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Consuming microbiologically‐contaminated water is the primary cause of many water‐borne diseases and deaths worldwide. Governments aim at providing drinking water for vulnerable populations, especially through low‐cost interventions. Therefore, the solar disinfection (SODIS) of such pathogens provides a simple and cost‐effective way to obtain good quality water. In this procedure, PET bottles are filled with contaminated water and exposed to sunlight for 1–2 days. To accelerate decontamination, methylene blue (MB) dye added as a photocatalyst, boosts singlet oxygen generation upon absorbing red‐band sunlight. This study explores the use of a Sunlight Simulator (SSL) device to research and standardize the SODIS method with a vital dye as MB. PET bottles were filled with artificially‐contaminated water with Streptococcus epidermidis and Deinococcus radiodurans Gram‐positive bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium Gram‐negative bacteria, or bacteriophage λ as well. In all experiments, 50 ng/mL MB ensued a synergistic lethal effect after SSL exposure. The results indicate that bacterial and bacteriophage inactivation can be achieved in shorter times with MB‐SSL treatment compared to SSL without MB. In this sense, when compared to previous sunlight‐SODIS results, the SSL source is a reliable tool to study the parameters of both SODIS and MB‐SODIS protocols, and also a feasible tool to afford assays whenever there are unfavorable climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Bevacizumab has been widely used as a vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist in the treatment of retinal vasoproliferative disorders in adults and, more recently, in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Recently, it has been proposed that vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a protective factor for neurons and glial cells, particularly in developing nervous tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bevacizumab on the developing retinas of juvenile rabbits., Methods: Juvenile rabbits received bevacizumab intravitreously in one eye; the other eye acted as an untreated control. Slit-lamp and fundoscopic examinations were performed both prior to and seven days after treatment. At the same time, retina samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry to detect autophagy and apoptosis as well as proliferation and glial reactivity. Morphometric analyses were performed, and the data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test., Results: No clinical abnormalities were observed in either treated or untreated eyes. However, immunohistochemical analyses revealed a reduction in the occurrence of programmed cell death and increases in both proliferation and reactivity in the bevacizumab-treated group compared with the untreated group., Conclusions: Bevacizumab appears to alter programmed cell death patterns and promote gliosis in the developing retinas of rabbits; therefore, it should be used with caution in developing eyes.