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ObjectiveTransgender and gender diverse (TGD) people experience higher levels of stigma, discrimination, and interpersonal violence due to their gender identity and/or expression, particularly TGD people with a migration background. This study aimed to conduct and evaluate group psychotherapy for TGD migrants to provide opportunities for exploring and developing interpersonal skills and relationships.MethodThe group therapy included five individuals who identified as TGD and originated from the Middle East. The TGD group therapy consisted of 12 weekly sessions of 90 minutes each and was facilitated by a psychiatrist. All sessions were conducted online and in Turkish. The sessions were guided by the group process and discussions.ResultsAfter completing 12 group therapy sessions, members of the group reported benefiting from observing and emulating others who shared their problem constellation. Through the interpersonal skills that they built up throughout the sessions, they became more open to share their feelings experiencing fewer social barriers, and reduced anxiety.ConclusionThis observational study indicates the significance of offering group-based psychotherapy to enhance affirmation and social connection within gender minority groups and emphasizes the need to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with TGD individuals, with special attention to the unique needs of TGD migrants.

Background: Adequate maternity care and appropriate clinical interventions during labour and delivery can reduce adverse perinatal outcomes, but unnecessary interventions may cause harm. While studies have shown that refugees and asylum seekers face important barriers when accessing maternity care, there is a lack of high-quality quantitative data on perinatal health interventions, such as induction of labour or caesarean sections, among refugees and asylum seekers and the findings reported in the literature tend to be inconsistent. Our goal was to examine and synthesise the evidence regarding the rates of intrapartum clinical interventions in women who are refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries compared to other population groups. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published in English since 2011 that report original quantitative findings regarding intrapartum clinical interventions among refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries compared to those in non refugee, non asylum seeker populations. We examined reported rates of clinical pain relief, labour induction and augmentation, episiotomies, instrumental deliveries, and caesarean sections. Results: Twenty-five papers were included in the review. Findings indicate that refugees and asylum seekers were less likely to receive pain relief, with 16 out of 20 data points showing unadjusted ORs ranging from 0.20 (CI: 0.10–0.60) to 0.96 (CI: 0.70–1.32). Similarly, findings indicate lower odds of instrumental delivery among refugees and asylum seekers with 14 of 21 data points showing unadjusted ORs between 0.25 (CI: 0.15–0.39) and 0.78 (CI: 0.47–1.30); the remaining papers report no statistically significant difference between groups. There was no discernable trend in rates of labour induction and episiotomies across studies. Conclusions: The studies included in this review suggest that asylum seekers and refugees are less likely to receive clinical pain relief and experience instrumental delivery than non-refugee groups in high-income countries. This review strengthens our understanding of the links between immigration status and maternity care, ultimately informing policy and practice to improve perinatal health and the provision of care for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging population in Europe is increasing, with growing ethnic diversity among older individuals due to migration. Public policies emphasize 'aging in place' to address financial challenges and reduce the burden on the healthcare system. However, research often overlooks the heterogeneity among older people, especially non-European migrants. Also, research on family caregivers' role in enabling 'aging in place' for older relatives with migrant backgrounds is limited, despite many older non-European migrants' preference for family care in comparison to long-term institutional care. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of family caregivers in the context of formal and informal care and their preferences regarding the place of care for older family members with migrant backgrounds, particularly the Pakistani Ahmadiyya community in Norway. Eighteen semi-structured individual interviews and two group interviews were conducted in Urdu and English with nineteen female family caregivers of older relatives, ages 25–62, residing in Norway. The analysis yielded three main themes: (1) "Nursing homes are not for the ones who love their parents", (2) Preferences for home with the possibility of sharing care, and (3) Mismatch between family care needs and formal care. Family caregivers' perception of health services has a decisive impact on their older relatives' demand and use of formal health services, emphasizing the need for trust. Even though home care services were seen as a viable option, they should be adapted so that the family caregivers can use them and feel supported in enabling 'aging in place' for older migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Discussion Immigrants and newcomers are identified by many provincial midwifery associations as “priority populations.” Recently, newcomer populations have shifted considerably, with more people coming to Canada with precarious immigration status who are increasingly ineligible for public healthcare insurance and facing barriers to accessing care. Our aims were to: (1) gain an understanding of the policies related to equitable access to midwifery care and how they may apply to migrant groups without public healthcare insurance and (2) identify existing policy themes, gaps, and regulatory barriers that limit access for this vulnerable population in Canada.We conducted a high‐level document content analysis using a health equity framework. We aimed to identify language related to equitable access in midwifery services, with particular emphasis on uninsured populations. A total of 64 documents were analyzed, including legislation and publicly available statements from midwifery regulatory bodies and associations.Midwifery regulatory authorities and associations across Canada are consistent in establishing an expectation that midwives will provide accessible care to diverse clientele. However, how these commitments are put into practice varies considerably between jurisdictions. We compared the cases of Manitoba and Ontario to illustrate the disconnect between commitments to priority populations and implementation.While there is a clearly demonstrated intention to provide equitable access to midwifery care to all people, including “priority populations” like migrants and newcomers, in practice, these commitments have not been fully realized. Equity is encumbered by broader structural issues, such as the growth in the number of newcomers without access to public health insurance. Moves toward equity within midwifery and healthcare more broadly need to meaningfully engage with other policy sectors, such as immigration, to be able to adapt to emerging issues affecting reproductive care, such as the growing precarity of newcomer populations in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Assessing the potential increased risk of viral rebound (VR) in migrants requires adequate control for sex and acquisition risk groups.People living with HIV1, enrolled in the ANRS CO4‐French Hospital Database on HIV, who achieved virological suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated between 2006 and 2016 were included. We first compared the risk of VR, with loss to follow‐up and death considered as competing events, across origin among the HIV acquisition groups, then across acquisition groups among the different origins, and finally across modality of a variable combining sex, acquisition group, and origin. Models were adjusted for clinical and biological confounding factors.We included 21 571 French natives (FRA), 10 148 migrants from sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), 1137 migrants from the non‐French West Indies (NFWI), and 4205 other migrants (OTHER). The 5‐year probability of VR was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19–20) overall, 15% in FRA, 21% in OTHER, 26% in SSA, and 34% in NFWI (p < 0.0001). It was 14% in men who have sex with men (MSM), 23% in heterosexual men, and 23% in women (p < 0.0001). After adjustment, all acquisition groups had a higher risk of VR than MSM from FRA, with men and women from NFWI having the highest risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.46; 95% CI 2.12–2.86 and aHR 2.59; 95% CI 2.20–3.04, respectively). Within each acquisition group, all groups of origin had a higher risk of VR than FRA. Within each region of origin, except the NFWI, heterosexual men had a higher risk of VR than MSM.After accounting for sex and acquisition group, migration, especially from NFWI, remains prognostic of VR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on an ethnographic study that examined smart TV use in low-income migrant households in Australia. We find that the smart TV is used by migrant families for diverse forms of social and cultural participation. In addition, we find that YouTube – which is often accessed using the smart TV – is reshaping family media practices. We argue that while digital inclusion scholarship has focussed on access to and use of mobile phones, laptops and computers, the smart TV, perhaps more than any other device in the home, enables digital inclusion through intergenerational media engagement. This paper presents insights for policymakers and offers a new area for investigation for digital inclusion and media scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrants often encounter heightened health risks during crises. We analysed the disparities in the burden of HIV between Japanese nationals and international migrants in Japan by comparing new HIV infections, AIDS cases, and HIV-related deaths between 2018–2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020–2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Between 2018 and 2021, 4,705 new HIV infections were reported in Japan (2,813 Japanese nationals and 522 international migrants). Additionally, 1,370 AIDS cases (1,188 Japanese nationals, 182 international migrants) were recorded, representing 29.1% of the total. Comparative analysis of HIV incidence and mortality rates between Japanese nationals and international migrants indicates elevated disparities: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the HIV incidence rate among Japanese nationals decreased from 1.8 to 1.5 cases/100,000 people, while the rate among international migrants remained high at 12.8 cases/100,000 people. The AIDS incidence also increased for international migrants from 2.8 to 3.8 per 100,000 people, while Japanese nationals maintained a low at 0.5 per 100,000 people. International migrants living with HIV experienced a significantly younger age at death due to HIV-related illness (coefficient = −11.7, p <.01). The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the disparities with more international migrants living with HIV being diagnosed late and with less precise reporting. Investment in more equitable HIV care is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of deceased migrants is a global challenge that is exacerbated by migration distance, post-mortem conditions, access to ante-mortem data for comparison, inconsistent international procedures and lack of communication between arrival and origin countries. Due to low technology requirements, fast speed analysis and ease of transferring digital data, facial image comparison is particularly beneficial in those contexts, especially in challenging scenarios when this may be the only initial ante-mortem data available to identify the deceased. The Facial Identification Scientific Working Group (FISWG) professional guidelines for facial image comparison were developed for living facial appearance, and, therefore, a tailored protocol for the application of post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparison was proposed and evaluated in this research. The protocol was investigated via an inter-observer and an accuracy study, using 29 forensic cases (2001–2020) from the University of Milan, provided by the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. In order to replicate a migrant identification scenario, each post-mortem subject was compared to all 29 ante-mortem targets (841 comparisons). The protocol guided the practitioner through stages of facial image comparison, from broad (phase 1) to more detailed (phase 3), eventually leading to a decision of 'exclusion' or 'potential match' for each post-mortem to ante-mortem case (phase 4). In phase 4, a support scale was also utilised to indicate the level of confidence in a potential match. Each post-mortem subject could be recorded with multiple potential matches. The protocol proved to be useful guide for facial image comparison, especially for less experienced practitioners and the inter-observer study suggested good reproducibility. The majority (82–96%) of ante-mortem subjects were excluded at the first stage of the protocol, and 71 full post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparisons were carried out. On average, two or three potential matches were recorded for each post-mortem subject. The overall accuracy rate was 85%, with the majority (79%) of ante-mortem non-targets correctly excluded from the identification process. An increased number and quality of available ante-mortem images produced more successful matches with higher levels of support. All potential matches involving non-targets received low levels of support, and for 73% of the post-mortem subjects, the ante-mortem target was the only recorded potential match. However, two ante-mortem targets were incorrectly excluded (one at the first stage of the protocol) and therefore changes to the protocol were implemented to mitigate these errors. A full protocol and a practical recording chart for practitioner use is included with this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research shows that undocumented migrants have difficulties in accessing healthcare. Act 2013:407 came into force in 2013 and entitled undocumented migrants to healthcare that cannot be deferred. To date, studies about undocumented migrants' access to care in Sweden and the impact of Act 2013:407 are sparse. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe professionals' experiences of access to healthcare for undocumented migrants in Sweden and the impact of Act 2013:407. Methods: A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews was employed. Nine interviews were carried out in 2015 with nurses at two NGO healthcare centres for undocumented migrants – and an additional seven interviews in 2022 with staff at an NGO healthcare centre for undocumented migrants and personnel at a regional health and medical care administration. Interpretive description was used for the analyses. Ethical considerations: Permission to carry out the study was obtained from managers at the participating NGOs and the regional health and medical care administration. Participants received verbal and written information about the study, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Findings: Six categories emerged from the analysis: Changes since the Act was introduced, General problems with healthcare access, Care for undocumented migrants – politics and social economy, Lack of knowledge, 'Healthcare that cannot be deferred' and Being an undocumented migrant. Conclusion: Undocumented migrants' social needs are as great as their needs for healthcare. Healthcare staff are burdened with healthcare cost considerations which affect their judgement of care provision and prioritization. Healthcare staff attitudes towards undocumented migrants affect their access to healthcare. Undocumented migrants in need of healthcare are especially vulnerable due to their legal status, being ill and the fear of being reported and deported. To assure undocumented migrants' access to healthcare and maintain healthcare ethics, the only possible solution is to provide healthcare based on needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between perceived social status, COVID-19-related discrimination, and sleep quality among 158 migrant care workers in Taiwan. Data were collected via computer-assisted interviews, assessing perceived social status with the MacArthur scale and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The results revealed that higher perceived social status in reference to the destination country (B = 0.31) and experience of media stigmatization (B = 0.52) were associated with higher global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, whereas perceived social status in reference to the home country and others forms of pandemic-related discrimination were not associated with PSQI scores. The study concluded that social comparison and stigmatization were linked to sleep health of migrant care workers. Understanding these factors can inform the development of targeted interventions to address inequalities faced by migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following green revolution ideologies, smallholder commercialization is promoted as a pathway to African economic transformation. Nonetheless, polices that incentivize commercial production in Ghana affect migrant groups negatively with respect to land tenure. While some migrants are displaced from rented lands, others offer their labour services in exchange for the right to "freely" intercrop on native's cashew farms. The tenurial aspects of the new land–labour exchange relations cluster around labour tenancy without farmland or tree crop benefit sharing. A reversal to pre-historic non-capitalist tenure modes is favoured in land-abundant areas while market-based tenure is increasingly combined with food crop gifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change-induced natural disasters such as hurricanes, landslides, forest fires, and changes in precipitation directly affect rural sectors that depend on field production and other dimensions of everyday life. This generates the mobilization of people from their homes to safer places within the same country or across borders. There is a lack of information on the impacts of climate change on environmental migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This scoping review aims to describe the scientific evidence of the health effects of climate change on migrant in LAC. The review was conducted using databases from PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar in English, Spanish and Portuguese. After screening the title, abstract, and full text of identified hits (n = 726), 31 records were finally included. Evidence indicates that climate change relates to health and healthcare, psychosocial and infrastructure dimensions among migrants in LAC. Health effects refer to limited access to healthcare, underdiagnosis, increased susceptibility to diseases and mental health conditions like stress and anxiety. Psychosocial dimensions refer to a heightened risk of sexual and gender-based violence, social marginalization, family separation, and loss of identity and culture. Infrastructure refers to environmental degradation and agricultural and urban infrastructure destruction. Multiple adaptations to these conditions are described among migrant populations in the region. Recommendations for improvements are presented. This scoping review suggests climate change's significant health, psychosocial, and infrastructural associations with migrants in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of migrant children in Lithuania is increasing every year. For many years, the majority of migrants (around 82%) were returning Lithuanians, but since 2022, due to the ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia, a large influx of Ukrainian immigrants has been observed: 7761 children have arrived in Lithuania since the outbreak of the full-scale invasion. This study aims to highlight the integration-related challenges that educators face in the context of the increasing number of migrant children. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews (N = 9) were applied to investigate the issue and outline possible solutions from the point of view of educators. The study was conducted in a school with 875 students, including 31 (3.5%) immigrants. The empirical study revealed that the school implements the integration of migrant children in accordance with the recommendations issued by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Sport. Upon the arrival of a migrant child, the committee assesses the child's knowledge, interviews the parents, and determines the appropriate class placement and learning methods. An individual education plan is then devised based on the expectations of both the child and their parents. Teachers face challenges related to language barriers and cultural differences. The provision of courses developing intercultural competence, more language lessons, and training for both children and their parents are considered to be the most important conditions for the successful integration of migrant children into the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Significantly fewer individuals with migration backgrounds than native-born individuals undertake advance care planning. Older adults with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds represent one of the largest ageing non-Western minority groups in Europe. Their relatives could play important roles in facilitating or hindering advance care planning, but their views remain underexplored. Aim: To explore advance care planning knowledge, experience, views, facilitators and barriers among older Turkish and Moroccan adults' relatives in Belgium. Design: Qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interview data. Setting/participants: Twenty-two relatives of older Turkish and Moroccan adults in Brussels, Mechelen and Antwerp, recruited via general practitioners. Results: Participants had limited advance care planning knowledge and had not discussed it with healthcare professionals. Some found discussing end-of-life preferences with relatives beneficial; others opposed the discussion of specific topics or felt discussions were unnecessary, as they felt responsible for caregiving and trusted by their relatives to make future decisions. Barriers included personal and relational characteristics, emotional difficulty and perceived non-urgency. Facilitators included information in older adults' native languages, general practitioners' cautious initiation and the involvement of several family members. Conclusions: Relatives of older people with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds are unfamiliar with advance care planning and have highly variable views on it. People should be given opportunities to discuss advance care planning in a culturally appropriate manner, and the diversity of perspectives regarding whether and how to engage in such planning should be recognised. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT05241301. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the validity, reliability, and Arabic language equivalence of the Socio-cultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R) created by Colleen Ward and Antony Kennedy (1999) and revised by Jessie Wilson (2013). A sample group of 424 Syrian Migrants (18 years and older) living in Gaziantep province of Türkiye from different neighborhoods, economic status, and socio-demographic backgrounds are included in the research, and the scale is examined via commonly used validity and reliability analysis methods. It is obtained that the Cronbach's Alpha of the items is higher than 0.7 and the corrected item-total correlations are above the threshold value (0.2) in item analysis, nearly 69% of the total variance is explained by 5 factors in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and the Goodness of Fit Indexes (χ2/sd = 1.521, CFI = 0.958, and SRMR = 0.048) are within the good/acceptable range in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). It has been understood that the SCAS-R is a valid and reliable scale for Arabic culture. The results of this study may provide a valuable tool for policymakers, researchers, and humanitarian workers studying migration issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international recruitment of healthcare workers remains a UK strategy to manage workforce gaps and maintain service delivery. Although not a new phenomenon, this has been exacerbated by chronic shortages. There is a need to profile the current international recruits and identify individual motivators to understand the opportunities for future recruitment and retention initiatives. A UK-wide electronic survey was conducted using the Jisc platform. The survey was promoted using social media and researcher networks. Eligibility criteria were diagnostic radiographers, internationally educated, and currently working in the UK. 226 responses were received. Most were working in England (90.7%) and 58.0% were under 35 years of age. The majority had migrated having moved to the UK since 2020 (63.7%) and the main drivers were career and/or training opportunities. Initial education was in 30 different countries, the highest number originating from Africa and Asia, with a median of 6 years post-qualification experience (IQR 4–11yrs). Despite experience, most were employed in band 5 (n = 72) or band 6 posts (n = 95). 56% had postgraduate qualifications on entry and a third had undertaken postgraduate study in the UK. Based on the survey responses, the profile of internationally recruited diagnostic radiographers is relatively young but with pre-migration experience originating all over the globe. They are motivated to work in the UK particular for career progression opportunities. This study provides an insight into the motivations, demographics and employment patterns of internationally recruited radiographers working in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In response to the global scope of forced displacement, international organizations highlight the need of scalable solutions to support individuals' health and integration into host societies. Exposure to high mental and physical stress perceived before, during, and after displacement can impair functional capabilities, essential for adapting to a new environment. This secondary analysis examined the impact of an exercise and sport intervention on cognitive function and pain severity among individuals living in a refugee camp in Greece. Methods: We implemented a randomized controlled trial involving n = 142 (52.8% women) forcibly displaced individuals from Southwest Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Participants were randomly assigned to a waitlist or a 10-week co-designed exercise and sport intervention with a 1:1 allocation rate between groups and sexes. Assessments at baseline and follow-up included the Flanker task, the Oddball paradigm, pain severity via visual analog scales, and the Åstrand-Rhyming indirect test of maximal oxygen uptake. We analyzed the intervention effects using structural equation modeling. Results: Our findings did not indicate a direct intervention effect on cognitive function or pain (p ≥.332). However, the intervention group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness, ß =.17, p =.010, which was associated with faster reaction times in cognitive tasks, ß = −.22, p =.004. Moreover, there was some evidence that adherence might be linked to reduced pain severity, ß = −.14, p =.065. Conclusions: Exercise and sport did not directly impact cognitive function and pain severity among a sociodemographically diverse sample living in a refugee camp, suggesting the need for complementary measures. Nevertheless, our results indicate that improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness benefit aspects of attention. Trial registration: The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Thessaly (no. 39) and registered prospectively on February 8, 2021 at the ISRCTN registry (no. 16291983). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of migration research, the frequency of employing qualitative walking interviews has risen in recent years to delve into the construction, evolution, and negotiation mechanisms of migrant identities within everyday spatial practices. This novel mobile method emphasizes the interaction between micro-experience and macro-structure. It facilitates a shift away from viewing migrants as passive outsiders, empowering them with increased agency, and allow researchers to gain deeper insights into migrants' emotional dynamics, life experiences, and self-identification within new social landscapes and power configurations. This systematic review aims to evaluate, integrate, and analyse the current empirical evidence in qualitative migration research using walking/go-along interviews for different types of migrants (defined as an individual who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons). This review brings together for the first time the knowledge and insights from migration research that involves walking interviews. This review employs framework synthesis to analyse the 24 included articles, identifying five major themes: (1) synergising diverse research methods within different research designs; (2) adjustment of power dynamics; (3) migrants' place-based threefold agency; (4) migrants' identity construction; (5) place-based sense of belonging or exclusion. By integrating these themes, the methodological contribution of this review lies in recognizing the advantages of combining walking interviews with other research methods, which lies in capturing the multidimensional aspects of mobility, allowing researchers to flexibly switch between methodological strategies and spatial scales. Additionally, this paper recommends a deeper exploration of migratory experiences to transcend prevailing practical knowledge and pay sensitive attention to potential ethical issues throughout the research. Such investigation has the potential to uncover the dynamic evolution of agency, identity construction, and the fluctuating sense of belonging among various migrants throughout their journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotions play a role in drawing people into activism and are a key dimension of activist experiences. However, although researchers have examined the political significance and ethical imperative of centring the voices and leadership of migrants in migrant rights struggles, there is limited consideration of how emotions are engaged in ways that inform, facilitate and challenge migrants in sustaining their activism. Through the case of undocumented youth activism in California, I explore how undocumented young people drew on practices of emotional reflexivity to navigate the complicated emotional register produced through activism as they reflected on their participation and trajectory through the undocumented youth movement. I suggest that the cultivation of storytelling spaces, cultures and practices within undocumented youth spaces supported and enhanced young people's opportunities and capacity for engaging in relational practices of emotional reflexivity. These relational practices of emotional reflexivity supported young people to carve out expansive, dynamic and creative modes of activism that adapted to their shifting needs, circumstances and politics, while helping them to configure practices of care within the movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expatriation is a form of migration and temporary exile, characterized by a voluntary departure abroad and frequent back and forth with the country of origin. Globalization and international mobility over the past 50 years have resulted in an increase in the number of expatriates worldwide. Even when choosing to move abroad, some expatriates encounter difficulties that lead to illness and recourse to psychotherapy. This article offers a synthesis of the results of a review of the literature on the subjective experiences of expatriates. Our review of the literature aims to better understand the experience of expatriation, and the crises some expatriates go through during their stay abroad. Clinical practice treating expatriates is a complex situation, occurring in a specific context. However, expatriation has only recently become the subject of clinical psychological research. Economics and the sciences of sociology, demography, and work psychology, appear to have been the first to study this phenomenon. The objective was then to understand why some expatriates ended their expatriation prematurely. In the clinical psychology field, the paradigms of cultural adaptation and acculturation have been widely invoked as reasons for determining expatriate suitability and for establishing recommendations of preparation programs. If we recognize the adaptive dimension, we move away from these concepts to promote the subjective experience of the expatriate. To date, we have only found one publication on expatriation which specifically examines the consequences of expatriation for the family. It highlights a need for research that takes into account the variability of expatriation contexts and individual pathways. We therefore conducted a literature review on the subjective experience of the expatriate. A broad search on EBSCO and Google Scholar was conducted in English and French, successively using the key words EXPATRITION, EXPATRIATE, EXPATRIE. This first search phase led us to limit the scope of our research to the subjective experience of the expatriate. In order to gather existing data, we used the PRISMA method. Of the 423 publications extracted from different search engines, we selected and analyzed 25 papers published between 1992 and 2022. Expatriation appears to be a complex subjective experience, which can reveal a state of crisis in its dimension of upheaval, but also with the potential of creating new order. The literature highlights the articulation of latent reasons for departure and the accompanying crises that some expatriates may experience because of a wish to escape from an original environment, the desire to break with the family, and a search for oneself. Separation from the original environment and exposure to a foreign environment can cause archaic anxieties to resurface and summon the ability to be alone. The narcissistic and identity crisis generated is manifested by schizophrenic phenomena (rejection of the foreigner or the country of origin), relational disorders, and depressive disorders. At the same time, the experience can open up a transitional space conducive to the emergence of the Self, to the re-appropriation of poorly introjected objects, and open up an evolution of the bonds of filiation and affiliation. If the stay abroad can lead to narcissistic and identity disorders, it appears in the literature as a rite of passage allowing for maturation phenomena. As part of this doctoral research, we further explore the nature of the crisis, and how psychotherapy can provide support during the transformation process involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of New Zealand sea lions is typically localised to New Zealand and its remote subantarctic islands. However, non-resident male sea lions were seen on Macquarie Island, 650 km from their nearest natal islands, in all months of all years from 1965 to 1980. The majority of the apparently opportunistic sightings were at the northern end of the island. Sightings increased from May to a September-October peak that was coincident with the cessation of breeding activities in the sea lions' natal range and the period when resident gentoo and royal penguins, and fur and elephant seals aggregated for breeding, all of which are now confirmed prey for New Zealand sea lions on Macquarie Island. The long-term effect of predation pressure from New Zealand sea lions on resident species remains unmeasured. After sleeping, interacting with southern elephant seals was a core sea lion activity. Predation on seabirds and interactions with elephant seals increase the risk of cross-species disease transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, working within the 'infrastructural turn', combines social reproduction and Lefebvrian rhythm analysis to examine the everyday labour and life of migrant cleaners and delivery service gig workers in Stockholm. Using in-depth interviews, we demonstrate how this highly mobile and flexible workforce makes the city 'tick' by keeping its inhabitants clean, fed, healthy and cared for. Specifically, we highlight a contradiction: workers extricating free time for others through reproductive labour, are themselves systematically deprived of the (paid and unpaid) time necessary to meet their own reproductive needs. The conditions of work in the urban on-demand and just-in-time service economy, we show, produce spatiotemporal (dis)orders of living and labouring in the algorhythmic city, as workers are required to be both on standby, waiting, whilst also fulfilling customer orders at an ever-increasing speed. Migrant gig workers who appear on the doorstep, on demand and just in time, form a kind of human infrastructure, serving the urban population whilst nonetheless being subject to disinvestment – unrepaired and unmaintained. This article, then, contributes to the literature on gig work, migration and social reproduction, by theorizing the algorhythmic city as reliant on the constant transformation of gig labour into an urban infrastructure for social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Migrants may have elevated exposure to stressors, which can affect their physical and mental well-being. However, migrants often experience a healthy immigrant effect, the applicability of this phenomena to eating disorders is unknown. We aimed to synthesize the available literature and estimate a summary measure of prevalence odds ratio for eating disorders in migrant populations compared to local populations. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science with keywords on migration and eating disorders. Inclusion criteria involved using a validated eating disorder scale and having a comparator group. Two independent reviewers performed study screening and data extraction. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess risk of bias. Random-effects models of meta-analysis were applied to compare eating disorder prevalence between migrants and local populations. Results: There were 10 studies included in our review (meta-analysis = 6, narrative synthesis = 4). Studies provided prevalence estimates for: any eating disorder, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Among studies with a diagnostic instrument, the pooled prevalence odds ratio (POR) between migrants and local populations for any eating disorder was 0.45 (95%CI: 0.35–0.59). However, a subgroup analysis of eating disorder instruments among studies using risk assessment tools demonstrated inconsistent findings, with both increases and decreases in prevalence. Conclusion: Migrants were found to have a lower prevalence of eating disorders compared to local populations, supporting the healthy immigrant hypothesis. However, this effect differs between diagnostic and risk assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize and conceptualize the highly fragmented yet important literature on racial discrimination in entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: A bibliometric analysis and literature review were performed that involved 523 articles containing 26,926 references. Findings: The bibliometric analysis identified three dominant research themes that comprehensively illustrate the state of research in this domain: strategic, sociocultural and individual-level perspectives. The synthesis of extant literature helped in formulating a holistic conceptual model that portrays the genuineness of racial discrimination in entrepreneurship. The sources, factors and impact of racial discrimination faced by entrepreneurs were identified. Based on the review and analysis of keywords, certain fruitful future research directions were formulated that will take the field forward. Originality/value: This work is the first attempt to review the literature that narrows down the focus to racial discrimination in entrepreneurship (from other discriminations such as gender, cultural and religious discrimination) as one form of discrimination due to its unique origins and consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to map research literature on intergenerational contact in refugee and international migration contexts. Using database searches on Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Education Research Complete, we identified 649 potentially relevant studies, of which 134 met the inclusion criteria and are mapped in the article by themes, date of publication, geographical distribution, study design, and targeted population. The review has been developed with input from migrant and refugee charities, and it identifies research trends in the field as well as multiple gaps in the literature. The results highlight the complex ways in which intergenerational contact impacts psycho-social wellbeing and integration, health, and education outcomes for both refugees and other migrant groups. Much of the research to date has focused on relationships within families. Studies exploring the potential tensions and benefits of intergenerational contact between refugees/migrants and members of the broader community are lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Adequate maternity care and appropriate clinical interventions during labour and delivery can reduce adverse perinatal outcomes, but unnecessary interventions may cause harm. While studies have shown that refugees and asylum seekers face important barriers when accessing maternity care, there is a lack of high-quality quantitative data on perinatal health interventions, such as induction of labour or caesarean sections, among refugees and asylum seekers and the findings reported in the literature tend to be inconsistent. Our goal was to examine and synthesise the evidence regarding the rates of intrapartum clinical interventions in women who are refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries compared to other population groups. Methods We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published in English since 2011 that report original quantitative findings regarding intrapartum clinical interventions among refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries compared to those in non refugee, non asylum seeker populations. We examined reported rates of clinical pain relief, labour induction and augmentation, episiotomies, instrumental deliveries, and caesarean sections. Results Twenty-five papers were included in the review. Findings indicate that refugees and asylum seekers were less likely to receive pain relief, with 16 out of 20 data points showing unadjusted ORs ranging from 0.20 (CI: 0.10–0.60) to 0.96 (CI: 0.70–1.32). Similarly, findings indicate lower odds of instrumental delivery among refugees and asylum seekers with 14 of 21 data points showing unadjusted ORs between 0.25 (CI: 0.15–0.39) and 0.78 (CI: 0.47–1.30); the remaining papers report no statistically significant difference between groups. There was no discernable trend in rates of labour induction and episiotomies across studies. Conclusions The studies included in this review suggest that asylum seekers and refugees are less likely to receive clinical pain relief and experience instrumental delivery than non-refugee groups in high-income countries. This review strengthens our understanding of the links between immigration status and maternity care, ultimately informing policy and practice to improve perinatal health and the provision of care for all.

ÖZ: Bu çalışmada II. Abdülhamid döneminden II. Meşrutiyet dönemine miras kalan Osmanlı Devlet’in göç politikası, Kürt muhacir ve mülteciler özelinde karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Buna göre II. Abdülhamid döneminde, yoğun bir Müslüman muhacir topluluğunun Osmanlı topraklarına gelmesine, Müslüman nüfusun artmasına yol açacağı için olumsuz bir nazarla bakılmadığı görülmektedir. Zira çoğunluğunu Kafkasya’dan gelenlerin oluşturduğu bu muhacirler; savaş, kıtlık, Kürt aşiretlerinin saldırıları veya ekonomik sıkıntılardan ötürü çareyi göç etmekte bulan Ermenilerin bıraktıkları topraklara iskân edilecekleri için doğuda daha güvenli bir bölge oluşturulabilecektir. Bu yaklaşım Meşrutiyet’in ilanından bir süre sonra devam etse de zaman içerisinde bazı değişiklikler yaşanmış, özellikle Türkçülük düşüncesinin bürokraside hâkim olması nedeniyle Müslüman muhacirlerin iskânında İslamî bakış açısının yerini daha çok milliyet eksenli bir anlayış almıştır. Öyle ki Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda savaş mıntıkalarından kaçmak zorunda kalan çok sayıda Kürt mülteci, milliyet ekseninde iskân edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böyle bir politika izlenmesindeki temel amaç ise göçebe-yarı göçebe bir yaşam sürdüren Kürtlerin, Türklerin çoğunlukta olduğu Anadolu içlerine iskân edilerek yerleşik hayata geçişlerinin sağlanmasıdır. Bu sayede, vergi ve askerlik gibi birtakım mükellefiyetleri yerine getirecekleri planlanmış; kimliklerini, yaşam tarzlarını değiştirmeleriyle birlikte ise faydalı bir unsur olmaları hedeflenmiştir. ABSTRACT: The present study comparatively analyzed the migration policy of the Ottoman Empire inherited from the reign of Abdülhamid II to the Second Constitutional Period, with a special focus on Kurdish muhajirs (migrants, coined from the Arabic word meaning “one who migrated from Mecca to Medina”) and refugees. In this regard, it was observed that the arrival of a significantly large Muslim muhajir group to the Ottoman lands was not viewed negatively during the reign of Abdülhamid II, as it would lead to an increase in the Muslim population. The reason behind this was that these muhajirs, the majority of whom came from the Caucasus, would be settled in the lands left by Armenians who had migrated due to war, famine, attacks by Kurdish tribes, or economic difficulties, and thus a safer region could be created in the east. Although this approach was maintained for an extended period of time after the proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy, certain changes occurred over time, and the Islamic perspective was replaced by a more nationalist-oriented understanding in the resettlement of Muslim muhajirs, especially as the Turkist idea became dominant in the bureaucracy. Thus, attempts were made to settle many Kurdish refugees fleeing from the war zones during the First World War on the axis of nationality. The main purpose of such a policy was to ensure that the Kurds, who led a nomadic or semi-nomadic life, were settled in Anatolia, where Turks were the majority. In this way, it was envisioned that they would fulfill certain obligations, such as taxation and military service, and that by changing their identities and lifestyles, could become a useful element.

Abstract Background In response to the global scope of forced displacement, international organizations highlight the need of scalable solutions to support individuals’ health and integration into host societies. Exposure to high mental and physical stress perceived before, during, and after displacement can impair functional capabilities, essential for adapting to a new environment. This secondary analysis examined the impact of an exercise and sport intervention on cognitive function and pain severity among individuals living in a refugee camp in Greece. Methods We implemented a randomized controlled trial involving n = 142 (52.8% women) forcibly displaced individuals from Southwest Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Participants were randomly assigned to a waitlist or a 10-week co-designed exercise and sport intervention with a 1:1 allocation rate between groups and sexes. Assessments at baseline and follow-up included the Flanker task, the Oddball paradigm, pain severity via visual analog scales, and the Åstrand-Rhyming indirect test of maximal oxygen uptake. We analyzed the intervention effects using structural equation modeling. Results Our findings did not indicate a direct intervention effect on cognitive function or pain (p ≥ .332). However, the intervention group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness, ß = .17, p = .010, which was associated with faster reaction times in cognitive tasks, ß = − .22, p = .004. Moreover, there was some evidence that adherence might be linked to reduced pain severity, ß = − .14, p = .065. Conclusions Exercise and sport did not directly impact cognitive function and pain severity among a sociodemographically diverse sample living in a refugee camp, suggesting the need for complementary measures. Nevertheless, our results indicate that improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness benefit aspects of attention. Trial registration The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Thessaly (no. 39) and registered prospectively on February 8, 2021 at the ISRCTN registry (no. 16291983).

Background: The increasing migration of internationally educated nurses (IENs) from developing to developed countries highlights the importance of implementing integration strategies that facilitate their workplace transition, leading to improved job satisfaction and professional competence. Aim: The mixed‐methods systematic review aimed to synthesise the current literature on factors influencing job satisfaction and professional competencies among IENs throughout their transition process, including the pre‐migration, migration, and post‐migration periods. Methods: This study conducted a mixed‐methods systematic review from 2013 to 2023, using the CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed databases and employing a Population, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes (PICO) framework. Quality assessment employed the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and data analysis followed a convergent parallel design. Data synthesis was presented narratively, and the literature review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Out of 565 articles, eleven studies (eight qualitative, two quantitative, and one mixed‐method) met the inclusion criteria. Three key themes that influenced job satisfaction and professional competencies among IENs were identified: pre‐migration and pre‐deployment demands, challenges in workplace integration, and post‐migration career challenges and retention strategies. Limitations: The study primarily focused on IENs recruited from developing countries, potentially limiting the generalisability of the findings to IENs from other regions or countries. Furthermore, the inclusion of nurses from developed countries who also migrated was limited in the available studies, which further restricts the applicability of the research findings. Conclusions: It is essential to reconsider the pre‐migration language requirements and evaluate the feasibility of completing them during the integration period to enhance the job satisfaction and professional competencies of IENs. Additionally, key factors for improving job satisfaction among IENs include providing personalised support, addressing managerial barriers, facilitating career advancement, efficiently managing workloads, and promoting effective communication within the healthcare team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration affects development in both the rural and urban areas. This has been a major challenge in Ethiopia’s development in general and Woldia’s urban growth in particular. Therefore, this study examines the effects of migration on migrant sending and receiving areas of Ethiopia, by considering Woldia town and its surrounding areas as a case study. To achieve the study objectives, data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 395 respondents using questionnaire. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also employed along with the survey. Secondary data sources were also used. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis was employed. The result showed that there was socio-economic development gap between rural and urban areas. The findings also revealed that the majority of migrants were of rural origin, traveled short distances, and they were male in the age group of 25–44. To this end, migrants have faced challenges with social services and employments at destination in one hand, and decline of labour force and productivity at the origin on the other hand. Hence, in order to address the challenges, the study suggests that government interventions should be made to provide jobs, basic social services and infrastructure facilities to both rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Typically mobile and vulnerable, migrants face significant barriers to access to routine malaria prevention, diagnostics and treatment, which leads to unchecked malaria transmission, particularly in border regions with a high population displacement. This study aimed to investigate the demographic and socioeconomic obstacles to access to malaria services among Myanmar migrants residing in the Thailand–Myanmar border areas. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2024 across three districts near the Thailand–Myanmar border. Quantitative data were collected from Myanmar migrants using standardized questionnaires through structured surveys. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and simple and multiple logistic regression models. Results Out of 300 participants, approximately a quarter (27.3%) reported adequate access to comprehensive malaria services, including prevention, diagnostics, treatment and malaria-related health information. In multiple logistic regression models, factors associated with inadequate access included Myanmar migrants aged over 60 years (aOR: 7.63, 95% CI 1.74–20.58), accompanied by one to three family members (aOR: 3.33, 95% CI 1.06–8.45), earning monthly incomes below 3000 THB (aOR: 5.13, 95% CI 1.38–19.09) and 3000 to 6000 THB (aOR: 3.64, 95% CI 1.06–12.51), belonging to the Karen ethnicity (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.02–3.84), with poor perception toward malaria (aOR: 2.03, 95% CI 1.03–4.01) and with poor preventive and health-seeking practices (aOR: 5.83, 95% CI 2.71–9.55). Conclusions A significant proportion of Myanmar migrants encounter demographic and socioeconomic barriers to access to routine malaria services in Thailand. Tailored interventions are required to expand such access, including the recruitment of worksite health volunteers, strengthening the role of ethnic health organizations across the border and collaboration with private sector stakeholders (e.g. farm/company owners) to distribute preventive tools and ensure timely referral of suspected malaria cases to health facilities.

This study investigates the influence of remittance income and economic growth on the inflation rate in South Asian Association for Regional Corporation (SAARC) countries. Remittance inflows have a double effect on the economy's inflation rate: firstly, it increases consumer spending capacity, driving up demand for goods and services, which can lead to higher prices; secondly the influx of foreign currency can cause local currency appreciation, raising import costs and contributing to inflation. While previous studies have focused primarily on how inflation hinders economic growth, this study seeks to understand how economic growth causes inflation from the other side. Economic growth boosts consumer and business spending, increasing demand for goods and services, which can increase prices. Furthermore, higher demand for resources and labor can raise production costs, further contributing to inflation. The correlation between remittance income and inflation has been extensively documented, but the impact of economic growth on inflation remains to be determined. The study is based on descriptive and exploratory research design and driven by a positivist research philosophy. The present study is based on secondary data collected from World Bank reports and the countries' economic surveys. This study uses an unbalanced panel dataset of 272 data points from eight member countries of SAARC. Basic econometric techniques such as covariance analysis, panel unit root testing, panel autoregressive distributed lag model, and scaled coefficient analysis are employed. The remittance income is only statistically significant at the 10 percent significance level. A one percent increase in remittance income leads to a 0.284 percent increase in inflation over the long run. The growth rate of gross domestic product plays a crucial role in setting inflation. One percent rise in gross domestic product growth leads to a 0.3405 percent increase in inflation in the long term. The error correction term exhibits a negative and statistically significant relationship. The coefficient size suggested that around 65.14 percent of the disequilibrium was rectified in each cycle. The current year's lagged gross domestic product growth negatively and statistically significantly impacts economic growth. One percent rise in gross domestic product growth led to 0.3308 percent fall in inflation in the short term across SAARC countries. The results indicate that remittance income has a minimal long-term effect on inflation in SAARC nations, whereas gross domestic product growth substantially impacts inflation. Policymakers should prioritize promoting sustainable economic growth to mitigate inflationary pressures effectively.

Abstract Background Many high-income countries are grappling with severe labour shortages in the healthcare sector. Refugees and recent migrants present a potential pool for staff recruitment due to their higher unemployment rates, younger age, and lower average educational attainment compared to the host society's labour force. Despite this, refugees and recent migrants, often possessing limited language skills in the destination country, are frequently excluded from traditional recruitment campaigns conducted solely in the host country’s language. Even those with intermediate language skills may feel excluded, as destination-country language advertisements are perceived as targeting only native speakers. This study experimentally assesses the effectiveness of a recruitment campaign for nursing positions in a German care facility, specifically targeting Arabic and Ukrainian speakers through Facebook advertisements. Methods We employ an experimental design (AB test) approximating a randomized controlled trial, utilizing Facebook as the delivery platform. We compare job advertisements for nursing positions in the native languages of Arabic and Ukrainian speakers (treatment) with the same advertisements displayed in German (control) for the same target group in the context of a real recruitment campaign for nursing jobs in Berlin, Germany. Our evaluation includes comparing link click rates, visits to the recruitment website, initiated applications, and completed applications, along with the unit cost of these indicators. We assess statistical significance in group differences using the Chi-squared test. Results We find that recruitment efforts in the origin language were 5.6 times (Arabic speakers) and 1.9 times (Ukrainian speakers) more effective in initiating nursing job applications compared to the standard model of German-only advertisements among recent migrants and refugees. Overall, targeting refugees and recent migrants was 2.4 (Ukrainians) and 10.8 (Arabic) times cheaper than targeting the reference group of German speakers indicating higher interest among these groups. Conclusions The results underscore the substantial benefits for employers in utilizing targeted recruitment via social media aimed at foreign-language communities within the country. This strategy, which is low-cost and low effort compared to recruiting abroad or investing in digitalization, has the potential for broad applicability in numerous high-income countries with sizable migrant communities. Increased employment rates among underemployed refugee and migrant communities, in turn, contribute to reducing poverty, social exclusion, public expenditure, and foster greater acceptance of newcomers within the receiving society.

Poland has faced several crisis situations related to migration in the past decade. With differences in the scale and origins of incoming people, these crises have triggered various reactions from Polish policy-makers, from the welcoming of non-EU migrants to the implementation of restrictive measures at the Polish border. The present research uses a discursive approach to study the ways in which non-EU migrants are presented and discussed in Poland. By comparing official discourses from Polish authorities during the 2015–2016 migration crisis, the 2021 border crisis with Belarus and following the Russian war on Ukraine in 2022, we analyse how different groups of non-EU migrants are discursively described and considered by political figures. Furthermore, as these crises have important links with the European Union (EU), we also investigate how Poland’s relationship with the EU is envisioned by Polish authorities. Through the discourse analysis carried out, we argue that ‘migrants’ and ‘refugees’ are discursively constructed as opposing groups in a manner that is highly visible. This discursive strategy is instrumentally used to reflect on the perceived deservingness, alterity or proximity of incoming people. We identify one unifying perspective of Poland’s relationship with the EU throughout these crises: Polish authorities are keen to stress the importance of its membership of the EU when benefiting from the latter’s restriction of migration to Europe.

The Balik community is the indigenous population residing in the Nusantara Capital, located in the Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The Balik community has a distinct cultural identity that signifies their identity as members of the Balik ethnic group, one of which is the Balik language. This study investigates the impact of migration on the linguistic and cultural identity of the Balik ethnic group residing in the Nusantara Capital, primarily focusing on the gradual decline of the use of the Balik language and its implications for cultural preservation. It employed a qualitative research approach with a case study design. Data were collected through interviews and participant observation. The analysis of the data involved techniques such as data condensation, data display, and conclusion. The case study findings indicate that the Balik ethnic community tends to be reluctant to use the Balik language in daily communication, both within the household and in the Balik community. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon, including the Balik ethnic community’s preference and greater comfort in using the Indonesian language, a lack of appreciation for the Balik language, and intensive interaction with migrants over a prolonged period. This research highlights the need for the preservation of the Balik language and culture, which is a vital component of Balik cultural identity. The implications of these findings include the necessity for language education programmes in schools, the increased cultural events promoting the use of the Balik language, and awareness campaigns to increase appreciation for regional languages. These practical steps are expected to promote the preservation of the Balik language and cultural identity, while enriching Indonesia’s national cultural diversity amidst the increasing migration and urbanisation in the Nusantara Capital. This study significantly contributes to the social and cultural planning and development in the Nusantara Capital and enriches the academic discourse on migration, cultural identity, and language preservation.

Aims Design Methods Data Sources Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Reporting Method To examine immigrant and minority parents' experiences of having a newborn infant in the neonatal intensive care unit and explore healthcare professionals' experiences in delivering care to immigrant and minority families.A meta‐ethnographic review informed by eMERGe guidelines.We conducted a systematic literature review. Studies were included if they explored immigrant or minority parent experiences in neonatal intensive care units and health professional experiences delivering care to immigrant and minority families in neonatal intensive care. Reporting followed ENTREQ guidelines.Database searches included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Google Scholar. Boolean search strategies were used to identify qualitative studies. No limitations on commencement date; the end date was 23rd August 2022. PRISMA guidelines used for screening and article quality assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for qualitative studies.Initial search yielded 2468 articles, and nine articles met criteria for inclusion. Three overarching themes were identified: (1) Overwhelming Emotions, (subthemes: Overwhelming Inadequacy; Cultural Expressions of Guilt; Not Belonging), (2) Circles of Support, (subthemes: Individual Level‐Spirituality; External Level‐Connecting with Family; Structured Peer‐to‐Peer Support), (3) Negotiating Relationships with Healthcare Professionals (subthemes: Connecting; Disconnected; Linguistic Barriers). Interactions between healthcare professionals and immigrant and minority parents were the strongest recurring theme.There can be a mismatch between immigrant and minority families' needs and the service support provided, indicating improvements in neonatal intensive care are needed. Despite challenges, parents bring cultural and family strengths that support them through this time, and many neonatal intensive care staff provide culturally respectful care.Professionals should be encouraged to identify and work with family strengths to ensure parents feel supported in the neonatal intensive care unit. Findings can inform policy and practice development to strengthen health professionals capabilities to support immigrant and minority families in neonatal units.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklists were used to report the screening process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon arrival in Sweden, adult migrants are required to learn Swedish at the earliest opportunity. This requirement also extends to deaf migrants, regardless of their linguistic and educational backgrounds. This paper presents findings and experiences derived from a project focused on the multilingual situation of deaf migrants in Sweden. Some deaf migrants have acquired sign language skills from birth and have received formal education, while others have had limited exposure to language and have never attended school. Due to a scarcity of interpreters proficient in different sign languages and many deaf migrants lacking knowledge of such languages, it becomes imperative for them to participate in courses aimed at learning Swedish Sign Language (STS). This enables effective communication with the Swedish Migration Agency and other authorities through STS-interpreters. They are also required, similar to other migrants, to acquire proficiency in reading and writing Swedish. Paradoxically, Sweden imposes the same education duration requirements on deaf migrants as hearing who only learn one language. Consequently, deaf migrants encounter challenges in attaining sufficient language proficiency level for successful integration into Swedish society. The paper highlights challenges and emphasizes the importance of addressing the unique language-learning needs of deaf migrants to facilitate their successful integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Typically mobile and vulnerable, migrants face significant barriers to access to routine malaria prevention, diagnostics and treatment, which leads to unchecked malaria transmission, particularly in border regions with a high population displacement. This study aimed to investigate the demographic and socioeconomic obstacles to access to malaria services among Myanmar migrants residing in the Thailand–Myanmar border areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2024 across three districts near the Thailand–Myanmar border. Quantitative data were collected from Myanmar migrants using standardized questionnaires through structured surveys. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and simple and multiple logistic regression models. Results: Out of 300 participants, approximately a quarter (27.3%) reported adequate access to comprehensive malaria services, including prevention, diagnostics, treatment and malaria-related health information. In multiple logistic regression models, factors associated with inadequate access included Myanmar migrants aged over 60 years (aOR: 7.63, 95% CI 1.74–20.58), accompanied by one to three family members (aOR: 3.33, 95% CI 1.06–8.45), earning monthly incomes below 3000 THB (aOR: 5.13, 95% CI 1.38–19.09) and 3000 to 6000 THB (aOR: 3.64, 95% CI 1.06–12.51), belonging to the Karen ethnicity (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.02–3.84), with poor perception toward malaria (aOR: 2.03, 95% CI 1.03–4.01) and with poor preventive and health-seeking practices (aOR: 5.83, 95% CI 2.71–9.55). Conclusions: A significant proportion of Myanmar migrants encounter demographic and socioeconomic barriers to access to routine malaria services in Thailand. Tailored interventions are required to expand such access, including the recruitment of worksite health volunteers, strengthening the role of ethnic health organizations across the border and collaboration with private sector stakeholders (e.g. farm/company owners) to distribute preventive tools and ensure timely referral of suspected malaria cases to health facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

281 million people have registered immigrated lawfully worldwide, according to the International Organization for Migration's 2024 World Migration Report. It is predicted that migration is the world's population's 3.6. The International Labour Organization reports that there are 164 million workers and 245 million persons of working age in the world. 4.9% of workers worldwide are immigrants. Nonetheless, a number of elements make it difficult to employ migrant labour or provide difficulties for who is migrant workers. The challenges encountered by migrant workers before to and during, their employment are analysed in great detail in this study. The study aims to raise social awareness regarding the problems faced by immigrant labour in working life and emphasizes the importance of human rights, which include everyone. The data of the study was obtained by document analysis, one of the qualitative analysis methods, and the obtained data was evaluated by the content analysis method. Problems related to the employment of immigrant labour can be eliminated within the framework of a rights-based approach based on human rights. In working life, the suitability of the immigrant workforce with the qualifications of the job, workplace and enterprise, their skill level and rights should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to provide a critical analysis of the current literature on the use of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) for the management and treatment of mental health disorders among refugees and asylum seekers. These groups are among the most disadvantaged compared to the general population in terms of health and socio‐economic status, due to conflicts and wars. The number of refugees fleeing their home countries is growing exponentially, and refugees experience trauma, torture, persecution and human right abuses, which have a profound effect on their mental health and overall well‐being. The researchers conducted an integrative literature review from electronic databases Medline, CINAHL and Google Scholar, selecting articles published in English from 2010 to 2023. The thematic analysis of the 10 articles identified in the review revealed four main themes and two sub‐themes: (1) types of digital health intervention/apps used; (2) barriers encountered in digital health intervention; (3) user experience of the digital health intervention and (4) mapping gaps. Two sub‐themes were identified located in Theme 2: (2.1) Language and demographic barriers and (2.2) Structural barriers. The study showed that the use of DMHIs was associated with positive experiences among refugees and asylum seekers. Limited mental health care is offered to refugees and asylum seekers due to a range of logistical, political, economic, geographical, language, cultural and social barriers. DMHIs have the potential to overcome and/or moderate these barriers. The study concludes that the scaled implementation of effective DMHIs holds the possibility to improve the wider distribution of mental health care among refugees and asylum seekers. However, further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of DMHIs and to scale up studies for their utilisation among this group. In summary, this study highlights the potential of DMHIs in improving the mental health care of refugees and asylum seekers. The results of this study have important implications for mental health service providers, policymakers and researchers to address the mental health needs of this vulnerable/priority group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disparities in primary care utilization among migrants with early psychosis may be related to lack of access to a regular primary care physician. This study aimed to investigate access to a regular primary care physician among first-generation migrants with early psychosis. People aged 14–35 years with first onset non-affective psychotic disorder in Ontario, Canada were identified in health administrative data (N = 39,440). Access to a regular primary care physician through enrollment in the year prior to diagnosis was compared between first-generation migrants (categorized by country of birth) and the general population using modified Poisson regression. Most migrant groups had a lower prevalence of regular primary care physician access relative to the general population, particularly migrants from Africa (African migrants: 81% vs. non-migrants: 89%). Adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors attenuated these differences, although the disparities for migrants from Africa remained (PR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.94–0.99). Interventions aimed at improving primary care physician access in migrant groups may facilitate help-seeking and improve pathways to care in early psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ensuring vaccination coverage reaches established herd immunity thresholds (HITs) is the cornerstone of any vaccination programme. Diverse migrant populations in European countries have been associated with cases of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and outbreaks, yet it is not clear to what extent they are an under-immunized group. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize peer-reviewed published primary research reporting data on the immune status of migrants in EU/EEA countries, the UK and Switzerland, calculating their pooled immunity coverage for measles, mumps, rubella and diphtheria using random-effects models. We searched on Web of Science, Embase, Global Health and MEDLINE (1 January 2000 to 10 June 2022), with no language restrictions. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018103666). Findings Of 1103 abstracts screened, 62 met eligibility criteria, of which 39 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 75 089 migrants, predominantly from outside Europe. Pooled immunity coverage among migrant populations was well below the recommended HIT for diphtheria (n  = 7, 57.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.1–71.7%] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 83–86%), measles (n  = 21, 83.7% [95% CI: 79.2–88.2] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 93–95%) and mumps (n  = 8, 67.1% [95% CI: 50.6–83.6] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 88–93%) and midway for rubella (n  = 29, 85.6% [95% CI: 83.1–88.1%] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 83–94%), with high heterogeneity across studies. Interpretation Migrants in Europe are an under-immunized group for a range of important VPDs, with this study reinforcing the importance of engaging children, adolescents and adults in 'catch-up' vaccination initiatives on arrival for vaccines, doses and boosters they may have missed in their home countries. Co-designing strategies to strengthen catch-up vaccination across the life course in under-immunized groups is an important next step if we are to meet European and global targets for VPD elimination and control and ensure vaccine equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of house prices on floating populations' fertility intentions in China. Specifically, this is among the first studies to distinguish between urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban migrants. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), the results indicate that higher house prices discourage urban-to-urban migrants' fertility intentions but do not significantly affect rural-to-urban migrants' fertility intentions. Moreover, among urban-to-urban migrants, homeowners and those with higher levels of education are more adversely affected by higher house prices. Potential mechanisms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammography can reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality. Studies on the utilization of mammography among migrant and non-migrant women are inconsistent. Many of these studies do not take the heterogeneity of migrants in terms of ethnicity and country of origin into account. The aim of the present study was to examine disparities in the use of mammography between non-migrant women and the five largest migrant groups in Austria. The study used data from a nationwide population-based survey of 5118 women aged 45 years and older and analyzed the participation in mammography as a dependent variable. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare mammography uptake between the aforementioned groups of women, while adjusting for socioeconomic and health variables. The study shows that all migrant groups involved tended to use mammography less frequently than non-migrant women; statistically significant differences, however, were only observed for Hungarian migrant women (adjusted OR = 0.36; 95%-CI: 0.13, 0.95; p = 0.038) and women from a Yugoslavian successor state (adjusted OR = 0.55; 95%-CI: 0.31, 0.99; p = 0.044). These findings are consistent with other studies in Europe and beyond, highlighting the heterogeneity of migrant populations and emphasizing the need for a diversity-sensitive approach to health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study explored community-based doulas’ experiences working with immigrant clients and maternal health-care providers in Arkansas. A descriptive qualitative design was used. Three themes emerged: (1) experiences with immigrant clients; (2) experiences with maternal health-care providers; (3) suggestions to improve support for immigrant clients. Within the first theme, three subthemes emerged: (1) language barriers; (2) transportation; (3) access to food and housing. Within the second theme, two subthemes emerged: (1) dismissive; (2) takes time to build rapport. Within the third theme, two subthemes emerged: (1) listen to the client and improve communication; (2) more community-based doulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of "transit" is an understudied phenomenon in migration studies. Transit is not necessarily a linear and unidirectional temporal movement from origin to destination countries, nor is it a clearly demarcated event in time and space. This article examines the complex dimensions of transit, that is, the geospatial, social, economic, psychological, and relational aspects that both shape and are being shaped by asylum seekers. Drawing on a unique qualitative phenomenological approach, the study utilizes an in-depth case narrative to trace and analyze the transit of Mamadou, a Guinean 26-year-old male asylum seeker in France. The salient themes of the narrative fall into five parts: (1) Triggers of transit; (2) Transit as a survival strategy; (3) The complex legal hurdles of asylum; (4) The politics of discomfort and dispersal; and (5) Acts of resistance. Throughout the narrative, an analytic lens is interwoven as informed by relevant literature. The results highlight how Mamadou's migration trajectory is characterized by various cycles of trauma, while he simultaneously employs survival, livelihood, and resistance strategies to confront and overcome these different forms of trauma. This paper highlights the much-needed call to depoliticize transit through adopting a pragmatic approach to asylum that promotes a virtuous cycle of policies, which contribute to the wellbeing and integration of asylum seekers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many high-income countries are grappling with severe labour shortages in the healthcare sector. Refugees and recent migrants present a potential pool for staff recruitment due to their higher unemployment rates, younger age, and lower average educational attainment compared to the host society's labour force. Despite this, refugees and recent migrants, often possessing limited language skills in the destination country, are frequently excluded from traditional recruitment campaigns conducted solely in the host country's language. Even those with intermediate language skills may feel excluded, as destination-country language advertisements are perceived as targeting only native speakers. This study experimentally assesses the effectiveness of a recruitment campaign for nursing positions in a German care facility, specifically targeting Arabic and Ukrainian speakers through Facebook advertisements. Methods: We employ an experimental design (AB test) approximating a randomized controlled trial, utilizing Facebook as the delivery platform. We compare job advertisements for nursing positions in the native languages of Arabic and Ukrainian speakers (treatment) with the same advertisements displayed in German (control) for the same target group in the context of a real recruitment campaign for nursing jobs in Berlin, Germany. Our evaluation includes comparing link click rates, visits to the recruitment website, initiated applications, and completed applications, along with the unit cost of these indicators. We assess statistical significance in group differences using the Chi-squared test. Results: We find that recruitment efforts in the origin language were 5.6 times (Arabic speakers) and 1.9 times (Ukrainian speakers) more effective in initiating nursing job applications compared to the standard model of German-only advertisements among recent migrants and refugees. Overall, targeting refugees and recent migrants was 2.4 (Ukrainians) and 10.8 (Arabic) times cheaper than targeting the reference group of German speakers indicating higher interest among these groups. Conclusions: The results underscore the substantial benefits for employers in utilizing targeted recruitment via social media aimed at foreign-language communities within the country. This strategy, which is low-cost and low effort compared to recruiting abroad or investing in digitalization, has the potential for broad applicability in numerous high-income countries with sizable migrant communities. Increased employment rates among underemployed refugee and migrant communities, in turn, contribute to reducing poverty, social exclusion, public expenditure, and foster greater acceptance of newcomers within the receiving society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study comparatively analyzed the migration policy of the Ottoman Empire inherited from the reign of Ab dülhamid II to the Second Constitutional Period, with a special focus on Kurdish muhajirs (migrants, coined from the Arabic word meaning "one who migrated from Mecca to Medina") and refugees. In this regard, it was observed that the arrival of a significantly large Muslim muhajir group to the Ottoman lands was not viewed negatively during the reign of Abdülhamid II, as it would lead to an increase in the Muslim population. The reason behind this was that these muhajirs, the majority of whom came from the Caucasus, would be settled in the lands left by Armenians who had migrated due to war, famine, attacks by Kurdish tribes, or economic difficulties, and thus a safer region could be created in the east. Although this approach was maintained for an extended period of time after the proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy, certain changes occurred over time, and the Islamic perspective was replaced by a more nationalist-oriented understanding in the resettlement of Muslim muhajirs, especially as the Turkist idea became dominant in the bureaucracy. Thus, attempts were made to settle many Kurdish refugees fleeing from the war zones during the First World War on the axis of nationality. The main purpose of such a policy was to ensure that the Kurds, who led a nomadic or semi-nomadic life, were settled in Anatolia, where Turks were the majority. In this way, it was envisioned that they wouldfulfill certain obligations, such as taxation and military service, and that by changing their identities and lifestyles, could become a useful element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rates of dementia are increasing in migrant populations, however, there is evidence that they remain underrepresented in older adult healthcare services. Barriers and facilitators to accessing dementia care have been explored from the viewpoint of migrants and caregivers, however, no review has synthesised the literature pertaining to clinicians' viewpoints. This review aimed to explore clinician perspectives as to the barriers and facilitators in assessing and diagnosing dementia in migrant populations. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Databases included EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and ProQuest. Qualitative studies from the perspective of European clinicians were included. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Critical Appraisals Programme Tool (CASP). The analysis adopted a thematic synthesis approach. Results: The review included 11 qualitative studies relating to the diagnosis of dementia in migrants. The quality of the studies was generally high, although few studies reported on the relationship between the researcher and the participants. The data related more to the barriers in diagnosing dementia, and few facilitators were found. Four themes were constructed: (1) service access (2) perceptions of migrant beliefs (3) relationships and (4) quality of the diagnostic process. Conclusions: The review is limited by the small number of studies available. The findings highlight significant clinical concerns in the diagnosis of migrants, in particular the underrepresentation of migrants within services and the barriers to access they may face. The quality of the diagnostic process was often thought to be undermined by a lack of culturally sensitive assessment tools. Further research on the use of an interpreter in diagnosing dementia is needed. Key Points: Increasing Rates of Dementia in Migrant Populations: The background highlights a rising trend of dementia in migrant populations, emphasising the need to comprehend current barriers and facilitators in diagnosing this group from the perspective of clinicians.Systematic Review Methodology: A systematic review was conducted, involving databases such as EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and ProQuest. Qualitative studies from the viewpoint of European clinicians were included, with the methodological quality assessed using the CASP tool. Thematic synthesis, was employed for analysis.Focus on Barriers in Diagnosing Dementia: The results of the review, based on 11 qualitative studies, predominantly addressed barriers in diagnosing dementia among migrants, with few facilitators identified. Four themes emerged: service access, perceptions of migrant beliefs, relationships, and the quality of the diagnostic process.Clinical Concerns and Need for Further Research: Significant clinical concerns were highlighted, particularly the underrepresentation of migrants in services and the barriers they may encounter. The quality of the diagnostic process was perceived to be compromised by a deficiency in culturally sensitive assessment tools. The review emphasised the necessity for additional research, especially regarding the role of interpreters in diagnosing dementia in migrant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]