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Background Recently, the oral oncobacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), has been linked with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we aim to investigate whether Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) can alleviate UC by restoring gut microbiota and eliminating oral-derived F. nucleatum and virulence factor fadA. Method C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a healthy control group (HC), Dextran Sulfate Sodium group (DSS), oral inoculation group (OR), upper FMT group (UFMT), and lower FMT group (LFMT). Disease activity index, body weight, survival rate, and histopathological scores were used to measure the severity of colitis. The function of the intestinal mucosal barrier was evaluated by performing immunohistochemical staining of the tight junction protein Occludin. Real-time PCR was used to assess the relative abundance of the nusG gene and the virulence gene fadA. Cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. Full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to analyze the changes and composition of gut microbiota. Findings Oral incubation of F. nucleatum further exacerbated the severity of colitis and gut dysbiosis. Peptostreptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Escherichia coli were significantly enriched in OR mice. However, LFMT mice showed an obvious decrease in disease activity and were more effective in restoring gut microbiota and eliminating F. nucleatum than UFMT mice. Bacteroidota, Lachnospiraceae, and Prevotellaceae were mainly enriched bacteria in LFMT mice. In addition, Genera such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Bacteroidales were found negative correlation with TNF-[alpha], IL-1[beta], and IL-6. Genera like Romboutsia, Escherichia Shigella, Enterococcus, and Clostridium were found positively correlated with TNF-[alpha], IL-1[beta], and IL-6. Conclusions Oral incubation of F. nucleatum further exacerbates the severity and dysbiosis in DSS-induced colitis mice. Besides, lower tract FMT can ameliorate colitis by restoring the gut microbiota diversity and eliminating F. nucleatum and virulence factor fadA. Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, Oral pathogenic bacteria, DSS-induced colitis, Fecal microbiota transplantation, 16S rRNA sequencing, Author(s): Dong-Hao Li[sup.1], Zong-Wei Li[sup.1], Qi Sun[sup.1], Lei Wang[sup.1] and Shou-Bin Ning[sup.1] Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, multifactorial, and non-specific inflammatory condition of the colon and rectum, with [...]

Background Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots, gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. Currently, most studies have investigated intestinal microbiota through fecal microbiota, and there are few reports about mucosa-associated microbiota. It remains valuable to search for the key intestinal microbiota or abnormal metabolic pathways linked to PJS. Aim This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with PJS and to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota disorders and metabolite changes on PJS. Methods The bacterial composition was analyzed in 13 PJS patients and 12 controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for bacteria. Differential analyses of the intestinal microbiota were performed from the phylum to species level. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the differentially abundant metabolites of PJS patients and controls to identify different metabolites and metabolic biomarkers of small intestinal mucosa samples. Results High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the mucosa microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls. The abundance of intestinal mucosal microflora was significantly lower than that of fecal microflora. In addition, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and other pathways were significantly different from those of controls, which were associated with the development of the enteric nervous system, intestinal inflammation and development of tumors. Conclusion This is the first report on the mucosa-associated microbiota and metabolite profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS. Keywords: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Metabolomics, LC-MS, Mucosa-associated microbiota, Bacteria, Author(s): Sui Wang[sup.2], Guan-Jun Kou[sup.1], Xiao-Han Zhao[sup.1], Gang Huang[sup.1], Jue-Xin Wang[sup.1], Lin Tian[sup.1], Xiu-Li Zuo[sup.1], Yan-Qing Li[sup.1], Jia-Yong Wang[sup.3] and Yan-Bo Yu[sup.1] Introduction Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic [...]

Author(s): Sama Rezasoltani[sup.1,2], Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha[sup.3], Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei[sup.3], Seyedesomayeh Jasemi[sup.4], Leonardo Antonio Sechi[sup.4,5], Maria Gazouli[sup.6], Amir Sadeghi[sup.7], Shirin Torkashvand[sup.3], Reyhaneh Baniali[sup.3], Hartmut Schlüter[sup.1], Mohammad Reza Zali[sup.7] and Mohammad Mehdi [...]

Dairy goat populations have been growing in the US making goat milk production an opportunistic field to pursue. Currently, 30 states allow the sale of raw goat milk, including Mississippi, which imposes strict regulations limiting sales to very small farmers (n Keywords: Goat Milk, Food Safety, Microbial Profile, INTRODUCTION Despite cow's milk being predominantly consumed around the world, other species contribute to the dairy production industry including sheep, water buffalo, yak, camel, mare, and goat (Park and Haenlein, [...]

Background Gut microbiota dysbiosis involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The characteristics of enterotypes in CRC development have not been determined. Objective To characterize the gut microbiota of healthy, adenoma, and CRC subjects based on enterotype. Methods The 16 S rRNA sequencing data from 315 newly sequenced individuals and three previously published datasets were collected, providing total data for 367 healthy, 320 adenomas, and 415 CRC subjects. Enterotypes were analyzed for all samples, and differences in microbiota composition across subjects with different disease states in each enterotype were determined. The predictive values of a random forest classifier based on enterotype in distinguishing healthy, adenoma, and CRC subjects were evaluated and validated. Results Subjects were classified into one of three enterotypes, namely, Bacteroide- (BA_E), Blautia- (BL_E), and Streptococcus- (S_E) dominated clusters. The taxonomic profiles of these three enterotypes differed among the healthy, adenoma, and CRC cohorts. BA_E group was enriched with Bacteroides and Blautia; BL_E group was enriched by Blautia and Coprococcus; S_E was enriched by Streptococcus and Ruminococcus. Relative abundances of these genera varying among the three human cohorts. In training and validation sets, the S_E cluster showed better performance in distinguishing among CRC patients, adenoma patients, and healthy controls, as well as between CRC and non-CRC individuals, than the other two clusters. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence to indicate that changes in the microbial composition of enterotypes are associated with disease status, thereby highlighting the diagnostic potential of enterotypes in the treatment of adenoma and CRC. Keywords: Enterotype, Adenoma, Colorectal cancer, Gut microbiota, Random forest model, Author(s): Li Qingbo[sup.1], Zhuang Jing[sup.1,2,3], Qu Zhanbo[sup.1,2,3], Chu Jian[sup.1,2,3], Song Yifei[sup.1], Wu Yinhang[sup.1,2,3] and Han Shuwen[sup.1,2,3] Introduction The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a community of approximately 100 trillion [...]

Background Gut dysbiosis contributes to the high risk of bloodstream infection (BSI) among premature infants. Most prior studies of the premature infant gut microbiota were conducted in Western countries and prior to development of current tools for strain-resolved analysis. Methods We performed metagenomic sequencing of weekly fecal samples from 75 premature infants at a single hospital in Singapore. We evaluated associations between clinical factors and gut microbiota composition using PERMANOVA and mixed effects linear regression. We used inStrain to perform strain-level analyses evaluating for gut colonization by BSI-causing strains. Results Median (interquartile range) gestation was 27 (25, 29) weeks, and 63% of infants were born via Cesarean section. Antibiotic exposures (PERMANOVA; R.sup.2 = 0.017, p = 0.001) and postnatal age (R.sup.2 = 0.015, p = 0.001) accounted for the largest amount of variability in gut microbiota composition. Increasing postnatal age was associated with higher relative abundances of several common pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis: p < 0.0001; Escherichia coli: p < 0.0001; Klebsiella aerogenes: p < 0.0001; Klebsiella pneumoniae: p < 0.0001). Antibiotic exposures were generally associated with lower relative abundances of both frequently beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium species) and common enteric pathogens (e.g., Enterobacter, Klebsiella species). We identified strains identical to the blood culture isolate in fecal samples from 12 of 16 (75%) infants who developed BSI, including all infections caused by typical enteric bacteria. Conclusions Antibiotic exposures were the dominant modifiable factor affecting gut microbiota composition in a large cohort of premature infants from South-East Asia. Strain-resolved analyses indicate that the gut is an important reservoir for organisms causing BSI among premature infants. Keywords: Preterm neonates, Early-onset sepsis, Late-onset sepsis, Intestinal microbiome, inStrain, Author(s): Sarah M. Heston[sup.1], Charis Shu En Lim[sup.2], Chengsi Ong[sup.2,3,4], Mei Chien Chua[sup.2,3], Matthew S. Kelly[sup.1] and Kee Thai Yeo[sup.2,3] Background Sepsis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity [...]

Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have digestive problems and microbial imbalances in their guts, suggesting that these conditions may play a role in the development of the disorder. Scopus-based research on the gut microbiota and ASD was examined in this bibliometric analysis to shed light on the current state of research and identify potential hotspots for future work in this area. Methods We searched documents from the Scopus database and reference citation analysis to collect published data on the gut microbiota and ASD from 2003 to 2022. The downloaded document records were exported to VOSviewer v.1.6.19 to examine and visualize the collaboration between countries and determine the research hotspots. Results The search yielded 958 articles specifically dedicated to gut microbiota and ASD. The number of publications in this field increased rapidly after 2013, with a peak in 2022. The United States (n = 267; 27.87%) was the most active country, followed by China (n = 171; 17.85%) and Italy (n = 96; 10.02). International collaboration was observed, with the USA playing a central role. University College Cork, Ireland, was the most productive institution (n = 24; 2.51%). The National Natural Science Foundation of China was the most active funding agency (n = 76; 7.93%). Nutrients journal had the highest number of publications (n = 28; 2.92%). The articles related to gut microbiota and ASD were highly cited, with an h-index of 108. The research themes identified focused on the modulation of gut microbiota as a potential therapy for children with ASD and gut-brain axis dysfunction in ASD. Conclusions In recent years, the study of gut microbiota and its association with ASD has garnered considerable interest as an emergent field of study. The results of this study substantially enhance our current understanding of the knowledge landscape in this field and illuminate potential avenues for future research. It is essential to emphasize the significance of devoting more resources to the newest and most promising research areas, such as investigating the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating the intestinal microbiota in children with ASD. This research has enormous potential and merits intensified focus and investigation. Keywords: ASD, Autism, Gut microbiota, Autism spectrum disorders, Bibliometric, Scopus, Reference citation analysis, Author(s): Sa'ed H. Zyoud[sup.1,2], Muna Shakhshir[sup.3], Amani S. Abushanab[sup.1], Amer Koni[sup.1,4], Moyad Shahwan[sup.5], Ammar A. Jairoun[sup.6], Adham Abu Taha[sup.7,8] and Samah W. Al-Jabi[sup.1] Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an [...]