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The hammerhead sharks shows a head laterally expanded with eyes and nostrils on the edges, which gives the species a hammer appearance. Another strand of studies indicates that the hypothesis of head shape alterations for better adaptions in the sensorial system with the development of structures associated to binocular sight and others sensorial organs. Given the variety of characteristics, the study aim was to describe the anatomical constitution of the hammerhead shark eye bulb. The bulb and its annexes exenteration was performed, and further dissection; the morphological description of the muscle insertions and eye bulb components were based on direct observation and were further photographed and catalogued. The eye bulb fragments and its annexes were histological technical. Between the sclera and the choroid it was possible to observe, by the electronical scanning microscopy, the thin layer called supra-choroid, in this region, spaces often filled by lymphatic vessels allied to a matrix formed by loose conjunctive tissue are found. In the choroid, a layer which is rich in blood vessels, loose conjunctive tissue and collagen fibers, was observed, besides pigmentary cells full of melanin in its interior, which result in its layer's dark color. Ciliary body is a choroid's dilatation; it has the aspect of a thick ring in finger-like shape, pigmented, covering the sclera surface and containing pigmentary cells. The crystalline capsule, which shows an acellular covering that, is hyaline and homogeneous. In the electronical scanning microscopy, it was observed that the capsule is extremely thick especially in the anterior face. The capsule is very elastic, constituted mainly by thin lamellae of collagenous fibers, as illustrated by the electronically scanning microscopy. Anatomic variations related mainly to the position of the eye bulb in the skull, fibrous tunica and lens call the attention and must be related to its habitat. El tiburón martillo tiene la cabeza lateralmente expandida con los ojos y la nariz en sus márgenes. Estudios indican que alteraciones de la forma de la cabeza de estos animales son adaptaciones que mejoran el desarrollo del sistema sensorial y estructuras asociadas a la visión binocular y otros órganos sensoriales. Dada la variedad de características, el objetivo del estudio fue describir la constitución anatómica del bulbo ocular. Se disecó el bulbo ocular junto a sus anexos. La descripción morfológica de las inserciones musculares y componentes del bulbo ocular se basaron en la observación directa, siendo éstas fotografiadas y catalogadas. Entre la esclera y la coroides se observó através de microscopía electrónica de barrido, una delgada capa supra-coroides, y vasos linfáticos junto a la matriz formada por tejidos conectivos. La coroides, era abundante en vasos sanguíneos y fibras de tejido conectivo. Se observaron escasas células pigmentarias llenas de melanina, lo que se asemeja a un anillo en forma de dedo, de manera que cubren la superficie de la esclera y células que contienen pigmentos. En la cápsula del lente, fue posible observar un recubrimiento celular, hialino y homogéneo. En la microscopía electrónica de barrido, se observó una cápsula muy gruesa, principalmente en la región frontal. La cápsula elástica,estaba constituida por láminas delgadas, principalmente, por fibras de colágeno. Se concluyó que el bulbo ocular de estos animales posee variaciones anatómicas relacionadas, principalmente, con la posición del bulbo ocular en el cráneo, túnica fibrosa y lente, lo que puede estar directamente relacionado con su hábitat.

The present translational study aimed to verify whether serial 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT), predicts doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Methods: Fifteen athymic mice were treated with intravenous administration of saline (n = 5), doxorubicin 5 mg/Kg (n = 5) or doxorubicin 7.5 mg/Kg (n = 5) and submitted to dynamic microPET scan to estimate left ventricular glucose consumption (LV-MRGlu) before and after chemotherapy. Thereafter, we retrospectively identified 69 patients successfully treated with Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen for Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and submitted to four consecutive FDG-PET/CT scans. Volumes of interest were drawn on LV myocardium to quantify mean standardized uptake value (LV-SUV). All patients were subsequently interviewed by telephone (median follow-up: 30 months); 36 of them accepted to undergo electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiography. Results: In mice LV-MRGlu was 17.9±4.4 nMol x min-1 x g-1 at baseline. doxorubicin selectively and dose-dependently increased this value in the standard-dose (27.9±9 nMol x min-1 x g-1, p

Comunicazione orale Haemathologica, (abstract) vol 88 (suppl) n.ro 15

Euphractus sexcinctusis a species of armadillo from South America and there are not many studies on its reproductive anatomy. Five corpses of adult females were collected according to the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) guidelines. The ovaries were dissected and processed for histological examination after standard staining with hematoxylin-eosin. The shape of the ovaries was oval, measuring 7,9 mm in length and width 4,4 mm. There was no central concavity in the ovary as opossed to previous reports on armadillos. The ovaries were covered with simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue rich in collagen fibers. The cortical region presented follicles at various stages of development, with primordial follicles being in clusters. The region containing blood vessels and medullary interstitial cells, and sex cord as described in other species of armadillos. The tertiary follicle oocyte measured 183 ± 18 mm diameter, with a spherical nucleus and dispersed chromatin. The zona pellucida was homogeneous and acellular around the oocyte. Follicles with oocyte groups were not identified. This study demonstrated that ovarian morphology ofE. sexcinctuswas similar to that of other mammals, but different from other species of armadillos described in other articles. &nbsp, ElEuphractus sexcinctuses un armadillo de América del Sur y su anatomía reproductiva ha sido poco estudiada. Cinco hembras adultas fueron colectadas conforme normas del Instituto Brasilero del Medio Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables (IBAMA). Los ovarios fueron disecados por mesoscopía y procesados por microscopía de luz (coloración: hematoxilina-eosina). La forma de los ovarios fue ovalada, midiendo 7,9 mm de longitud y 4,4 mm de ancho. Al contrario de lo descrito en otras especies de armadillos, no observamos una concavidad central en dicha estructura. Los ovarios estaban recubiertos por un epitelio escamoso simple y con tejido conjuntivo rico en fibras colágenas. La región cortical presento folículos en varias etapas de su desarrollo, siendo que los folículos primordiales tendían a agruparse en clusters. La región medular contenía vasos sanguíneos y células intersticiales y cordones sexuales tal como ha sido descrito en otras especies de armadillos. El ovocito del folículo terciario midió 183 ± 18μm de diámetro, con núcleo esférico y cromatina dispersa. La zona pelúcida fue homogénea y acelular alrededor del ovocito. Folículos con grupos de ovocitos no fueron identificados. Este estudio demostró que la morfología ovárica delE. sexcinctusfue semejante a la de otros mamíferos, pero diferente al de otras especies de armadillos descritos en otros artículos. &nbsp

Entre os mamíferos marinhos, a baleia é um dos animais que mais desperta atenção, especialmente no atinente ao seu sistema urinário. Este sistema segue o padrão entre os mamíferos quanto a sua constituição, entretanto, difere na morfologia renal, em número de lobos, que por sua vez, forma renículos completos, aglutinados às centenas. Esta estrutura é sustentada por tecido conjuntivo fibroso, mas altamente capaz de manter o equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico. Foram dissecados 6 pares de rins de baleia Minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), colhidos em 1982, Cabedelo, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, na última pesca autorizada. Estes rins estavam conservados em formol 10% e apresentaram uma camada histológica de colágeno muito grande circundando a parede medular. O duto coletor urinário forma cálices papilares, desembocando num único centro coletor que desemboca no ureter. Verificou-se que o rim da baleia Minke apresenta característica lobulada possuindo em média 700 renículos, cada renículo possui características anatômicas e funcionais de um rim unipiramidal, com uma camada interna (medula), e uma camada externa (córtex), e irrigação independente, com formação das artérias arqueadas individualmente, como observadas em mamíferos terrestres unipiramidais. Entretanto, o conjunto destes renículos constitui ao final um rim multilobular e polipiramidal, contrariando a morfologia da maioria dos mamíferos terrestres. Não foi possível distinguir ao nível de microscopia de luz as estruturas do córtex renicular da baleia Minke. Na microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi possível visualizar uma camada cortical que fica localizada entre duas cápsulas fibrosas. Esta junção por sua vez é feita por tecido conjuntivo o qual juntamente com uma camada de colágeno e fibras elásticas, separa o córtex da medula , foram visualizados os glomérulos renais, completamente tomados pelos vasos glomerulares e dispostos em várias camadas. Percebe-se que a cavidade glomerular é praticamente um espaço virtual para onde o filtrado glomerular é drenado, não apresentando o formato globular. A vascularização intensifica-se ao chegar à região medular. A diferença entre rins de mamíferos terrestres e marinhos está na disposição dos componentes morfológicos, favorecendo a fisiologia do órgão. Among marine mammals, whale is one of the most attention-arousing animals, especially concerning its urinary tract. This system follows the pattern of mammals with regard to its constitution, however, it differs in renal morphology and number of lobes, which, in turn, form complete reniculi, agglutinated in hundreds. This structure is supported by fibrous connective tissue, but highly capable of maintaining electrolyte balance. Six pairs of kidneys of Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), collected in 1982, in Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil, in the last fishing allowed, were dissected. These kidneys were preserved in 10% formaldehyde and they presented a very large histologic layer of collagen surrounding the medullary wall. The urinary collecting duct form papillary glasses, that reach a single collecting center which discharges in the ureter. It was found that the kidney of Minke whale has a lobe characteristic, with, on average, 700 reniculi; each reniculus has anatomical and functional characteristics of a unipyramidal kidney, with an inner layer (medulla), and an outer layer (cortex), and independent irrigation, with formation of individually arcuate arteries, as observed in unipyramidal terrestrial mammals. However, the set gathering all these reniculi constitutes, in the end, a multilobular and polipyramidal kidney, contrary to the morphology of most terrestrial mammals. It was not possible to distinguish the renicular cortex structures of the Minke whale in the level of light microscopy. Through scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to visualize a cortical layer located between two fibrous capsules. This joint, in turn, consists of connective tissue, which, along with a layer of collagen and elastic fibers, separates the cortex from the medulla; the kidney glomeruli were visualized, completely taken by the glomerular vessels and arranged into several layers. One notices that the glomerular cavity is almost a virtual space into which the glomerular filtrate is drained, and it does not present a globular shape. Vascularization is increased in the medullary region. The difference between the kidneys of terrestrial and marine mammals consists in the arrangement of morphological components, favoring the organ's physiology.

The macroscopic anatomy and vascularization of the stomach compartments of Bradypus torquatus were examined in five animals from the University of São Paulo College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny collection. The method included aqueous perfusion of the arterial network, colored latex injection, fixation in formaldehyde (10%) and preservation in Laskovisk solution. Dissections were performed under mesoscopic light and photo documentations were performed for description and data analysis. In these animals, the largest abdominal organ was the stomach, which internally presented the cardiac, fundic and prepyloric regions, subdivided in six compartments (cardiac right, middle and left; fundic; pre-pyloric I and II). The stomach was irrigated by the left gastric and celiac arteries, which are ventral visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. These arteries emerged in the retroperitoneal region and reached the viscera through the mesogastric region, distributed in the large and small stomach curvatures, in the spleen and the pancreas. The primary collateral branches of the left gastric artery are directed to the large stomach curvature, and the celiac artery irrigated the spleen, the pancreas and the small stomach curvature. The vascular pattern differed in some aspects from that observed in the other multi-cavity stomachs of recent vertebrates.

The macroscopic anatomy and vascularization of the stomach compartments of Bradypus torquatus were examined in five animals from the University of São Paulo College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny collection. The method included aqueous perfusion of the arterial network, colored latex injection, fixation in formaldehyde (10%) and preservation in Laskovisk solution. Dissections were performed under mesoscopic light and photo documentations were performed for description and data analysis. In these animals, the largest abdominal organ was the stomach, which internally presented the cardiac, fundic and prepyloric regions, subdivided in six compartments (cardiac right, middle and left; fundic; pre-pyloric I and II). The stomach was irrigated by the left gastric and celiac arteries, which are ventral visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. These arteries emerged in the retroperitoneal region and reached the viscera through the mesogastric region, distributed in the large and small stomach curvatures, in the spleen and the pancreas. The primary collateral branches of the left gastric artery are directed to the large stomach curvature, and the celiac artery irrigated the spleen, the pancreas and the small stomach curvature. The vascular pattern differed in some aspects from that observed in the other multi-cavity stomachs of recent vertebrates. Fue descrita la anatomía macroscópica y vascularización de los compartimientos del estómago en 5 Bradypus torquatus, animales pertenecientes al acervo de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de São Paulo - Brazil. El método incluyó: perfusión acuosa de la red arterial, inyección de látex coloreado, fijación en formaldehido (10%) y conservación en solución de Laskovisk. Para la descripción y análisis de los datos se realizaron disecciones bajo mesoscopía de luz y archivos fotográficos. Los animales presentaron el estómago como la víscera abdominal más abundante, que posee internamente las regiones: cardiaca, fúndica y pre-pilórica, subdivididas en seis compartimientos (cardiaco, derecho, medio e izquierdo; fúndico; pre-pilórico I y II). Estaba irrigado por las arterias gástricas izquierda y celiaca, que son ramas viscerales ventrales de la parte abdominal de la aorta. Estas arterias emergían en el retroperitoneo y a tráves del mesogastrio alcazaban las vísceras distribuyéndose en la gran y pequeña curvatura del estómago, bazo y páncreas. Las ramas colaterales primarias de la arteria gástrica izquierda estaban destinadas a la gran curvatura del estómago y los de la arteria celíaca irrigaban el bazo, páncreas y pequeña curvatura del estómago. El estándar vascular del Bradypus torquatus más conocido como oso perezoso de tres dedos demostró ser diferente, en algunos aspectos, al de otros estómagos pluricavitarios en vertebrados.