológico aislado en el 63 % de las muestras recolectadas fue Trichophyton tonsurans y el principal factor predisponente para esta micosis fue compartir máquinas rasuradoras (87,5 %). El agente etiológico de este brote de tinea capitis no inflamatoria fue un dermatofito antropofílico.

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Candida tropicalis is a frequent agent of candidemia in Brazilian hospitals, being the second most commonly isolated species. Infection by this agent can occur in patients of all ages, but it affects adult and elderly patients more frequently. Candidemias are related to animals. Consequently, drugs that affect fungal cells can also affect human cells, making it difficult to treat fungal infections. The increase in resistance to antifungals alerts to the need to expand strategies that prevent their dispersion among fungi, as has already happened with bacteria, which are found to be distributed and out of control. Therefore, new forms of studies on therapeutic alternatives are necessary, herbal medicines can be used as a new treatment option. Objective: to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chloroform phase of Raphiodon echinus on Candida tropicalis strains. Metho-dology: the method of determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used on the broth microdilution technique. Results: a MIC50 of 256 µg/mL was obtained for the fungus strains. Conclusion: in this way, it is possible to observe the possible use of this substance for further treatment of diseases caused by Candida tropicalis yeasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to isolate endophilic fungi from plant tissues (leaves, stems and roots) of beans, in addition to identifying them at the genus level. The experiment was conducted at IDRLondrina. Bean samples were collected at the Londrina Research Station and at UENP-Bandeirantes. The leaves, stems and roots were separated, fragments of 5 mm diameter were cut and disinfested. They were later transferred to BDA culture medium. The plates were incubated at room temperature for seven days for growth of the microorganisms present. The presence and absence, colonization rate (TC) for each tissue and gender identification of fungi were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five replications. Forty-eight endophilic isolates were found, 13 in root, 17 in stem and 18 in leaf. CT ranged from 17-100% (leaf), 17-83% (stem) and 16-100% (root). The genus Alternaria sp. and Cladosporium sp. have greater specificity with the leaf and stem, Penicillium sp. root and stem. The genera Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. are found in all organs, Curvularia sp., Nigrospora sp. and Thichoderma sp. demonstrated leaf specificity, Macrophomina sp. the root, and Colletotrichum sp. to the stem. Thus, the identified fungi present potential for future studies in their application in the biocontrol of various plant diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O PISA (2018) demonstrou que 55% dos estudantes brasileiros estão com um baixo rendimento em Ciências, evidenciando a necessidade de introduzir novas metodologias com vistas em ressignificar o ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina. Foi, então, proposta a construção de um livreto sobre o Controle Biológico de pragas pelos estudantes, temática que parte da realidade dos sujeitos. O objetivo foi construir conhecimento a partir da produção textual e ilustrativa sobre o tema, considerando o desenvolvimento dos indicadores de Alfabetização Científica: escrever em ciências, criar, articular ideias e problematizar. Foram realizados: levantamento bibliográfico; socialização; produção textual e ilustrativa em dupla; correção; produção textual e ilustrativa (segunda versão); organização e montagem do livreto para leitura complementar ao Livro Didático. Os estudantes demonstraram apropriação do conhecimento a partir das produções, corroborando que práticas de escrita e produção ilustrativa são favoráveis na disciplina de Ciências, sendo isto intensificado pela relação do conhecimento científico com conhecimento cotidiano.

Habitat fragmentation, the edge effect, geographic isolation, and agricultural and livestock pressure are some of the threats faced by many Mediterranean ecosystems. As an example of this, El Monte of Villoria, where three areas with a predominance of different species of the Quercus genus (holm oak, holm oak and Pyrenean oak, and cork oak) have been studied. The macrofungal diversity of this forest has been studied to examine the health status of these fragmented ecosystems, obtaining values lower than those indicating an acceptable status of conservation. A total of 186 taxa have been registered distributed in different study plots, whose distribution was conditioned by the different dominant tree species in each of these plots, reaching a higher alpha diversity in the cork oak plot and lower in the holm oak plot and in the holm and Pyrenean oak plot. The high proportion of saprophytic species indicates that the conservation status of the plots is not optimal. However, El Monte de Villoria acts as a refuge for biodiversity in an area of high intervention of the natural environment and its conservation should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ethnomycology is a branch of ethnoknowledge that describes the interaction between fungi and traditional communities over time. This study presents a scientometric analysis of global scientific production about Ethnomycology, based on a survey of articles indexed in Web of Science Core Collection database, between 1991 and 2019. The temporal distribution of the 173 articles obtained, showed a significant increase in over the years, indicating a growing interest in Ethnomycology by the scientific community. The most frequent journals were Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (18%) and Economic Botany (12%), and the principal authors were Luczaj, L (1.7%), Garibay-Orijel, R (1.5%), Estrada-Torres, A and Pieroni, A (both with 1.3%). The most studied locations involve indigenous communities and are in Mexico (22%), followed by India (9%) and China (7%), and over half of the institutions where the research was conducted were also Mexican. The primary focus of the studies was the purpose of fungal use (37%), the most frequently reported being as food (50%) and medicine (32%). Of the 838 species mentioned, the most prominent were Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (3.7%), Boletus edulis Bull. (3.3%) and Agaricus campestris sensu Cooke (2.6%), all edible. The data showed that the ethnomycological knowledge available is strongly concentrated in Mexico, and the primary focus of use of fungi is as food. The main trends point to Ethnomycology as a young Science, but of growing interest, whose ethnomycological knowledge is concentrated in Mexico and in indigenous communities, with focus in use of fungi as food. However, the major gaps demonstrate the need for further ethnomycological studies involving other traditional communities, which not only indigenous, and other regions around the world, which could reveal new relationships between humans and fungi, thereby contributing to the conservation of global mycodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa isolar e identificar leveduras da cavidade oral e traqueia de aves de rapina. Para este estudo, utilizaram-se 17 aves de rapina (três carcarás (Caracara plancus), 11 gaviões-carijós (Rupornis magnirostris), 1 coruja-das-torres (Tyto furcata) e duas corujas-orelhuda (Rhinoptynx clamator). As amostras foram colhidas da cavidade oral e traqueia com auxílio de swabs estéreis. Foram cultivadas 34 amostras em ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol (100 mg/L) e incubadas em aerobiose à temperatura ambiente por um período mínimo de sete dias e máximo de 15 dias, sendo observadas diariamente. Foram isolados 14 (93,3%) amostras de leveduras da cavidade oral e apenas uma (6,7%) da traqueia. Dos 15 isolados, 14 (93,3%) foram obtidos de amostras de gavião-carijós (Rupornis magnirostris) e uma (6,67%) em carcará (Caracara plancus). As espécies identificadas foram: Candida albicans (13,3%), C. parapsilosis (20%), C. tropicallis (26,7%), C. magnoliae (6,78%), Candida sp. (13,3%) e Trichosporon cutaneum (20%). O isolamento e identificação de leveduras em aves de rapina é epidemiologicamente importante para uma melhor compreensão dos processos patológicos na cavidade oral e na traqueia das espécies estudadas, uma vez que seu conhecimento permite adoção de medidas para a prevenção de doenças causadas por esses agentes oportunistas.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo es el resultado de un análisis de requerimientos, diseño e implementación de un sistema de Instrucción Asistida por Computadora que sirva de apoyo para la enseñanza de conceptos básicos relacionados con los hongos (tales como: etimología, diversidad, características, entre otros), utilizando la metodología en espiral para su desarrollo. Con la finalidad de fomentar el aprendizaje, el sistema toma en cuenta el canal de aprendizaje del usuario adaptando la presentación de las actividades, brindando retroalimentación y guardando el avance del estudiante. Por último, mediante las técnicas de caja blanca y caja negra se buscaron fallas en el sistema, se realizaron 20 de cada prueba mencionada; durante las primeras 15 pruebas de cada técnica, se encontraron fallos, los cuales fueron reparados y las restantes fueron de control.

Fungi of the genus Rhodotorula have the capacity to cause the development of infections, especially in immunosuppressed patients and can lead to death. This study aimed to make a systematic review of the Rhodotorula sp. in a hospital environment, focusing hands of health professionals, surfaces of objects present in hospitals and the air. The bibliographic survey was carried out in the databases Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed, Science Direct and Periodical Capes, of articles published between the years 2000 to 2017. In the literature review, 3164 publications were retrieved, of which 56 had their texts fully evaluated and only 7 were selected to compose the results. The prevalence of Rhodotorula sp. in the different studies ranged from 3.3% to 23.7%, where 1170 samples were contaminated by fungi, of which the genus Rhodotorula was found in 71 samples (6.1%), where 13% = 9) were detected on surfaces of objects and equipment, 14% (n = 10) were found in the hands of health professionals and 73% (n = 52) in the air. In this way, it is necessary that more strict measures of cleaning are adopted by the hospitals in order to diminish the presence of these microorganisms and to prevent the development of infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach to the mycological catalogue of the Dehesa of Somosierra, in the northeast corner of the Community of Madrid, has been carried out. The expeditions were accomplished from April 2013 to October 2015. A total of 96 species were identified belonging to 45 families and 18 orders. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the species as Hyalorbilia inflatula, Panellus serotinus and Vibrissea filisporia f. boudieri have been cited in the Community of Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: This report describes the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of a pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. A goat with a history of prolonged transportation presented dyspnea, nasal discharge and cough, and was subjected to necropsy, histopathology, and mycological evaluation. Grossly, cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation was observed, characterized by firm and grayish areas interspersed with dark red foci. Histopathology of the lungs showed areas of parenchymal necrosis, containing blastoconidia with a slightly basophilic central cell, surrounded by an unstained capsule. It was associated with moderate granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate and peripheral fibrosis. The capsule and fungus cell exhibited marked Alcian Blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining, respectively. Diagnosis of fungal pneumonia by C. neoformans was based on clinical, pathological, and molecular findings.

La relevancia práctica y simbólica que poseen los macrohongos en las distintas culturas se aprecia en elementos del arte tradicional, la mitología o la cultura material y en la diversidad de aplicaciones que poseen; constituyen además una importante fuente de ingresos y alimento para numerosas familias a nivel mundial. En Argentina, y particularmente en Córdoba, los datos etnomicológicos disponibles son escasos y fragmentarios. Para contribuir a revertir esta situación, se realizó una investigación etnomicológica con campesinos criollos de los poblados cordobeses de La Paz y Loma Bola. Se trabajó con un enfoque cualitativo; los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas abiertas, recorridos por el entorno con recolección de material de referencia y observación participante. Se estudiaron 32 especies fúngicas, de las cuales 12 poseen algún uso práctico y 11 algún grado de toxicidad, según los entrevistados. Se describen y analizan pormenores de conocimientos y usos de especies medicinales, ornamentales, tintóreas, alimenticias y veterinarias. Los saberes vernáculos permiten a la gente discernir entre especies tóxicas y alimenticias con certeza. El análisis de los resultados indica que los hongos son relevantes para los campesinos y resaltan la necesidad e importancia de la conservación y recuperación del bosque chaqueño serrano cordobés.

Chromomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis or deep of chronic course, caused by a group of dematiaceous fungus, and it is characterized by the formation of warty skin nodules primarily located in areas exposed upper and lower limbs. It is presented a male patient of 49 years old with actinic white skin, of truck driver profession in community service, that since 2010 had injury to the back of his left hand, it was made a mycological examination with grow and isolated the Warty Phialophora; later, the injury was extended to the entire hand, forearm and inner side of the left arm. He was entered in the "Arnaldo Milian Castro" Surgical Hospital where he underwent antifungal treatment with amphotericin B endovenous, previously with Ketoconazole and Fluconazole, and finally surgical treatment with excision and local flaps and free skin grafts; his evolution was very favorable and he is in physical therapy and rehabilitation.

This report describes the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of a pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. A goat with a history of prolonged transportation presented dyspnea, nasal discharge and cough, and was subjected to necropsy, histopathology, and mycological evaluation. Grossly, cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation was observed, characterized by firm and grayish areas interspersed with dark red foci. Histopathology of the lungs showed areas of parenchymal necrosis, containing blastoconidia with a slightly basophilic central cell, surrounded by an unstained capsule. It was associated with moderate granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate and peripheral fibrosis. The capsule and fungus cell exhibited marked Alcian Blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining, respectively. Diagnosis of fungal pneumonia by C. neoformans was based on clinical, pathological, and molecular findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Alternaria is composed of filamentous, dematiaceous, saprophytic and pathogenic fungal species, being responsible for great economic losses during the harvest and food storage. The present study aimed to do a bibliographical survey about the main foods contaminated by Alternaria spp. as well as discuss possible health risks arising from cell damage caused by mycotoxins. It is a literature narrative type review, carried out using Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and Science Direct databases, utilizing documents published between years 2000 and 2017 approaching food contamination by Alternaria spp. A wide diversity of foods contaminated by species of the genus Alternaria was found in literature, with a greater emphasis on cereals, fruits and vegetables. This possible contamination may favor the development of mycotoxins that in their great majority present genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and teratogenic action. However, due to a large variety of contaminated foods, that is a necessity to adapt Brazilian legislation regarding parameters that impose limits on the amount of mycotoxins produced by Alternaria spp. since the national legislation does not encompass limits for all types of toxins that this genus is capable of producing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cientifica is the property of Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Extensao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Useful and toxic fungi according to the "yuyeros" of La Paz and Loma Bola (Valle de Traslasierra, Córdoba, Argentina). The importance of macrofungi -in both, practical and symbolic termsamong the different cultures can be appreciated in elements of their traditional art, mythology or material culture, and in the diversity of uses that they have; besides, they constitute an important source of monetary income and food for many families all over the world. In Argentina, and particularly in the province of Córdoba, published ethnomycological data are scarce and fragmentary. In order to contribute to reverse this situation, a qualitative ethnomycological research was carried out among Criollo peasants of the towns of La Paz and Loma Bola (Córdoba). Data were obtained through open interviews, the "walks-through-the-environment" technique, gathering of fungi and participant observation. Thirty one species were studied; 12 of them are used for one or more purposes, and 10 have some level of toxicity, according to the interviewees. A detailed description and analysis of the knowledge and uses of medicinal, ornamental, veterinary, dyeing and food species is presented. Vernacular knowledge allows people to discern among toxic and food species. The analysis of the results suggests that fungi are relevant for local peasants, and highlight the necessity and importance of the recovery and conservation of native forests of Córdoba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Araçá Bay, located in the city of São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil, is a protected area of substantial complexity. It represents the last remaining mangrove swamp preserve between the cities of Bertioga and Ubatuba on the northern coast of São Paulo State. This mangrove swamp has specific physical and chemical properties, and it shelters a wide variety of life, including fungi. These microorganisms are present in a variety of species with different morphophysiological features, and they have the ability to produce enzymes of biotechnological importance. The goal of this study was to quantify, isolate, and identify filamentous fungi in water and sediment samples from the Araçá Bay mangrove swamp in São Sebastião. Two samplings were performed in the summer and two were performed in the winter. The samples were collected from intertidal zones, and dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH were measured in situ. The spread plate technique was used to inoculate the samples collected on plates with a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. A total of 208 colonies (68 from water samples and 140 from sediment samples) were isolated, and they were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Filamentous fungus density was higher in the sediment than in the water, and the samplings performed in the winter revealed a higher density than those performed in the summer. Though some of the environmental parameters were not ideal for fungal development, a high quantity of growth was nevertheless observed. When the isolated colonies were analyzed, the greatest diversity and species richness were found in the summer samples. The genera identified in all of the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The pathogenic species found from these genera were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, and P. chrysogenum. These species are also able to produce enzymes that offer a variety of applications. The fungal community described herein represents the diversity found in this mangrove swamp during the period studied. Many of the fungus species found are pathogenic and may be useful due to their ability to produce specific enzymes applicable in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The seed-born fungi can be transmitted to long distances, for the transport of the same, in addition to harming seed viability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the occurring fungi on common bean 'Red mexican' seed and evaluate its effect in the development of normal seedlings. Therefore, stored bean seeds 'Red mexican' were submitted to blotter test in four different dates. The design was completely randomized (CRD) and each assessed data had eight replicates. Each experimental unit (repetition) consisted in a Gerbox containing 25 seeds. The fungi incidence and development of normal seedlings were evaluated at 5 and 7 days, respectively. It was verified a larger incidence for Aspergillus sp. (19% to 57%) when compared to Cladosporium cladosporioides (11% to 29%). The incidence of the fungi Aspergillus sp. and C. cladosporioides did not interfere in the percentage of normal seedlings, due to the escape mechanism of the seedlings to pathogens during the germination process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Montes is the property of Colegio y Asociación de Ingenieros de Montes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the state of art of the mycology in Argentina is highlighted, with the purpose of reviewing the advances that allowed positioning this discipline worldwide. It reviews the main areas of research, laboratories recognized, and the researchers for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are encapsulated basidiomycetous yeasts with worldwide distribution. They cause cryptococcosis with features of systemic infection, affecting the central nervous system, lungs and skin in humans and animals. These fungi present numerous virulence factors that allow them to invade the host and multiply, among which extracellular enzyme capacity and microbial adaptation to different temperatures are worth mentioning. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the production of protease and investigate possible differences in thermotolerance and urease activity in clinical and environmental yeast isolates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Culture methods and Pz analysis were applied to assess urease and protease, whereas the optical density method was used to analyze biological activity in thermotolerance. RESULTS: There was no significant results as to microbial growth at the tested temperatures (25º, 37º and 42ºC). It was observed that clinical specimens grew better than environmental ones at elevated temperatures. As to C. neoformans, the moderate production of urease enzyme prevailed in both clinical and environmental isolates within 24h or 48h. Moreover, there was significant production on the seventh day of reading. The best reading time for viewing protease production in both isolates and species was the seventh day: 96% clinical samples and 94% environmental isolates. CONCLUSION: Further studies are required in order to investigate the virulence factors of C. neoformans and C. gattii cerebrospinal isolates from patients with meningoencephalitis and environmental samples from Sergipe. Furthermore, a higher technical accuracy and statistical precision are indispensable.

The overall objective of this research was to understand the events that made possible the creation, diffusion and appropriation of medical mycology in Colombia between 1930 and 1970. It was based on the review of scientific journals and theses in different libraries, archives and documentation centers in Medellin and Bogota. The report includes the different problems faced by physicians and laboratory personnel concerning the classification of fungi, the relationship between dermatology and mycology, the development of the study of systemic mycoses and the role played by some persons in the institutionalization of medical mycology.