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To raise the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold, we have fabricated an optical fibre having a core heavily doped with germanium oxide and displaced from the fibre axis. A method has been proposed for broadening the SBS gain spectrum of the fibre by winding it onto a small-diameter spool, and a broadening of the spectrum by 5.4 dB has been demonstrated, which indicates an increase in SBS threshold by 4.1 dB.

A novel method of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) gain suppression in passive single-mode optical fibers is proposed and experimentally verified. The effect is achieved due to special propagation conditions created for a number of the core-bounded acoustic modes effectively involved in the SBS, such that its gain becomes approximately evenly distributed over a wide spectral range, thereby proportionally reducing its maximum. To verify and investigate this method in depth, single-mode large-mode-area (LMA) fibers with correspondingly optimized acoustic index profiles are fabricated, experimentally tested, and analyzed. Uneven complex doping of the core with two additives, P2O5 and F, forms a high-contrast gradient acoustic index profile while maintaining a quasi-uniform optical refractive index profile. With a contrast of P2O5 of more than 6 mol.%, we achieved 8 dB of SBS suppression over conventional uniformly doped LMA fibers. Moreover, it is shown that more than 10 dB of SBS gain suppression can be achieved if the optimal dopant distribution is realized.

The feasibility of making a wavelength-selective fibre filter using fibre with absorbing rods in its silica cladding has been demonstrated theoretically for the first time. The technique described in this paper is of great practical interest for designing fibre lasers and amplifiers emitting at wavelengths where lasing is impeded by the presence of more energetically favourable radiative transitions in the active medium. In addition, the approach proposed here can be used for stimulated Raman scattering suppression. The unique feature of the fundamental core mode suppression mechanism examined is that there is a (bending) controlled spectral width of a region where excess losses are produced.

A tapered Er-doped fiber amplifier for high peak power pulses amplification has been developed and tested. The core diameter changed from 15.8 µm (mode field diameter (MFD) 14.5 µm) to 93 µm (MFD 40 µm) along 3.7 m maintaining single-mode performance at 1555 nm (according to the S2-method, the part of the power of high-order modes does not exceed 1.5%). The amplification of 0.9 ns pulses with spectral width below 0.04 nm up to a peak power above 200 kW (limited by self-phase modulation) with a slope pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 15.6% was demonstrated.

A cladding-pumped all-fiber chirped femtosecond pulse Yb-doped mode-locked laser operating near 977 nm was demonstrated for the first time. Nonlinear polarization evolution was used as the mode-locking mechanism. The laser was self-starting and extremely stable (the stability of the repetition rate of 41.6 MHz was better than that of 15 Hz). Amplification near 977 nm was achieved using a specially designed cladding-pumped Yb-doped fiber. The main feature of the current laser design was its increased intracavity nonlinearity, which resulted in a strong self-phase modulation and significant widening of the generated pulse spectrum. This nonlinearity allowed us to generate pulses compressible down to a duration of 230 fs using an external diffraction grating compressor.

We consider a fibre laser system generating ∼10-μJ, ∼500-fs pulses with a peak power of ∼10 MW at a repetition rate of 100 kHz and emission wavelength of 1.56 μm. The system is based on a master oscillator – power amplifier configuration. The amplifier ensures chirped-pulse amplification. The pulses are then compressed by a dispersive grating compressor. The output amplifier stage is based on a specially designed tapered large mode area erbium-doped fibre for suppressing nonlinear effects. The experimental data agree with numerical simulation results for the stretcher, amplifier and compressor. The stretcher and amplifier have been simulated using a generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In addition, numerical simulation results suggest that optimising the stretcher and compressor will potentially allow the peak power of the system to be scaled up to ∼30 MW.

There is a high demand for fiber-based sources of high-peak and high-energy pulses in many fields, e.g. micro machining. A classical approach to generate such pulses is the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) method, where pulses consequently propagates through a stretching stage, an amplification stage, and a compression stage. The stretching stage prior the amplification stage is required to decrease the pulse intensity, and thereby to reduce a detrimental impact of the nonlinear effects (such as stimulated Raman scattering, self-phase modulation) on pulse. As the stretching stage one can use any device this normal dispersion, but using a fiber is preferably to keep the stretching system compact, alignment-free and cheap. By changing a fiber design, its dispersion parameter and third to second order dispersion ratio can be tailored to match the compressor stage dispersion and ensure a good compression efficiency of amplified pulses.

Ultra-highly-Yb-doped silica-based fibers are of great interest for such application as high-repetition rate mode-lock lasers (for reduction of the cavity length) and single frequency lasers (for increase pump absorption in a short, few cm in length, cavity). Another promising application is high-peak power lasers based on pedestal-supported large-mode-area (LMA) highly-Yb-doped fiber [1] . In the last case utilization of core based on aluminophophosilicate (APS) glass doped with nearly equimolar concentration of Al 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 is highly desirable. The reason is formation of AlPO 4 join which increase solubility of rare-earth elements and have refractive index close to that of pure silica [2] . Reduction of the core refractive index in this case greatly simplify fabrication of the matched Ge-doped pedestal. At the same time maximum possible Yb 2 O 3 concentration in the core of such fiber is highly desirable to get the shortest possible fiber length.

We demonstrate a Yb-doped hybrid fiber with anomalous dispersion in the 1 μm spectral range, where asymptotically single-mode behavior is achieved with a differential mode amplification technique. The fiber has a dispersion of 70-100 ps/(nm·km) in the spectral range from 1.020 μm to 1.055 μm and a sharp dispersion peak (approximately 400 ps/(nm·km) near 1.064 μm) caused by the modes anti-crossing. The relatively large hybrid mode field diameter (8 μm) allows us to demonstrate high-peak-power femtosecond pulse generation via nonlinear chirped pulse compression in both dispersion regimes. Operation near 1.064 μm allows us to compress narrowband (3 dB spectral width of 2 nm) 6 ps pulses down to a duration of 250 fs with a peak power of 3.3 kW. Operation in the spectral region with a nearly constant anomalous dispersion is found to be optimal for the compression of wideband pulses. In particular, 1 ps pulses centered at 1.03 μm with a spectral width of approximately 11 nm are compressed down to 90 fs with a peak power of approximately 10 kW, which to the best of our knowledge is the best result for all-fiber (i.e., without external bulk compressors) systems operating near 1 μm.

We have developed and demonstrated a polarisation-maintaining single-mode ytterbium-doped fibre for light amplification at a wavelength near 0.976 μm in an all-fibre configuration. A distinctive feature of the proposed fibre design is low losses due to fusion splices with standard single-mode fibre having a core diameter of 10 μm, which has made it possible to produce an all-fibre small-signal amplifier with a gain threshold near 3 W and a differential pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 9.8 % in the saturation regime. The proposed amplifier has been shown to be well-suited for small-signal amplification. In particular, at an input signal power near 1 mW and a gain of 20 dB, the ratio of the amplified signal to the integrated luminescence intensity near 0.976 μm exceeds 20 dB. A 40-dB gain has been demonstrated for an ultrasmall signal of ∼10-μW power.

The use of a heavily doped germanosilicate fibre with a W-profile refractive index and small core diameter in stretchers of ultrashort laser pulses with their subsequent amplification and compression in all-fibre laser systems is considered. The application of fibres of this type makes it possible to stretch, amplify, and then compress a laser pulse with minimum distortions of its initial shape and width. Due to the dispersion properties of these fibres, which allow the pulse duration to be increased significantly at a small fibre length and the third-order positive dispersion of the diffraction-grating-based output compressor to be compensated for, amplified pulses with an energy of 2 μJ and width of 250 fs, free of a picosecond pedestal, are obtained. Several types of fibres intended for the use in stretchers of ultrashort laser pulses are comparatively analysed from the point of view of their dispersion compatibility with a diffraction-grating-based output compressor.

We have demonstrated a modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process for the fabrication of multilayer photonic bandgap fiber based on high-purity silica glass. Sequential growth of layers differing in melting point has been shown to lead to distortion of the layers in the resulting photonic bandgap structure and a sharp rise in optical loss as a result of deviations from Bragg’s reflection conditions. By optimizing the chemical composition of the layers in the photonic bandgap structure, we were able to suppress excessive optical losses and reach the optical loss limit, which is only determined by the guidance properties of the photonic bandgap structure itself.

In the paper we discuss current state of the art in the field of tapered fiber development. The best results in term of high peak and high average power achieved with this type of fibers are presented together with requirements to the tapered fiber amplifier design. The report is mainly focused on tapered fiber amplifiers operated near 1 μm (Yb-doped tapered fibers), but also extension of this technique to 1.55 μm spectral range is discussed.

In this paper we systematically study a limitation for maximum of Yb dopant concentration in silica based fibers. Two the most popular glass matrixes (F-Al2O3-SiO2 and Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2) were thoroughly investigated in this respect. A possibility to introduce ultra-high doping level of Yb2O3 (in excess of 2.5 mol%) with a relatively low optical losses in fibers was demonstrated. At the same time it was investigated that at ultra-high Yb concentration in the fiber core even with maintaining very low background losses (both initial and induced by photodarkening) such a fiber can nearly completely lose its active properties. Optimal glass matrixes and optimal concentration of Yb dopant in the glass core, which allow keep up lasing properties of the developed fibers high, were studied. An ultra-short length fiber amplifier (~3.5 cm) based on the developed Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 glass core fiber doped with 1.2 mol% of Yb2O3 (Yb ions absorption was about 1000 dB/m at 920 nm) was created.

Here for the first time the technique of the resonant modes coupling is used for spectrally-selective fundamental mode suppression. In our work we considered the fiber design consisting of the low-index core surrounding by the appropriately chosen high-index absorbing rods. Mode suppression in this case happens due to the resonant core mode deformation owing to mode-anticrossing effect and its partial absorption into the rods. According to our calculations it was established that stop-band of the core fundamental mode can be easily adjusted for different practical aims by fiber bending. Furthermore, in the present work we implemented and studied passive fiber with three high-index absorbing rods incorporated into fiber cladding. The Sm was chosen as an absorbing element of the high-index rods.

We report the spatiotemporal mode-locked multimode fiber laser operating at 1.55 µm based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors with the mode-locking threshold as low as 104 mW. Benefiting from the multimode interference filtering effect introduced in the laser cavity not only the central wavelength can be continuously tuned from 1557 nm to 1567 nm, but also the number of the output pulses can be adjusted from 1 to 4 by simply adjusting the polarization controllers. This work provides a new platform for exploring the dynamic characteristics of spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses at negative dispersion regime. Moreover, this kind of tunable laser has potential applications in fields of all-optical signal processing, fiber sensing and information coding.

We investigate (both theoretically and experimentally) a method for fundamental mode spectral filtering in single-mode optical fibers using the resonant mode coupling effect. We demonstrate the possibility of controlling the spectral bandwidth of the fundamental mode suppression band through appropriate choice of fiber parameters and fiber bending. The developed technique can be very useful for the design of fiber-based spectral filters (i.e., active fibers with suppression of laser emission at undesirable wavelengths, suppression of stimulated Raman scattering).

In this paper, we demonstrate the spectrally selective fundamental core mode suppression in single-mode fiber by mode anti-crossing technique. A unique feature of the method proposed in the current work is that the fundamental core mode can have rectangular-like excess loss spectrum with bandwidth controllable by fiber bending. This property made the proposed fiber design to be promising for suppression of lasing at unwanted wavelengths in different fiber lasers and amplifiers.

The technical process of the synthesis of a fluorophosphosilicate (FPS) glass core was thoroughly investigated for the first time utilizing a modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) all-gas-phase fabrication method. It was discovered that the limiting doping level of the silica glass simultaneously co-doped with phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F) was found to be confined by the formation of POF3 gas. The dopants content was achieved as high as 4.7 at% of P and 1.1 at% of F in a glass core, respectively. A developed “in-house” manufacturing method makes it possible to fabricate a large mode area (LMA) purely single-mode Er–Yb co-doped optical fibers with a core diameter of 20 μm and with a lasing efficiency comparable to commercially available LMA Er–Yb optical fibers.

We consider a novel approach for suppression of signal propagation at undesirable wavelengths. It is based on distortion and absorption of the operating fundamental mode in highly absorbing rods, inserted into the fiber cladding. As an example, we designed fiber with a high absorption at wavelength of above 1000 nm and low losses near 976 nm – structure, which can be promising for design of Yb-doped fiber amplifiers operated near 976 nm.

The order of the SBS gain suppression can be achieved in ordinary step-index single-mode optical fibers due to a wide spectral redistribution and effective equalization of impacts of a relatively large number of acoustic mode fields in the nonlinear Brillouin interaction between them and the fundamental optic mode intensity, using the proper acoustic index profile design.

All-fiber ultrafast amplifier at the wavelength of 1.9 µm based on normal dispersion thulium-doped germanosilicate fiber and large mode area silica fiber compressor is developed. Pulses at the repetition rate of 23.9 MHz with the duration of 63 fs and the pulse energy of 25 nJ are obtained. We assume that the pulse peak power is 250 kW.

We present a new design of single-mode Yb-doped fiber for efficient 976 nm lasers. The fiber has 14/45 micron core/cladding diameters. Exploiting of this fiber with a specially designed pump/signal combiner allowed us to realize an all-fiber amplifier with the pump-conversion slope efficiency of 31 % and the output power of 10 W limited only by the available pump power.

a novel method of higher order modes suppression in a large mode area double clad Er-doped fiber is proposed and demonstrated. For this aim absorbing inclusions (Tm-doped rods) were inserted into the first cladding of the Er- doped fiber to achieve a resonant coupling between high order modes and modes located in the inclusions.

In this paper, we present a novel single-mode Yb-doped fiber with 14 µm core and 45 µm cladding diameter. A 976 nm all-fiber high-power amplifier was manufactured based on this fiber. 10-mm-long fiber taper was used to launch the pump light, and guidance of the high NA pump was provided by a glass–air interface. 13 W output power limited only by the available pump power was achieved with 31% slope efficiency.

In this paper, we have developed Yb-doped fiber suitable for creation of all-fiber seed laser schemes operating near 977 nm. The fiber was based on a ring-doping design (cladding was partially doped with Yb-ions), which allowed us to fabricate a relatively small core and provide mode field diameter (MFD) of the active fiber comparable with standard fibers (to achieve small splicing losses with commercially available optical fibers) and, simultaneously, increase absorption from the cladding to keep a reasonably high lasing efficiency. So MFDx of the fiber was 12 μm, MFDy was 14 μm. Outer silica cladding of the active fiber was decreased to diameter of 80 μm and a special pump and signal combiner was used to inject pump and signal into the active fiber. Based on the developed Yb-doped fiber an all-fiber polarization maintaining mode-locked laser with central wavelength around 977 nm was demonstrated for the first time. SESAM was used as a saturable absorber. The laser was self-starting for pump powers above 4.6 W, with the output power of 3 mW. The autocorrelation was the best fitted with sech2 profile and pulse duration was estimated to be as long as 9.5 ps. The fundamental cavity frequency corresponded to the pulse repetition rate of 33.532 MHz. Signal-to-noise ratio measured in the radio frequency range was more than 50 dB, the line width was below 1 kHz, which indicate ultimate stability of the fabricated mode-lock laser. acceptedVersion

In the present work, we fabricated Yb-doped hybrid fiber, where unwanted mode suppression was achieved due to selective mode amplification technique. An asymptotically single-mode propagation regime of the realized hybrid fiber was observed in the amplifier scheme even for the case when significant amount of undesirable modes was excited at the fiber input. Measured dispersion of the hybrid fiber at wavelength of 1030 nm was about 70 psec/(nmkm). The realized hybrid fiber was used as nonlinear compressor in all-fiber amplifier scheme. As a seed source we used a commercially available chirped pulse laser (λ~ 1030 nm, a spectrum width was 11 nm and a pulse repetition rate was 42 MHz, pulse duration was adjusted to be of 1 psec by diffraction gratings established on the output of the seed laser). In our experiment to guarantee shorter optimal active fiber length we chose wavelength stabilized pump source at 976 nm. Thus the record high peak power (~10 kW) for all-fiber femtosecond Yb-doped laser schemes was achieved.

In this paper, we demonstrate possibility of simultaneous achievement of high peak and high average power in picosecond pulses using a monolithic amplifier based on a long Yb-doped tapered fiber. Due to a very high pump absorption (~ 25 dB/m at 976 nm) in the realized 2.4 m long tapered fiber most of the pump is absorbed near the thick tapered fiber end and a very small fraction of pump power reaches thin fiber end. As a result, signal passes through the thin part of the tapered fiber without an amplification and exhibits fast growth only near the output tapered fiber end, where a mode field diameter is large (35 μm at 1064 nm for 46 μm output core diameter), so that pulses can be amplified to a high peak power. Moreover, only a negligible fraction of pump radiation leaks at the conic part of the tapered fiber, because its most part was absorbed in the thick tapered fiber part. Thus a safe operation without polymer burning at a leakage point is possible up to a very high pump power. The developed tapered fiber was used in a final amplification stage of the all-fiber pulsed laser system, which allowed us to amplify 8.3 ps pulses with repetition rate of 18.4 MHz and central wavelength of 1064 nm to 150 W of average power and 0.92 MW peak power. The average power level was limited only by available pump power (230 W): no signs of transverse mode instability effects were observed.

We report on a fiber laser setup optimized to generate and propagate high energy solitons with megawatt peak power around 1700 nm. Picosecond pulses from a chirped-pulse amplifier system at 1560 nm trigger the formation of sub-100 fs solitons with approximately 70 nJ energy in an all-solid photonic bandgap Bragg fiber with ultra-large mode area. Upon propagation in the same fiber the soliton self-frequency shift effect allows for tuning the central wavelength up to 1680 nm in a 1.5 m long piece of fiber. This work paves the way to miniaturized endomicroscopes in the biologically relevant window around 1700 nm and, thanks to the 20-cm critical bend radius of the delivery fiber, opens the way to deep in vivo imaging of freely moving animals.

We demonstrate amplification dynamics and compression of 1.9 μm ultrashort (330 fs) pulses using a normal dispersion thulium-doped germanosilicate fiber. The maximum pulse energy is 65 nJ and minimum pulse duration is 60 fs.

We developed a highly efficient double-clad Yb-doped polarization-maintaining fiber to be implemented for small-signal amplification near 0.976 μm. The fiber was designed to have a relatively small mode field diameter compatible with standard step-index single-mode optical fibers. Another feature of the fiber was a small threshold for 0.976 μm signal amplification, which was achieved by a creation of a thin inner cladding (80 μm diameter). The unique design of the fiber allowed us to construct successfully an all-fiber picoseconds mode-locked laser at 0.98 μm for the first time to the best of our knowledge.

The results of numerical simulations of the 300 fs stretched pulse generation in a hybrid mode-locked Tm-doped all-fibre laser are presented. The intracavity pulse dynamics is an-alyzed. The uncertainty relative experimental data are discussed.