Search

The issue of illegal migration has escalated into a critical concern for numerous nations, including Bulgaria. This article examines the consequences of illegal migration on Bulgaria’s national security, analyzing current data, policy measures, and socio-economic effects. The discussion highlights the diverse risks and threats associated with illegal migration and emphasizes the need for well-rounded strategies that address both security needs and humanitarian responsibilities. Illegal migration poses substantial risks to Bulgaria’s national security, affecting border integrity, economic stability, social cohesion, and international relations. A balanced approach that combines robust security measures with humanitarian responsibilities and international cooperation is essential for tackling these challenges. By implementing comprehensive strategies, Bulgaria can mitigate the threats posed by illegal migration while fulfilling its ethical and legal obligations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Currently, migration processes are an integral part of the development of modern society. Every year, almost all countries in the world record the number of outflows and inflows of citizens, the entry and exit of the population for permanent or temporary residence, etc.Goal. The goal is to identify the impact of active migration processes on the socio-economic, cultural and demographic climate of Russia.Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the official portal ROSMIGRANT, the official website of the Russian International Affairs Council, with the help of which summary tables are generated for a holistic study of the problem.Results and discussion. There are approximately 280 million international migrants in the world. Based on strategic forecasts and possible developments, each country individually forms its own migration policy. The basis of migration processes in most countries is labor migration.Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that only competent management of migration processes will create a stable and safe society that will contribute to the prosperity and development of the state together with attracting labor from abroad.

Migration is an essential vector of development when it is well managed, otherwise it can – generate irreversible macroeconomic, social and cultural imbalances. If before the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the most persistent reasons for immigration were those of an economic, educational and family reunification order, currently, one reason becomes even more persistent, namely the reason for the safety of the life and health of the resident citizen of the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of migration on the economic, social and cultural development of the host countries, but also of those abandoned in the short and long term, including the role of the Republic of Moldova in this migration flow.

Copyright of Economica: Revistă Ştiinţifico-Didactică is the property of Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (AESM) / Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova (AESM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA), as the only national-level city cluster in southwestern China, serves as a strategic support for the Yangtze River Economic Belt and an important demonstration area for promoting new urbanization in the country. The study of the networked characteristics of the CCUA contributes to a systematic understanding of its spatial connectivity patterns, optimization of spatial structure and layout, and promotion of high-quality regional development. In this study, we constructed models for traffic flow, information flow, migration flow, and composite flow to calculate the strength of connections between cities and the total flow of various elements in the CCUA. ArcGIS spatial visualization tools were used to depict the spatial connectivity patterns of the element flows within the CCUA. Additionally, social network analysis methods, including network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups analysis, were employed to reveal the spatial network structure characteristics of the CCUA. The findings are as follows: (1) The overall structure of the cities within the CCUA is relatively loose, with significant differences in connectivity strength. It exhibits a west-strong and east-weak pattern, with Chengdu-Chongqing, Chengdu-Deyang, Chengdu-Mianyang, and Chengdu-Meishan occupying the top tier, while Zigong and Ya'an have relatively weak connections with other cities. Chengdu and Chongqing have prominent positions in the CCUA, with Chengdu having a more prominent core position compared to Chongqing, resulting in an overall hierarchical distribution of “1 + 1+7 + 7”. (2) The network density of the element flows in the CCUA is relatively low, indicating a generally weak element connectivity. The centrality of cities other than Chengdu and Chongqing is at a moderate to lower level, suggesting a weak overall resource connectivity capacity in the CCUA. (3) Most cities tend to form cohesive subgroups based on geographic proximity, while the cohesive subgroup in Chongqing is still in its early stages of development due to administrative boundaries. The research results quantitatively depict the spatial network structure characteristics of the CCUA, providing theoretical references for its development.

Copyright of International Relations & International Law Journal / Seriâ Meždunarodnye Otnošeniâ & Meždunarodnoe Pravo is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Element flow has gradually become an important method for studying urban spatial structure. This study examined 11 prefectural cities in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration; constructed a measurement model for information, traffic, migration, and composite networks; and analyzed the spatial structure of the urban network of the urban agglomeration through social network analysis and spatial visualization. The spatial structure of the composite flow network had Xi'an as the center and Xianyang, Baoji, Weinan and Tianshui as important nodes; Yuncheng, Linfen and Qingyang were the secondary nodes, radiating to the surrounding three cities. Element flow connection strength was unbalanced, and only three city pairs were in the first level of the composite flow network. Network density was low-middle, and the network connection was weak. Xi'an was the primary central city of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration with the strongest agglomeration and radiation capabilities; it could communicate with other cities without intermediate cities and was a bridge for other cities. Tongchuan, Pingliang, Shangluo, and Qingyang were at the edge of the urban agglomeration and had weak agglomeration, radiation, and intermediary capabilities. The inner cities of cohesive subgroups were closely related with weak connections between subgroups. The single-polarization of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration was serious, and the single-core spatial structure centered on Xi'an had limited impact on the urban agglomeration. Development of small and medium-sized cities should be strengthened in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greatest problems that has been presented in the world, especially in Colombia, is due to an accelerated population growth generated by the overwhelming increase in migrant circulation or mobility of people due to other causes or eventual situations of nature. These social situations have been significantly affecting the urban order of cities, particularly due to the confinement of the population and the increase in environmental pollution that this increase brings, in addition to unhealthiness, poverty, among other factors. To study population growth based on demographic variables and environmental factors, an Artificial Neural Network was built to carry out a data analysis that incorporated related variables such as CO2 and other pollutants. The purpose was to identify the influence of these toxic agents with the growth of a population. Once the dynamic prediction was verified through the neural network, a mathematical model was built to study a specific case of demographic behavior for a certain Colombian region by means of a Forrester Diagram, where the migratory conditions, birth rate, morbidity, mortality, migratory flow (or mobility of people due to other natural events) and pollutants that affect human health mainly in respiratory diseases. The results delivered predictions and the Forrester Diagram confirming the relationship between toxic agents and demographic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population decline is expected to continue to be a prominent feature of Japanese demography in future decades. Internal migration plays a significant role in dictating the intensity of population decline at the regional level. In this paper we visualize inter-prefecture internal migration flows between the eight regions of Japan in 2020 using a chord diagram to show the relative scales of the origin–destination migration flows between each region. In addition, we use an animated series of chord diagrams to show the development of internal migration between 1954 and 2020. We fix the axis of the sectors of the chord diagram in the animation to illustrate the rapid growth and then slow decline (post-1972) in the regional migration system, as well as the interruption in the movement patterns during 2011, due to the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Migration is key to economic development, with varying implications and uneven impacts on origin and destination regions. This paper examines the variation in the major drivers of migration within and across continental blocs and the OECD in a gravity framework. The empirical model uses bilateral migration flow data for 182 countries over a 25 year period (1990–2015) while controlling for push and pull drivers of migration. The novelty of the study rests in the added dimension of the variation in the impact of migration drivers that is based on the direction of migration flow. The results suggest that migration drivers vary significantly across several economic blocs based in different regions and OECD countries. We find that the weight and significance of the impact of migration drivers vary significantly based on the direction of flow across continental blocs and the OECD, although some similarities exist in some regions regardless of the direction of migration flow. The results specifically show that economic and socio‐cultural drivers of migration are strongest when migration originates in continents dominated by developing countries and terminates in other continents, compared to migration that originates and terminates within the continents. This raises some anomalies and several issues of potential policy intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International migration is an important source of population change and economic development for Pacific Island countries. Migration from the Pacific Island region contributes to labour recruitment in countries like Australia, New Zealand and the United States. However, there are substantial gaps in the understanding of overall migration patterns in this region, impeding the development of relevant policies. In the absence of good migration statistics, we propose and present an alternative approach to examining the levels of migration in the Pacific Island region using model-based estimates. Three sets of recently produced migration flow estimates are consulted to explore the immigration and emigration levels and key migration corridors in the Pacific Island region between 2000 and 2019. Where reported migration statistics are available, we evaluate the performance of model-based estimates and highlight if there are problems with the reported data. This research brief demonstrates the value of model-based estimates to inform migration in the Pacific Island region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces the analysis of migration flows of young people under the age of 35 in the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh, Tomsk, Novosibirsk regions, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, Transbaikal and Primorsky territories. It is indicated that the characteristics posted by users in their VKontakte profiles form an array of significant sociological information. The novelty lies in identification of attractive regions and the specifics of potential migration youth groups based on data from open sources. The object area of the research is the social network VKontakte. The subject field is determined by the specifics of formation of migration flows of youth based on data from open sources in the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The aim of the research is to study the migration flows of young people under the age of 35 in the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation Methods. Using the open API «VKontakte», the data on the hometown and current place of residence of users were obtained. Open anonymized data of user profiles was used, as well as additional filtering of accounts for the presence of bots and fake profiles in order to validate the data. Results. The authors have considered in detail the directions of studying the activity of users in social networks. Special attention is paid to the significance and potential of using big data; the possibility of differentiating user groups by their activity within the technical capabilities of a particular social network is shown.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in external migration of the population in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and to develop applied recommendations for the regulation of external migration in the context of the need to save human resources. Methodology / approach. The theoretical and scientific-methodological basis of the study are the theories of migration, social economy and demography, methods of cognition of migration phenomena and processes. Current research involves such methods and approaches as logical generalization and synthesis to create the basic conclusions and proposals; comparative analysis to compare trends of external migration in the Carpathian region with average national indicators; structural and geographical analysis to assess the migrant rates in recipient countries; graphic and cartographic methods to visualize the results of research of migration flows. Results. The volume of external migration of the population in the Carpathian region of Ukraine as a border area is significant compared to national trends. The largest volumes of migration flows from the Carpathian region are directed to Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany, and Italy. The results of the structural analysis confirm the close migration relations of oblasts of the Carpathian region and neighboring countries, including the Carpathian region and Hungary, the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts with Poland, and Zakarpattya oblast and Moldova. It is determined that the real indicators of external migration from the Carpathian region significantly exceed the data of official statistics. It is proved that the critical challenges caused by the growing external migration in the Carpathian region relate to: increasing educational and labour migration of young people against an active pull migration policy for high qualified and working staff in the EU, increasing imbalances in regional labour markets, low wages and incomes, non-availability labour substitution effect due to low demographic reproduction and active immigration policies. Originality / scientific novelty. The system of priority goals of regional migration policy has been improved in terms of substantiation of mechanisms for regulating external migration of the population, which is based on the formation of information and analytical base of external migration of border areas and development of a new electronic system of labour and educational migration. For the first time, it has been proposed a system of measures to ensure the convergence of the institutional system for regulating regional migration flows from the Carpathian region by the leading models of EU countries. Practical value / implications. There are proposed and substantiated the tools and appropriate measures for regulating the external migration of the population in the Carpathian region under conditions of the need to save human resources and ensure the intellectual and personnel security in the region for their implementation by regional authorities.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Europe was a popular migration destination for Turkish people due to its employment opportunities. Today, however, these labor market drivers of migration destinations in the EU-28 have been superseded. This article empirically investigates the drivers of the migration destinations of Turkish newcomers to EU countries between 2008–2018. It contributes to the literature by focusing only on Turkish newcomers, whereas other studies rely on migration stock data. Using data provided by the OECD, Eurostat, and the World Bank, the findings show that security-based and social drivers mostly attract Turkish newcomers to EU-28 destinations, specifically a demand for democracy and social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural stem cell is a type of stem cell with self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Under certain conditions, neural stem cells can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, thereby participating in the occurrence of the nervous system. Considering that deep convolutional neural networks have better feature learning capabilities for image data than feedforward neural networks, this paper studies how to apply deep convolutional neural networks to modeling based on imaging features, and constructs convolutional neural networks. In this paper, the distribution of CD133+ neural stem cells in different neuroanatomical regions of rat brain and possible migration flow were studied. The experimental results show that there are obvious differences in the distribution of neural stem cells in different neuroanatomical regions. With the growth and development of rats, a large number of CD133+ neural stem cells migrate from the subventricular zone to the surrounding ganglia, corpus callosum, and cerebral cortex. Seven days before the operation, the rats were trained in water maze, and the EL (Escape Latency) of the rats was recorded for 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month. Compared with the control group of sham operation, EL was significantly increased in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group. Compared with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion + acupuncture group and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group, EL was significantly smaller. The results show that electroacupuncture can induce the proliferation of newborn cells in the brain and promote the differentiation of newborn cells into glial cells and nerve cells. After electroacupuncture intervention, a small number of new nerve cells already have the activity and function of secreting Ach. Electroacupuncture intervention can promote the recovery of rat nerve function after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Element flow has gradually become an important method for studying urban spatial structure. This study examined 11 prefectural cities in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration; constructed a measurement model for information, traffic, migration, and composite networks; and analyzed the spatial structure of the urban network of the urban agglomeration through social network analysis and spatial visualization. The spatial structure of the composite flow network had Xi’an as the center and Xianyang, Baoji, Weinan and Tianshui as important nodes; Yuncheng, Linfen and Qingyang were the secondary nodes, radiating to the surrounding three cities. Element flow connection strength was unbalanced, and only three city pairs were in the first level of the composite flow network. Network density was low-middle, and the network connection was weak. Xi’an was the primary central city of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration with the strongest agglomeration and radiation capabilities; it could communicate with other cities without intermediate cities and was a bridge for other cities. Tongchuan, Pingliang, Shangluo, and Qingyang were at the edge of the urban agglomeration and had weak agglomeration, radiation, and intermediary capabilities. The inner cities of cohesive subgroups were closely related with weak connections between subgroups. The single-polarization of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration was serious, and the single-core spatial structure centered on Xi’an had limited impact on the urban agglomeration. Development of small and medium-sized cities should be strengthened in the future.

The article shows results of marketing diagnosing of the migration flow development in 5 more or less developed countries of the world: Russia, the US, Canada, Mexico and Argentine. The authors studied and demonstrated the dependence of these countries on certain factors, which affect the level of population quality of life. Migration provides junction of mineral resources split by continents, countries and regions within countries and means of production with labour, it promotes meeting of population’s needs in jobs, housing, means of subsistence, social and professional mobility, changing social status and other characteristics of people life. By using statistic and comparative methods of research (correlative analysis, forecast, trend modeling) the authors managed to confirm or refute different hypotheses about labour migration development. They studied world ratings of countries by the level of expected life span, GDP per capita, weakness of states, unemployment, innovation development, competitiveness. By using the Russian Federation as an example the authors showed key challenges and advantages of migration flow. On the basis of the research recommendations dealing with improvement of migration climate in the Russian Federation were designed.

This study examines the relationship between attitudes toward migrants and social integration. Specifically, we consider two types of migration flow: migration flow from EU countries and migration flow from non-EU countries. The aims of this paper are twofold: (1) we want to understand whether an inclusive attitude towards migrants can contribute to their efforts to integrate with the receiving society (2) we want to understand whether the potential impact is the same across different migrant groups (EU vs. non-EU). Using data from 33 mainly European countries over the period 2003–2016 and controlling for common integration determinants such as inflation, foreign direct investment and educational attainment, our results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between inclusive and good attitude toward migrants and social integration. We also in the robustness sections, identify that the size of this impact differs across different subcomponents of attitudes and integration, these results are robust to alternative estimation techniques that take cares of endogeneity (System GMM, 2SLS, and Lewbel 2SLS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del artículo es revisar, analizar y dar seguimiento a la metodología, las cifras de las fuentes principales de información y las preguntas básicas: lugar de nacimiento, residencia previa y año de ingreso de los inmigrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos, para estimar el flujo de los que entraron a ese país. La estimación es por quinquenio, de 1950 a 2014 y por año, de 1991 a 2014; también se muestra la importancia de la elección del procedimiento y las fuentes de datos para calcular las proyecciones de población de México, pues éstas son el insumo básico para hacerlo. Se sostiene que las condiciones económicas y del mercado laboral estadounidense modulan los flujos migratorios de mexicanos a ese país, y la factibilidad de prever su comportamiento en ciertos escenarios.

The previous empirical literature suggests that socio‐economic conditions and demographic pressures are triggering factors of migration from Africa. We propose that economic freedom and institutional quality indicators of African countries are also important determinants of out‐migration from Africa. Hence, we investigate the effect of economic freedom and institutional quality on migration flow from 44 African countries to major migration destination countries. Aggregate indicators are derived for the quality of institutions and economic freedom using principal component analysis. Controlling for source and destination countries' income levels, population size, cultural, historical and physical distance, our findings provide evidence that migration flow from Africa is significantly determined by the institutional quality and economic freedom indicators in African countries. Our results are strongly robust to different econometric techniques used to control for sample selection bias, zero‐valued observations and endogeneity concern. Hence, improving institutional quality and maintaining economic freedom in African countries matters significantly to control out‐migration from Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport phenomena are investigated which are involved in the electrokinetic remediation process used for removing vanadium from deactivated catalysts from oil catalytic cracking that are currently allotted to cement plants and class‐I landfills. Variables such as the concentration of electrolyte, electric potential, and applied electric current were evaluated in order to determine the effects produced by electroosmosis, diffusion, hydraulic gradient, and electromigration on the removal of vanadium from the catalyst. It was observed that migration is the most relevant phenomenon in the remediation tests, and for the best remediation condition, the migratory flow accounted for about 87 % of the vanadium removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the key manifestations of globalisation is an increase in the spatial mobility of population involving growing numbers of people into international migration processes. This article is an attempt to assess the density of migration connections between European states based on the 1990—2015 quantitative data. An analysis of migration flows and relevant net migration and net migration and migration localisation at the national and regional levels makes it possible to identify key trends in the spatial and temporal transformation of this phenomenon on the European continent. Calculations suggest that an increase in migration has not narrowed the gap between source and recipient countries but, on the contrary, it has made it more pronounced over the recent decades. The article presents an attempt at classifying European countries by the direction and intensity of migration connections and stresses the impact of international migration on the demographic and sociocultural situation in different European states.

In China, the evolution of inter-provincial migration patterns is from policy orientation to individual selection and hotspot attraction during 1950–2010. These years, China's abundant regional labor flow brings prosperity to several famous high-growth regions, but also causes the problem of unbalanced development. It needs systematic analysis to do effective guidance and management of population mobility. This paper tries to analyze the driving and dragging force in China's inter-provincial migration flows with improved multilateral migration model stemming from individual behavior of potential migrants. It revealed the problem of imbalanced regional labor flow has been exacerbated in China since the 1990s, and the driving force for typical hotspots is different, as high income force for Beijing, Shanghai, and low barrier for Guangzhou, Zhejiang. The results of analyzing indicates the the distinct regional mobility barriers help to alleviate the problem of labor loss in some provinces since 1980s, but the regional imbalance in population migration continues to grow in recent years. Finally, with regression, we reveal the essential element affecting regional mobility barriers, and it could explain 70.8% of the influence factors. It also suggests that, for the provinces with labor loss, improving economic, welfare environment will mitigate the problem effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migration & Ethnic Themes: MET / Migracijske i Etničke Teme is the property of Institut za istrazivanje migracija / Institute for Migration Research (IMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, the role of international migration has increased dramatically in most European countries. The growth in migration has made some authors proclaim the beginning of a second Migration Period that could transform the social and cultural identity of Europe. The article presents an analysis of international migration geography in Europe in the last twenty-five years. The authors identify the main trends in migration, provide migration profiles of European countries, and propose a classification based on the recent changes in the migrant stock. Changes in the migrant stock (total emigration and immigration) reflect the level of involvement in international and global processes. They can serve as an indicator of a country’s attractiveness for both foreigners and the country’s citizens. The study shows that European countries are increasingly split into ‘immigrant’ and ‘emigrant’ states. The authors describe spatial patterns of migration. The volume and localisation of migration flows in Europe are affected not only by cultural and historical circumstance, such as a colonial past or a common language. The scale of immigrant influx often does not depend on a donor country’s demographic potential or the level of its socio-economic development. The links between the place of origin and destination are often more complex than it might initially seem. The authors stress the importance of a differentiated immigration policy taking into account ethnic and cultural features of host societies.

In recent decades, the role of international migration has increased dramatically in most European countries. The growth in migration has made some authors proclaim the beginning of a second Migration Period that could transform the social and cultural identity of Europe. The article presents an analysis of international migration geography in Europe in the last twenty-five years. The authors identify the main trends in migration, provide migration profiles of European countries, and propose a classification based on the recent changes in the migrant stock. Changes in the migrant stock (total emigration and immigration) reflect the level of involvement in international and global processes. They can serve as an indicator of a country’s attractiveness for both foreigners and the country’s citizens. The study shows that European countries are increasingly split into ‘immigrant’ and ‘emigrant’ states. The authors describe spatial patterns of migration. The volume and localisation of migration flows in Europe are affected not only by cultural and historical circumstance, such as a colonial past or a common language. The scale of immigrant influx often does not depend on a donor country’s demographic potential or the level of its socio-economic development. The links between the place of origin and destination are often more complex than it might initially seem. The authors stress the importance of a differentiated immigration policy taking into account ethnic and cultural features of host societies.

One of the key manifestations of globalisation is an increase in the spatial mobility of population involving growing numbers of people into international migration processes. This article is an attempt to assess the density of migration connections between European states based on the 1990—2015 quantitative data. An analysis of migration flows and relevant net migration and net migration and migration localisation at the national and regional levels makes it possible to identify key trends in the spatial and temporal transformation of this phenomenon on the European continent. Calculations suggest that an increase in migration has not narrowed the gap between source and recipient countries but, on the contrary, it has made it more pronounced over the recent decades. The article presents an attempt at classifying European countries by the direction and intensity of migration connections and stresses the impact of international migration on the demographic and sociocultural situation in different European states.