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Prelomi zubnog nastavka grebena vilica predstavljaju čestu vrstu preloma, koja u većini slučajeva smanjuje kvalitet života povređenog, ograničavajući mu osnovne životne funkcije. Na osnovu izgleda frakturne linije, mesta i vrste preloma vrši se odabir adekvatne metode lečenja. Kada klinička slika to dozvoljava, pristupa se konzervativnom načinu lečenja, vraćanjem koštanih fragmenata u prvobitan položaj i imobilizacijom, čime se stvaraju optimalni uslovi za zarastanje.

Sve veća učestalost izolovanih i udruženih preloma zigomatičnog kompleksa, njihova važnost uslovljena složenim topografsko-anatomskim odnosima ove oblasti vezanim za funkcije vida, mastikacije, normalnog izgleda, protekcije endokranijalnog i orbitalnog sadržaja, teškoće prilikom uklanjanja posledica neblagovremenog i neadekvatnog terapijskog postupka, dovoljno ističu značaj i težinu ovog problema. Lečenjem preloma zigomatičnog kompleksa se nastoji: ispraviti deformitet lica, povratiti normalan senzibilitet infraorbitalnom predelu, korigovati poremećaj položaja i funkcije oka i omogućiti normalno otvaranje usta. Korektna repozicija i adekvatna fiksacija fragmenata zigomatične kosti, primenom jednog ili kombinacijom više metoda lečenja, nisu garancija otklanjanju svih znakova i simptoma ovog preloma. Primarnim lečenjem se znaci preloma teže otklanjaju i češće zaostaju u odnosu na deformitet predela. Većina zaostalih funkcionalnih ili kozmetskih smetnji nakon lečenja ovih preloma mogu se uspešno ukloniti sekundarnim korekcijama u kasnijem periodu.

Background/Aim. Postoperative condylar position is a substantial concern in surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Orthognathic surgery may change condylar position and this is considered a contributing factor for early skeletal relapse and the induction of temporomandibular disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in condylar position, and to correlate angular skeletal measurements following bimaxillary surgery. Methods. On profile teleradiographs of 21 patients with mandibular angular and linear parametres, the changes in condylar position, were measured during preoperative orthodontic treatment and 6 months after the surgical treatment. Results. A statistically significant difference in values between the groups was found. The most distal point on the head of condyle point (DI) moved backward for 1.38 mm (p = 0.02), and the point of center of collum mandibulae point (DC) moved backward for 1.52 mm (p = 0.007). The amount of upward movement of the point DI was 1.62 mm (p = 0.04). Conclusion. In the patients with mandibular prognathism, the condyles tend to migrate upward and forward six months after bimaxillary surgery., Uvod/Cilj. Postoperativna pozicija kondila je značajna za hiruršku korekciju mandibularnog prognatizma. Ortognatska hirurgija može da promeni poziciju kondila, a to može biti jedan od faktora koji doprinosi ranom skeletnom recidivu i pojavi temporomandibularnih disfunkcija. Zbog toga je cilj ove studije bio da proceni promene pozicije kondila kao i da ne korelišu promene pozicije kondila sa angularnim skeletnim promenama nakon bimaksilarne hirurgije. Metode. Na telerendgenskim snimcima 21 bolesnika sa mandibularnim prognatizmom mereni su angularni i linearni parametri koji opisuju promene u položaju kondila, pre ortodontske pripreme i šest meseci nakon hirurške korekcije. Rezultati. Ustanovljena je statistička značajnost razlika u vrednosti parametara između grupa. Tačka DI - najdistalnija tačka na glavi kondila, pomerila se unazad 1,38 mm (p = 0,02), a tačka DC - tačka koja označava centar collum mandibulae, pomerila se, takođe, unazad za 1,52 mm (p = 0,007). Vrednost pomeranja tačke DI naviše bila je 1,62 mm (p = 0,04). Zaključak. Kod bolesnika sa mandibularnim prognatizmom, kondili su težili da migriraju unapred i naviše šest meseci nakon bimaksilarne operacije.

Mandibular prognathism is a deformity of the face and jaw which combines various forms of skeletal deviation in relations of jaws and facial proportions that are so pronounced that draw the attention of the environment and represent a handicap for the patient. The essence of this anomaly consists in a difference in the size of the upper and lower jaw. According to etiologic classification, mandibular prognathism is primarily skeletal abnormality that is manifested by inadequate size, shape and position of the lower and often the upper jaw. In the majority of patients with mandibular prognathism, optimal functional and aesthetic result can only be provided with a combined orthodontic-surgical therapy, where in some cases, bimaxillary surgical correction is indicated. It is believed that orthognathic surgery can change the position of the condyle, and this may be one of the factors contributing to early skeletal relapse and occurrence of temporomandibular dysfunction. For these reasons, we did the original analysis of cephalograms and conducted an interview with the patients, as shown in the results of this research. On the radiograms of 21 patients with mandibular prognathism, angular and linear parameters were measured to describe the changes in position of the condyle, before orthodontic preparation and six months after the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. The purose of this study was to assess changes in condylar position and to correlate changes in condylar position with angular skeletal changes after bimaxillary surgery. There were statistically significant differences in values between the groups. Point DI - the most distal point of the condyle head, moved back to 1.38 mm (p = 0.02), a DC point - a point that marks the center collum mandible, moved back to 1.52 mm (p = 0.007 ). DI point moved upward for 1.62 mm (p = 0.04). There was a decrease in the value of the angle ArGoMe which indirectly shows the front of the rotation of the condyle..., Mandibularni prognatizam je deformitet lica i vilica koji objedinjuje različite oblike skeletnih devijacija u odnosima vilica i proporcijama lica koje su toliko izrazite da skreću pažnju okoline i predstavljaju hendikep za dotičnu osobu. Suština ove anomalije se sastoji u izrazitoj razlici u veličini gornje i donje vilice. Shodno etiološkoj klasifikaciji, mandibularni prognatizam je primarno skeletna nepravilnost koja se manifestuje neadekvatnom veličinom, oblikom i položajem donje a često i gornje vilice. Kod najvećeg broja pacijenata sa mandibularnim prognatizmom optimalan funkcionalni i estetski rezultat može pružiti samo kombinovana ortodontsko-hirurška terapija, pri čemu je u pojedinim slučajevima indikovana bimaksilarna hirurška korekcija. Smatra se da ortognatska hirurgija može da promeni poziciju kondila, a to može biti jedan od faktora koji doprinosi ranom skeletnom recidivu i pojavi temporomandibularnih disfunkcija. Iz tih razloga, uradili smo originalnu analizu profilnih telerentgenskih snimaka i sproveli interviju sa pacijentima u okviru istraživackog kartona koji su prikazani u rezultatima ovog istraživanja. Na telerendgenskim snimcima 21 ispitanika sa mandibularnim prognatizmom mereni su angularni i linearni parametri koji opisuju promene u položaju kondila, pre ortodontske pripreme i šest meseci nakon hirurške korekcije mandibularnog prognatizma. Takođe, cilj ove studije je bio da proceni promene pozicije kondila kao i da ne korelišu promene pozicije kondila sa angularnim skeletnim promenama nakon bimaksilarne hirurgije. Ustanovljena je statistička značajnost razlika u vrednosti parametara između grupa. Tačka DI – najdistalnija tačka na glavi kondila, pomerila se unazad 1,38 mm (p = 0,02), a tačka DC – tačka koja označava centar collum mandibulae, pomerila se, takođe, unazad za 1,52 mm (p = 0,007). Vrednost pomeranja tačke DI naviše bila je 1,62 mm (p = 0,04). Došlo je do smanjenja vrednosti ugla ArGoMe što indirektno ukazuje na prednju rotaciju kondi

Introduction/Objective Total laryngectomy is a very mutilating operation and it leads to drastic changes in life quality. The purpose of this study was to examine factors of importance to the laryngectomized patients' quality of life and to evaluate characteristics of esophageal voice and speech. Methods The study was conducted at the Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, at the Clinical Center of Serbia (Belgrade, Serbia), during the period between March 2012-2015. The study included 223 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, who underwent total laryngectomy. The total of 168 laryngectomized patients were provided with phoniatric rehabilitation. Results The quality of life was significantly better for those laryngectomized patients who did undergo phoniatric rehabilitation. By means of intensive phoniatric rehabilitation the esophageal voice and speech was established in 86.3% of laryngectomized patients registered by objective acoustic analysis. Rehabilitated laryngectomy patients had a significantly lower presence of voice handicap sense (VHI: 19.57 ± 7.35) and expressed significantly lower symptoms of depression and anxiety (PHQ-9: 3.8 ± 4.2; GAD-7: 3.4 ± 4.2). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was above 0.7 EORTC QLQ-C30 on three levels of Likert scales: the scale of physical and emotional functioning and fatigue; as well as EORTC QLQ-H&N43 questionnaire: the symptoms of head and neck pain, speech, swallowing and eating problems and body image. Conclusion Significantly improving the quality of life of laryngectomized patients was achieved by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Phoniatric rehabilitation carried out in a planned and systematic way is the most efficient rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients.

Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that small subpopulations of stem-like cells are accountable for tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Until now, studies were focused exclusively on the characterization of these cell populations within the tumour itself, while tumour margins were neglected, although it is known that the histological and molecular status of tumour margins may play a significant role in the course of the disease. Therefore, the aims of the study were to isolate cells from oral squamous cell carcinomas and their respective margins, to characterize these cells using specific markers, to assess their self-renewal potential and determine their chemoresistance. Methods: Cell cultures were obtained from 12 tissue specimens (6 tumours and 6 margins). Total RNA was extracted and gene expression analysis was done by real-time PCR (RTPCR). Flow cytometry, immunocytometry, sphere formation and MTT assays were also applied. Results: With minor differences, cells originating from both tumours and tumour margins showed the presence of stem cell markers CD133, Nanog, Sox2, CD44, and Oct4, had the capacity to form spheroids and showed chemoresistance. Conclusions: Subpopulations of margin cells appeared to have sternness properties which might raise the question of re-evaluation of optimal surgical management.

Mandibularni prognatizam je deformitet lica i vilica koji objedinjuje različite oblike skeletnih devijacija u odnosima vilica i proporcijama lica koje su toliko izrazite da skreću pažnju okoline i predstavljaju hendikep za dotičnu osobu. Suština ove anomalije se sastoji u izrazitoj razlici u veličini gornje i donje vilice. Shodno etiološkoj klasifikaciji, mandibularni prognatizam je primarno skeletna nepravilnost koja se manifestuje neadekvatnom veličinom, oblikom i položajem donje a često i gornje vilice. Kod najvećeg broja pacijenata sa mandibularnim prognatizmom optimalan funkcionalni i estetski rezultat može pružiti samo kombinovana ortodontsko-hirurška terapija, pri čemu je u pojedinim slučajevima indikovana bimaksilarna hirurška korekcija. Smatra se da ortognatska hirurgija može da promeni poziciju kondila, a to može biti jedan od faktora koji doprinosi ranom skeletnom recidivu i pojavi temporomandibularnih disfunkcija. Iz tih razloga, uradili smo originalnu analizu profilnih telerentgenskih snimaka i sproveli interviju sa pacijentima u okviru istraživackog kartona koji su prikazani u rezultatima ovog istraživanja. Na telerendgenskim snimcima 21 ispitanika sa mandibularnim prognatizmom mereni su angularni i linearni parametri koji opisuju promene u položaju kondila, pre ortodontske pripreme i šest meseci nakon hirurške korekcije mandibularnog prognatizma. Takođe, cilj ove studije je bio da proceni promene pozicije kondila kao i da ne korelišu promene pozicije kondila sa angularnim skeletnim promenama nakon bimaksilarne hirurgije. Ustanovljena je statistička značajnost razlika u vrednosti parametara između grupa. Tačka DI – najdistalnija tačka na glavi kondila, pomerila se unazad 1,38 mm (p = 0,02), a tačka DC – tačka koja označava centar collum mandibulae, pomerila se, takođe, unazad za 1,52 mm (p = 0,007). Vrednost pomeranja tačke DI naviše bila je 1,62 mm (p = 0,04). Došlo je do smanjenja vrednosti ugla ArGoMe što indirektno ukazuje na prednju rotaciju kondi, Mandibular prognathism is a deformity of the face and jaw which combines various forms of skeletal deviation in relations of jaws and facial proportions that are so pronounced that draw the attention of the environment and represent a handicap for the patient. The essence of this anomaly consists in a difference in the size of the upper and lower jaw. According to etiologic classification, mandibular prognathism is primarily skeletal abnormality that is manifested by inadequate size, shape and position of the lower and often the upper jaw. In the majority of patients with mandibular prognathism, optimal functional and aesthetic result can only be provided with a combined orthodontic-surgical therapy, where in some cases, bimaxillary surgical correction is indicated. It is believed that orthognathic surgery can change the position of the condyle, and this may be one of the factors contributing to early skeletal relapse and occurrence of temporomandibular dysfunction. For these reasons, we did the original analysis of cephalograms and conducted an interview with the patients, as shown in the results of this research. On the radiograms of 21 patients with mandibular prognathism, angular and linear parameters were measured to describe the changes in position of the condyle, before orthodontic preparation and six months after the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. The purose of this study was to assess changes in condylar position and to correlate changes in condylar position with angular skeletal changes after bimaxillary surgery. There were statistically significant differences in values between the groups. Point DI - the most distal point of the condyle head, moved back to 1.38 mm (p = 0.02), a DC point - a point that marks the center collum mandible, moved back to 1.52 mm (p = 0.007 ). DI point moved upward for 1.62 mm (p = 0.04). There was a decrease in the value of the angle ArGoMe which indirectly shows the front of the rotation of the condyle...

Background/Aim. Alveolar osteitis (AO), also known as "dry socket", is relatively common post-extraction complication. It probably occurs due to excessive fibrinolytic activity in the coagulum and is characterized by intense pain sensations. The aim of this clinical study was to examine the role of hyaluronic acid and aminocaproic acid in the treatment of AO. Methods. The study included 60 patients with the clinical diagnosis of AO. All the patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each according to the applied non-pharmacological measure: irrigation - irrigation of dry socket with sterile saline; curettage - careful curettage. Both of these groups were further divided into three subgroups regarding the applied treatment (hyaluronic acid; hyaluronic acid + aminocaproic acid; Alvogyl®, an anesthetic and antiseptic paste), each with 10 patients, according to the following protocol: 0.2 mL of hyaluronic acid in the form of a 0.8% gel; 2 mL of aminocaproic acid and hyaluronic acid; Alvogyl®. During each visit, scheduled for every two days until complete absence of painful sensations, the patients had the therapeutic method repeated as at the first examination. At each control visit the number of present symptoms and signs of AO was recorded, as well as the level of pain (measured with a visual analogue scale). Results. With the use of hyaluronic acid, with or without aminocaproic one, a statistically significantly faster reduction in pain sensations was achieved, along with the reduction in the number of symptoms and signs of AO compared to the use of Alvogyl®. Conclusion. Hyaluronic acid, applied alone or in combination with aminocaproic acid significantly reduces pain sensation, thus it can be successfully used in the treatment of AO., Uvod/Cilj. Alveolitis je relativno česta postekstrakciona komplikacija. Nastaje, najverovatnije, usled izrazite fibrinolitičke aktivnosti u koagulumu, a karakteriše se pojavom intezivnog bola. Cilj ove kliničke studije bio je da se ispita mogućnost primene hijaluronske i aminokapronske kiseline u terapiji alveolitisa. Metode. Studija je uključila 60 pacijenata sa kliničkom dijagnozom alveolitisa. U odnosu na primenjenu nefarmakološku meru svi pacijenti su bili podeljeni u dve grupe sa po 30 pacijenata: ispiranje - ispiranje obolele alveole sterilnim fiziološkim rastvorom; kiretaža - pažljiva kiretaža. Obe ove grupe, u odnosu na primenjeni tretman [(hijaluronska kiselina, hijaluronska kiselina + aminokapronska kiselina, Alvogyl® (kombinacija anestetika i antiseptika u obliku paste)], bile su podeljene u tri podgrupe sa po 10 pacijenata po sledećem protokolu: 0,2 mL hijaluronske kiseline u obliku 0.8% gela; 2 mL aminokapronske kiseline i hijaluronske kiseline; Alvogyl®. Na kontrolnim pregledima, zakazanim na svaka dva dana do potpunog prestanka bolnih senzacija, pacijentima je ponavljana terapijska opcija sa prvog pregleda. Evidentiran je broj prisutnih simptoma i znakova alveolitisa kod pacijenata, kao i nivo bola (meren pomoću vizuelno-analogne skale). Rezultati. Primenom hijaluronske kiseline, sa ili bez aminokapronske kiseline, postignuto je statistički značajno brže sniženje bolnih senzacija kao i smanjenje broja prisutnih simptoma i znakova alveolitisa u odnosu na upotrebu Alvogyl®-a. Zaključak. Hijaluroska kiselina, samostalno ili u kombinaciji sa aminokapronskom kiselinom, značajno snižava bol, te se može uspešno primenjivati u terapiji alveolitisa.

Uvod/Cilj. Popunjavanje koštanih defekata zamenicima kosti je terapija izbora, ali prorastanje vezivnog tkiva iz mukoperiostalnog režnja može kompromitovati sam proces zarastanja zamenika kosti sa zidovima koštanih defekata. U cilju rešavanja ovog problema indikovana je primena membrane kao barijere. Cilj ove studije bio je da se prikaže patohistološki izgled koštane regeneracije i značaj resorptivne demineralizovane membrane humanog porekla (RHDM), debljine 200 mikrona, u regeneraciji kosti kod mandibularnih defekata u eksperimentu rađenom na psima. Metode. Eksperiment je vršen na šest pasa kojima je sa desne strane donje vilice, po podizanju mukoperiostalnog režnja, pravljen koštani defekt. U jedan defekt stavljana je humana deproteinizovana kost (HDK), a između nje i mekotkivnog dela stavljana je RHDM debljine 200 mikrona. U drugi defekt, koji je služio kao kontrola, stavljena je samo HDK, bez RHDM. Dva psa žrtvovana su dva meseca nakon hirurške intervencije, dva posle četiri meseca, a preostala dva šest meseci nakon hirurške intervencije. Nakon žrtvovanja uzimani su isečci za patohistološku analizu. Rezultati. Kod svih šest pasa kod kojih je u koštani defekt ugrađena HDK i RHDM stepen koštane regeneracije bio je daleko veći u odnosu na kontrolne defekte bez RHDM. Zaključak. Membrana, kao pokrivač koštanog defekta, podesna je i poboljšava koštanu regeneraciju. Koštani defekti prekriveni RHDM pokazali su značajno bolje koštano zarastanje, mada koštana regeneracija nije bila potpuna ni šest meseci nakon njene ugradnje.

The aim of this study was to test a new experimental design of venous system arterialization on the rabbit ear arterialized venous flap (AVF) model. Total number of 10 'Big Chinchila' rabbits were divided in two experimental groups. On both ears of the five rabbits (Group 1) we have performed our original method of venous system arterialization with microsurgical arterialization of the central artery and vein with the preservation of central and peripheral vascular perfusion; at both ears of five rabbits (Group 2) we have performed AVF according to Byan et al., (1995). Vital AVF surface and necrosis percentage were determined in both experimental groups at day 1 and day 14 and results were compared using Student t-test. The results of our experiment indicate that our new experimental design of the AVF on rabbit ear model has better hemodynamic conditions, improves AVF survival and gives significantly bigger vital flap surface at 14 days after venous system arterialization., U radu je prikazan novi eksperimentalni dizajn arterijalizovanog venskog režnja (AVR) na modelu uha kunića. Ispitivanje je izvršeno na ukupno 10 kunića rase 'velika činčila', koji su podeljeni u dve ogledne grupe. Kod 5 kunića je na oba uha sproveden originalni postupak mikrohirurške arterijalizacije centralne arterije i vene uz očuvanje centralne i ivične vaskularne perfuzije. Na 5 oglednih životinja druge grupe je na oba uha izvršena arterijalizacija venskog sistema uha kunića prema modelu Byan-a i sar. (1995). Vitalna površina AVR određivana je prvog i 14- og dana nakon arterijalizacije venskog režnja. Izračunate su srednje vrednosti vitalne površine AVR-a i procenat nekrotične površine. Poređenje rezultata sprovedenih eksperimentalnih procedura je izvršeno Studentovim t-testom. Analizom različitih eksperimentalnih modela AVR na uhu kunića, kako neodloženih tako i onih kod kojih je radi povećanja vitalne površine primenjena metoda odlaganja režnja, utvrđeno je da su dosadašnji modeli neodloženih AVR, potencijalno hemodinamski nepovoljni. Rezultati našeg istraživanja su ukazali da se novim ekperimentalnim dizajnom postiže statistički veoma značajno smanjenje procenta nekrotične površine AVR i povećanje vitalne površine režnja.

Background/Aim. To establish the influence of surgical corrections of mandibular prognathism upon the position of the lower and upper anterior teeth (incisors). Methods. The changes in position of the lower and upper anterior teeth (incisors) after the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism were analyzed by means of x-ray craniometry in 183 patients (female: n = 110, male: n = 73) in which the correction had been made in accordance with the principles of sagital osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. There were 4 angular and 2 linear parameters determined in the pre- and postoperative tele-xray-pictures. The changes of these parameters were tested by means of the parametric statistic tests. Results. The performed surgical procedures did not cause statistically significant changes in the angular parameters. The changes of both linear parameters were thought highly statistically significant. Conclusion. Under the influence of the performed surgical procedures no changes were found in the position of anterior teeth (incisors) in relation to SN and the mandibular plane. They were actually moved along with the medium fragment of the lower jaw and that fragment was moved linearly backwards along the occlusal plane with a practically insignificant rotation in the cranial direction., Uvod/Cilj. Utvrditi uticaj hirurške korekcije mandibularnog prognatizma na položaj donjih i gornjih sekutića. Metode. Promene položaja donjih i gornjih sekutića posle hirurške korekcije mandibularnog prognatizma analizirane su rendgenkraniometrijski kod 183 osobe (ž = 110; m = 73) kod kojih je korekcija izvršena po principima sagitalnih osteotomija ramusa mandibule. Na preoperativnim i postoperativnim telerendgenogramima određivana su četiri angularna i dva linearna parametra. Promene tih parametara testirane su pomoću parametrijskih statističkih testova. Rezultati. Sprovedene hirurške procedure nisu izazvale statistički značajne promene angularnih parametara. Promene oba linearna parametra bile su visoko statistički značajne. Zaključak. Pod uticajem sprovedenih hirurških korektivnih procedura ne dolazi do promene položaja sekutića u odnosu na SN i mandibularnu ravan, već se oni pomeraju zajedno sa središnjim fragmentom donje vilice. Taj fragment se kreće translatorno unazad duž okluzalne ravni, sa praktično zanemarljivom rotacijom u kranijalnom pravcu.

The aim of this study was to establish and estimate the effects of surgical correction of mandibular prognathism on the height and position of the upper lip. The changes of the upper lip were analyzed on 115 patients between 16 and 30 year of age (71 females and 44 males) who were subject to surgical correction of mandibular prognathism using the sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of each patient before and six months after the surgical procedure. The soft tissue cephalometric analysis included the measurements of six linear and two angular parameters. The obtained data were statistically processed and evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed the significant changes in two linear cephalometric parameters after surgical procedure - the incisal step and the length of the upper lip. The changes in the length and position of the upper lip after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism by means of sagittal split ramus osteotomy seem to be minor and clinically insignificant. Only the length of the upper lip was significantly changed. It became longer. The upper lip advancement amounted approximately 15% of the complete mandibular set-back during operation., Cilj istraživanja je bio da utvrdi i proceni efekte hirurške korekcije mandibularnog prognatizma na dužinu i položaj gornje usne. Promene gornje usne su kefalometrijski analizirane kod 115 osoba (f=71; m=44) kod kojih je mandibularni prognatizam korigovan metodom sagitalnih osteotomija grane donje vilice. Svakom pacijentu su načinjena po dva profilna telerendgenska snimka glave, jedan pre i jedan nakon hirurške intervencije. Kefalometrijska analiza mekog profila lica je obavljena merenjem i poređenjem šest linearnih i dva angularna parametra. Dobijene vrednosti su statistički obrađene i evoluirane. Primenjene hirurške korektivne procedure rezultirale su statistički značajnim promenama kod dva linearna parametra (incizalna stepenica i dužina gornje usne). Promene gornje usne posle hirurške korekcije mandibularnog prognatizma pomoću sagitalnih klizajućih osteotomija grane donje vilice su minimalne i gotovo neznačajne. Značajno se menja jedino dužina gornje usne - postaje duža. Gornja usna se pomera za 15% ukupnog pomeranja struktura donje vilice.