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Background: Transcutaneous sonography has been an integral part of imaging diagnostics in the head and neck region for several decades. Especially in the imaging of abscesses of the tonsillar fossa, sonography is a fast, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This paper aims to provide an overview of the currently published studies in terms of diagnostic value., Material and Methods: systematic literature search in the following online databases: PubMed und MEDLINE according to the search terms: transcutaneous ultrasound, tonsillar abscess, peritonsillar abscess, intratonsillar abscess, peritonsillar cellulitis, parapharyngeal abscess. Evaluation of the scientific relevance of the papers according to established criteria., Results: The publications were analyzed in terms of clinical application, clinical diagnosis, and diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity are reported between 67 % - 100 %, and 50 % - 93 %, respectively, depending on the study and patient cohort., Conclusions: In the synopsis of the currently published results, transcutaneous sonography promises a high potential to improve the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess and allows a reliable differentiation to peritonsillar cellulitis. This fact seems crucial for the clinical management of patients with suspected abscesses., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)