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Salivary gland tumors are highly variable in clinical presentation and histology. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies 22 types of malignant and 11 types of benign tumors of the salivary glands. Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors is based on imaging (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, but the final diagnosis is based on histopathological examination of the removed tumor tissue. In this pilot study, we are testing a new approach to identifying peptide biomarkers in saliva that can be used to diagnose salivary gland tumors. The research material for the peptidomic studies was extracts from washings of neoplastic tissues and healthy tissues (control samples). At the same time, saliva samples from patients and healthy individuals were analyzed. The comparison of the peptidome composition of tissue extracts and saliva samples may allow the identification of potential peptide markers of salivary gland tumors in patients' saliva. The peptidome compositions extracted from 18 tumor and 18 healthy tissue samples, patients' saliva samples (11 samples), and healthy saliva samples (8 samples) were analyzed by LC-MS tandem mass spectrometry. A group of 109 peptides was identified that were present only in the tumor tissue extracts and in the patients' saliva samples. Some of the identified peptides were derived from proteins previously suggested as potential biomarkers of salivary gland tumors (ANXA1, BPIFA2, FGB, GAPDH, HSPB1, IGHG1, VIM) or tumors of other tissues or organs (SERPINA1, APOA2, CSTB, GSTP1, S100A8, S100A9, TPI1). Unfortunately, none of the identified peptides were present in all samples analyzed. This may be due to the high heterogeneity of this type of cancer. The surprising result was that extracts from tumor tissue did not contain peptides derived from salivary gland-specific proteins (STATH, SMR3B, HTN1, HTN3). These results could suggest that the developing tumor suppresses the production of proteins that are essential components of saliva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds/Objectives: Parotid gland tumors (PGTs) with parapharyngeal space (PPS) involvement have a specific clinical course and they can be a great challenge for surgeons, especially due to more difficult approaches and the risk of serious complications. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics of PGTs with PPS involvement. Methods: Retrospective, multicenter analysis of 1954 primary PGTs from 5 years (2017–2021) was performed. Comparative analysis was performed between groups with and without PPS involvement and included the following clinical and histopathological data: age, sex, place of residence, tumor size, FNAC result, percentage of malignant tumors, histological diagnosis, radicality of resection, and postoperative facial nerve (FN) dysfunction. Results: PPS involvement was found in 114 patients (5.83%). Secondary tumors affecting the deep lobe or the entire gland were predominant (46 and 60 cases, respectively). In a univariate analysis of tumors with and without PPS involvement, statistically significant differences were found in their size > 4 cm (12.97% vs. 37.72%), percentage of malignant tumors (7.12% vs. 17.55%), incidence of Warthin Tumors (WTs) (43.58% vs. 24.56%), percentage of R1 resection (5.53% vs. 12.50%), and rate of FN paresis (17.15% vs. 53.34%). Multivariate analysis showed that tumors with PPS involvement were statistically significantly characterized by larger size (tumors > 4 cm were 2.9 times more frequent), 2 times less frequent occurrence of WTs, and 1.6 times higher risk of FN paresis. Conclusion: PGTs with PPS involvement show certain clinical and histological differences and require more complex surgical accesses. Therefore, they cannot be treated as "ordinary" tumors occupying the deep lobe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-based compounds used for treating hematologic malignancies can lead to various side effects. One such side effect is ototoxicity, which is characterized by permanent bilateral sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus. Initially, it mainly affects high frequencies, but as the condition progresses, it may also affect low frequencies. Occurrence of ototoxicity has been reported in up to 80% of patients. However, the precise incidence among hematology patients remains unknown. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and metaanalyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to assess the incidence of ototoxicity among hematology patients undergoing platinum compound-based chemotherapy. Four databases - PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science - were searched to identify relevant articles published in the period 2000-2023. Initially, 538 articles were screened, with only 5 meeting the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The systematic review included a total of 77 patients, the majority of whom had Hodgkin's lymphoma (65 patients, 84.4%). Only one patient had leukemia. Of all patients, 16 (20.8%) developed ototoxicity. It is crucial for hematologic patients to undergo regular monitoring and audiometric tests even up to 10 years after treatment. Conducting prospective studies to evaluate hearing before, during, and after treatment is necessary to enhance the management of hematological patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Standard treatment for pleomorhic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland is complete surgical excision. Radiotherapy (RT) as a primary treatment method is controversial and generally is not applied. However, RT might be considered as an adjuvant therapy in some selected cases. Aim: The aim of this work was to define recommendations for RT in patients with parotid gland PA after primary surgical treatment. Material and methods: Based on the results currently published in the literature and the authors’ own experiences from leading Polish laryngological and oncological clinical centers dealing with the treatment of salivary gland tumors, the indications for irradiation and its methods in patients with PA of the salivary glands were discussed. Results and discussion: Authors recommend personalized treatment based on multidisciplinary panel decisions in each patient. Adjuvant RT should be considered in cases of suboptimal resection of primary PA (close margin, intraoperative tumor spillage, risk of recurrence based on clinical factors and histological features), and in cases of PA recurrence. Doses/ fractions and techniques of irradiation are recommended depending on the clinical extension of the primary or recurrent tumor. Conclusions: Adjuvant RT in PA treatment should be a result of a personalized multidisciplinary decision after considering all possible risks of irradiation consequences. Recommendations for this treatment should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: To verify the usefulness of a new algorithm for preoperative differential diagnostics of parotid tumours on the basis of their dynamic and diffusion- -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis included 158 consecutive surgical patients with parotid tumours. Aside from ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy, the protocol of preoperative evaluation included dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI. According to the new diagnostic algorithm, the result of fine needle biopsy was considered only in the case of lesions with time to peak enhancement (Tpeak) > 60 s and washout rate (WR) ≤ 30% on dynamic MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ≤ 1.7 × 103 mm/s2 on diffusion-weighted MRI, or those presenting with concomitant lymphadenopathy. The accuracy of this algorithm was verified against final histopathological diagnoses.Results: The new algorithm gave 10 true positive and 2 false positive results, as well as 132 and 14 true and false negative results, respectively. Its sensitivity and specificity (41.7% and 98.5%, respectively) were the same as in the case of fine needle biopsy alone. None of the 59 tumours that were qualified as benign solely on the basis of preoperative MRI turned out to be malignant on postoperative histopathological examination.Conclusions: Interpreted together, dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRIs provide the same accuracy in preoperative differential diagnostics of parotid tumours as fine needle biopsy. This substantiates the use of diagnostic algorithms in which biopsy would serve mostly as a secondary test to verify selected ambiguous radiological diagnoses. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 29-35). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: At least two groups of parotid malignancies exist, including one whose parameters of dynamic MRI closely resemble those of pleomorphic adenomas. Also tumors with long time to peak enhancement after administration of a contrast agent (Tpeak) and low washout rate (WR) should be considered malignant, especially single masses with concomitant lymphadenopathy located within the deep parotid lobe. Objective: To verify if malignant tumors of the parotid are homogeneous in terms of parameters of preoperative dynamic MRI: Tpeak and WR. Methods: The retrospective analysis included 221 surgical patients with parotid tumors. Aside from fine needle biopsy, pre-operative examination included dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI. Final diagnosis was based on histopathological examination of the surgical specimen. Results: Twenty-four of 221 (10.8%) malignant lesions were identified. Using k-means clustering based on Tpeak and WR values, two distinct clusters of parotid malignancies were identified. The cut-off value for Tpeak optimally differentiating between the clusters was 140 s; the cut-off value for WR could not be identified. The two clusters did not differ in terms of dynamic and diffusion-weighted MRI parameters, patient age, sex and prevalence of lymphadenopathy. Significant inter-cluster differences were found in the prevalence of deep parotid lobe involvement and presence of a single mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Operative treatment is the main treatment option for parotid gland tumors. The purpose of this study was to present the authors' experience in the operative treatment of parotid gland malignant tumors, especially regarding feasibility and techniques in the most advanced cases. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of parotid malignancies. The study included patients treated at the authors' university clinic from 2000 through 2010. The primary predictor variable was stage of disease. The primary outcome variables were 3- and 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates. The secondary predictor variables were nodal status, distant metastases, status of the facial nerve (FN), tumor diameter, extraparotid tumor extension, histology, and surgical procedure. The outcome variable was survival rate. Data were analyzed by χ 2 tests. Results Of 867 parotid tumors, 103 patients with malignancies (47 female, 56 male; 12 to 88 yr old) underwent 24 partial lateral, 34 lateral, 39 total, and 6 extended parotidectomies. The 3- and 5-year overall survival and 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates for stages T1 and T2 were 100, 99, 91, and 85%, respectively, and those for stages T3 and T4 were 100, 70, 48, and 34%, respectively. Overall and disease-free survival rates were influenced by FN paralysis and histologic type. Conclusions Final oncologic outcomes, recurrence, and survival rates in parotid malignancies are considerably affected by local tumor stage, malignancy, and FN paralysis before treatment. Infiltration of adjacent structures is not connected with a poorer prognosis as long as an extended parotidectomy is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]