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Micrurapteryx gradatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) (Fig. 10C) Material examined. Russia: AO, Skovorodino, nearby the train station, 53.98N, 123.93E, 431 m alt., Vicia sp., 26. VI.2016, 1 larva, NK589, MK 403682, deposited in INRA. Leaf mine. Mine is similar to M. caraganella, but often is smaller as host plant leaves are generally small (Fig. 10C). The preceding tunnel on the lower side of the leaflet (Fig. 10C) can be much longer than that of M. caraganella. Pupation is on the leaf surface, in a cocoon similar to M. caraganella. Trophic specialization. Oligophagous on Fabaceae: Lathyrus spp., Vicia amoena, V. sepium (Kirichenko et al. 2016; De Prins & De Prins 2018). Distribution. Russia: RFE—AO (Baryshnikova 2016); Europe (De Prins & De Prins 2018). Remarks: Earlier records in literature mentioning Micrurapteryx gradatella on Caragana arborescens (Dovnar-Zapol’skiy 1969; Dovnar-Zapol’skiy & Tomilova 1978; Kuznetsov & Baryshnikova 1998; Kuznetzov 1981; Noreika 1997; Baryshnikova 2016) to be attributed to M. caraganella (Kirichenko et al. 2016)., Published as part of Kirichenko, Natalia, Triberti, Paolo, Akulov, Evgeniy, Ponomarenko, Margarita, Gorokhova, Svetlana, Sheiko, Viktor, Ohshima, Issei & Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, 2019, Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding, pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 4652 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3363475, {"references":["Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. (1855) Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa zugleich als text, revision und supplement zu Jakob Hubner's sammlung europaischer schmetterlinge. 5. Die Schaben und Federmotten. In Commission bei G. J. Manz, Regensburg, 394 pp.","De Prins, J. & De Prins W (2018) Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). Available from: http: // www. gracillariidae. net / (accessed 2 August 2018)","Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, D. P. (1969) Mining insects on plants of Kirgizia and adjacent territory. Ilim, Frunze, 148 pp. [in Russian]","Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, D. P. & Tomilova, V. N. (1978) Leaf mining insects of Siberia and neighbor territories. In: Kulik, S. A. (Ed.), Insects of Eastern Siberia. The publishing house of Irkutsk university, Irkutsk, pp. 20 - 51. [in Russian]","Kuznetsov, V. I. & Baryshnikova, S. V. (1998) A brief catalogue of leafmining moths Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) of the fauna of Russia and neighboring countries. Procceedings of Zooogical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1998, 1 - 60. [in Russian]","Kuznetzov, V. I. (1981) Fam. Gracillariidae (Lithocolletiidae) - leaf blotch miners. In: Medvedev, G. S. (Ed.), A guide to the insects of the European part of the USSR-Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera. 4 (2). Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 149 - 311. [in Russian]","Noreika, R. (1997) Gracillariidae. In: Ler, P. A. (Ed.), Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 1. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 373 - 429. [in Russian]"]}

During a DNA barcoding campaign of leaf-mining insects from Siberia, a genetically divergent lineage of a gracillariid belonging to the genus Micrurapteryx was discovered, whose larvae developed on Caragana Fabr. and Medicago L. (Fabaceae). Specimens from Siberia showed similar external morphology to the Palearctic Micrurapteryx gradatella and the Nearctic Parectopa occulta but differed in male genitalia, DNA barcodes, and nuclear genes histone H3 and 28S. Members of this lineage are re-described here as Micrurapteryx caraganella (Hering, 1957), comb. n., an available name published with only a brief description of its larva and leaf mine. Micrurapteryx caraganella is widely distributed throughout Siberia, from Tyumen oblast in the West to Transbaikalia in the East. Occasionally it may severely affect its main host, Caragana arborescens Lam. This species has been confused in the past with Micrurapteryx gradatella in Siberia, but field observations confirm that Micrurapteryx gradatella exists in Siberia and is sympatric with Micrurapteryx caraganella, at least in the Krasnoyarsk region, where it feeds on different host plants (Vicia amoena Fisch. and Vicia sp.). In addition, based on both morphological and molecular evidence as well as examination of type specimens, the North American Parectopa occulta Braun, 1922 and Parectopa albicostella Braun, 1925 are transferred to Micrurapteryx as Micrurapteryx occulta (Braun, 1922), comb. n. with albicostella as its junior synonym (syn. n.). Characters used to distinguish Micrurapteryx from Parectopa are presented and illustrated. These findings provide another example of the potential of DNA barcoding to reveal overlooked species and illuminate nomenclatural problems.