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Resumen Introduccion La alimentacion oral de los recien nacidos pretermino (RNPT) esta dificultada por su inmadurez y enfermedades intercurrentes, lo que puede prolongar su estancia hospitalaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la efectividad de un programa que combina la estimulacion tactil, kinestesica y oral (ET + K + O) frente a otro de estimulacion oral sola (EO), en el tiempo necesario para lograr la alimentacion independiente y el alta hospitalaria. Pacientes y metodos Estudio clinico de 2 grupos aleatorizados (EO vs. ET + K + O), realizado en 42 RNPT con una edad gestacional entre 27-32 semanas y un peso al nacimiento > 900 g. Los programas de estimulacion fueron realizados en sesiones de 15 min, durante 10 dias. Resultados Los RNPT del grupo de ET + K + O consiguieron antes la alimentacion oral independiente, en comparacion con el grupo de EO (24,9 ± 10,1 vs. 34,1 ± 15,6 dias, p = 0,02). Se realizo un analisis de covarianza, observando que las covariables PN y EG tuvieron efectos significativos en el tiempo hasta alcanzar la alimentacion por succion (peso al nacimiento: F[1, 38] = 5,79; p = 0,021; edad gestacional: F[1, 38] = 14,12; p = 0,001) y que una vez controlado su efecto, la intervencion seguia teniendo un efecto significativo (F[1, 38] = 6,07; p = 0,018). El grupo de ET + K + O, en comparacion con el de EO, consiguio antes el alta hospitalaria (39 ± 15 vs. 45 ± 18 dias), si bien la diferencia no fue significativa (p = 0,21). Conclusiones Las terapias combinadas que asocian ET + K + O son mas eficaces que la EO sola, para lograr la alimentacion oral independiente en los RNPT.

Gender violence is a major public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexist attitudes that could be associated with said violence, and to identify some sociodemographic variables that predict sexism. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 723 adolescents between the ages of 14 to 19. Their explicit sexist attitudes were measured with the EVAMVE and EARG scales, and their implicit attitudes were measured with a series of assessment items regarding the behavior of the protagonists of a video and a story in which a young couple interacts. Explicit and implicit sexist attitudes were detected in adolescents of both sexes. Qualitatively, the assessment of the behavior of the female protagonist is striking. Regarding the sexism predictors, it was found that male adolescents, those born outside of Spain, those who were studying in a public school, those whose parents did not have university studies, and those who consumed the most pornography presented attitudes that were significantly more sexist. These results suggest that it is necessary to strengthen education in equality and prevention of gender violence in adolescents, and to develop affective-sexual education programs.

Oral feeding of pre-term newborns (PTNB) is hampered by their immaturity and intercurrent diseases, which can prolong their hospital stay. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a program that combines tactile, kinesthetic and oral stimulation (T+K+OS) compared to another intervention based on exclusively oral stimulation (OS), in the time necessary to achieve independent feeding and hospital discharge.A clinical study of 2 randomized groups (OS vs. T+K+OS) was carried out on 42 PTNB with gestational age between 27-32 weeks and birth weight900g. The stimulation programs were carried out in sessions of 15min, for 10 days.The PTNBs in the T+K+OS group achieved independent oral feeding earlier, compared to the OS group (24.9±10.1 vs. 34.1±15.6 days, P=.02). An analysis of covariance was performed, which confirmed that the birth weight and gestational age covariates had significant effects on time to reach suction feeding (birth weight: F[1, 38]=5.79; P=.021; gestational age: F[1, 38]=14.12; P=.001) and that once its effect was controlled, the intervention continued to have a significant effect (F[1, 38]=6.07; P=.018). The T+K+OS group, compared to the OS group, achieved an earlier hospital discharge (39±15 vs. 45±18 days), although the differences were not significant (P=.21).Combined therapies that include T+K+OS are more effective than OS alone, in order to achieve independent oral feeding in PTNBs.

Breastfeeding constitutes a priority in Public Health due to the multiple benefits it offers. The decision to breastfeed is usually made before pregnancy, and therefore it is important to include adolescents in breastfeeding promotion programs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a programme to improve knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding among teenager.Pretest-posttest randomized controlled study, carried out in 2008 in Tenerife. 970 teenagers participated (14,6±0.9 years), 506 experimental group (EG) and 524 control group (CG). Before the intervention and 4 weeks after, students completed a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding. The performed intervention consisted of: a talk, video projection, informative leaflets, narrative short stories and role-play activities. Chi-square test, student's t-test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, repeated measures variance analysis and covariance analysis were used.There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding knowledge (EG: 3.9±1.5, CG: 3.8±1.5) or attitudes towards breastfeeding, before the intervention. The same applies when compared by gender, school year, parents' occupation and type of school. The post-intervention questionnaire showed a significant increase in the level of knowledge of students from EG (EG: 6.9 ± 1.5, CG: 4.4 ± 1.8; p0.001) as well as a higher percentage of positive attitudes towards breastfeeding (GE: 71.13±28.5, GC: 54.27±28.9, p0,001). Covariance analysis showed a significant effect (p0,05) on attitudes towards breastfeeding of the variables gender and previous contact with breastfeeding.The educational program carried out is effective as a method to improve knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding among teenagers.La lactancia materna (LM) por sus múltiples beneficios constituye una prioridad en salud pública. La decisión de amamantar generalmente se toma antes del embarazo, siendo importante incluir a los adolescentes en los programas de promoción. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de un programa dirigido a mejorar los conocimientos y actitudes de los adolescentes sobre la LM.Estudio longitudinal pre-post-intervención, controlado y aleatorizado, realizado en 2008 en Tenerife. Participaron 970 adolescentes (14,6±0.9 años), 506 en el grupo experimental (GE) y 524 en el grupo control (GC). Antes de la intervención y a las 4 semanas cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre co- nocimientos y actitudes hacia la LM. La intervención incluyó: charla, vídeo, folletos informativos, relatos y rol-play. Se han utilizado las pruebas chi-cuadrado, t de student, coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas y análisis de covarianza.Antes de la intervención no había diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en los conocimientos (GE: 3.9±1.5, GC: 3.8±1.5) y actitudes sobre LM, ni diferencias asociadas al sexo, curso escolar, profesión de los padres y tipo de colegio. Tras la intervención, el GE registró un aumento significa- tivo en sus conocimientos (GE: 6.9±1.5, GC: 4.4±1.8 p0.001), así como un mayor porcentaje de actitudes positivas hacia la LM (GE: 71.13±28.5, GC: 54.27±28.9, p0,001). El análisis de covarianza reflejó un efecto significativo (p0,05) de las variables sexo y contacto previo con la LM en las actitudes.El programa educativo desarrollado es eficaz para mejorar los conocimientos y actitudes sobre LM en adolescentes.

[Objective]: To use an intracochlear test electrode to assess the integrity and the functionality of the auditory nerve in cochlear implant (CI) recipients and to compare electrical auditory brainstem responses (eABR) via the test electrode with the eABR responses with the CI., [Setting]: Otolaryngology department, tertiary referral hospital., [Patients]: Ten subjects (age at implantation 55 yr, range, 19–72) were subsequently implanted with a MED-EL CONCERTO CI on the side without any useful residual hearing., [Interventions]: Following identification of the round window (RW), the test electrode was inserted in the cochlea previous to cochlear implantation., [Main Outcome Measures]: To assess the quality of an eABR waveform, scoring criteria from Walton et al. (2008) were chosen. The waveforms in each session were classified by detecting waves III and V by the algorithm and visual assessment of the waveform. Speech performance was evaluated with monosyllables, disyllables, and sentence recognition tests., [Results]: It was possible to evoke electrical stimulation responses along with both the test electrode and the CI in all subjects. No significant differences in latencies or amplitudes after stimulation were found between the test electrode and the CI. All subjects obtained useful hearing with their CI and use their implants daily., [Conclusions]: The intracochlear test electrode may be suitable to test the integrity of the auditory nerve by recording eABR signals. This allows for further research on the status of the auditory nerve after tumor removal and correlation with auditory performance.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar cómo ciertas características del autoconcepto pueden influir en la elección de unas u otras metas en estudiantes universitarios. Se utilizó una adaptación al castellano de la escala Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal ([RISC]; Cross, Bacon, & Morris, 2000) para medir el grado en el que los estudiantes incorporan sus relaciones interpersonales significativas en la construcción del autoconcepto. En una muestra de 389 universitarios españoles (rango de edad 16-47, M = 19.28; DE = 3.15) se efectuaron distintos contrastes que mostraron diferencias significativas asociadas al género (♀ = 59% y ♂ = 41% con tamaños de efecto d 0.25-0.55) y a las puntuaciones (altas frente a bajas, d 0.42-0.91) en la escala del RISC. Asimismo, esta variable de diferencias individuales apareció como predictora significativa en la elección de determinado tipo de metas y de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas de autonomía, competencia y vinculación. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones en la elección de estudios y en lo que los estudiantes esperan encontrar en la universidad. The aim of this study was to explore the role of specific features of the selfconcept that could be associated with the choice of life goals. We developed an adaptation of the RISC (Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal; Cross, Bacon, & Morris 2000) to directly assess the degree to which individuals define themselves in terms of close relationships. The scale was translated into Spanish and its psychometric properties were analyzed with data from a sample of 389 university students (age range 16-47, M=19.28, ST=3.15). A set of contrast showed significant differences between men and women (♀=59% y ♂= 41% effect size d 0.25-0.55). Significant differences appeared also regarding extrinsic and intrinsic goals, interpersonal goals and needs satisfaction when students with a highly relational self-construal were compared with students with a low relational one (d 0.42-0.91). These results have implications for the choice of studies and what students expect in university life. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España PSI2008-00015/PSIC